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Journal articles on the topic 'XENON1T experiment'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Persiani, Rino. "RESULTS FROM THE XENON100 EXPERIMENT." Acta Polytechnica 53, A (December 18, 2013): 555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2013.53.0555.

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The XENON program consists in operating and developing double-phase time projection chambers using liquid xenon as the target material. It aims to directly detect dark matter in the form of WIMPs via their elastic scattering off xenon nuclei. The current phase is XENON100, located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), with a 62 kg liquid xenon target. We present the 100.9 live days of data, acquired between January and June 2010, with no evidence of dark matter, as well as the new results of the last scientific run, with about 225 live days. The next phase, XENON1T, will increase the sensitivity by two orders of magnitude.

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2

Ahlin, Daniel, Boris Bauermeister, Jan Conrad, Robert Gardner, Luca Grandi, Benedikt Riedel, Evan Shockley, et al. "The XENON1T Data Distribution and Processing Scheme." EPJ Web of Conferences 214 (2019): 03015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921403015.

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The XENON experiment is looking for non-baryonic particle dark matter in the universe. The setup is a dual phase time projection chamber (TPC) filled with 3200 kg of ultra-pure liquid xenon. The setup is operated at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in Italy. We present a full overview of the computing scheme for data distribution and job management in XENON1T. The software package Rucio, which is developed by the ATLAS collaboration, facilitates data handling on Open Science Grid (OSG) and European Grid Infrastructure (EGI) storage systems. A tape copy at the Centre for High Performance Computing (PDC) is managed by the Tivoli Storage Manager (TSM). Data reduction and Monte Carlo production are handled by CI Connect which is integrated into the OSG network. The job submission system connects resources at the EGI, OSG, SDSC’s Comet, and the campus HPC resources for distributed computing. The previous success in the XENON1T computing scheme is also the starting point for its successor experiment XENONnT, which starts to take data in autumn 2019.

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3

Aprile, E., J. Aalbers, K. Abe, F. Agostini, S. Ahmed Maouloud, L. Althueser, B. Andrieu, et al. "The triggerless data acquisition system of the XENONnT experiment." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 07 (July 1, 2023): P07054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/07/p07054.

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Abstract The XENONnT detector uses the latest and largest liquid xenon-based time projection chamber (TPC) operated by the XENON Collaboration, aimed at detecting Weakly Interacting Massive Particles and conducting other rare event searches. The XENONnT data acquisition (DAQ) system constitutes an upgraded and expanded version of the XENON1T DAQ system. For its operation, it relies predominantly on commercially available hardware accompanied by open-source and custom-developed software. The three constituent subsystems of the XENONnT detector, the TPC (main detector), muon veto, and the newly introduced neutron veto, are integrated into a single DAQ, and can be operated both independently and as a unified system. In total, the DAQ digitizes the signals of 698 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), of which 253 from the top PMT array of the TPC are digitized twice, at ×10 and ×0.5 gain. The DAQ for the most part is a triggerless system, reading out and storing every signal that exceeds the digitization thresholds. Custom-developed software is used to process the acquired data, making it available within ∼30 s for live data quality monitoring and online analyses. The entire system with all the three subsystems was successfully commissioned and has been operating continuously, comfortably withstanding readout rates that exceed ∼500 MB/s during calibration. Livetime during normal operation exceeds 99% and is ∼90% during most high-rate calibrations. The combined DAQ system has collected more than 2 PB of both calibration and science data during the commissioning of XENONnT and the first science run.

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4

Benabderrahmane, M. L. "Latest results from the XENON1T experiment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1258 (October 2019): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1258/1/012009.

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5

Fieguth, Alexander. "Distillation column for the XENON1T experiment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 718 (May 2016): 042020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/718/4/042020.

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6

Aprile, E., J. Aalbers, F. Agostini, M. Alfonsi, F. D. Amaro, M. Anthony, L. Arazi, et al. "Physics reach of the XENON1T dark matter experiment." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2016, no. 04 (April 14, 2016): 027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2016/04/027.

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7

Rosendahl, S., E. Brown, I. Cristescu, A. Fieguth, C. Huhmann, M. Murra, and C. Weinheimer. "A cryogenic distillation column for the XENON1T experiment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 564 (November 28, 2014): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/564/1/012006.

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8

Brenner, Anja, Gonzalo Herrera, Alejandro Ibarra, Sunghyun Kang, Andreas Rappelt, Stefano Scopel, and Gaurav Tomar. "The impact of operator interference and target complementarity in dark matter direct detection experiments." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2156, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2156/1/012069.

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Abstract We present a method to determine the limits on the DM-nucleon interaction strengths for one experiment in the non-relativistic effective theory by taking the interference of operators into account. Further, we extend the method to combine several experiments. To apply the developed methods, we use data from the XENON1T and PICO6O collaborations. The relaxation caused by the interference among operators can be up to four orders of magnitude. The strengthening of the limits by combining the analysis of both experiments can be up to four orders of magnitude.

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9

Xia, Chen, Yan-Hao Xu, and Yu-Feng Zhou. "Production and attenuation of cosmic-ray boosted dark matter." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, no. 02 (February 1, 2022): 028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/02/028.

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Abstract Light sub-GeV halo dark matter (DM) particles up-scattered by high-energy cosmic-rays (CRs) (referred to as CRDM) can be energetic and become detectable by conventional DM direct detection experiments. We perform a refined analysis on the exclusion bounds of the spin-independent DM-nucleon scattering cross section σχ p in this approach. For the exclusion lower bounds, we determine the parameter of the effective distance Deff for CRDM production using spatial-dependent CR fluxes and including the contributions from the major heavy CR nuclear species. We obtain Deff≃ 9 kpc for CRDM particles with kinetic energy above ∼ 1 GeV, which pushes the corresponding exclusion lower bounds down to σχ p∼ 4× 10-32 cm2 for DM particle mass at MeV scale and below. For the exclusion upper bounds from Earth attenuation, previous estimations neglecting the nuclear form factor leaded to typical exclusion upper bounds of σχ p∼𝒪(10-28) cm2 from the XENON1T data. Using both the analytic and numerical approaches, we show that for CRDM particles, the presence of the nuclear form factor strongly suppresses the effect of Earth attenuation. Consequently, the cross section that can be excluded by the XENON1T data can be a few orders of magnitude higher, which closes the gap in the cross sections excluded by the XENON1T experiment and that by the astrophysical measurements such that for the cosmic microwave background (CMB), galactic gas cloud cooling, and structure formation, etc..

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10

Remenska, D., C. Tunnell, J. Aalbers, S. Verhoeven, J. Maassen, and J. Templon. "GivingpandasROOT to chew on: experiences with the XENON1T Dark Matter experiment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 898 (October 2017): 042003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/898/4/042003.

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11

Chianese, Marco. "Evaporation of Primordial Black Holes into Light Dark Particles." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2156, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2156/1/012035.

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Abstract We propose a novel way of investigating primordial black holes via the direct detection of light species, and viceversa. In particular, we examine the scenario, dubbed as ePBH-DM, where primordial black holes with masses from 1014 to 1016 g evaporate at present times into light dark species with masses smaller than 1 GeV. Such particles are typically emitted with relativistic velocities, thus allowing for their observations in direct detection experiments devoted to dark matter searches. Thus, we show that the latest data of the XENON1T experiment place very stringent constraints on the combined parameter space of primordial black holes and light dark particles.

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12

Di Gangi, Pietro. "The Xenon Road to Direct Detection of Dark Matter at LNGS: The XENON Project." Universe 7, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7080313.

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Dark matter is a milestone in the understanding of the Universe and a portal to the discovery of new physics beyond the Standard Model of particles. The direct search for dark matter has become one of the most active fields of experimental physics in the last few decades. Liquid Xenon (LXe) detectors demonstrated the highest sensitivities to the main dark matter candidates (Weakly Interactive Massive Particles, WIMP). The experiments of the XENON project, located in the underground INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in Italy, are leading the field thanks to the dual-phase LXe time projection chamber (TPC) technology. Since the first prototype XENON10 built in 2005, each detector of the XENON project achieved the highest sensitivity to WIMP dark matter. XENON increased the LXe target mass by nearly a factor 400, up to the 5.9 t of the current XENONnT detector installed at LNGS in 2020. Thanks to an unprecedentedly low background level, XENON1T (predecessor of XENONnT) set the world best limits on WIMP dark matter to date, for an overall boost of more than 3 orders of magnitude to the experimental sensitivity since the XENON project started. In this work, we review the principles of direct dark matter detection with LXe TPCs, the detectors of the XENON project, the challenges posed by background mitigation to ultra-low levels, and the main results achieved by the XENON project in the search for dark matter.

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13

Basak, Tanushree, Baradhwaj Coleppa, and Kousik Loho. "Revisiting the two singlet dark matter model." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2156, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2156/1/012020.

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Abstract We reinvestigate the two real singlet extension of the Standard Model with a Z 2 × Z 2 ′ symmetry. In this model, the destructive interference between the two t-channel scalar mediators to some extent alleviates the otherwise very stringent constraint from the Xenon1T experiment while the Breit-Wigner enhancement of dark matter annihilation cross section not only proves useful in satisfying the relic abundance criterion but also ensures the scope for explaining the observed gamma-ray excess in the galactic centre.

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14

BAO, SHOU-SHAN, XUE GONG, ZONG-GUO SI, and YU-FENG ZHOU. "FOURTH GENERATION MAJORANA NEUTRINO, DARK MATTER AND HIGGS PHYSICS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 29, no. 02 (January 20, 2014): 1450010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x14500109.

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We consider extensions of the standard model with fourth generation fermions (SM4) in which extra symmetries are introduced such that the transitions between the fourth generation fermions and the ones in the first three generations are forbidden. In these models, the stringent lower bounds on the masses of fourth generation quarks from direct searches can be relaxed, and the lightest fourth neutrino is allowed to be stable and light enough to trigger the Higgs boson invisible decay. In addition, the fourth Majorana neutrino can be a subdominant but highly detectable dark matter component. We perform a global analysis of the current Large Hadron Collider (LHC) data on the Higgs production and decay in this type of SM4. The results show that the mass of the lightest fourth Majorana neutrino is confined in the range ~41–59 GeV. Within the allowed parameter space, the predicted effective cross-section for spin-independent DM–nucleon scattering is ~3×10-48–6×10-46 cm 2, which is close to the current XENON100 upper limit and is within the reach of the XENON1T experiment in the near future. The predicted spin-dependent cross sections can also reach ~8×10-40 cm 2.

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15

Aprile, E., F. Agostini, M. Alfonsi, K. Arisaka, F. Arneodo, M. Auger, C. Balan, et al. "Conceptual design and simulation of a water Cherenkov muon veto for the XENON1T experiment." Journal of Instrumentation 9, no. 11 (November 6, 2014): P11006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/9/11/p11006.

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16

Kalinowski, Jan, Tania Robens, Dorota Sokołowska, and Aleksander Filip Żarnecki. "IDM Benchmarks for the LHC and Future Colliders." Symmetry 13, no. 6 (June 2, 2021): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13060991.

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We present cross-section expectations for various processes and collider options, for benchmark scenarios of the Inert Doublet Model, a Two Higgs Doublet Model with a dark matter candidate. The proposed scenarios are consistent with current dark matter constraints, including the most recent bounds from the XENON1T experiment and relic density, as well as with known collider and low-energy limits. These benchmarks, chosen in earlier work for studies at e+e− colliders, exhibit a variety of kinematic features that should be explored at current and future runs of the LHC. We provide cross sections for all relevant production processes at 13 TeV, 27 TeV and 100 TeV proton collider, as well as for a possible 10 TeV and 30 TeV muon collider.

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17

Geis, Ch, C. Grignon, U. Oberlack, D. Ramírez García, and Q. Weitzel. "Optical response of highly reflective film used in the water Cherenkov muon veto of the XENON1T dark matter experiment." Journal of Instrumentation 12, no. 06 (June 26, 2017): P06017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/12/06/p06017.

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18

Ye, Ziping, Feiyang Zhang, Donglian Xu, and Jianglai Liu. "Unambiguously Resolving the Potential Neutrino Magnetic Moment Signal at Large Liquid Scintillator Detectors." Chinese Physics Letters 38, no. 11 (December 1, 2021): 111401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/38/11/111401.

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Non-vanishing electromagnetic properties of neutrinos have been predicted by many theories beyond the Standard Model, and an enhanced neutrino magnetic moment can have profound implications for fundamental physics. The XENON1T experiment recently detected an excess of electron recoil events in the 1–7 keV energy range, which can be compatible with solar neutrino magnetic moment interaction at a most probable value of μν = 2.1 × 10−11 μ B. However, tritium backgrounds or solar axion interaction in this energy window are equally plausible causes. Upcoming multi-tonne noble liquid detectors will test these scenarios more in depth, but will continue to face similar ambiguity. We report a unique capability of future large liquid scintillator detectors to help resolve the potential neutrino magnetic moment scenario. With O(100) kton⋅year exposure of liquid scintillator to solar neutrinos, a sensitivity of μν < 10−11 μ B can be reached at an energy threshold greater than 40 keV, where no tritium or solar axion events but only neutrino magnetic moment signal is still present.

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19

Khruschov, Viacheslav, and Sergey Fomichev. "Oscillations of Active Neutrinos at Short Baseline in the Model with Three Decaying Sterile Neutrinos." Universe 8, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8020097.

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To study the oscillations of active neutrinos in the framework of the model with three active and three sterile neutrinos, the analytical expressions are obtained for the appearance and survival probabilities of different neutrino flavors taking into account the decaying sterile neutrinos contributions. In the framework of the considered phenomenological neutrino model, we make an interpretation of the experimentally detected XENON1T-excess of electronic recoil events in the energy range of 1–7 keV as a result of the radiative decay of a sterile neutrino with a mass of about 7 keV. Estimations of the decay parameters for the radiative decay of Majorana sterile neutrinos due to the magnetic dipole transitions into the active neutrino states are made. The value of the parameter of active and sterile neutrinos mixing has been derived from the Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions (BEST) experimental data. The graphical dependences for the probabilities of appearance and survival of muonic and electron neutrinos at short baseline (SBL) are presented with the use of that gained from the experimental data estimations of the model parameters.

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20

Ni, Kaixuan, Jianyang Qi, Evan Shockley, and Yuehuan Wei. "Sensitivity of a Liquid Xenon Detector to Neutrino–Nucleus Coherent Scattering and Neutrino Magnetic Moment from Reactor Neutrinos." Universe 7, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7030054.

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Liquid xenon is one of the leading targets to search for dark matter via its elastic scattering on nuclei or electrons. Due to their low-threshold and low-background capabilities, liquid xenon detectors can also detect coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering (CEνNS) or neutrino–electron scattering. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of a compact and movable liquid xenon detector with an active target mass of O(10∼100) kg and single-electron sensitivity to detect CEνNS from anti-neutrinos from a nuclear reactor. Assuming a single- and few-electron background rate at the level achieved by the XENON10/100 experiments, we expect a 5-σ detection of CEνNS with less than 400 kg-days of exposure. We further investigate the sensitivity of such a detector to neutrino magnetic moment with neutrino electron scattering. If an electronic recoil background rate of 0.01∼0.1 events/keV/kg/day above 1 keV can be achieved with adequate shielding, a liquid xenon detector can reach a neutrino magnetic moment sensitivity of 10−11μB, which would improve upon the current most-constraining laboratory limits from the GEMMA and Borexino experiments. Additionally, such a detector would be able to probe the region compatible with a magnetic moment interpretation of the low-energy excess electronic recoil events recently reported by XENON1T.

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21

Monzani, Maria Elena. "The XENON dark matter experiment: status of the XENON10 phase." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 221 (December 2011): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2011.10.024.

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22

Park, Jong-Chul, and Gaurav Tomar. "Probing non-standard neutrino interactions with interference: insights from dark matter and neutrino experiments." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2023, no. 08 (August 1, 2023): 025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/08/025.

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Abstract Neutrino-electron scattering experiments play a crucial role in investigating the non-standard interactions of neutrinos. In certain models, these interactions can include interference terms that may affect measurements. Next-generation direct detection experiments, designed primarily for dark-matter searches, are also getting sensitive to probe the neutrino properties. We utilise the data from XENONnT, a direct detection experiment, and Borexino, a low-energy solar neutrino experiment, to investigate the impact of interference on non-standard interactions. Our study considers models with an additional U(1) B-L , including U(1), U(1) L e - L µ , and U(1) L e - L τ , to investigate the impact of interference on non-standard neutrino interactions. We demonstrate that this interference can lead to a transition between the considered non-standard interaction models in the energy range relevant to both the XENONnT and Borexino experiments. This transition can be used to distinguish among the considered models if any signals are observed at direct detection or neutrino experiments. Our findings underscore the importance of accounting for the interference and incorporating both direct detection and solar neutrino experiments to gain a better understanding of neutrino interactions and properties.

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23

Duangchan, C., C. Pongkitivanichkul, P. Uttayarat, A. Jardin-Blicq, M. Wechakama, T. Klangburam, W. Treesukrat, et al. "CTA sensitivity on TeV scale dark matter models with complementary limits from direct detection." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, no. 05 (May 1, 2022): 038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/05/038.

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Abstract With ever increasing pressure from collider physics and direct detection experiments, particle physics models of TeV scale dark matter are gaining more attention. In this work, we consider two realizations of the class of scalar portal dark matter scenarios — the inverse seesaw model and the inert doublet model. Observations by the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) of very-high-energy γ rays from dark matter annihilation in the context of these models are simulated for the Draco and Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxies, and later analyzed using ctools. We study the potential of CTA for the 5σ detection of a dark matter annihilation signal. In the absence of a signal, we also derive the 2σ upper limits on the annihilation cross-section. We compare our projected CTA sensitivity against the projected sensitivity of the next generation of direct detection experiment, i.e. XENONnT. Although the limits from CTA are significantly improved compared with the previous generations of γ-ray experiments, they are still ∼2 orders of magnitude above the thermal relic cross-section for the considered targets. In the case of the inverse seesaw model, the constraint from the future direct detection experiment XENONnT is much weaker than the CTA sensitivity, whereas for the inert doublet model, XENONnT gives a bound an order of magnitude stronger compared to the CTA limits.

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24

Nikolaev, A., and M. Uvakin. "VERIFICATION OF KORSAR/GP PROGRAMMING CODE FOR CALCULATION WITH TIME CONSTANTS CHANGING FUNCTION FOR MODELING XENON TRANSIENT PROCESSES ON VVER REACTOR PLANT." PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. SERIES: NUCLEAR AND REACTOR CONSTANTS 2019, no. 4 (December 26, 2019): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55176/2414-1038-2019-4-5-14.

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The verification of the method for acceleration the calculation of slow transition xenon processes based on the use of the similarity theorem were done in this paper. For this purpose experiments with spatial xenon oscillations were calculated by using this method. Two experiments were considered in this work: in the first experiment initiation of xenon oscillations was realized by injection of boron acid in primary circuit and following reactor plant power decreasing, in the second experiment initiation of xenon oscillations was realized by control rod group movement. The calculation results were compared with calculation results of analogical experiments without using calculation acceleration method and experimental data. Additionally calculations of daily maneuvering cycle with electrical power level changing on graph 100-70-100 % Nnom and using calculation acceleration method were performed. These calculations were done for AES-2006 project VVER reactor plant. The calculation results were compared with calculation results of analogical daily maneuvering cycle without using calculation acceleration method. Some conclusions on the possibility of using the calculation acceleration method for calculations of long-term xenon processes were made. The calculations were performed by using KORSAR/GP code.

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25

YANG, JIN MIN. "SUSY DARK MATTER IN LIGHT OF CDMS/XENON LIMITS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 20, no. 08 (August 15, 2011): 1383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271811019566.

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We briefly review the current CDMS/XENON constraints on the neutralino dark matter in three popular supersymmetric models: the minimal (MSSM), the next-to-minimal (NMSSM) and the nearly minimal (nMSSM). The constraints from the dark matter relic density and various collider experiments are also taken into account. The conclusion is that for each model the current CDMS/XENON limits can readily exclude a large part of the parameter space allowed by other constraints and the future SuperCDMS or XENON100 can cover most of the allowed parameter space. The implication for the Higgs search at the LHC is also discussed. It is found that in the currently allowed parameter space the MSSM charged Higgs boson is quite unlikely to be discovered at the LHC while the neutral Higgs bosons H and A may be accessible at the LHC in the parameter space with a large μ parameter.

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Hassan, Md Mehedi, K. M. Jalal Uddin Rumi, Md Nazrul Islam Khan, and Rajib Goswami. "Estimation of control rod worth, xenon effect on reactivity and power defect of BAEC TRIGA Mark-II research reactor." Modern Physics Letters A 33, no. 39 (December 21, 2018): 1850233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732318502334.

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In this work, control rod worth, xenon (Xe) effect on reactivity and power defect have been measured by doing experiments in the BAEC TRIGA Mark-II research reactor (BTRR) and through established theoretical analysis. Firstly, to study the xenon-135 effect on reactivity, reactor is critical at 2.4 MW for several hours. Next, experiments have been performed at very low power (50 W) to avoid temperature effects. Moreover, for the power defect experiment, different increasing power level has been tested by withdrawing the control rods. Finally, it is concluded that the total control rods worth of the BAEC TRIGA Mark-II research reactor, as determined through this study, is enough to run the reactor at full power (3 MW) considering the xenon-135 and fuel temperature effects.

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27

Straniero, O., C. Pallanca, E. Dalessandro, I. Domínguez, F. R. Ferraro, M. Giannotti, A. Mirizzi, and L. Piersanti. "The RGB tip of galactic globular clusters and the revision of the axion-electron coupling bound." Astronomy & Astrophysics 644 (December 2020): A166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038775.

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Context. The production of neutrinos by plasma oscillations is the most important energy sink process operating in the degenerate core of low-mass red giant stars. This process counterbalances the release of energy induced by nuclear reactions and gravitational contraction, and determines the luminosity attained by a star at the moment of the He ignition. This occurrence coincides with the tip of the red giant branch (RGB), whose luminosity is extensively used as a calibrated standard candle in several cosmological studies. Aims. We aim to investigate the possible activation of additional energy sink mechanisms, as predicted by many extensions of the so-called Standard Model. In particular, our objective is to test the possible production of axions or axion-like particles, mainly through their coupling with electrons. Methods. By combining Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based optical and near-infrared photometric samples, we derived the RGB tip absolute magnitude of 22 galactic globular clusters (GGCs). The effects of varying the distance and the metallicity scales were also investigated. Then we compared the observed tip luminosities with those predicted by state-of-the-art stellar models that include the energy loss due to the axion production in the degenerate core of red giant stars. Results. We find that theoretical predictions including only the energy loss by plasma neutrinos are, in general, in good agreement with the observed tip bolometric magnitudes, even though the latter are ∼0.04 mag brighter on average. This small shift may be the result of systematic errors affecting the evaluation of the RGB tip bolometric magnitudes, or, alternatively, it could be ascribed to an axion-electron coupling causing a non-negligible thermal production of axions. In order to estimate the strength of this possible axion sink, we performed a cumulative likelihood analysis using the RGB tips of the whole set of 22 GGCs. All the possible sources of uncertainties affecting both the measured bolometric magnitudes and the corresponding theoretical predictions were carefully considered. As a result, we find that the value of the axion-electron coupling parameter that maximizes the likelihood probability is gae/10−13 ∼ 0.60−0.58+0.32. This hint is valid, however, if the dominant energy sinks operating in the core of red giant stars are standard neutrinos and axions coupled with electrons. Any additional energy-loss process, not included in the stellar models, would reduce such a hint. Nevertheless, we find that values gae/10−13 > 1.48 can be excluded with 95% confidence. Conclusions. The new bound we find represents the most stringent constraint for the axion-electron coupling available so far. The new scenario that emerges after this work represents a greater challenge for future experimental axion searches. In particular, we can exclude that the recent signal seen by the XENON1T experiment was due to solar axions.

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Catena, Riccardo, Daniel Cole, Timon Emken, Marek Matas, Nicola Spaldin, Walter Tarantino, and Einar Urdshals. "Dark matter-electron interactions in materials beyond the dark photon model." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2023, no. 03 (March 1, 2023): 052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/03/052.

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Abstract The search for sub-GeV dark matter (DM) particles via electronic transitions in underground detectors attracted much theoretical and experimental interest in the past few years. A still open question in this field is whether experimental results can in general be interpreted in a framework where the response of detector materials to an external DM probe is described by a single ionisation or crystal form factor, as expected for the so-called dark photon model. Here, ionisation and crystal form factors are examples of material response functions: interaction-specific integrals of the initial and final state electron wave functions. In this work, we address this question through a systematic classification of the material response functions induced by a wide range of models for spin-0, spin-1/2 and spin-1 DM. We find several examples for which an accurate description of the electronic transition rate at DM direct detection experiments requires material response functions that go beyond those expected for the dark photon model. This concretely illustrates the limitations of a framework that is entirely based on the standard ionisation and crystal form factors, and points towards the need for the general response-function-based formalism we pushed forward recently [1,2]. For the models that require non-standard atomic and crystal response functions, we use the response functions of [1,2] to calculate the DM-induced electronic transition rate in atomic and crystal detectors, and to present 90% confidence level exclusion limits on the strength of the DM-electron interaction from the null results reported by XENON10, XENON1T, EDELWEISS and SENSEI.

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Gallina, G., and F. Retière. "Characterisation of a new generation of VUV low-light sensors." EPJ Web of Conferences 227 (2020): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202022702002.

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Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPMs) have emerged as a compelling photo-sensor solution over the course of the last decade. In contrast to the widely used Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs), SiPMs are low-voltage powered, optimal for operation at cryogenic temperatures, and have low radioactivity lev- els with high gain stability over the time in operational conditions. For these reasons, large-scale low-background cryogenic experiments, such as the next- generation Enriched Xenon Observatory experiment (nEXO), are migrating to a SiPM-based light detection system. In this paper we report on the charac- terization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 (S/N: S13370-6152) Vacuum Ultra-Violet (VUV) sensitive Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPC)s as part of the develop- ment of a solution for the detection of liquid xenon scintillation light for the nEXO experiment.

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Aprile, E., K. Arisaka, F. Arneodo, A. Askin, L. Baudis, A. Behrens, E. Brown, et al. "The XENON100 dark matter experiment." Astroparticle Physics 35, no. 9 (April 2012): 573–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2012.01.003.

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Lin, H., K. Ni, H. Du, K. Han, X. Ji, T. Li, L. Luo, et al. "Measurement of high-pressure xenon gas absorption in acrylic." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 05 (May 1, 2022): P05027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/05/p05027.

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Abstract Acrylic is a popular structural material in experiments requiring low background because of its radio-purity, machinability, and mechanical strength. However, its porosity may cause significant gas absorption and influence the detector stability in the long term. The interaction between acrylic and other detector materials becomes one of the key concerns in the detector design. In this paper, we carry out an experiment to measure quantitatively the absorption process of high-pressure xenon gas into acrylic. A specific setup is designed for the measurement, and systematic measurements are done to obtain a result of the absorption amount: 0.98 g xenon into 332 g of acrylic.

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Yang, J., X. Chen, C. He, D. Huang, Y. Huang, J. Liu, X. Ren, et al. "Readout electronics and data acquisition system of PandaX-4T experiment." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 02 (February 1, 2022): T02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/02/t02004.

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Abstract PandaX-4T is a dark matter direct detection experiment located in China jinping underground laboratory. The central apparatus is a dual-phase xenon detector containing 4 ton liquid xenon in the sensitive volume, with about 500 photomultipliers instrumented in the top and the bottom of the detector. In this paper we present a completely new system of readout electronics and data acquisition in the PandaX-4T experiment. Compared to the one used in the previous PandaX dark matter experiments, the new system features triggerless readout and higher bandwidth. With triggerless readout, dark matter searches are not affected by the efficiency loss of external triggers. The system records single photelectron signals of the dominant PMTs with an average efficiency of 96%, and achieves the bandwidth of more than 450 MB/s. The system has been used to successfully acquire data during the commissioning runs of PandaX-4T.

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Simón, A. "Status of the NEXT experiment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2374, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2374/1/012033.

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NEXT is an international experimental program aiming at the detection of 0𝜈ββ decay in 136Xe using a high-pressure gaseous xenon electroluminescent TPC. The technique allows for superb energy resolution, 1% FWHM at Q ββ , and topological discrimination based on the unique signature that a double electron produces in a gaseous medium. With ∼0.5 m in each dimension, NEXT-White (NEW) has been operating underground since 2016 at the Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc (LSC), using xenon enriched to 90% 136Xe. Its purpose is to validate all aspects of the technology on a large scale and demonstrate its performance on 2𝜈ββ decay events. NEXT-100 will replace NEW and construction will start during 2021. It will deploy ∼97 kg of enriched xenon and demonstrate sensitivity to 0𝜈ββ decay half-lives on the scale of 1025 yr.

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Barman, Basabendu, and Anish Ghoshal. "Probing pre-BBN era with scale invariant FIMP." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/10/082.

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Abstract Detecting dark matter (DM) relic via freeze-in is difficult in laboratories due to smallness of the couplings involved. However, a non-standard cosmological history of the Universe, prior to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), can dramatically change this scenario. In this context, we study the freeze-in production of dark matter (DM) in classically scale invariant U(1) X gauge extension of the Standard Model (SM), recently dubbed as the Scale Invariant FIMP Miracle. We assume an additional species dominates the energy density of the Universe at early times, causing the expansion rate at a given temperature to be larger than that in the standard radiation-dominated case. We find, the out-of-equilibrium scattering processes involving particles in the thermal bath lead to significantly suppressed DM production in this era, thereby enhancing the couplings between the visible and the dark sector (by several orders of magnitude) to satisfy the observed DM abundance, and improving the detection prospects for freeze-in in turn. Scale invariance of the underlying theory leaves only four free parameters in the model: the DM mass mX , the gauge coupling gX , the temperature of transition TR from early scalar-dominated to radiation-dominated era and the power-law dependence n of this temperature. We show, within this minimal set-up, experiments like FASER, MATHUSLA, DUNE, SHiP will be probing various cosmological models depending on the choice of {n, TR } that also satisfy the PLANCK observed relic density bound. Moreover, due to the presence of a naturally light scalar mediator, the direct detection of the DM at XENON1T, PandaX-4T or XENONnT becomes relevant for Higgs-scalar mixing sinθ ≃ {10-5–10-3}, thus providing complementary probes for freeze-in, as well as for non-standard cosmological pre-BBN era.

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Aprile, E., J. Aalbers, F. Agostini, M. Alfonsi, L. Althueser, F. D. Amaro, V. C. Antochi, et al. "Projected WIMP sensitivity of the XENONnT dark matter experiment." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2020, no. 11 (November 16, 2020): 031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2020/11/031.

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Aprile, E., J. Angle, F. Arneodo, L. Baudis, A. Bernstein, A. Bolozdynya, P. Brusov, et al. "Design and performance of the XENON10 dark matter experiment." Astroparticle Physics 34, no. 9 (April 2011): 679–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2011.01.006.

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Sheng, Siyuan P., Beilei Lei, Michael L. James, Christopher D. Lascola, Talaignair N. Venkatraman, Jin Yong Jung, Mervyn Maze, et al. "Xenon Neuroprotection in Experimental Stroke." Anesthesiology 117, no. 6 (December 1, 2012): 1262–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3182746b81.

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Background Xenon has been proven to be neuroprotective in experimental brain injury. The authors hypothesized that xenon would improve outcome from focal cerebral ischemia with a delayed treatment onset and prolonged recovery interval. Methods Rats were subjected to 70 min temporary focal ischemia. Ninety minutes later, rats were treated with 0, 15, 30, or 45% Xe for 20 h or 0 or 30% Xe for 8, 20, or 44 h. Outcome was measured after 7 days. In another experiment, after ischemia, rats were maintained at 37.5° or 36.0°C for 20 h with or without 30% Xe. Outcome was assessed 28 days later. Finally, mice were subjected to intracerebral hemorrhage with or without 30% Xe for 20 h. Brain water content, hematoma volume, rotarod function, and microglial activation were measured. Results Cerebral infarct sizes (mean±SD) for 0, 15, 30, and 45% Xe were 212±27, 176±55, 160±32, and 198±54 mm, respectively (P=0.023). Neurologic scores (median±interquartile range) followed a similar pattern (P=0.002). Infarct size did not vary with treatment duration, but neurologic score improved (P=0.002) at all xenon exposure durations (8, 20, and 44 h). Postischemic treatment with either 30% Xe or subtherapeutic hypothermia (36°C) had no effect on 28-day outcome. Combination of these interventions provided long-term benefit. Xenon improved intracerebral hemorrhage outcome measures. Conclusion Xenon improved focal ischemic outcome at 7, but not 28 days postischemia. Xenon combined with subtherapeutic hypothermia produced sustained recovery benefit. Xenon improved intracerebral hemorrhage outcome. Xenon may have potential for clinical stroke therapy under carefully defined conditions.

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Meizhen Huang, Meizhen Huang, and Yaxing Tong Yaxing Tong. "Numerical simulation and experiment of optothermal response of biological tissue irradiated by continuous xenon lamp." Chinese Optics Letters 10, no. 1 (2012): 011701–11704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201210.011701.

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Lassnig, Mario, Martin Barisits, Paul J. Laycock, Cédric Serfon, Eric W. Vaandering, Katy Ellis, Robert A. Illingworth, et al. "Rucio beyond ATLAS: experiences from Belle II, CMS, DUNE, EISCAT3D, LIGO/VIRGO, SKA, XENON." EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 11006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024511006.

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For many scientific projects, data management is an increasingly complicated challenge. The number of data-intensive instruments generating unprecedented volumes of data is growing and their accompanying workflows are becoming more complex. Their storage and computing resources are heterogeneous and are distributed at numerous geographical locations belonging to different administrative domains and organisations. These locations do not necessarily coincide with the places where data is produced nor where data is stored, analysed by researchers, or archived for safe long-term storage. To fulfil these needs, the data management system Rucio has been developed to allow the high-energy physics experiment ATLAS at LHC to manage its large volumes of data in an efficient and scalable way. But ATLAS is not alone, and several diverse scientific projects have started evaluating, adopting, and adapting the Rucio system for their own needs. As the Rucio community has grown, many improvements have been introduced, customisations have been added, and many bugs have been fixed. Additionally, new dataflows have been investigated and operational experiences have been documented. In this article we collect and compare the common successes, pitfalls, and oddities that arose in the evaluation efforts of multiple diverse experiments, and compare them with the ATLAS experience. This includes the high-energy physics experiments Belle II and CMS, the neutrino experiment DUNE, the scattering radar experiment EISCAT3D, the gravitational wave observatories LIGO and VIRGO, the SKA radio telescope, and the dark matter search experiment XENON.

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Khan, Najimuddin. "Neutrino Mass and the Higgs Portal Dark Matter in the ESSFSM." Advances in High Energy Physics 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4809682.

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We extend the standard model with three right-handed singlet neutrinos and a real singlet scalar. We impose two Z2 and Z2′ symmetries. We explain the tiny neutrino mass-squared differences with two Z2- and Z2′-even right-handed neutrinos using type I seesaw mechanism. The Z2-odd fermion and the Z2′-odd scalar can both serve as viable dark matter candidates. We identify new regions in the parameter space which are consistent with relic density of the dark matter from recent direct search experiments LUX-2016 and XENON1T-2017 and LHC data.

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Shutt, T., E. Aprile, E. Baltz, K. Giboni, P. Majewski, M. Yamashita, K. Ni, et al. "The XENON dark matter experiment." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 138 (January 2005): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.036.

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Oberlack, U. "First limits on WIMP dark matter from the XENON10 experiment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 110, no. 6 (May 1, 2008): 062020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/110/6/062020.

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Žilavý, P., L. Přech, Z. Nĕmeček, and J. Šafránková. "Spacecraft potential during an active experiment: a comparison of experimental results with a simple model." Annales Geophysicae 21, no. 4 (April 30, 2003): 915–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-915-2003.

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Abstract. The Active Plasma Experiment (APEX) used intensive electron beam and/or a release of the low-energy Xenon plasma to study dynamic processes in the magnetosphere and upper ionosphere. It was shown by Prech et al. (1999) that the release of the Xe plasma increases the spacecraft potential when the ambient plasma density is low, but decreases it when the density is high enough. In the present paper, a simple computer model of the dust particle charging has been adapted for a calculation of the potential difference between a planar probe and a spherical satellite moving in the ionospheric plasma. The influence of a quasineutral plasma emission on the measured spacecraft potential difference is discussed and the calculated results are compared with experimental data from the APEX project.Key words. Ionosphere (active experiments)

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Gratta, Giorgio, and David Sinclair. "Present Status and Future Perspectives for the EXO-200 Experiment." Advances in High Energy Physics 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/545431.

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The EXO collaboration has built and operated a 200 kg liquid xenon detector for studies of double beta decay. This paper summarizes the results obtained so far and their significance. The excellent performance of the detector encourages the concept of a much larger detector to obtain improved sensitivity to the possible detection of the neutrinoless decay mode of xenon.

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Seo, Hyoung Seock, Ho Yun Jang, and Ho Hwan Chun. "Investigation of Tensile Strength of Composite Laminate under Diverse Environment Conditions." Materials Science Forum 813 (March 2015): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.813.169.

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To investigate ocean environmental effects of salt water and xenon light, salt water spray test and xenon test were performed on long immersion hours. CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) specimens were prepared for salt water spray experiment, xenon light exposure experiment and mechanical tensile tests. The composite specimens with total 15 layers were manufactured with diverse fiber orientations of [0°]15, [90°]15 and [0°3/+45°2/-45°2/90°/-45°2/+45°2/0°3]. After applying environmental conditions, the tensile strength was compared with the tensile strength without environmental conditions. The influence of different fiber orientation was also investigated, respectively. Finally, the results showed that the tensile strength of composite specimens was affected by salt water and xenon light clearly.

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Gómez Cadenas, J. J., V. Álvarez, F. I. G. Borges, S. Cárcel, J. Castel, S. Cebrián, A. Cervera, et al. "Present Status and Future Perspectives of the NEXT Experiment." Advances in High Energy Physics 2014 (2014): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/907067.

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NEXT is an experiment dedicated to neutrinoless double beta decay searches in xenon. The detector is a TPC, holding 100 kg of high-pressure xenon enriched in the136Xe isotope. It is under construction in the Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc in Spain, and it will begin operations in 2015. The NEXT detector concept provides an energy resolutionbetter than 1% FWHM and a topological signal that can be used to reduce the background. Furthermore, the NEXT technology can be extrapolated to a 1 ton-scale experiment.

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He, Guo Li, Hong Hong Yi, Xiao Long Tang, Fen Rong Li, Yun Dong Li, and Kai Li. "Experimental Study on Dynamic Adsorption of Xenon over Adsorbents." Advanced Materials Research 739 (August 2013): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.739.142.

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Selecting effective xenon adsorbents is important for preventing significant global nuclear proliferation. The adsorption capacity of coconut shell activated carbons (SAC),zeolite 10X,zeolite 5A, zeolite 13X were researched and the Xenon adsorption of the coconut shell activated carbon modified by KOH(SAC/KOH-1 and SAC/KOH-2) were compared in this paper. The factors of temperature and flow rate that influenced the dynamic adsorption of xenon by 10X were discussed. The order of the Xenon adsorption capacity is as follows: zeolite 10X, SAC/KOH-2, SAC/KOH-1, SAC, zeolite 13X, zeolite 5A.

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Anokhina, Anna, Vasilisa Gulyaeva, Emil Khalikov, Evgeny Kurochkin, Tatiana Roganova, Eduard Ursov, and Ivan Vidulin. "Directional Observation of Cold Dark Matter Particles (WIMP) in Light Target Experiments." Universe 7, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7070215.

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For the last 10 years, the search for dark matter (DM) was carried out taking into account the fact that the DM particles are WIMPs (Weakly Interacted Massive Particles) which were introduced in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model. Many experiments such as XENON1T, DarkSide, CRESST, etc. set the constraints on the WIMP-nucleon elastic interaction cross sections for different assumed WIMP masses. Methods for detecting WIMPs could play a special role, allowing one to determine the directions of the tracks of recoil nuclei and, therefore, to determine the preferred direction of the WIMP flux. In this work, we analyze the capabilities of such direct detection experiments through analyzing the lengths and directions of the tracks of recoil nuclei. Taking into account the existing experimental constraints, we conclude that the optimal target would be a lower density target containing nuclei of the CNO group, for example, liquid propane.

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Zhou, W., J. Yonglin, C. Xiangyi, J. Xiangdong, and L. Jianglai. "Experiment and optimization of a large scale xenon/krypton cryogenic distillation system." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1240, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1240/1/012091.

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Abstract A highly efficient cryogenic distillation system has been designed, developed and assessed to remove radioactive krypton-85 (85Kr) from xenon (Xe), which is commonly used as a valuable medium for dark matter detectors. By using the self-designed distillation system, the concentration of krypton (Kr) in a commercial xenon product can be reduced from 10−9 to 10−12 mol/mol with 99% xenon collection efficiency at maximum flow rate of 5 kg/h. Over 1000 kg of xenon has been purified and employed as the detection medium in project Panda X, the first dark matter detector developed in China. In this present paper, detailed process simulation was conducted to refine the working parameters and to define the optimum operating conditions for the cryogenic distillation system. The predicted results were compared with those of experimental data obtained from the distillation system. The influence of comprehensive factors was investigated. Simultaneously, a dynamic model for the cryogenic distillation system was established to provide an in depth analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the system.

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Baudis, Laura. "The XENON10 WIMP Search Experiment at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 65 (April 1, 2007): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/65/1/012015.

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