Academic literature on the topic 'Xanthophylls'

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Journal articles on the topic "Xanthophylls"

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Gao, Yu-Yun, Qing-Mei Xie, Jing-Yun Ma, Xiang-Bin Zhang, Ji-Mei Zhu, Ding-Ming Shu, Bao-Li Sun, Ling Jin, and Ying-Zuo Bi. "Supplementation of xanthophylls increased antioxidant capacity and decreased lipid peroxidation in hens and chicks." British Journal of Nutrition 109, no. 6 (July 19, 2012): 977–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512002784.

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The present study investigated the effects of xanthophyll supplementation on production performance, antioxidant capacity (measured by glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and reduced glutathione:oxidised glutathione ratio (GSH:GSSG)) and lipid peroxidation (measured by malondialdehyde (MDA)) in breeding hens and chicks. In Expt 1, 432 hens were fed diets supplemented with 0 (control group), 20 or 40 mg xanthophyll/kg diet. Blood samples were taken at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 d of the trial. Liver and jejunal mucosa were sampled at 35 d. Both xanthophyll groups improved serum SOD at 21 and 28 d, serum T-AOC at 21 d and liver T-AOC, and serum GSH:GSSG at 21, 28 and 35 d and liver GSH:GSSG. Xanthophylls also decreased serum MDA at 21 d in hens. Expt 2 was a 2 × 2 factorial design. Male chicks hatched from 0 or 40 mg in ovo xanthophyll/kg diet of hens were fed a diet containing either 0 or 40 mg xanthophyll/kg diet. Liver samples were collected at 0, 7, 14 and 21 d after hatching. Blood samples were also collected at 21 d. In ovo-deposited xanthophylls increased antioxidant capacity and decreased MDA in the liver mainly within 1 week after hatching. Maternal effects gradually vanished during 1–2 weeks after hatching. Dietary xanthophylls increased antioxidant capacity and decreased MDA in the liver and serum mainly from 2 weeks onwards. Data suggested that xanthophyll supplementation enhanced antioxidant capacity and reduced lipid peroxidation in different tissues of hens and chicks.
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Breithaupt, Dietmar E., Elhadi M. Yahia, and Francisco J. Valdés Velázquez. "Comparison of the absorption efficiency of α- and β-cryptoxanthin in female Wistar rats." British Journal of Nutrition 97, no. 2 (February 2007): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507336751.

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Xanthophylls, such as lutein and zeaxanthin, have received increasing interest in recent years because of positive correlations between their consumption and the prevention of eye diseases. Numerous human intervention studies have been conducted with lutein to estimate the bioavailability from different formulations. The present study was designed to obtain basic data on the absorbance efficiency of the monohydroxylated counterparts of lutein and zeaxanthin: α- and β-cryptoxanthin. A corn-oil-based diet comprising ß-cryptoxanthin from papaya purée and α-cryptoxanthin from green carrot leaves was fed to five female Wistar rats for 8 consecutive days at a rate of 17·3 nmol/d and 9·2 nmol/d, respectively. The identity of the xanthophylls in the supplement was ascertained by LC-(APCI)MS analyses, and xanthophylls present in liver and plasma samples were determined by HPLC/diode array detector (DAD). The β-cryptoxanthin concentrations of rat livers in the treatment group were statistically distinguishable (P < 0·01) from those present in the livers of the control group that were fed a basic diet. α-Cryptoxanthin, the second xanthophyll present in the supplement, was not found in rat livers in the treatment group. Plasma samples were free of xanthophylls. This is the first report proving that β-cryptoxanthin has a higher absorption efficiency than α-cryptoxanthin in rats, at least from a minimally processed oil-based xanthophyll supplement.
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Thurnham, David I. "Macular zeaxanthins and lutein – a review of dietary sources and bioavailability and some relationships with macular pigment optical density and age-related macular disease." Nutrition Research Reviews 20, no. 2 (December 2007): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954422407842235.

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The retina is unique in the human body in containing three xanthophyll carotenoids; 3R,3′R-zeaxanthin, meso-zeaxanthin (MZ) and lutein. Humans consume 1 to 3 mg lutein per d and the lutein:zeaxanthin ratio in the diet is about 5:1.Xanthophyll pigments occur widely in vegetables and fruits but MZ is found in only a few foods such as the shrimp carapace and fish skin. In spite of the amounts of the different xanthophylls in the diet, zeaxanthin and MZ occur in approximately equal amounts in the eye, and their combined concentration can exceed that of lutein. In the present review the bioavailablity of zeaxanthin and lutein is assessed using the plasma xanthophyll response to dietary intervention. A number of studies have used single and mixed sources of the pure xanthophylls to achieve steady-state plasma responses. Mostly these have been with lutein and zeaxanthin but two using MZ are also described. Responses following the intervention with the pure xanthophylls are compared with those following food intervention. Vegetables are the richest source of dietary lutein and several vegetable-feeding studies are discussed. Intervention studies with eggs, which are a good source of zeaxanthin, suggest that the xanthophyll carotenoids in egg yolk may be more bioavailable than those in other foods and are described separately. MZ has been a component of a xanthophyll supplement added to chicken feed in Mexico in the last 10 years. Egg consumption in Mexico is approximately one egg/person per d and the potential contribution of this food source of MZ to Mexican dietary intakes is described. Very limited information from human feeding studies of MZ-containing supplements suggests that MZ is less well absorbed than zeaxanthin. However, MZ is unusual in the diet and not reported in the plasma. Thus plasma responses may not reflect true absorption if it takes MZ longer to equilibrate with body tissues than the other xanthophylls and competition with zeaxanthin may lower the relative concentrations of MZ in plasma. Lastly, the effects of long-term feeding with both pure and food sources of the xanthophyll pigments on macular pigment optical density is compared and the importance of previous dietary intake on the effects of intervention is discussed.
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Scripsema, Nicole K., Dan-Ning Hu, and Richard B. Rosen. "Lutein, Zeaxanthin, andmeso-Zeaxanthin in the Clinical Management of Eye Disease." Journal of Ophthalmology 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/865179.

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Lutein, zeaxanthin, andmeso-zeaxanthin are xanthophyll carotenoids found within the retina and throughout the visual system. The retina is one of the most metabolically active tissues in the body. The highest concentration of xanthophylls is found within the retina, and this selective presence has generated many theories regarding their role in supporting retinal function. Subsequently, the effect of xanthophylls in the prevention and treatment of various eye diseases has been examined through epidemiological studies, animal studies, and clinical trials. This paper attempts to review the epidemiological studies and clinical trials investigating the effects of xanthophylls on the incidence and progression of various eye diseases. Observational studies have reported that increased dietary intake and higher serum levels of lutein and zeaxanthin are associated with lower risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), especially late AMD. Randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials have demonstrated that xanthophyll supplementation increases macular pigment levels, improves visual function, and decreases the risk of progression to late AMD, especially neovascular AMD. Current publications on the preventive and therapeutic effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and retinopathy of prematurity have reported encouraging results.
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Gao, Yu-Yun, Qing-Mei Xie, Ling Jin, Bao-Li Sun, Jun Ji, Feng Chen, Jing-Yun Ma, and Ying-Zuo Bi. "Supplementation of xanthophylls decreased proinflammatory and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines in hens and chicks." British Journal of Nutrition 108, no. 10 (January 25, 2012): 1746–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512000025.

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The present study investigated the effects of xanthophylls (containing 40 % of lutein and 60 % of zeaxanthin) on proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ and lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor (LITAF)) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4 and IL-10) expression of breeding hens and chicks. In Expt 1, a total of 432 hens were fed diets supplemented with 0 (as the control group), 20 or 40 mg/kg xanthophylls (six replicates per treatment). The liver, duodenum, jejunum and ileum were sampled at 35 d of the trial. The results showed that both levels of xanthophyll addition decreased IL-1β mRNA in the liver and jejunum, IL-6 mRNA in the liver, IFN-γ mRNA in the jejunum and LITAF mRNA in the liver compared to the control group. Expt 2 was a 2 × 2 factorial design. Male chicks hatched from 0 or 40 mg/kg xanthophyll diet of hens were fed a diet containing either 0 or 40 mg/kg xanthophylls. The liver, duodenum, jejunum and ileum were collected at 0, 7, 14 and 21 d after hatching. The results showed thatin ovoxanthophylls decreased proinflammatory cytokine expression (IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ and LITAF) in the liver, duodenum, jejunum and ileum and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-4 and IL-10) in the liver, jejunum and ileum mainly at 0–7 d after hatching.In ovoeffects gradually vanished and dietary effects began to work during 1–2 weeks after hatching. Dietary xanthophylls modulated proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ) in the liver, duodenum, jejunum and ileum and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in the liver and jejunum mainly from 2 weeks onwards. In conclusion, xanthophylls could regulate proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in different tissues of hens and chicks.
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Close, Dugald C., Chris L. Beadle, and Mark J. Hovenden. "Cold-induced photoinhibition and foliar pigment dynamics of Eucalyptus nitens seedlings during establishment." Functional Plant Biology 28, no. 11 (2001): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp01039.

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The effects of cold-induced photoinhibition on chlorophyll and carotenoid dynamics and xanthophyll cycling in Eucalyptus nitens (Deane and Maiden) Maiden were assessed between planting and 32 weeks after planting. The seedlings were fertilised or nutrient-deprived (non-fertilised) before planting and shaded or not shaded after planting. The experimental site was 700 m a.s.l., which is considered marginal for establishment of E. nitens plantations in Tasmania due to low mean annual minimum temperatures. Low temperature–high light conditions caused a reduction in variable to maximal chlorophyll fluorescence ratio (F v /F m ), which was more pronounced in non-fertilised than in fertilised seedlings. Shadecloth shelters alleviated this depression. Except in shaded fertilised seedlings, F v /F m did not recover to the level before planting until after 20 weeks. Total chlorophyll content was initially reduced in shaded treatments but subsequently increased with increasing temperatures and F v /F m. Total xanthophyll content and xanthophylls per unit chlorophyll remained relatively constant in fertilised seedlings but decreased in non-fertilised seedlings within 2 weeks after planting. Total xanthophyll and xanthophylls per unit chlorophyll subsequently recovered in non-shaded, non-fertilised seedlings with increasing temperatures and F v /F m. Diurnal [yield and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and seasonal (F v /F m) variation in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were not reflected in xanthophyll cycling during the period of most severe photoinhibition. This result may indicate that chlorophyll–xanthophylls protein complexes form in winter-acclimated E. nitens foliage as have been demonstrated to occur in Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng. (Gilmore and Ball 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 97, 11098–11101).
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Kotake-Nara, Eiichi, and Akihiko Nagao. "Absorption and Metabolism of Xanthophylls." Marine Drugs 9, no. 6 (June 10, 2011): 1024–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md9061024.

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Dietary carotenoids, especially xanthophylls, have attracted significant attention because of their characteristic biological activities, including anti-allergic, anti-cancer, and anti-obese actions. Although no less than forty carotenoids are ingested under usual dietary habits, only six carotenoids and their metabolites have been found in human tissues, suggesting selectivity in the intestinal absorption of carotenoids. Recently, facilitated diffusion in addition to simple diffusion has been reported to mediate the intestinal absorption of carotenoids in mammals. The selective absorption of carotenoids may be caused by uptake to the intestinal epithelia by the facilitated diffusion and an unknown excretion to intestinal lumen. It is well known that β-carotene can be metabolized to vitamin A after intestinal absorption of carotenoids, but little is known about the metabolic transformation of non provitamin A xanthophylls. The enzymatic oxidation of the secondary hydroxyl group leading to keto-carotenoids would occur as a common pathway of xanthophyll metabolism in mammals. This paper reviews the absorption and metabolism of xanthophylls by introducing recent advances in this field.
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Pereira, Antia G., Paz Otero, Javier Echave, Anxo Carreira-Casais, Franklin Chamorro, Nicolas Collazo, Amira Jaboui, Catarina Lourenço-Lopes, Jesus Simal-Gandara, and Miguel A. Prieto. "Xanthophylls from the Sea: Algae as Source of Bioactive Carotenoids." Marine Drugs 19, no. 4 (March 27, 2021): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19040188.

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Algae are considered pigment-producing organisms. The function of these compounds in algae is to carry out photosynthesis. They have a great variety of pigments, which can be classified into three large groups: chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phycobilins. Within the carotenoids are xanthophylls. Xanthophylls (fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin) are a type of carotenoids with anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities, due to their chemical structure rich in double bonds that provides them with antioxidant properties. In this context, xanthophylls can protect other molecules from oxidative stress by turning off singlet oxygen damage through various mechanisms. Based on clinical studies, this review shows the available information concerning the bioactivity and biological effects of the main xanthophylls present in algae. In addition, the algae with the highest production rate of the different compounds of interest were studied. It was observed that fucoxanthin is obtained mainly from the brown seaweeds Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Hizikia fusiformis, Sargassum spp., and Fucus spp. The main sources of astaxanthin are the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis, Chlorella zofingiensis, and Chlorococcum sp. Lutein and zeaxanthin are mainly found in algal species such as Scenedesmus spp., Chlorella spp., Rhodophyta spp., or Spirulina spp. However, the extraction and purification processes of xanthophylls from algae need to be standardized to facilitate their commercialization. Finally, we assessed factors that determine the bioavailability and bioaccesibility of these molecules. We also suggested techniques that increase xanthophyll’s bioavailability.
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Thomas, Sara E., and Elizabeth J. Johnson. "Xanthophylls." Advances in Nutrition 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmx005.

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Kruk, Jerzy, and Renata Szymańska. "Occurrence of neoxanthin and lutein epoxide cycle in parasitic Cuscuta species." Acta Biochimica Polonica 55, no. 1 (January 24, 2008): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2008_3111.

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In the present study, xanthophyll composition of eight parasitic Cuscuta species under different light conditions was investigated. Neoxanthin was not detected in four of the eight species examined, while in others it occurred at the level of several percent of total xanthophylls. In C. gronovii and C. lupuliformis it was additionally found that the neoxanthin content was considerably stimulated by strong light. In dark-adapted plants, lutein epoxide level amounted to 10-22% of total xanthophylls in only three species, the highest being for C. lupuliformis, while in others it was below 3%, indicating that the lutein epoxide cycle is limited to only certain Cuscuta species. The obtained data also indicate that the presence of the lutein epoxide cycle and of neoxanthin is independent and variable among the Cuscuta species. The xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin were identified in all the examined species and occurred at the level found in other higher plants. The xanthophyll and lutein epoxide cycle pigments showed typical response to high light stress. The obtained results also suggest that the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Xanthophylls"

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Davies, Bethan Wyn. "Xanthophylls as metabolic precursors." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/92d4cd09-9ea7-4e80-9af4-a3aecccd778b.

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Etienne-Leveille, Valerie. "Three studies of natural xanthophylls." FIU Digital Commons, 2003. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3282.

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The purpose of this work was to isolate and study the oxidation of a carotenoid known as lactucaxanthin; to determine the dose vs. serum response of human subjects in a supplementation study of lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin; and to initiate an investigation of lutein in larval monarch butterflies. Our interest in lactucaxanthin arises because of its close structural homology to a keto carotenoid in human blood. The isolation of lactucaxanthin from Romaine Lettuce was accomplished by use of the reversed-phase HPLC. Preliminary results from the oxidation of lactucaxanthin using MnO2 show that two products are formed. Human subjects participated in supplementation studies of lutein and mesozeaxanthin. The effects of three daily dosages (5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg) of lutein on serum lutein concentrations were investigated to determine the magnitude of the serum response The concentration of lutein in larval monarch butterflies was investigated. These caterpillars have stripes of three distinct colors: black, white, and yellow. The striped sections of the skin were separated by color, extracted and analyzed using reversed-phase HPLC. The concentration of lutein was highest in the yellow stripes.
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Phillip, Denise Mary. "Xanthophylls in light-harvesting complexes of higher plants." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242313.

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史賢明 and Xianming Shi. "High yield production of lutein by Chlorella protothecoides under heterotrophic conditions of growth." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31237666.

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Shi, Xianming. "High yield production of lutein by Chlorella protothecoides under heterotrophic conditions of growth /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19859880.

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Li, Tao. "Characterization of lutein biosynthesis in green alga chlorella pyrenoidosa under heterotrophic condition." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1399.

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Kim, Joonyul. "Functional and evolutionary characterization of Arabidopsis carotenoid hydroxylases." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Mar. 30, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-139). Also issued in print.
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Schlatterer, Jörg [Verfasser]. "Analysis of Xanthophylls in Food and their Behaviour during Human Digestion / Jörg Schlatterer." Aachen : Shaker, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1163609641/34.

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Derenick, Rhianna A. "The role of lutein and zeaxanthin in protecting the retina from light damage /." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/3823.

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Terry, Christian James. "Gene expression and ABA biosynthesis in water stressed plants." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308310.

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Book chapters on the topic "Xanthophylls"

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Chew, Emily Y. "Carotenoids (Xanthophylls)." In Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35951-4_1050-1.

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Chew, Emily Y. "Carotenoids (Xanthophylls)." In Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology, 318–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69000-9_1050.

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Straub, Otto. "C40-Xanthophylls." In Key to Carotenoids, 32–172. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-5065-0_2.

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Visser, Hans, Gerhard Sandmann, and Jan C. Verdoes. "Xanthophylls in Fungi." In Microbial Processes and Products, 257–72. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-847-1:257.

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Bartlett, Hannah E. "Xanthophylls and the Eye." In Natural Products, 3923–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22144-6_166.

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Alcaino, Jennifer, Marcelo Baeza, and Victor Cifuentes. "Astaxanthin and Related Xanthophylls." In Fungal Biology, 187–208. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1191-2_9.

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Hadacek, Franz. "Xanthophylls in Plants: Functional Diversity of." In Encyclopedia of Lipidomics, 1–4. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7864-1_134-1.

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Hadacek, Franz. "Xanthophylls in Plants: Functional Diversity of." In Encyclopedia of Lipidomics, 1–4. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7864-1_134-2.

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Demmig-Adams, Barbara, and William W. Adams. "Overview of Diet-Gene Interactions and the Example of Xanthophylls." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 17–26. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7347-4_2.

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Björkman, Olle, and Krishna K. Niyogi. "Xanthophylls and Excess-Energy Dissipation: A Genetic Dissection in Arabidopsis." In Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects, 2085–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3953-3_488.

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Conference papers on the topic "Xanthophylls"

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Sheng, Guihua, and Quancheng Zhou. "Supercritical CO2 extraction xanthophylls from Marigold extractum: Process optimization and extraction rate analysis." In 2011 International Conference on New Technology of Agricultural Engineering (ICAE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icae.2011.5943990.

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Reports on the topic "Xanthophylls"

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Harry Yamamato. Final Report - The Xanthophyll Cycle. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/842478.

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