Academic literature on the topic 'X2 and X3'
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Journal articles on the topic "X2 and X3"
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Brown, Tom C. "Cancellation in semigroups in which X2=X3." Semigroup Forum 41, no. 1 (December 1990): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02573377.
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Sasv´ri, Z., and W. Wolf. "Über die wiederherstellung der ausgangsverteilung durch die statistik X1—X3, X2—X3." Statistics 16, no. 2 (January 1985): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02331888508801849.
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Timbare, R., and M. Bušmanis. "Environmentally Friendly Nitrogen Fertilizers Appplication for Winter Cereals Considering the Mineral Nitrogen Content in Soil." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 26, 2006): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2003vol1.2019.
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In order to improve nitrogen fertilizers application recommendations for cereals, the soil mineral nitrogen (Nmin) investigations (1995 – 2000) were carried out on sod – podzolic and brown – lesssive loamy sand and loamy soils in co-operation with other research institutions. The soil samples for determination of NO3 – N and NH4 – N were taken in depth 0 - 20, 21 – 40 and 41 – 60 cm in spring before the start of growth on winter cereals fields, but in 2001,2002- also in autumn before the sowing of winter cereals. Data on soil properties, the amount of precipitation in autumn (August 1 until the first decade with the average temperature below 5 oC), preceding crops and the use of organic fertilizers at sites of investigations were considered. The determination of NO3 – N and NH4 – N content was carried out in wet soil samples using for extraction 1 M KCl. Statistical analysis of data obtained in spring has been carried out using MS EXCEL function CORREL, CORRELATION, REGRESSION and SPSS 8.0 for Windows (GLM procedure). According to this analysis the following model (R2 = 0,527) was elaborated: y = 103.513 – 13.515|X1=1 – 0.247·X3 – 27.069|X2=0 – 42.945|X2=1 – 39.044|X2=2 – 16.022|X2=3 – 44.212|X2=4 + 0.104·X3|X2=0 + 0.181·X3|X2=1+ 0.187·X3|X2=2 +0.117·X3|X2=3+0.175·X3|X2=4, where y- predicted Nmin content in spring in 0- 40 cm soil layer, kg ha-1; 103.513 – intercept; X3 – amount of precipitation in autumn, mm; X1 – soil texture; X1=1 – loamy sand soils, X2 – predecessor; X2=0 – cereals; X2=1 – perennial grass; X2=2 – tilled crops; X2=3 – legumes; X2=4 – green manure crops; X2=5- fallow. On the basis of this model and data on meteorological conditions at different sites of Latvia the recommendations on correction N top - dressing application rates for winter cereals in spring were prepared.
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Ivan Faizal. "Pengaruh Pelatihan, Disiplin dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai PT.Bank Mega Tbk." JURNAL BUANA INFORMATIKA CBI 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.53918/jbicbi.v5i1.26.
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Pengaruh pelatihan kerja (X1), disiplin kerja (X2), dan motivasi (X3) secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja karyawan (Y) ditunjukkan dengan nilai regresi X1,X2, dan X3 terhadap Y r=0,944 artinya pengaruh pelatihan kerja (X1), disiplin kerja (X2), dan motivasi (X3) terhadap kinerja karyawan (Y) sangat kuat, dan pengaruhnya + (positif) artinya semakin tinggi pelatihan kerja (X1), disiplin kerja (X2), dan motivasi kerja (X3) maka pekerjaan juga meningkatkan kinerja karyawan (Y) pada PT. Bank Mega Tbk.
Kata Kunci : Kerja Praktek, Disiplin Kerja, Motivasi, Ferfomance
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Chakraborty, Manishita. "105.23 Visual proofs of x3 + y3 = (x + y)(x2 - xy + y2) and x3 - y3 = (x - y)(x2 + xy + y2)." Mathematical Gazette 105, no. 563 (June 21, 2021): 303–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mag.2021.66.
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Presic, Slavisa. "A simple algorithm for proving a class of inequalities." Publikacije Elektrotehnickog fakulteta - serija: matematika, no. 17 (2006): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/petf0617018p.
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Let E(x1,...,xn) be an expression of the form A1?a11x1+???+a1nxn+b1?+???+Am?am1x1+???+am1xn+bm?+?1x1+???+Bnxn+C, where Ai aij, bi, Bj, C are any real numbers. In this paper we introduce an algorithm Elim, by which one can establish whether for all x1,..., xn ? R the inequality E(x1,...,xn)?0 holds, where ? can be > or ?. Such an example is the following inequality ?x1?x2?x3?-?x1+x2?-?x1+x3?-?x2+x3?+?x1+x2+x3??0 which originated from H. Hornich [2]. All results can be transferred to any ordered field.
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Sudiartini, Ni Wayan Ari, Ni Ketut Murdani, and Ni Kadek Noviantari. "Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Harga, Dan Promosi Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Sepeda Motor Yamaha Pada CV. Fuji Jaya Motor Gianyar." Jurnal Ilmiah Satyagraha 1, no. 2 (June 8, 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47532/jis.v1i2.43.
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In accordance with the results of the study and the above discussion about the problem of the relationship between independent and dependent variables can be explained as follows: Obtained t-count (X1) -0.790 and significance of 0.432 means that the variable (X1) "insignificant" to the variable (Y), obtained -calculate (X2) 11,890 and Significance 0,000 means is Variable (X2) "significant" to Variable (Y), Obtained t-count (X3) 5,166 and Significance 0,000 means that variable (X3) "significant" to Variable (Y), Obtained t-count (X1) -0,790 and Significance 0,432 means that variable (X1) "insignificant" to Variable (Y) t-count (X1) -0,790 t-table -1,661 means that Variable (X1) is not significant to Variables (Y). Obtained t-count (X2) 11,890 and Significance 0,000 means that the variable (X2) "significant" to Variable (Y) t-count (X2) 11,890 t-table 1.661 means that Variable (X2) is significant to Variables (Y). Obtained t-count (X3) 5.166 and Significance 0,000 means that the variable (X3) "significant" to the variable (Y) t-count (X3) 5.166 t-table 1.661 means that the variable (X3) is significant to the variable (Y). That the hypothesis in this study simultaneously proved all Variables (X) had a significant effect on Variables (Y). While the hypothesis partially except Variable (X1) is not proven, and Variables (X2, and X3) proved to have a significant effect on Variables (Y).
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Jung, Soon-Mo, and Prasanna K. Sahoo. "A functional equation characterizing cubic polynomials and its stability." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 27, no. 5 (2001): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0161171201005348.
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Daigle, Daniel, and Gene Freudenburg. "Triangular Derivations of k[X1,X2,X3,X4]." Journal of Algebra 241, no. 1 (July 2001): 328–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jabr.2001.8763.
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Torres, Alexandr, Lorenzo-Enrique Hernández-Castellano, Antonio Morales-delaNuez, Davinia Sánchez-Macías, Isabel Moreno-Indias, Noemi Castro, Juan Capote, and Anastasio Argüello. "Short-term effects of milking frequency on milk yield, milk composition, somatic cell count and milk protein profile in dairy goats." Journal of Dairy Research 81, no. 3 (May 27, 2014): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029914000211.
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Goats in Canary Islands are milked once a day by tradition, but in most countries with high technology on farms, goats are milked twice a day, which is known to improve milk yield. Therefore it is important to know whether the increase of milking frequency can improve the production without impairing milk quality. The objective of this study was to investigate the short term effects of three milking frequencies on milk yield, milk composition, somatic cell count (SCC) and milk protein profile in dairy goats traditionally milked once a day. Twelve Majorera goats in early lactation (48±4 d in milk) were used. During a 5-week period, goats were milked once a day (X1) in weeks 1 and 5, twice a day (X2) in weeks 2 and 4, and three times a day (X3) in week 3. Milk recording and sampling were done on the last day of each experimental week. Milk yield increased by 26% from X1 to X2. No differences were obtained when goats were switched from X2 to X3, and from X3 to X2. The goats recovered the production level when they returned to X1. Different patterns of changes in the milk constituents due to the milking frequency effect were observed. Fat percentage increased when switched from X1 to X2, then decreased from X2 to X3, and from X3 to X2, whereas it did not show significant differences from X2 to X1. Milking frequency did not affect the protein and lactose percentages. SCC values were unaffected when goats were milked X1, X2 and X3, but then they increased slightly when milking frequency was returned to X2 and X1. Finally, quantitative analysis showed an increase in intensities of milk protein bands from X1 to X2, but the intensities of casein bands (αS1-CN, αS2-CN, β-CN, κ-CN) and major whey proteins (α-La, β-Lg) decreased from X2 to X3.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "X2 and X3"
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Hakachite, Christopher. "[EMBARGOED] Analysis of cereal cyst nematode resistance mechanisms in barley." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/120235.
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Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is a widely grown, valuable cereal crop that is affected by various pests including nematodes. The cereal cyst nematode (CCN) Heterodera avenae is the most widely distributed and damaging species of nematodes to cereal crops grown in temperate regions, including Australia, and is estimated to cause global annual losses of around $160 billion. The use of cultivars resistant to H. avenae is the preferred approach for nematode management and four resistance loci, Rha1, Rha2, Rha3 and Rha4, have been mapped. The Rha4 locus was mapped in the Galleon/Haruna Nijo population to chromosome 5H and since Rha2 and Rha4 provide the most effective resistance against the Australian H. avenae pathotype Ha13 they have been widely used in barley breeding. Despite CCN resistance loci having been mapped in barley and other cereals, no resistance genes have been isolated and characterized. Recently both Rha2 and Rha4 have been fine-mapped and near-diagnostic markers have been developed to provide simple tools for selection. Fine-mapping indicates that approximately 105 genes are linked to the Rha4 locus, including cell wall-related genes predicted to encode (1-4)-β-xylan endohydrolases, also known as xylanases. This thesis reports on experiments that were undertaken to better understand the resistance conferred by Rha4 and to investigate the functions of the xylanases as prime candidate genes. The xylanase genes at the Rha4 locus were cloned and analysed for allelic differences between sequences from the cultivars Sloop (susceptible) and Flagship (Rha4-resistant). Although genes X1 and X2 have been characterised, the X3 gene has not been well described previously. The genomic sequences were used in reciprocal transformation experiments where, under the control of the 35S promoter, the genes from Sloop were transformed into a Flagship background, and vice versa. Tube tests were used to investigate any changes in nematode infection responses, and therefore resistance status, but no significant alterations were detected. However, overexpression of the xylanase genes proved to be detrimental to the overall health of the plant. The xylanases were concomitantly heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and the X2 protein was characterized in terms of substrate preference and catalytic rate. In more general approaches not directly linked to Rha4 genotype, the natural variation in root polysaccharide amount and distribution, with a focus on (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and arabinoxylan, was surveyed in a selection of susceptible and resistant barley cultivars. The effect of changes in amount of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan was also examined through infection of the betaglucanless mutant and transgenic lines carrying either the overexpressed or silenced (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan synthase CslF6 gene. Variable amounts of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan did not correlate to rates of nematode infection and no clear patterns of polysaccharide profiles could be linked to susceptible or resistant cultivar status. Finally, RNA sequencing was used to profile transcript changes in nematode infected and control Sloop and Flagship roots up to 24 days post inoculation. The patterns of the 105 genes linked to the Rha4 locus were extracted and a set of 27 genes which showed significant fold changes across the time course were profiled. Of these, three strong candidate genes were selected which are differentially expressed in the two cultivars and are involved in biochemical pathways that are feasibly linked to resistance mechanisms. Their putative roles in conferring resistance and how this might be tested were discussed.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, 2019
Books on the topic "X2 and X3"
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Padwick. Outlook 2000 X3, Word 2000 X2, Access 2000 X2 and Excel 2000 X3. Pearson Education, Limited, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "X2 and X3"
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Claridge, R. F. C. "14.2.4 Sulfuranyl radicals of the type X-S•-R2, X2–S•-R, S•X3, S•X4." In Landolt-Börnstein - Group II Molecules and Radicals, 138–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45824-1_13.
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Smullyan, Raymond M. "Recursive Enumerability and Recursivity." In Recursion Theory for Metamathematics. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195082326.003.0005.
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Having proved that Peano Arithmetic is incomplete, we can ask another question about the system. Is there any algorithm (mechanical procedure) by which we can determine which sentences are provable in the system and which are not? This brings us to the subject of recursive function theory, to which we now turn. we are denning a relation (or set) to be r.e. (recursively enumerable) iff it is Σ1, and to be recursive iff it and its complement are r.e. An equivalent definition of recursive enumerability is represent ability in some finitely axiomatizable system (as we will prove). Many other characterizations of recursive enumerability and recursivity can be found in the literature (cf., e.g., Kleene [1952], Turing [1936], Post [1944], Smullyan [1961], Markov [1961]), but the Σ1-characterization fits in best with the overall plan of this volume. The fact that so many different and independently formulated definitions turn out to be equivalent adds support to a thesis proposed by Church—namely that any function that is effectively calculable in the intuitive sense is a recursive function. Interesting discussions of Church’s thesis can be found in Kleene [1952] and Rogers [1967]. In this chapter, we establish a few basic properties of recursive enumerability that will be needed in just about all the chapters that follow. §1. Some Closure Properties. It will be convenient to regard sets as special cases of relations (sets are thus relations of one argument or relations of degree 1). It will be convenient to use the l-notation “λx1,...,xn : (...)”, read “the set of all n-tuples (x1,..., xn) such that (...)”. For example, for any relation λ(x1, x2, x3), the relation λx1x2x3: R(x2 x2, x3) is the set of all triples (x1,x2,x3) (of natural numbers) such that R(x2,x2,x1) holds. we sometimes write “x: (. . . )” for “λx: ( . . . ) ”.
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Oertel, Gerhard. "Fields." In Stress and Deformation. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195095036.003.0006.
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A scalar determined at every point in a given domain, analytically or otherwise, constitutes a scalar field. Vectors similarly determined constitute a vector field. The defining analytical expressions of a three-dimensional field are commonly differentiable with respect to space; hence in a cartesian coordinate system they are amenable to partial differentiation with respect to x1, x2, and x3. In this context it is useful to define several differential operators. The operator ∇ is called the “del” or the “nabla” and is defined as follows: . . . ∇ ≡ i 𝜕/𝜕x1+j 𝜕/𝜕x2+k 𝜕/𝜕x3, (2.1) . . . or: . . . (∇)i ≡ 𝜕/𝜕xi. (2.2) . . . It can be seen that the del is a vector. By convention, however, it is not rendered in boldface. Before we define additional differential operators, we extend the subscript notation further and let a subscribed comma indicate partial differentiation. A comma preceding a letter subscript, say i, is taken to imply differentiation with respect to xi. Thus, if φ (xi) is a scalar function of position and thus defines a scalar field, its gradient, another differential operator, is defined by the equation: . . . (grad φ)i ≡ φ,i≡ 𝜕 φ/𝜕xi. (2.3) . . . Thus the gradient of a scalar is a vector.
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"Characterizing the distributions of the random vectors X1, X2, X3 by the distribution of the statistic (X1 -X3, X2 - X 3)." In Vol. 2, 535–40. De Gruyter, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783112313985-047.
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Ting, T. T. C. "The Lekhnitskii Formalism." In Anisotropic Elasticity. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195074475.003.0007.
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A two-dimensional deformation means that the displacements ui, (i= 1,2,3) or the stresses σij depend on x1 and x2 only. Among several formalisms for two-dimensional deformations of anisotropic elastic materials the Lekhnitskii (1950, 1957) formalism is the oldest, and has been extensively employed by the engineering community. The Lekhnitskii formalism essentially generalizes the Muskhelishvili (1953) approach for solving two-dimensional deformations of isotropic elastic materials. The formalism begins with the stresses and assumes that they depend on x1 and x2 only. The Stroh formalism, to be introduced in the next chapter, starts with the displacements and assumes that they depend on x1 and x2 only. Therefore the Lekhnitskii formalism is in terms of the reduced elastic compliances while the Stroh formalism is in terms of the elastic stiffnesses. It should be noted that Green and Zerna (1960) also proposed a formalism for two-dimensional deformations of anisotropic elastic materials. Their approach however is limited to materials that possess a symmetry plane at x3=0. The derivations presented below do not follow exactly those of Lekhnitskii.
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Chimenti, Dale, Stanislav Rokhlin, and Peter Nagy. "Guided Waves in Plates and Rods." In Physical Ultrasonics of Composites. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195079609.003.0009.
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In this chapter we consider elastic wave modes which propagate in composites with finite boundaries. There are those waves that exist between the two plane parallel boundaries of a homogeneous anisotropic solid. We consider that well-known problem, as well as waves in an elastic anisotropic rod, specifically an individual graphite fiber. Composite laminates seen in applications are essentially all multilayered structures, and in many cases can be considered periodically layered. So, we also take up the subject of guided waves in layered plates in later chapters. In a plate geometry, as illustrated in Fig. 5.1, we choose the propagation direction to be parallel to the x1 axis and the x3 axis to be normal to the plate surfaces. This geometry is particularly significant for composite materials since, by design, laminates are often locally planar in nature. While the solutions we find are appropriate for flat plates, with some modifications they describe wave motion in gently curved structures as well. Clear and mathematically straightforward descriptions of the characteristics of plate waves exist for isotropic media. The results obtained for isotropic media are not, however, directly applicable to most composites. We begin by considering the behavior of waves in a uniaxial composite laminate. In later chapters we generalize the calculation to layered orthotropic media, concentrating on the results and physical interpretation rather than the algebraic details. To begin a description of waves in plates, let us consider the possible polarizations of particle motion. Let the plate surfaces lie in the (x1, x2) plane of mirror symmetry with the origin dividing the plate thickness in half, as shown in Fig. 5.1. Then, we will at first assume the wave to be uniform in the x2 direction and propagating in the x1 direction, and (x1, x3) is the plane of symmetry. Particle motion can occur along any axis. Note that in this restricted symmetry, shear partial waves polarized along the x2 axis will have no component of particle motion normal to the plate surfaces. Partial waves are a concept introduced by Rayleigh to acknowledge that a superposition of both shear and longitudinal particle motion is generally needed to produce plate waves polarized in the vertical plane.
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Kraus, Eric B., and Joost A. Businger. "Basic Concepts." In Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction. Oxford University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195066180.003.0005.
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Both Cartesian tensor and vector notation will be used in this text. The notation xi means the i-component of the vector x = (x1 x2, x3). When used in the argument of a function [e.g., f(xi)], xi, represents the whole vector, so that f(xi) stands for f(xl,x2,x3). Repeated indices indicate summations over all coordinate directions, (uiui = u2i = u21 + u22 + u23). Two special and frequently used tensors are the unit tensor δij and the alternating tensor ∊ijk. The unit tensor has components equal to unity for i = j and zero for i ≠ j. The alternating tensor has components equal to +1 when the indices are in cyclical sequence 1, 2, 3 or 2, 3, 1 or 3, 1,2; equal to -1 when the indices are not cyclical; and equal to zero when two indices are the same. The vorticity vector is defined by the relation The symbol = is used throughout to represent a definition or identity. Conditions near the sea surface are usually very anisotropic. It is often desirable to distinguish between the horizontal and vertical directions. We shall do so by using an x, y, z coordinate system with the origin at mean sea level and the z -axis pointing upward. Unless otherwise specified, the x and y directions will be toward east and north. The vertical velocity will be denoted by W; the horizontal velocity by the vector U with components U and V. Unity vectors in the x, y, z directions are denoted by i, j, k. The usual vector operation symbols will be used only to represent operations within the horizontal plane. For example, In a fluid one has to distinguish between local changes and changes that are experienced by an individual fluid element as it moves about. The former can be recorded by a fixed sensor and is represented by the partial time differential. The individual change could only be recorded by a sensor that would float with the element. It is denoted by the total time differential In a treatise that covers such a variety of topics, some use of the same symbols for different properties is inevitable.
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Ting, T. T. C. "Linear Anisotropic Elastic Materials." In Anisotropic Elasticity. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195074475.003.0005.
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The relations between stresses and strains in an anisotropic elastic material are presented in this chapter. A linear anisotropic elastic material can have as many as 21 elastic constants. This number is reduced when the material possesses a certain material symmetry. The number of elastic constants is also reduced, in most cases, when a two-dimensional deformation is considered. An important condition on elastic constants is that the strain energy must be positive. This condition implies that the 6×6 matrices of elastic constants presented herein must be positive definite. Referring to a fixed rectangular coordinate system x1, x2, x3, let σij and εks be the stress and strain, respectively, in an anisotropic elastic material. The stress-strain law can be written as . . . σij = Cijksεks . . . . . .(2.1-1). . . in which Cijks are the elastic stiffnesses which are components of a fourth rank tensor. They satisfy the full symmetry conditions . . . Cijks = Cjiks, Cijks = Cijsk, Cijks = Cksij. . . . . . .(2.1-2). . .
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Bayly, Brian. "Nonhydrostatic Stress." In Chemical Change in Deforming Materials. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195067644.003.0011.
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As in the chapters on chemical potential, it will again be assumed that the reader has thought about the topic before, so that our task is to select rather than to build. The interior of a continuous sample contains many small volumes and small areas, on any of which attention can be focused. A small internal area has the property that, across it, the material on one side exerts a normal force and a tangential force on the material on the other side. Let the normal force be F and the area A; then the ratio F/A approaches a limit as the size of A approaches zero. Thus we define the magnitude of the normal stress at a point across an infinitesimal area of a particular orientation. If we set up Cartesian coordinates so that the orientation of the area can be specified by the direction of its normal then, at a point, for every direction vector there is a normal-stress magnitude. The stress may be compressive or tensile, and in this text we treat compressions as positive. It is possible to imagine a universe where space itself has an attribute of left-handedness or right-handedness, or where space does not but materials do. But if we set these possibilities aside and use ordinary ideas about symmetry, it follows that at any point where stresses exist inside a continuum, there are three orthogonal planes across which the tangential stress is zero; these planes suffer only normal stresses. The planes themselves are principal planes, their normals are the three principal directions at the point and the normal-stress magnitudes are the principal stress magnitudes. The largest, intermediate, and smallest normal compressions will be designated σ 1, σ 2 and σ 3, respectively; for most of what follows we shall designate the directions along which these compressions act as x1, x2, and x3 (so that the plane compressed by stress σ 1 has x1 for its normal), and we shall use x1, x2, and x3 as axes for a local Cartesian system with which other planes and directions at the point can be specified. In particular, for any direction through the point, a unit vector can be imagined (magnitude = 1 unit of length); its components along the three axes will be called n1, n2, and n3, combining to give the unit vector n.
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Chimenti, Dale, Stanislav Rokhlin, and Peter Nagy. "Fundamentals of Composite Elastic Properties." In Physical Ultrasonics of Composites. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195079609.003.0005.
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In this chapter, we review the mechanical behavior of composites considered from a macroscopic perspective, i.e., the microscopic heterogeneity of the material is ignored in this treatment. Our objective is to provide an overview of the basic composite constitutive behavior and to set the notation for the subsequent chapters. To establish this framework, we draw on concepts from continuum mechanics and elasticity, both of which are also covered by specialized books on these topics. The results in this chapter are important for us because they provide the theoretical framework for all the elastic wave phenomena we describe in detail in the subsequent chapters. Stress in a solid body is measured in force per unit area; there are normal stresses, acting along a normal to the infinitesimal element of the area, and shear (tangential) stresses, acting in the plane of the element. Let us assume that an infinitesimal traction force dT acts on an infinitesimal surface element dA = ndA, where n denotes the normal unit vector of the surface element. In index notation, the stress tensor is then defined through . . . dTi = σijdAj. (1.1) . . . The sign convention for the stress tensor in a Cartesian coordinate system is shown in Fig. 1.1. The choice of coordinate system is arbitrary, but for the sake of simplicity and concreteness, let us develop the relationships in a Cartesian system. They can all be generalized at a later time. Only the stress components acting on the surface elements with positive normal vectors are shown for clarity. On the surface elements with negative normal vectors, the stress directions are opposite. Conventionally, the first index indicates the normal of the surface the stress component is acting upon and the second index indicates the direction of the resulting traction force (however, we will show shortly that equilibrium conditions require that the stress tensor be symmetric, therefore the order of the indices is only of academic importance). For example, σ11 is the normal stress acting on the x2, x3 plane in the x1 direction, σ12 is the shear stress acting on the same plane in the x2 direction, and so forth.
Conference papers on the topic "X2 and X3"
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Liew, SH, and WL Law. "Reliable ultra-low-loop bonding approach on X2/X3 thin QFN." In 2012 35th IEEE/CPMT International Electronics Manufacturing Technology Conference (IEMT). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iemt.2012.6521768.
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Hasanyan, Davresh J., Satenik Harutyunyan, and Robert B. Davis. "Modeling of Ferromagnetic-Ferroelectric-Substrate Multilayer Composites: Optimization of Volume Ratio Effect." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-40059.
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The volume ratio between piezoelectric and magnetostrictive phases is an important parameter for magneto-electric (ME) composites. The ME voltage coefficients can be enhanced greatly at optimum volume ratio. However, no previous report has focused on the study of the volume ratio effect on ferromagnetic-ferroelectric-substrate multilayer composites. We consider an arbitrary laminated structure of length 2L and N layers. In this case, there is no middle plane of the bar that can serve as a plane of symmetry. For simplicity we assume that the multilayer structure is two dimensional (i.e. bar structure), and the field functions depending only on the space coordinates X1, X2. In the Cartesian system of coordinates the X1 axis is directed along the bar length, the X2 -across the width, and X3 is orthogonal to X1 and X2. It is assumed that piezoelectric layers are poled in the X1 direction (L-L mode). It should be mentioned that the proposed theory can be successfully applied to multilayer structures when the polarization direction of the piezoelectric layers is along the X2 direction, or when some of them are along the X1, and others along X2, or X3 directions. An averaging method is used for deriving effective material parameters of composites. We consider only (symmetric) extensional deformation in this model and at first ignore any (asymmetric) flexural deformations of the layers that would lead to a position dependent elastic constants and the need for other methods to be applied. Using the continuity conditions for magnetic and electric fields, as well as the open and closed circuit conditions, one obtains the analytic expression for longitudinal ME voltage coefficient, which depends on electro-mechanical material properties and thicknesses of the layers. Analytical expression for ME coefficient allows us to find the optimal volume ratio of layers, for which the ME coefficient approaches to its maximum value.
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Venkatraman, R., and R. Shanmugapriya. "Solution for heptic equation in Z* with five unknowns 4(X3-Y3) - 4(X2+Y2)+Z3-W3=2+31p7." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS: ICMTA2021. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0109087.
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Pires, Tiago de Azevedo, DIEGO RESENDE RODRIGUES, MARCO ANTÔNIO ZANONI, and MATHEUS PIRES RINCÃO. "DESCRIÇÃO PRELIMINAR DO NÚMERO DIPLÓIDE DE UMA ESPÉCIE DE ACANTHOSCURRIA." In III Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências Biologicas. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/iii-conbracib/8500.
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Introdução: A família Theraphosidae é conhecida por possuir espécies de pequeno a grande porte, distribuídos por todos os continentes, exceto a Antártida, conhecidas popularmente no Brasil por aranhas caranguejeiras. Dos 154 gêneros e 1032 espécies dessa família, somente 14 gêneros e 19 espécies estão descritas citogeneticamente, o número diplóide de Theraphosidae apresenta uma grande variação, desde 2n=16 a 2n= 110 com sistemas cromossômicos sexuais variando de X0, X1 X20, X1 X2 X3 a X1 X2 X3 X4. Objetivo: Esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar o número diplóide de Acanthoscurria sp.. Metodologia: Foi coletado um indivíduo fêmea de Acanthoscurria sp. em uma propriedade rural próxima ao município de Itacarambi (15°07'49.0"Sul 44°08'10.1"Oeste), pelo método de busca ativa. O indivíduo foi mantido em um terrário até a postura da ooteca, quatro ovos foram abertos cerca de 15 dias após a postura, foram tratados com 150 µL de solução de colchicina 0,08% por uma hora, depois foi adicionado o mesmo volume de KCl 0,075M por 30 min. Após esse tempo foi adicionado 1 mL de fixador Carnoy (3:1 Metanol:Ácido Acético). Os embriões foram fragmentados e macerados sobre lâmina de vidro em ácido acético 60%, a qual foi aquecida a 40º C para fixação do material à lâmina, posteriormente corada com giemsa 5% e fotografada em fotomicroscópio Zeiss Axio Scope A1. Resultados: Foram observadas 36 células, incluindo os 4 indivíduos, o que permitiu estabelecer o número diplóide de 57 cromossomos. Os cromossomos observados apresentaram morfologia variando de metacêntrica, submetacêntrica a acrocêntrica. Conclusão: Até o momento há apenas uma espécie de Acanthoscurria Ausserer, 1871 cariotipada, Acanthoscurria gomesiana Mello-Leitão, 1923, que apresentou 2n = 43-46. O presente estudo observou um 2n muito superior ao descrito anteriormente, o que reforça a necessidade de mais estudos citogenéticos para o gênero, a fim de compreender quais eventos evolutivos podem ter contribuídos para uma variação tão ampla nos cariótipos dentro do grupo. Nossos dados também apontam para uma diversidade citogenética bastante ampla em Acanthoscurria, evidenciando uma grande lacuna de conhecimento sobre o grupo.
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Hanun, Nur Ravita, Aisha Hanif, and Muhammad Yani. "Transfer Knowledge Dosen Akuntansi Pada Masa Pandemi." In SEMINAR NASIONAL DAN CALL FOR PAPER 2020 FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH JEMBER. UM Jember Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32528/psneb.v0i0.5216.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris : 1) Peran IT 2) Pengaruh proses pembelajaran akuntansi 3) Respon Institusi atas Covid-19 terhadap Kinerja Mengajar dosen Akuntansi Dengan Transfer Knowledge Sebagai Variabel Intervening, yang terdiri dari tiga variabel bebas yaitu Peran IT(X1), Proses Pembelajaran Akuntansi (X2), Respon Institusi atas Covid-19 (X3) dengan variabel terikat Kinerja Mengajar Dosen Akuntansi (Y), dan variabel intervening Transfer Knowledge (Z). Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari jawaban kuesioner yang di sebarkan kepada Bapak / Ibu Dosen Akuntansi Se-Indonesia. Kuesinoner disebarkan melalui link geogle from, responden yang mengisi berjumlah 124 Orang. Teknik analisis menggunakan data yang meliputi outer model, inner model dan analisis jalur dengan program Smart PLS 3.0. Hasil penelitian ini adalah proses pembelajaran akuntansi dan respon institusi atas covid-19 memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja mengajar dosen akuntansi dan dimediasi oleh transfer knowledge
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Jesevičiūtė-Ufartienė, Laima, and Greta Brusokaitė. "ORGANIZACINĖS TYLOS VEIKSNIŲ RAIŠKA UGDYMO ĮSTAIGOSE." In 23rd Conference for Young Researchers "Economics and Management". Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/vvf.2020.003.
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Organizacijos tobulinimas ir jos prisitaikymas prie kintančių sąlygų konkurencingoje aplinkoje priklauso nuo darbuotojų galimybių laisvai pateikti savo žinias, norus, pasiūlymus ir iniciatyvas apie organizacijos pokyčius ir plėtrą. Jeigu darbuotojai neturi šių galimybių ar jaučiasi nepatogiai savo darbinėje aplinkoje, kyla grėsmė atsirasti organizacinei tylai. Šis reiškinys kuria neigiama pasekmes individualiai darbuotojui, tiek ir pačiai organizacijai bei jos teikiamų paslaugų kokybei, o tai, ypač, svarbu švietimo sektoriui, kadangi šias paslaugas gauna kiekvienas šalies pilietis. Tad šio straipsnio tikslas, remiantis moksliniais šaltiniais, jų analize bei empiriniu tyrimu, ištirti organizacinės tylos veiksnių pasireiškimą ugdymo įstaigose. Tyrimui pasirinkta trys ugdymo įstaigos (X1, X2, X3 – įstaigos norėjo išlikti konfidencialios), kuriose buvo atlikta apklausa. Empirinio tyrimo duomenų analizei buvo taikytas daugiakriterinis TOPSIS metodas. Jis leido pastebėti, kad organizacinės tylos veiksnių raiška trijose ugdymo įstaigose yra skirtinga. Kadangi raiška kiekvienoje mokykloje skiriasi, galime daryti prielaidą, kad norint ištirti organizacinės tylos priežastis ir pasekmes reikia, kur kas platesnių tyrimų atskirai kiekvienai ugdymo įstaigai.
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Sambinelli, M., C. N. Da Silva, and O. Lee. "Diperfect Digraphs." In III Encontro de Teoria da Computação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/etc.2018.3173.
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Let D be a digraph. A path partition P of D is a collection of paths such that {V (P ) : P 2 P } is a partition of V (D). We say D is ↵ -diperfect if for every maximum stable set S of D there exists a path partition P of D such that |S \ V (P )| = 1 for all P 2 P and this property holds for every induced subdigraph of D. A digraph C is an anti-directed odd cycle if (i) the underlying graph of C is a cycle x1x2 · · · x2k+1x1, where k 2, (ii) the longest path in C has length 2, and (iii) each of the vertices x1, x2, x3, x4, x6, x8, . . . , x2k is either a source or a sink. Berge (1982) conjectured that a digraph D is ↵ -diperfect if, and only if, D contains no induced anti-directed odd cycle. In this work, we verify this conjecture for digraphs whose underlying graph is series-parallel and for in-semicomplete digraphs.
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Kırıkoğlu, Mert, Melih Savran, and Levent Aydın. "Optimization of Process Parameters for Minimum Acceleration on Turning Machine by Using Stepwise Nonlinear Regression Analysis." In 6th International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2022.037.
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The surface finish, dimensional, and geometrical tolerances of the machined workpiece are all influenced by machine tool vibration. This paper aims to minimize the acceleration during cast iron processing on a turning machine by using Stepwise Neuro Regression modeling and stochastic optimization methods. The data set regarding the turning process was selected from the literature. The effect of machining parameters, spindle speed (x1), feed rate (x2), and depth of cut (x3) on acceleration was investigated by Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Stepwise regression analysis was employed to express the experimental results mathematically, and different types of mathematical models were proposed. The goodness of fit parameter "R2" was utilized as a model assessment criterion. The best successive model was selected as an objective function for the optimization process. Algorithms: Differential Evolution, Nelder-Mead, Simulated Annealing, and Random Search were used to find the best design in terms of minimum acceleration and corresponding design variables. It was found that the polynomial model is appropriate to indicate the efficiency of turning design parameters on machining acceleration. As a result, the minimum acceleration was obtained as 0.97 m/s2 for the following design variables: spindle speed of 125 rpm, feed rate of 0.067 mm/rev, and dept cut of 1 mm.
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Musabbikhah and Suranto. "Analysis Model of Physical Characteristics Sawdust Materials Through the Carbonization Process." In 5th International Conference on Advanced Materials Science. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-ng2544.
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Environmental contamination might result from sawdust waste that has not been adequately managed. However, waste has a high economic value. This study aimed to analyze the characteristic model of sawdust after the carbonization process. The research method used the L9(3)4 Orthogonal Array experiment. The research variables included: drying temperature (X1), drying time (X2), carbonization temperature (X3), and carbonization time (X4), each with three levels of factors. The research response variables were moisture content (Y1), volatile matter (Y2), ash (Y3), and fixed carbon (Y4) of sawdust charcoal. The results showed that the average moisture content was 0.9%, volatile matter 8.3%, ash content 8.29%, and fixed carbon content 82.51%. According to the outcomes of multiple linear regression analysis, the correlation coefficients (R) of the four were very significant for moisture content, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon of 0.865, 0.929, 0.987, and 0.935, respectively. The optimum conditions obtained were water content X1-2X2-3X3-3X4-3, volatile material X1-1X2-1X3-1X4-1, ash content X1-1X2-1X3-1X4-1, and carbon content X1-2X2-1X3-1X4-1. The outcomes of the sawdust charcoal proximate analysis model validation test were normally distributed, and there was no homoscedasticity, multicollinearity, or negative autocorrelation. Thus, the four models produced in this study were feasible and valid so that they could use them to predict the physical material characteristics of teak sawdust.
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Gentry, R., and Y. Nemerson. "THE ACTIVATION OF PROTHROMBIN: A LINKED REACTIVE KINETIC MODEL." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643932.
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Prothrombin activation by factors Xa and Va is complex, involving five linked reactions occurring either in a bulk fluid phase or in a local phospholipid (PL) surface phase, each controlled by both the fundamental energetics of the species interactions and the relevant reactant concentrations. The significance of each reaction and in particular the kinetic efficiency of the PL surface reactions is yet to be resolved. Previous essentially Michaelis-Menten kinetic treatments of prothrombin activation have been derived without concern for the kinetic influence of the order of reactant assembly or possible nonlinear effects induced by complex trapping of reactants, as observed in factor VIIa reactions (Nemerson and Gentry, Biochem. (1976) 25, 4020). We propose a general model to analyze and explain this and similar PL associated coagulation reactions. The mathematical model consist of a system of nonlinear first order differential equations:dX/dt - F(X(t),C(t),K); dC/dt - G(X(t),C(t),K), where the functionals F and G are derived from standard kinetic principles. To model prothrombin activation in this general setting the fluid and bound reactions are described by two parallel but linked systems, denoted S1(X,C,K) and S2(X*,C ,K*), respectively. In the linked relationship the primary constituents transfer between the systems, governed by a transfer component -T, resulting in a system of “linked-reactive” equations of the form:dX/dt = -F(X, C, K) - T ; dX*/dt = F*(X*,C*,K*) + T* , etc. A key consideration is to ensure that the concentrations of reactive species are relative to the reactive volume in which the kinetic interactions are to occur. The detailed equations for prothrombin activation involve for the bulk phase three primary variables X1, X2, and X3 corresponding to factors Va, Xa, and prothrombin, four complexes, Ci, and a duplicate stared set for the PL phase. After condensation the resultant system of 11 differential equations involves 28 kinetic parameters; this has significant implications for the ability to uniquely identify the parameters but poses no difficulties for its use as a predictive model via its numerical simulation for specific parameter values.