Journal articles: 'X-ray imaging technique'

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Feder, R., and V. Mayne-Banton. "X-Ray Contact Imaging: the Technique." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (August 1985): 596–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100119764.

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Until recently, instruments used to image small biological objects directly have involved the use of light microscopy or electron microscopy. Presently, the use of x-rays has emerged as another probe to investigate details in biological specimens. X-rays can be used either by using an x-ray “lens”, which will be discussed by others at this symposium or by a direct contact “print” of the object on a special emulsion. This latter method is what will be discussed in this paper.The object to be ‘photographed’ is prepared on a substrate and then placed in contact with a resist such as poly- methyl-methacrylate (PMMA). This polymer has the property that when it is exposed to x-rays and then placed in a solution of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) it will 'develop’ depending on the number of x-ray photons absorbed in the PMMA. This three dimensional relief structure is actually a photon density map of the specimen.

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Li, T. P. "Imaging in Hard X-ray Astronomy." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 214 (2003): 70–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900194173.

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The energy range of hard X-rays is a key waveband to the study of high energy processes in celestial objects, but still remains poorly explored. In contrast to direct imaging methods used in the low energy X-ray and high energy gamma-ray bands, currently imaging in the hard X-ray band is mainly achieved through various modulation techniques. A new inversion technique, the direct demodulation method, has been developed since early 90s. with this technique, wide field and high resolution images can be derived from scanning data of a simple collimated detector. The feasibility of this technique has been confirmed by experiment, balloon-borne observation and analyzing simulated and real astronomical data. Based the development of methodology and instrumentation, a high energy astrophysics mission – Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) has been proposed and selected in China for a four-year Phase-A study. The main scientific objectives are a full-sky hard X-ray (20–200 keV) imaging survey and high signal-to-noise ratio timing studies of high energy sources.

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Wakonig, Klaus, Ana Diaz, Anne Bonnin, Marco Stampanoni, Anna Bergamaschi, Johannes Ihli, Manuel Guizar-Sicairos, and Andreas Menzel. "X-ray Fourier ptychography." Science Advances 5, no. 2 (February 2019): eaav0282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav0282.

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To a large extent, the performance of imaging systems is determined by their objectives, which affect properties as varied as collection efficiency, resolving power, and image distortions. Such limitations can be addressed by so-called aperture synthesis, a technique used, for instance, in radar, astronomy, and, increasingly, microscopy. Here, we apply such techniques to x-ray imaging and demonstrate how Fourier ptychography can be used at transmission x-ray microscopes to increase resolution, provide quantitative absorption and phase contrast, and allow for corrections of lens aberrations. We anticipate that such methods will find common and frequent applications, alleviating a number of limitations imposed by x-ray optical elements, offering an alternative approach to phase contrast imaging, and providing novel opportunities to mitigate radiation damage.

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Morton, R. W., and K. C. Witherspoon. "Elemental X-Ray Imaging of Fossils." Advances in X-ray Analysis 36 (1992): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800018693.

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AbstractThis paper describes the imaging of fossils using elemental x-ray area mapping (EXAM). The technique utilizes a commercially available instrument originally designed for the silicon chip industry. The EXAM data are processed digitally with imaging software to remove surface irregularities and enhance specimen details. Applications of this technique to specimens with irregular surfaces are described.

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Levine, L. E., and G. G. Long. "X-ray imaging with ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering as a contrast mechanism." Journal of Applied Crystallography 37, no. 5 (September 11, 2004): 757–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889804016073.

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A new transmission X-ray imaging technique using ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) as a contrast mechanism is described. USAXS imaging can sometimes provide contrast in cases where radiography and phase-contrast imaging are unsuccessful. Images produced at different scattering vectors highlight different microstructural features within the same sample volume. When used in conjunction with USAXS scans, USAXS imaging provides substantial quantitative and qualitative three-dimensional information on the sizes, shapes and spatial arrangements of the scattering objects. The imaging technique is demonstrated on metal and biological samples.

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Egan, Christopher K., Simon D. M. Jacques, Thomas Connolley, Matthew D. Wilson, Matthew C. Veale, Paul Seller, and Robert J. Cernik. "Dark-field hyperspectral X-ray imaging." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 470, no. 2165 (May 8, 2014): 20130629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2013.0629.

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In recent times, there has been a drive to develop non-destructive X-ray imaging techniques that provide chemical or physical insight. To date, these methods have generally been limited; either requiring raster scanning of pencil beams, using narrow bandwidth radiation and/or limited to small samples. We have developed a novel full-field radiographic imaging technique that enables the entire physio-chemical state of an object to be imaged in a single snapshot. The method is sensitive to emitted and scattered radiation, using a spectral imaging detector and polychromatic hard X-radiation, making it particularly useful for studying large dense samples for materials science and engineering applications. The method and its extension to three-dimensional imaging is validated with a series of test objects and demonstrated to directly image the crystallographic preferred orientation and formed precipitates across an aluminium alloy friction stir weld section.

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JIBAOUI, H., and D. ERRE. "X-RAY REFLECTOMETRY AND TOTAL REFLECTION IMAGING: A NEW COMBINED X-RAY TECHNIQUE." Surface Review and Letters 08, no. 01n02 (February 2001): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x01000902.

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X-ray specular reflectivity measurement is a powerful method for investigating surfaces, and the shape analysis of the X-ray reflectivity curve provides a range of possibilities for the study of surface structure, thin layers and multilayers. The wide field applications of this technique in modern technology explains its increasing use. The typical equipment for this technique is usually a reflectometer with an angular scanning that requires a long time for studying a surface size of a few mm 2. This article proposes a new method for simultaneous detection of several experimental reflectivity curves without incidence angle scanning and thus with a shorter aquisition time, typically 2–60 s. The method is illustrated with a first experiment using a divergent X-ray beam and a 2D detector. Furthermore, such an approach provides a new imaging technique for the surface and interface. The images obtained that way can concern the direct visualization of isolated defects sited on a very flat surface or buried interface; a domain where the X-ray reflectivity cannot be used. The feasibility of X-ray images at grazing incidence has also been demonstrated. The technique will hereafter be noted as total reflection X-ray microscopy (TRXRM).

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Bergamaschi, Antoine, Kadda Medjoubi, Cédric Messaoudi, Sergio Marco, and Andrea Somogyi. "MMX-I: data-processing software for multimodal X-ray imaging and tomography." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 23, no. 3 (April 12, 2016): 783–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577516003052.

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A new multi-platform freeware has been developed for the processing and reconstruction of scanning multi-technique X-ray imaging and tomography datasets. The software platform aims to treat different scanning imaging techniques: X-ray fluorescence, phase, absorption and dark field and any of their combinations, thus providing an easy-to-use data processing tool for the X-ray imaging user community. A dedicated data input stream copes with the input and management of large datasets (several hundred GB) collected during a typical multi-technique fast scan at the Nanoscopium beamline and even on a standard PC. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first software tool that aims at treating all of the modalities of scanning multi-technique imaging and tomography experiments.

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Shiraga, Hiroyuki. "OS5-4 High-speed 2D X-ray Imaging by Image Sampling Technique Applied to Streak Cameras for Laser Fusion Research(Plasma and X-ray imaging,OS5 High-speed imaging and photonics,MEASUREMENT METHODS)." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2015.14 (2015): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2015.14.65.

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Li, Jungang, Yanling Xue, Bo Han, Qingnuan Li, Lixiang Liu, Tiqiao Xiao, and Wenxin Li. "Application of X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging Technique in Detection of Pulmonary Lesions Induced by Multi-WalledCarbon Nanotubes in Rats." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 7 (July 1, 2008): 3357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.112.

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With X-ray phase contrast imaging technique, the pulmonary lesions induced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes were preliminarily studied in this work. After 0.1, 1 and 2 mg nanotubes were delivered into lungs of rats via trachea, their acute pulmonary toxicity (at 5-day postexposure) was assessed using X-ray phase contrast, absorption contrast imaging and routine pathological slice techniques. As such, the long-term pulmonary toxicity (at 140-day postexposure), induced by single intratracheal instillation of 0.1 mg nanotubes, was assessed using X-ray phase contrast imaging and pathological slice techniques. As a consequence, the nanotubes could induce obvious density and structural integrity alternation in lung tissue at 5-day postexposure and granulomas at 140-day postexposure, and these pathologic lesions could be efficiently detected out with the phase imaging technique. By comparison, this technique not only gained advantage over the conventional X-ray absorption contrast imaging but also could supply the gap of routine pathological slice in detecting pulmonary lesions induced by carbon nanotubes. It is hoped that this work can act as an impetus for further application of phase imaging technique to nanotoxicology and to assessment of occupational safety of nanomaterials.

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Novikov, D. V., B. Adams, T. Hiort, E. Kossel, G. Materlik, R. Menk, and A. Walenta. "X-ray Holography for Structural Imaging." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 5, no. 3 (May 1, 1998): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049597020153.

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X-ray atomic resolution holography is a new method for direct evaluation of three-dimensional electron density distribution in solids. The practical implementation of the multiple-energy technique on a synchrotron radiation source as well as image reconstruction from the experimental data are described. Holograms at several different energies were processed together to suppress twin images and artifacts from long-range-order effects in the experimental data sets. Reconstructed images of copper atoms in Cu2O crystals are presented.

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Platunov, Mikhail S., Irina A. Gudim, Elena N. Ovchinnikova, Ksenia A. Kozlovskaya, Fabrice Wilhelm, Andrei Rogalev, Amir Hen, Vsevolod Y. Ivanov, Alexander A. Mukhin, and Vladimir E. Dmitrienko. "X-ray Natural Circular Dichroism Imaging of Multiferroic Crystals." Crystals 11, no. 5 (May 11, 2021): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11050531.

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The polarizing spectroscopy techniques in visible range optics have been used since the beginning of the 20th century to study the anisotropy of crystals based on birefringence and optical activity phenomena. On the other hand, the phenomenon of X-ray optical activity has been demonstrated only relatively recently. It is a selective probe for the element-specific properties of individual atoms in non-centrosymmetric materials. We report the X-ray Natural Circular Dichroism (XNCD) imaging technique which enables spatially resolved mapping of X-ray optical activity in non-centrosymmetric materials. As an example, we present the results of combining micro-focusing X-ray optics with circularly polarized hard X-rays to make a map of enantiomorphous twinning in a multiferroic SmFe3(BO3)4 crystal. Our results demonstrate the utility and potential of polarization-contrast imaging with XNCD as a sensitive technique for multiferroic crystals where the local enantiomorphous properties are especially important. In perspective, this brings a novel high-performance method for the characterization of structural changes associated with phase transitions and identification of the size and spatial distribution of twin domains.

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Nowak-Stępniowska, Agata, Wiktoria Kasprzycka, Paulina Natalia Osuchowska, Elżbieta Anna Trafny, Andrzej Bartnik, Henryk Fiedorowicz, and Przemysław Wachulak. "Nanometer-Resolution Imaging of Living Cells Using Soft X-ray Contact Microscopy." Applied Sciences 12, no. 14 (July 12, 2022): 7030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12147030.

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Soft X-ray microscopy is a powerful technique for imaging cells with nanometer resolution in their native state without chemical fixation, staining, or sectioning. The studies performed in several laboratories have demonstrated the potential of applying this technique for imaging the internal structures of intact cells. However, it is currently used mainly on synchrotrons with restricted access. Moreover, the operation of these instruments and the associated sample-preparation protocols require interdisciplinary and highly specialized personnel, limiting their wide application in practice. This is why soft X-ray microscopy is not commonly used in biological laboratories as an imaging tool. Thus, a laboratory-based and user-friendly soft X-ray contact microscope would facilitate the work of biologists. A compact, desk-top laboratory setup for soft X-ray contact microscopy (SXCM) based on a laser-plasma soft X-ray source, which can be used in any biological laboratory, together with several applications for biological imaging, are described. Moreover, the perspectives of the correlation of SXCM with other super-resolution imaging techniques based on the current literature are discussed.

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Zegenhagen, Jörg. "X-ray standing waves technique: Fourier imaging active sites." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 58, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 110502. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/1347-4065/ab4dec.

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Cash, Webster. "X-ray optics: a technique for high resolution imaging." Applied Optics 26, no. 14 (July 15, 1987): 2915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.26.002915.

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Iida, Atsuo, Mamoru Takahashi, Kenji Sakurai, and Yohichi Gohshi. "SR x‐ray fluorescence imaging by image reconstruction technique." Review of Scientific Instruments 60, no. 7 (July 1989): 2458–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140698.

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Zverev, D., I. Snigireva, V. Kohn, S. Kuznetsov, V. Yunkin, and A. Snigirev. "X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging Technique Using Bilens Interferometer." Microscopy and Microanalysis 24, S2 (August 2018): 164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927618013193.

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Jung, Sung Yong, Sungsook Ahn, Eunseok Seo, and Sang Joon Lee. "Detection of circulating tumor cellsviaan X-ray imaging technique." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 20, no. 2 (January 22, 2013): 324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s090904951204873x.

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Takeda, Tohoru, Atsushi Momose, Jin Wu, Quanwen Yu, Tsutomu Zeniya, Thet-Thet Lwin, Akio Yoneyama, and Yuji Itai. "Vessel Imaging by Interferometric Phase-Contrast X-Ray Technique." Circulation 105, no. 14 (April 9, 2002): 1708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000012752.35225.6c.

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Diemoz, P. C., M. Endrizzi, A. Bravin, I. K. Robinson, and A. Olivo. "Sensitivity of edge illumination X-ray phase-contrast imaging." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2010 (March 6, 2014): 20130128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2013.0128.

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Recently, we developed a theoretical model that can predict the signal-to-noise ratio for edge-like features in phase-contrast images. This model was then applied for the estimation of the sensitivity of three different X-ray phase-contrast techniques: propagation-based imaging, analyser-based imaging and grating interferometry. We show here how the same formalism can be used also in the case of the edge illumination (EI) technique, providing results that are consistent with those of a recently developed method for the estimation of noise in the retrieved refraction image. The new model is then applied to calculate, in the case of a given synchrotron radiation set-up, the optimum positions of the pre-sample aperture and detector edge to maximize the sensitivity. Finally, an example of the extremely high angular resolution achievable with the EI technique is presented.

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Callerame, Joseph. "X-ray backscatter imaging: Photography through barriers." Powder Diffraction 21, no. 2 (June 2006): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.2204054.

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X-ray imaging techniques based on Compton backscatter permit inspection and screening of sea containers, a wide variety of vehicles, luggage, and even people. In contrast to more commonly used transmission images, backscatter imaging involves positioning both source and detection apparatus on only one side of a target object. This presents the user with inspection opportunities in situations that may be extremely difficult, if not impossible, for transmission systems that require access by the detector subsystem to the opposing side of the target. The backscatter image is somewhat akin to a photograph of the contents of a closed container, taken through the container walls. Techniques for producing X-ray images based on Compton scattering will be discussed, along with wide-ranging examples of how systems based on these principles are used to perform inspections for both security applications and for the detection of contraband materials at ports and borders. Potential applications in the area of nondestructive evaluation will also be considered. Differences in the type of information displayed by transmission and backscatter images will be highlighted, and tradeoffs between backscatter image quality and interpretability, scan speed, effective penetration, and X-ray tube voltage will also be discussed. The method used in scanning the target object results in an extremely low radiation dose, a result that significantly broadens the application spectrum for this imaging technique.

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Cross, Brian J., and Kenny C. Witherspoon. "Integrated Electron and X-Ray Induced Microbeam XRF in the SEM." Microscopy Today 12, no. 4 (July 2004): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s155192950005478x.

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Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (ED-XRS or EDS) is a powerful and easy-to-use technique for the elemental analysis of a wide variety of materials. Most commonly, this technique is called X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), which classically uses x-ray photon sources to excite the sample. A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), of course, uses electrons as the excitation source for microbeam x-ray spectroscopy together with sample imaging using characteristic x-rays and/or secondary electrons. These two XRS techniques are used independently, although often the same sample is analysed by both, to provide complementary information.The advantages of both techniques have been reviewed several times [e.g. 1,2], SEM-EDS being more suited to imaging and microbeam quantitative compositional analysis and maps, and XRF more suited to accurate quantitative analysis, especially for trace elements, while analyzing a much larger area.

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Thilmany, Jean. "Solid X-ray." Mechanical Engineering 129, no. 07 (July 1, 2007): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2007-jul-4.

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This article presents details of research and development in the field of medical treatments using rapid prototyping. Many physicians are turning to rapid prototyping because it can give them models of their patients’ internal organs or bones. The plastic models are essentially printed in three dimensions from a patient’s computer tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans. The 3D models let doctors see and touch the diseased part of a patient’s anatomy as they will see it in the operating room. A medical team is adding a new technique called electron-beam melting, which relies upon melted titanium powder to produce implantable metal devices from CT-scan information. The technology, from Arcam of Boras, Sweden, builds up the metal parts via rapid prototyping. RP4Baghdad is a humanitarian effort founded in mid-2005 by members of the U.S. rapid prototyping and manufacturing industry. It calls upon rapid prototyping techniques to help treat Iraqi civilians with severe injuries to the head and face.

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Zhang, Xiaolin, Zijue Tang, Yi Wu, Oleg Devoino, Haowei Wang, and Hongze Wang. "Progress in in situ x-ray imaging of welding process." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 071501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0074042.

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Welding has been widely used in industry for hundreds of years, and pursuing higher weld quality requires a better understanding of the welding process. The x-ray imaging technique is a powerful tool to in situ observe the inner characteristics of the melt pool in the welding process. Here, current progress in in situ x-ray imaging of the welding process is concluded, including the experiments based on the laboratory-based single x-ray imaging system, the laboratory-based double x-ray imaging system, and the synchrotron radiation tomography system. The corresponding experimental results with the in situ x-ray imaging technique about the formation and evolution of the keyhole, melt pool, pore, solidification crack, etc., have been introduced. A new understanding of welding based on the current progress in in situ x-ray imaging of additive manufacturing is concluded. In addition, the future development trend of applying x-ray imaging technology in the field of monitoring the welding process is proposed.

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Ji Hee, Kim, Kim Kyung Ok, Lee Ae Kyung, Roh Mark S, and Suh Jeung Keun. "Germination of Corylopsis seeds evaluated by X-ray imaging and cold stratification." Horticultural Science 44, No. 2 (May 11, 2017): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/194/2015-hortsci.

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Effects of immersing seeds in water and X-ray imagining on germination of Corylopsis seed were investigated. Seeds that sank or floated were collected after immersing in water for 5 min, 4 h or 16 h, and germinated with or without 5°C cold stratification (CS). In C. coreana and C. sinensis var. calvescens, 52% and 89%, respectively, of seeds that sank immediately developed embryos and cotyledons germinated. Germination of C. sinensis var. calvescens seeds that sank after 16 h increased to 45% after the first CS treatment, as compared to 12% without CS. Immersing seeds in water for 16 h to collect full and mostly full seeds is recommended. X-ray imaging coupled with immersion is effective technique to select viable seeds. Dormancy could be partially released by immersing seeds in water for 16 h; however, germination was improved after CS.

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Hoshino, Masato, Kentaro Uesugi, James Pearson, Takashi Sonobe, Mikiyasu Shirai, and Naoto Yagi. "Development of an X-ray real-time stereo imaging technique using synchrotron radiation." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 18, no. 4 (May 24, 2011): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049511017547.

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An X-ray stereo imaging system with synchrotron radiation was developed at BL20B2, SPring-8. A portion of a wide X-ray beam was Bragg-reflected by a silicon crystal to produce an X-ray beam which intersects with the direct X-ray beam. Samples were placed at the intersection point of the two beam paths. X-ray stereo images were recorded simultaneously by a detector with a large field of view placed close to the sample. A three-dimensional wire-frame model of a sample was created from the depth information that was obtained from the lateral positions in the stereo image. X-ray stereo angiography of a mouse femoral region was performed as a demonstration of real-time stereo imaging. Three-dimensional arrangements of the femur and blood vessels were obtained.

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Evans, J. P. O., M. Robinson, and S. X. Godber. "A new stereoscopic X-ray imaging technique using a single X-ray source: theoretical analysis." NDT & E International 29, no. 1 (February 1996): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(95)00036-4.

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Schültke, Elisabeth, Ralf Menk, Bernd Pinzer, Alberto Astolfo, Marco Stampanoni, Fulvia Arfelli, Laura-Adela Harsan, and Guido Nikkhah. "Single-cell resolution in high-resolution synchrotron X-ray CT imaging with gold nanoparticles." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 21, no. 1 (December 11, 2013): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577513029007.

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Gold nanoparticles are excellent intracellular markers in X-ray imaging. Having shown previously the suitability of gold nanoparticles to detect small groups of cells with the synchrotron-based computed tomography (CT) technique bothex vivoandin vivo, it is now demonstrated that even single-cell resolution can be obtained in the brain at leastex vivo. Working in a small animal model of malignant brain tumour, the image quality obtained with different imaging modalities was compared. To generate the brain tumour, 1 × 105C6 glioma cells were loaded with gold nanoparticles and implanted in the right cerebral hemisphere of an adult rat. Raw data were acquired with absorption X-ray CT followed by a local tomography technique based on synchrotron X-ray absorption yielding single-cell resolution. The reconstructed synchrotron X-ray images were compared with images obtained by small animal magnetic resonance imaging. The presence of gold nanoparticles in the tumour tissue was verified in histological sections.

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Jiang, Jinxing, Keiichi Hirano, and Kenji Sakurai. "Interface-sensitive imaging by an image reconstruction aided X-ray reflectivity technique." Journal of Applied Crystallography 50, no. 3 (May 25, 2017): 712–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057671700509x.

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Recently, the authors have succeeded in realizing X-ray reflectivity imaging of heterogeneous ultrathin films at specific wavevector transfers by applying a wide parallel beam and an area detector. By combining in-plane angle and grazing-incidence angle scans, it is possible to reconstruct a series of interface-sensitive X-ray reflectivity images at different grazing-incidence angles (proportional to wavevector transfers). The physical meaning of a reconstructed X-ray reflectivity image at a specific wavevector transfer is the two-dimensional reflectivity distribution of the sample. In this manner, it is possible to retrieve the micro-X-ray reflectivity (where the pixel size is on the microscale) profiles at different local positions on the sample.

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Yu Bo, 余波, 苏明 Su Ming, 晏骥 Yan Ji, 蒲昱东 Pu Yudong, 蒋炜 Jiang Wei, 陈伯伦 Chen Bolun, and 黄天晅 Huang Tianxuan. "Penumbral imaging technique based on the microfocus X-ray source." High Power Laser and Particle Beams 27, no. 7 (2015): 72005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/hplpb20152707.72005.

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Takeda, Tohoru, Takuya Kunii, Ryota Sirai, Takahito Ohizumi, Hiroko Maruyama, Kazuyuki Hyodo, Akio Yoneyama, and Kazuhiro Ueda. "Ethanol fixed brain imaging by phase-contrast X-ray technique." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 425, no. 2 (March 22, 2013): 022004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/425/2/022004.

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Sears, Derek W. G., Hazel Sears, Denton S. Ebel, Sean Wallace, and Jon M. Friedrich. "X-ray computed tomography imaging: A not-so-nondestructive technique." Meteoritics & Planetary Science 51, no. 4 (March 16, 2016): 833–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/maps.12622.

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Munro, Peter R. T., Luigi Rigon, Konstantin Ignatyev, Frances C. M. Lopez, Diego Dreossi, Robert D. Speller, and Alessandro Olivo. "A quantitative, non-interferometric X-ray phase contrast imaging technique." Optics Express 21, no. 1 (January 7, 2013): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.21.000647.

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Guizar-Sicairos, Manuel, Jaap J. Boon, Kevin Mader, Ana Diaz, Andreas Menzel, and Oliver Bunk. "Quantitative interior x-ray nanotomography by a hybrid imaging technique." Optica 2, no. 3 (March 19, 2015): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optica.2.000259.

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Zhong, Y., Y. S. Chu, and A. T. Macrander. "D-93 Crystal Strain Quantification Using X-ray Imaging Technique." Powder Diffraction 22, no. 2 (June 2007): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.2754437.

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Nishimura, K., A. Sanpei, H. Tanaka, G. Ishii, R. Kodera, R. Ueba, H. Himura, S. Masamune, S. Ohdachi, and N. Mizuguchi. "2D electron temperature diagnostic using soft x-ray imaging technique." Review of Scientific Instruments 85, no. 3 (March 2014): 033502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4867076.

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Deckman, H. W., B. F. Flannery, J. H. Dunsmuir, and K. D' Amico. "X-ray microtomography." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 46 (1988): 998–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100107058.

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We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.

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Thurgood, Jordan, Stephen Dubsky, Kentaro Uesugi, Michael Curtis, Chaminda R. Samarage, Bruce Thompson, Graeme Zosky, and Andreas Fouras. "Imaging lung tissue oscillations using high-speed X-ray velocimetry." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577515021700.

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This work utilized synchrotron imaging to achieve a regional assessment of the lung's response to imparted oscillations. The forced oscillation technique is increasingly being used in clinical and research settings for the measurement of lung function. During the forced oscillation technique, pressure oscillations are imparted to the lungsviathe subjects' airway opening and the response is measured. This provides information about the mechanical properties of the airways and lung tissue. The quality of measurements is dependent upon the input signal penetrating uniformly throughout the lung. However, the penetration of these signals is not well understood. The development and use of a novel image-processing technique in conjunction with synchrotron-based imaging was able to regionally assess the lungs' response to input pressure oscillation signals in anaesthetized mice. The imaging-based technique was able to quantify both the power and distribution of lung tissue oscillations during forced oscillations of the lungs. It was observed that under forced oscillations the apices had limited lung tissue expansion relative to the base. This technique could be used to optimize input signals used for the forced oscillation technique or potentially as a diagnostic tool itself.

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Rouxel, Jérémy R., Markus Kowalewski, Kochise Benett, and Shaul Mukamel. "Direct imaging of ultrafast electron dynamics by X-ray sum frequency generation." EPJ Web of Conferences 205 (2019): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920503004.

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We present a nonlinear X-ray technique which provides a spatial electron density image of valence electron excitations. The technique combines a visible pump and an X-ray pulse and yields snapshots of the transition charge densities.

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Tao, Qiang, and Shu Qian Luo. "The Research of Cancer Imaging by X-Ray In-Line Phase Contrast Imaging Technique." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 2099–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.2099.

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The hard X-ray in-line phase contrast imaging (HXILPCI) is a phase contrast technique that generates excellent contrast of biological soft tissues compared to conventional X-ray absorption radiography. We explore the application of HXILPCI in the diagnosis of gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer. These nude mice cancer samples were checked by HXILPCI to obtain projection contrast images of 9μm image resolution with CCD camera. The texture extraction was based on gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). The corresponding morphological features of abnormal and normal tissues are analyzed. The produced phase contrast images of nude mice cancer samples show clearly biological tissues architectures and the size of cancer. The paper results show that HXILPCI can be a potential noninvasive technique to diagnose early cancer.

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Jung, Sung Yong, Han Wook Park, Bo Heum Kim, and Sang Joon Lee. "Time-resolved X-ray PIV technique for diagnosing opaque biofluid flow with insufficient X-ray fluxes." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 20, no. 3 (March 1, 2013): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049513001933.

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X-ray imaging is used to visualize the biofluid flow phenomena in a nondestructive manner. A technique currently used for quantitative visualization is X-ray particle image velocimetry (PIV). Although this technique provides a high spatial resolution (less than 10 µm), significant hemodynamic parameters are difficult to obtain under actual physiological conditions because of the limited temporal resolution of the technique, which in turn is due to the relatively long exposure time (∼10 ms) involved in X-ray imaging. This study combines an image intensifier with a high-speed camera to reduce exposure time, thereby improving temporal resolution. The image intensifier amplifies light flux by emitting secondary electrons in the micro-channel plate. The increased incident light flux greatly reduces the exposure time (below 200 µs). The proposed X-ray PIV system was applied to high-speed blood flows in a tube, and the velocity field information was successfully obtained. The time-resolved X-ray PIV system can be employed to investigate blood flows at beamlines with insufficient X-ray fluxes under specific physiological conditions. This method facilitates understanding of the basic hemodynamic characteristics and pathological mechanism of cardiovascular diseases.

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Niederer, Peter F. "Chapter 1: Diagnostic Medical Imaging: X-ray projection technique, image subtraction method, direct digital x-ray imaging, computed tomography (CT)." Technology and Health Care 17, no. 5-6 (December 9, 2009): 421–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/thc-2009-0563.

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Cipiccia, Silvia, Francesco Brun, Vittorio Di Trapani, Christoph Rau, and Darren J. Batey. "Dual energy X-ray beam ptycho-fluorescence imaging." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 28, no. 6 (October 5, 2021): 1916–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577521008675.

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X-ray ptychography and X-ray fluorescence are complementary nanoscale imaging techniques, providing structural and elemental information, respectively. Both methods acquire data by scanning a localized beam across the sample. X-ray ptychography processes the transmission signal of a coherent illumination interacting with the sample, to produce images with a resolution finer than the illumination spot and step size. By enlarging both the spot and the step size, the technique can cover extended regions efficiently. X-ray fluorescence records the emitted spectra as the sample is scanned through the localized beam and its spatial resolution is limited by the spot and step size. The requisites for fast ptychography and high-resolution fluorescence appear incompatible. Here, a novel scheme that mitigates the difference in requirements is proposed. The method makes use of two probes of different sizes at the sample, generated by using two different energies for the probes and chromatic focusing optics. The different probe sizes allow to reduce the number of acquisition steps for the joint fluorescence–ptychography scan compared with a standard single beam scan, while imaging the same field of view. The new method is demonstrated experimentally using two undulator harmonics, a Fresnel zone plate and an energy discriminating photon counting detector.

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Cipiccia, Silvia, Francesco Brun, Vittorio Di Trapani, Christoph Rau, and Darren J. Batey. "Dual energy X-ray beam ptycho-fluorescence imaging." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 28, no. 6 (October 5, 2021): 1916–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577521008675.

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X-ray ptychography and X-ray fluorescence are complementary nanoscale imaging techniques, providing structural and elemental information, respectively. Both methods acquire data by scanning a localized beam across the sample. X-ray ptychography processes the transmission signal of a coherent illumination interacting with the sample, to produce images with a resolution finer than the illumination spot and step size. By enlarging both the spot and the step size, the technique can cover extended regions efficiently. X-ray fluorescence records the emitted spectra as the sample is scanned through the localized beam and its spatial resolution is limited by the spot and step size. The requisites for fast ptychography and high-resolution fluorescence appear incompatible. Here, a novel scheme that mitigates the difference in requirements is proposed. The method makes use of two probes of different sizes at the sample, generated by using two different energies for the probes and chromatic focusing optics. The different probe sizes allow to reduce the number of acquisition steps for the joint fluorescence–ptychography scan compared with a standard single beam scan, while imaging the same field of view. The new method is demonstrated experimentally using two undulator harmonics, a Fresnel zone plate and an energy discriminating photon counting detector.

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José Querino de Vasconcelos, Gustavo, Eduardo Xavier Miqueles, and Gabriel Schubert Ruiz Costa. "Responsive alignment for X-ray tomography beamlines." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 25, no. 6 (September 20, 2018): 1774–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577518012201.

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X-ray computed tomography (CT) is an imaging technique intended to obtain the internal structure and three-dimensional representation of a sample. In general, parallel-beam CT reconstruction algorithms require a precise angular alignment and knowledge of the exact axis of rotation position. Highly brilliant X-ray sources with ever-increasing data-acquisition rates demand optimized alignment techniques to avoid compromising in situ data analysis. This paper presents a method to automatically align the angular orientation and linear position of the rotation axis in a tomography setup, correlating image features from different X-ray projections.

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Curtis, Charlotte, Richard Frayne, and Elise Fear. "Using X-Ray Mammograms to Assist in Microwave Breast Image Interpretation." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/235380.

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Current clinical breast imaging modalities include ultrasound, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and the ubiquitous X-ray mammography. Microwave imaging, which takes advantage of differing electromagnetic properties to obtain image contrast, shows potential as a complementary imaging technique. As an emerging modality, interpretation of 3D microwave images poses a significant challenge. MR images are often used to assist in this task, and X-ray mammograms are readily available. However, X-ray mammograms provide 2D images of a breast under compression, resulting in significant geometric distortion. This paper presents a method to estimate the 3D shape of the breast and locations of regions of interest from standard clinical mammograms. The technique was developed using MR images as the reference 3D shape with the future intention of using microwave images. Twelve breast shapes were estimated and compared to ground truth MR images, resulting in a skin surface estimation accurate to within an average Euclidean distance of 10 mm. The 3D locations of regions of interest were estimated to be within the same clinical area of the breast as corresponding regions seen on MR imaging. These results encourage investigation into the use of mammography as a source of information to assist with microwave image interpretation as well as validation of microwave imaging techniques.

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Longo, Elena, Domenico Alj, Joost Batenburg, Ombeline de La Rochefoucauld, Charlotte Herzog, Imke Greving, Ying Li, et al. "Flexible Plenoptic X-ray Microscopy." Photonics 9, no. 2 (February 8, 2022): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9020098.

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X-ray computed tomography (CT) is an invaluable technique for generating three-dimensional (3D) images of inert or living specimens. X-ray CT is used in many scientific, industrial, and societal fields. Compared to conventional 2D X-ray imaging, CT requires longer acquisition times because up to several thousand projections are required for reconstructing a single high-resolution 3D volume. Plenoptic imaging—an emerging technology in visible light field photography—highlights the potential of capturing quasi-3D information with a single exposure. Here, we show the first demonstration of a flexible plenoptic microscope operating with hard X-rays; it is used to computationally reconstruct images at different depths along the optical axis. The experimental results are consistent with the expected axial refocusing, precision, and spatial resolution. Thus, this proof-of-concept experiment opens the horizons to quasi-3D X-ray imaging, without sample rotation, with spatial resolution of a few hundred nanometres.

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Archer, B. R., and L. K. Wagner. "A modified X-ray spectra reconstruction technique." Physics in Medicine and Biology 33, no. 12 (December 1, 1988): 1399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/33/12/005.

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Archer, B. R., and L. K. Wagner. "A modified x-ray spectra reconstruction technique." Physics in Medicine and Biology 34, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/34/4/512.

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Cheng (鄰炳今), P. C., R. Feder, J. Wm McGowan, K. H. Tan (陳金華), and D. Shlnozakl. "3D Soft X-Ray Contact Imaging and Image Interpretation." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (August 1985): 602–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100119788.

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Recent advances in x-ray contact Imaging provide various viewing methods for magnifying contact Images, these include the use of SEM (Fig. 1, Xenopus Iaevis muscle cell) and TEM (Fig. 2, X. Iaevis muscle cell). It Is rare that one can treat a biological specimen as a two-dimensional object. In order to obtain 3D structural Information of a cell, the general practice is to serially-section the cell. Occasionally, If the cell is sufficiently thin (e.g., cultured fibroblast), stereo Image-pairs can be obtained with a TEM. Since soft x-ray Imaging is capable of looking at a much thicker specimen than electron microscopy, 3D image-pairs will be a useful tool to study cells or tissue sections which are too thick or too dense to be studied by a TEM. With the growing Interest In the application of soft x-ray contact Imaging for biological research, a clear understanding of the physical properties and limitations associated with the technique is essential. A valid conclusion can only be drawn with the knowledge of all the physical properties associated with the Imaging technique.

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Journal articles on the topic 'X-ray imaging technique'

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