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Academic literature on the topic 'X-ray diffraction analyses'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "X-ray diffraction analyses"

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Bish, D. L., and Steve J. Chipera. "Accuracy in Quantitative X-ray Powder Diffraction Analyses." Advances in X-ray Analysis 38 (1994): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800017638.

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Abstract Accuracy, or how well a measurement conforms to the true value of a parameter, is important in XRD analyses in three primary areas, 1) 26 position or d-spacing; 2) peak shape; and 3) intensity. Instrumental factors affecting accuracy include zero-point, axial-divergence, and specimen- displacement errors, step size, and even uncertainty in X-ray wavelength values. Sample factors affecting accuracy include specimen transparency, structural strain, crystallite size, and preferred orientation effects. In addition, a variety of other sample-related factors influence the accuracy of quantitative analyses, including variations in sample composition and order/disorder. The conventional method of assessing accuracy during experimental diffractometry measurements is through the use of certified internal standards. However, it is possible to obtain highly accurate d-spacings without an internal standard using a well-aligned powder diffractometer coupled with data analysis routines that allow analysis of and correction for important systematic errors. The first consideration in such measurements is the use of methods yielding precise peak positions, such as profile fitting. High accuracy can be achieved if specimen-displacement, specimen- transparency, axial-divergence, and possibly zero-point corrections are included in data analysis. It is also important to consider that most common X-ray wavelengths (other than Cu Kα1) have not been measured with high accuracy. Accuracy in peak-shape measurements is important in the separation of instrumental and sample contributions to profile shape, e.g., in crystallite size and strain measurements. The instrumental contribution must be determined accurately using a standard material free from significant sample-related effects, such as NIST SRM 660 (LaB6). Although full-pattern fitting methods for quantitative analysis are available, the presence of numerous systematic errors makes the use of an internal standard, such as a-alumina mandatory to ensure accuracy; accuracy is always suspect when using external-standard, constrained-total quantitative analysis methods. One of the most significant problems in quantitative analysis remains the choice of representative standards. Variations in sample chemistry, order-disorder, and preferred orientation can be accommodated only with a thorough understanding of the coupled effects of all three on intensities. It is important to recognize that sample preparation methods that optimize accuracy for one type of measurement may not be appropriate for another. For example, the very fine crystallite size that is optimum for quantitative analysis is unnecessary and can even be detrimental in d-spacing and peak shape measurements.
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KINOSHITA, KENICHI, HIDEKI HARANO, KOJI YOSHII, TAKERU OHKUBO, ATSUSHI FUKASAWA, KEI NAKAMURA, and MITSURU UESAKA. "Time-resolved X-ray diffraction at NERL." Laser and Particle Beams 19, no. 1 (January 2001): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034601191196.

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For ultrafast material analyses, we constructed the time-resolved X-ray diffraction system utilizing ultrashort X-rays from laser-produced plasma generated by the 12-TW–50-fs laser at the Nuclear Engineering Research Laboratory. Ultrafast transient changes in laser-irradiated GaAs crystals were observed as X-ray diffraction patterns. Experimental results were compared with numerical analyses.
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Choy, J. H., S. H. Hwang, G. Demazeau, and D. Y. Jung. "X-Ray Diffraction and X-Ray Absorption Spectrocopic Analyses for the Ruthenium Perovskites." Le Journal de Physique IV 7, no. C2 (April 1997): C2–763—C2–764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1997230.

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Bedboudi, H., A. Bourbia, M. Draissia, and M. Y. Debili. "X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Nanostructured Metallic Alloys." Journal of Nano Research 3 (October 2008): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.3.45.

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X-ray tools are being powerful methods for qualitative and quantitative analyses of nanocrystalline materials This work is an overview of detailed X-ray investigations relative to microstructural studies applied for a refined binary Al-based alloys thin films system as samples deposited on glass substrates. Energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods were used to determine the chemical composition, the microstructure parameters and the solubility of copper in aluminum.
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Sekiguchi, Yuki, Tomotaka Oroguchi, Yuki Takayama, and Masayoshi Nakasako. "Data processing software suiteSITENNOfor coherent X-ray diffraction imaging using the X-ray free-electron laser SACLA." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 21, no. 3 (March 15, 2014): 600–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577514003439.

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Coherent X-ray diffraction imaging is a promising technique for visualizing the structures of non-crystalline particles with dimensions of micrometers to sub-micrometers. Recently, X-ray free-electron laser sources have enabled efficient experiments in the `diffraction before destruction' scheme. Diffraction experiments have been conducted at SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free-electron LAser (SACLA) using the custom-made diffraction apparatus KOTOBUKI-1 and two multiport CCD detectors. In the experiments, ten thousands of single-shot diffraction patterns can be collected within several hours. Then, diffraction patterns with significant levels of intensity suitable for structural analysis must be found, direct-beam positions in diffraction patterns determined, diffraction patterns from the two CCD detectors merged, and phase-retrieval calculations for structural analyses performed. A software suite namedSITENNOhas been developed to semi-automatically apply the four-step processing to a huge number of diffraction data. Here, details of the algorithm used in the suite are described and the performance for approximately 9000 diffraction patterns collected from cuboid-shaped copper oxide particles reported. Using theSITENNOsuite, it is possible to conduct experiments with data processing immediately after the data collection, and to characterize the size distribution and internal structures of the non-crystalline particles.
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McCarthy, G. J., D. M. Johansen, S. J. Steinwand, and A. Thedchanamoorthy. "X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Fly ASH." Advances in X-ray Analysis 31 (1987): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s037603080002214x.

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AbstractMethods for, and results from, x-ray diffraction analysis of large numbers of fly ash samples obtained from U.S. power plants are described. Qualitative XRD indicates that low-calcium/Class F fly ash (usually derived from bituminous coal) consists typically of the crystalline phases quartz, mullite, hematite and magnetite in a matrix of aluminosilicate glass. Highcalcium fly ash (derived from low-rank coal) has a much more complex assemblage of crystalline phases that typically includes these four phases plus lime, periclase, anhydrite, alkali sulfates, tricalcium aluminate, dicalcium silicate, melilite, merwinlte and a sodalite-structure phase. Glass compositions among the particles are more heterogeneous and range from calcium aluminate to sodium calcium aluminosilicate, Every ash studied Is mixed with an internal Intensity standard (rutile) so that Intensity ratios can be used to make comparisons of the relative amounts of crystalline phases. An error analysis was performed to define the level of uncertainty in making these comparisons. These intensity ratios will be used for quantitative XRD phase analyses when reference intensity ratios for each fly ash phase become available.
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Volz, H. M., and R. J. Matyi. "Triple-axis X-ray diffraction analyses of lysozyme crystals." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 56, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 881–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s090744490000593x.

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Volz, H. M., R. E. Hackenberg, A. M. Kelly, W. L. Hults, A. C. Lawson, R. D. Field, D. F. Teter, and D. J. Thoma. "X-ray diffraction analyses of aged U–Nb alloys." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 444-445 (October 2007): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.11.089.

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Volz, H. M., and R. J. Matyi. "High-resolution X-ray diffraction analyses of protein crystals." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 357, no. 1761 (October 1999): 2789–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1999.0466.

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Matyi, R. J., W. A. Doolittle, and A. S. Brown. "High resolution x-ray diffraction analyses of GaN/LiGaO2." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 32, no. 10A (January 1, 1999): A61—A64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/32/10a/313.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "X-ray diffraction analyses"

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Tsuboi, Chiaki. "X-ray crystal structure analyses of magnetically oriented microcrystalline suspensions." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/216190.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第19936号
農博第2186号
新制||農||1044(附属図書館)
学位論文||H28||N5009(農学部図書室)
33022
京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻
(主査)教授 木村 恒久, 教授 西尾 嘉之, 教授 髙野 俊幸
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Bilton, Clair. "Hydrogen bonding in organic systems : a study using X-ray and neutron diffraction and database analyses." Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4795/.

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This thesis covers three topics related to the field of crystal engineering. Three different approaches to improving the understanding of hydrogen bonding are covered; analysis of a family of related molecules, investigations of specific functional groups and a systematic, data-driven study of intramolecular hydrogen bonding patterns. Chapters 2 to 4 and chapter 11 cover the background theory to the different methods used to obtain the data discussed in the remainder of the thesis. X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques are discussed, along with sections describing the Cambridge Structural Database, which was used as a data source throughout this work, and a brief section on intermolecular forces. Crystal structure analyses of seventeen gem-alkynol molecules are given in chapters 5 to 10. The gem-alkynol functionality is particularly interesting for a study of intermolecular interactions as it is a combination of both a strong and weak hydrogen bonding group. The group of molecules was investigated with the aim of locating robust supramolecular motifs. The group is subdivided into sections containing molecules with similar structures and their packing patterns are discussed. The second experimental section, chapters 12 and 13, comprises statistical studies into the function of the azido and cyano functional groups as hydrogen bond acceptors. The technique used was to use the Cambridge Structural Database as a data source for the main analysis, then complement the results with simple theoretical calculations. The remaining chapter, 14, describes a systematic analysis of intermolecular hydrogen bonded motifs. A data-driven approach was designed which allows direct comparison of motifs by means of a probability ordered list.
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Parris, Juanita M. "X-ray diffraction analyses of synthetic polymers in the 3,3-substituted polyoxetane family and their copolymers." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39373.

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A series of crystalline, substituted polyoxetanes were studied using X-ray fibre diffraction as the primary investigative tool. Three systems were probed, each presenting a unique facet of structure analyses.
The structure of poly(3,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxetane) using X-ray fibre diffraction was proposed. Modelling studies and FT-IR have been used to arrive at a probable conformation in which the backbone was found to be planar zigzag and the hydroxyls in the sidechain were extended. Few reflections were observed and it was not possible to grow lamellar single crystals for electron diffraction.
The preliminary structure of poly(3,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxetane) diacetate using X-ray fibre diffraction on films and fibres and electron diffraction on lamellar single crystals provided a tentative packing scheme based on the most intense equatorial reflections. CP/MAS $ sp{13}$C NMR indicates slight deviations in the environments for the acetate groups on the same residue.
X-ray fibre diffraction of atactic P(MHMO) resulted in a unit cell of comparable dimensions as in P(BHMO). The intensity and quality of the fibre patterns suggest identical structures. P(BHMO-co-MHMO) is a random copolymer in which the MHMO units are incorporated into the crystalline lattice of P(BHMO). One melting endotherm is observed for all compositions and decreases linearly with increasing content of MHMO. These data support a phenomenon known as isomorphism.
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Seeley, Jack R. "Optical and X-Ray Diffraction Analyses of Shock Metamorphosed Knox Group Dolostone from Wells Creek Crater, Tennessee." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou152597581946267.

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Zhiou, Seifeddine. "Réaction à l'état solide d'un film mince de Ni(Co) avec InGaAs : analyses microstructurales." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY067/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur l’analyse microstructurale d’intermétalliques formés par réaction à l’état solide entre une couche mince de métal Ni(Co) et un substrat d’InGaAs et s’inscrit dans le cadre du développement de reprises de contact pour les dispositifs MOSFET sub-10 nm ou les applications photoniques. Ce travail comporte une partie relative au développement d’une méthodologie de diffraction des rayons x adaptée à ces composés très texturés et deux parties distinctes où nous décrivons et discutons les résultats expérimentaux.L’étude microstructurale (phase, texture…) des intermétalliques obtenus par réaction à l’état solide est rendue complexe par la formation transitoire de phases métastables, non stœchiométriques parfois, contraintes mécaniquement, et présentant en général des orientations cristallines (texture cristallographique) très marquées. Du fait de cette complexité microstructurale, ces intermétalliques n’ont souvent pas été caractérisés de façon complète et peu de connaissances se trouvent sur leur structure et leur formation. Aussi, et pour caractériser de façon complète et sans omettre des phases ou des orientations dans le système Ni-In-Ga-As, nous avons contribué au développement d’une méthode de mesure globale et rapide par diffraction des rayons X permettant de reconstruire une cartographie large 3D de l’espace réciproque. Les données recueillies par cette méthode sont reconstruites afin d’extraire soit des diagrammes de diffraction dits « détexturés », soit des figures de pôle…permettant une analyse semi quantitative de la microstructure des échantillons.Dans la première partie des résultats expérimentaux, nous nous intéressons à la caractérisation des intermétalliques formés à partir d’empilements Ni/InGaAs/InP recuits ex-situ à différentes températures. Nous décrivons la formation des intermétalliques, leurs textures, et leurs paramètres structuraux. Nous relevons certains aspects de la microstructure qui évoluent en fonction de la température de recuit comme l’anisotropie de texture, la stœchiométrie des intermétalliques et le domaine d’existence thermique et nous proposons des hypothèses qui peuvent expliquer l’évolution de ces phénomènes. Cette première étude faite sur des substrats InP a été confrontée aux résultats obtenus pour des intermétalliques similaires réalisés sur substrats InGaAs/GaAs/Si. En effet, les substrats Si sont les substrats industriellement ciblés pour la réalisation de composés logiques à canal III-V à grande échelle (sur des plaquettes de 300mm de diamètre). Ensuite, nous avons comparé la métallisation de la couche d’InGaAs dans le cas de Ni pur avec la métallisation d’InGaAs lorsqu’un élément d’alliage (Co) est ajouté à la couche de Ni. Ainsi, l’analyse microstructurale révèle des différences notamment sur les textures qui ont été interprétées sur la base de considérations thermodynamiques, mais aussi structurales comme l’alignement des deux couches entre elles, liées à des aspects plus cinétiques.Dans la deuxième partie de ce travail, nous présentons les résultats des analyses in situ effectuées par cartographies de l’espace réciproque en 3D au synchrotron ESRF à Grenoble. Il s’agit de suivre en temps réel par diffraction des rayons X, les réactions à l’état solide des échantillons du type Ni (7 nm et 20 nm)/InGaAs/InP et Ni0.9Co0.1 (20 nm)/InGaAs/InP lors de recuits par rampes... Ensuite, nous avons effectué des recuits isothermes sur les échantillons de type Ni (20 nm)/InGaAs/InP. Ces différentes mesures, couplées avec des hypothèses sur la croissance nous ont permis d’extraire les paramètres cinétiques relatifs à la formation de la première phase d’intermétallique. Les textures observées et leur évolution lors des recuits thermiques in situ sont différents des recuits ex situ. Ceci peut notamment être expliqué par un mode de recuit différent dans le cas in situ où la cinétique du système est plus lente, favorisant ainsi les structures et textures les plus stables
This thesis focuses on the microstructural analysis of intermetallics formed by solid-state reaction between a thin layer of Ni (Co) metal and an InGaAs substrate and was carried out in the framework of contact development for sub-10 nm MOSFET but have also photonic applications. This work includes a part related to the development of an X-ray diffraction methodology adapted to highly textured compounds and two distinct parts in which we describe and discuss the experimental results.The microstructural study (phase, texture ...) of intermetallics obtained by solid-state reaction is complicated due to the formation of transient metastable, often non-stoichiometric and mechanically stressed phases. These phases have generally very marked crystalline orientations (crystallographic texture). Because of this microstructural complexity, these intermetallic have often been not fully characterized and there is little knowledge about their structure and formation. Moreover, and to fully characterize the Ni-In-Ga-As system without omitting phases or textures, we have contributed to the development of a comprehensive method of rapid measurement by X-ray diffraction to reconstruct large 3D maps of the reciprocal space. The collected data through this method are reconstructed to extract either diffraction diagrams called "detextured" diagrams or pole figures ... which allows a semi-quantitative analysis of the intermetallic microstructure.In the first part of the experimental results, we focus on the characterization of intermetallic formed through Ni / InGaAs / InP stacks and annealed ex situ at different temperatures. We describe the formation of the intermetallics, textures, and structural parameters. We note some aspects which vary depending on the annealing temperature such as the texture anisotropy, the stoichiometry of intermetallic and range of thermal existence and propose hypotheses that can explain the evolution of these phenomena. The studies on InP substrates were compared to results obtained for similar intermetallic made on GaAs / Si substrates. Indeed, the Si substrates are targeted for industrials to achieve logic compounds III-V channel large-scale (on 300 mm wafers). Then, we compared the metallization of the InGaAs layer in the case of pure Ni metallization with the results when an alloying element (cobalt) was added to the Ni layer. The microstructural analysis revealed several differences especially texture differences. These differences were interpreted on the basis of thermodynamic considerations, but also on the basis of structural alignment of the two layers together which are also linked to more kinetic aspects.In the second part of this work, we present the analysis results of studies performed by in situ 3D Reciprocal Space Mapping on the ESRF synchrotron in Grenoble. We followed the formation and stability of the intermetallics by real-time X-ray diffraction measurements, for different kind of samples: Ni (7 nm and 20 nm) / InGaAs / InP and Ni0.9Co0.1 (20nm) / InGaAs / InP, using ramp annealing... Then, we performed isothermal annealings for Ni(20 nm) / InGaAs / InP samples. These measurements, coupled with assumptions on the intermetallic growth, allowed us to extract the kinetic parameters for the formation of the first phase of the intermetallic. The observed textures and their evolution during in situ thermal annealings are different than ex situ annealing. This can be explained by a different mode of annealing in the case of in situ where the kinetics of the system is slower, thus favoring the most stable structures and textures
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Song, Guangjie. "Structure analyses of cellobiose and cellulose using X-ray diffraction and solid-state NMR spectroscopy on oriented samples." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199362.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第19038号
農博第2116号
新制||農||1031(附属図書館)
学位論文||H27||N4920(農学部図書室)
31989
京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻
(主査)教授 木村 恒久, 教授 西尾 嘉之, 教授 髙野 俊幸
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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7

Uchida, Hinako. "CRYSTAL CHEMICAL AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSES OF SOME COMMON ROCK-FORMING MINERALS: SPINEL, KALSILITE, CLINOPYROXENE AND OLIVINE." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194999.

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Natural and synthetic common-rock forming minerals were examined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD) and electron microprobe (EMP) analyses. The influences of common defect features, such as inclusions in spinel and oxygen positional disorder and twinning in kalsilite, were reported on the respective structures. The case studies show that these defect features could lead to a misinterpretation of X-ray intensity data. The structural interpretations obtained from these XSRD analyses could be significantly different when physical properties of the crystals are considered.In the second part of my dissertation, comparative crystal chemical studies on mantle-derived minerals such as spinel, clinopyroxene, and olivine are reported. These studies were carried out to examine temperature, pressure, and compositional effects on the structures of these phases. In particular, packing arrangements of oxygen atoms were examined in detail to investigate how the packing affects element partitioning among upper-mantle minerals. At ambient conditions, oxygen packing is more distorted in the order of spinel < olivine < clinopyroxene. The packing of oxygen atoms in olivine might have a significant control on element substitutions at high pressure. Because elements whose radius is larger than that of Mg distort the packing of mantle olivine (Fo~89), olivine might limit the amount of those elements, such as Fe2+, entering the structure. In contrast, substitutions of smaller cations in C2/c clinopyroxenes increase packing distortion. For clinopyroxenes enclosed in peridotite and eclogite, higher equilibration pressures are associated with more distorted, less efficiently packed structures. Unlike many minerals reported in Thompson and Downs (2001), spinel becomes more packed with rising temperature when intracrystalline cation exchange reactions are possible. Despite wide chemical variations, spinel samples from one geological environment display a constant packing distortion, which might suggest that spinel is capable of achieving an optimal packing configuration at a given P and T.
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Stuart, Kevin L. "Discovery of Possible Paleotsunami Deposits in Pangandaran and Adipala, Java, Indonesia Using Grain Size, XRD, and 14C Analyses." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6719.

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Grain size, 14C age, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of sediments indicate possible tsunami deposits on the southern coast of Java near Pangandaran and Adipala. Previous studies that have described known recent and paleotsunami deposits were used for comparison. Fining-upward grain size trends, interbedded sand and mud, sediment composition, and trends in heavy mineral abundances are among the characteristics used for tsunami deposit identification. At Batu Kalde, an archaeological site south of Pangandaran, a layer of aragonitic sand with marine fossils was found atop a layer of archaeological fragments at an elevation of ~2-5 m. It is likely this layer was deposited by a tsunami, potentially generated by a mega-thrust earthquake. Archaeological material remains suggest that the tsunami occurred ~1300 years ago. A bivalve with an age of 5584-5456 cal YBP was buried within the deposit, perhaps long after its death. At Goa Panggung, a cave east of Batu Kalde, fining-upward grain size trends, composition of sediments, and radiocarbon ages suggest the presence of at least one tsunami deposit. A 5040-4864 cal YBP piece of charcoal overlying modern organic matter suggest that the tsunami first scoured the cave floor, reworking existing material and making interpretation difficult. At Adipala, in western Central Java, fining-upward grain size, upward decrease in heavy mineral abundances, and lateral continuity of sand layers revealed the existence of two possible tsunami deposits buried within the sediments in a swale ~1.6 km from the ocean. Age of the deposits is undetermined.
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Aubin, Marlène. "Révéler la chimie des préparations antiques, à usage cosmétique ou médical, impliquant des sels de métaux lourds." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066479/document.

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Dès l'Antiquité, les oculistes, médecins spécialisés dans le soin des yeux, utilisaient des médicaments solides sophistiqués appelés collyres. Ils étaient composés de substances minérales, végétales et animales. Ce travail résulte d'une collaboration interdisciplinaire destinée à préciser la composition chimique et les structures des phases inorganiques ainsi que les procédés de fabrication de ces collyres. Les techniques analytiques mises en œuvre sont la spectroscopie Raman, la spectrométrie de fluorescence des rayons X (XRF) et la diffraction des rayons X (XRD). L'étude de la stabilité de réplicas à base de sels métalliques (plomb, zinc, cuivre, fer), fréquemment mentionnés dans les textes antiques, a permis de préciser les phases initialement présentes dans ces médicaments. Quatre collections de collyres archéologiques (Musée Gallo-Romain de Lyon, Musée d'Archéologie Nationale, Cabinet des Médailles de la BnF, Musée Atestino d'Este) ont été étudiées sur site au moyen d'instruments portables. Une méthodologie, combinant les résultats obtenus par XRF et par XRD, a été développée afin d'obtenir les proportions entre les phases inorganiques présentes. Les compositions obtenues par analyses physico-chimiques ont ainsi été comparées aux compositions décrites dans les textes anciens et, pour la première fois, des liens entre les deux ont été établis
In the Antiquity, oculists (eye care specialised physicians) mixed mineral, vegetal and animal substances to prepare elaborate solid medicines termed collyria. In an interdisciplinary work, we investigated the chemical composition, the inorganic phases structure and the manufacturing process of such collyria. The implemented analytical techniques were Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The stability of metallic salts based replicas prepared according to ancient texts recipes was studied in order to identify the pristine phases. Four collections of archaeological collyria (Musée Gallo-Romain de Lyon, Musée d’Archéologie Nationale, Cabinet des Médailles de la BnF, Musée Atestino d’Este) were studied on site, using portable devices. A methodology combining XRF and XRD results was developed to quantify the inorganic phases distribution. For the first time, a straight relationship was established between compositions obtained by physico-chemical analysis and ancient recipes
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Sinangil, Mehmet Selcuk. "Estimation of crystal size and inhomogeneous strain in polymers using single peak analysis." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19096.

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Books on the topic "X-ray diffraction analyses"

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Marchandise, H. Characterisation of corundum (RM 300) and mullite (RM 301) as reference materials for X-ray diffraction analyses. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1985.

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Baltá-Calleja, F. J. X-ray scattering of synthetic polymers. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1989.

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Spindura, Jillian. Rapid X-ray analysis by X-ray powder diffraction. Manchester: UMIST, 1994.

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Kaye, T. J. Rapid x-ray analysis by x-ray powder diffraction. Manchester: UMIST, 1993.

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Goudeau, Philippe, and René Guinebretière. X-rays and materials. Hoboken, NJ: ISTE/Wiley, 2012.

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Johansson, Sven A. E. PIXE: A novel technique for elemental analysis. Chichester: Wiley, 1988.

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Ekosse, Georges-lvo E. X-ray powder diffraction patterns of clays and clay minerals in Botswana. Gaborone, Botswana: X-Ray Diffraction Unit, University of Botswana, 2005.

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Snyder, R. L. Defect and microstructure analysis by diffraction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

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L, Chung Deborah D., ed. X-ray diffraction at elevated temperatures: A method for in situ process analysis. New York: VCH, 1993.

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Arsenovic, Peter. Analysis of yttrium-barium-copper-oxide by x-ray diffraction and mechanical characterization. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "X-ray diffraction analyses"

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Schmal, Martin, and Carlos André C. Perez. "Structural Analyses: X-ray Diffraction." In Heterogeneous Catalysis and its Industrial Applications, 205–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09250-8_9.

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Bish, David L., and Steve J. Chipera. "Accuracy in Quantitative X-Ray Powder Diffraction Analyses." In Advances in X-Ray Analysis, 47–57. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1797-9_5.

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Chen, Hong, and Briant L. Davis. "Quantitative X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Smectites: I—Mass Attenuation Calculations for Smectite Analyses." In Advances in X-Ray Analysis, 83–90. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1797-9_9.

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Nakasako, Masayoshi. "Three-Dimensional Structural Analyses in Cryogenic X-Ray Diffraction Imaging." In X-Ray Diffraction Imaging of Biological Cells, 181–212. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56618-2_9.

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Di Paola, E., E. Montanari, S. Zanardi, and A. Carati. "Characterization of two new zeolites by combining Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Powder Diffraction analyses." In EMC 2008 14th European Microscopy Congress 1–5 September 2008, Aachen, Germany, 201–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85226-1_101.

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Suryanarayana, C., and M. Grant Norton. "Quantitative Analysis of Powder Mixtures." In X-Ray Diffraction, 223–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0148-4_10.

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Quille, Rubén, Ángel Bustamante, and Ybar Palomino. "Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses of clayey samples used as ceramic sourcing materials, in Peru." In LACAME 2010, 191–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4301-4_25.

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Adderley, W. Paul, Ian A. Simpson, Raymond Barrett, and Timothy J. Wess. "Archaeological Soils and Sediments: Application of Microfocus Synchrotron X-ray Scattering, Diffraction, and Fluorescence Analyses in Thin-Section." In ACS Symposium Series, 194–209. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2007-0968.ch010.

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Glanville, H., H. Rousselière, L. de Viguerie, and Ph Walter. "CHAPTER 15. Mens Agitat Molem: New Insights into Nicolas Poussin's Painting Technique by X-ray Diffraction and Fluorescence Analyses." In Science and Art, 314–35. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839161957-00314.

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Waseda, Yoshio, Eiichiro Matsubara, and Kozo Shinoda. "Symmetry Analysis for Crystals and the Use of the International Tables." In X-Ray Diffraction Crystallography, 219–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16635-8_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "X-ray diffraction analyses"

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Cote, Roland, G. Denes, Louis Gastonguay, and Jean-Pol Dodelet. "Chemical analyses and x-ray diffraction patterns of powders and films of chloroaluminum phthalocyanine." In Optical Materials Technology for Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy, edited by Anne Hugot-Le Goff, Claes-Goeran Granqvist, and Carl M. Lampert. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.130576.

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Ruggiero, Joseph, Lucian Cascino, Jonathan Gourley, and Christoph Geiss. "X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSES OF SULFATE MINERALS RESPONSIBLE FOR CRUMBLING CONCRETE IN NORTHEASTERN CONNECTICUT." In 53rd Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018ne-310869.

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Younesi, Mousa, Mehdi Javidi, Mohammad Ebrahim Bahrololoom, and Hamidreza Fooladfar. "Effect of Heat Treating Temperature on Chemical and Physical Properties of Natural Hydroxyapatite Produced From Bovine Bone." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12574.

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This study focused on chemical and physical properties of Hydroxyapatite powder was prepared by burning bone and heat treating the obtained bone ash at different temperatures (600, 700, 800, and 1100 °C) in an air furnace. The black ash was converted to a white powder after heat treatment. Results of X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy that were done on heat treated powders in different temperatures indicated that the white powder was hydroxyapatite and did not contain any organic components of the bone. Furthermore, results of X-ray diffraction analysis were shown that phase transformation of the resulted hydroxyapatite to other calcium phosphate phases did not occur up to 1100 °C. X-ray fluorescence analyses revealed that calcium and phosphorous were the main elements and magnesium and sodium were present as minor impurities. The results of the energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that Ca/P ratio of this natural hydroxyapatite varies between 1.46 and 2.01. The resulted material was found to be thermally stable up to 1100 °C. The density of natural hydroxyapatite heat treated at 800 °C was measured to be 3.187 g/cm3.
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Zielinski, M., S. Jiao, T. Chassagne, A. Michon, M. Nemoz, M. Portail, J. F. Michaud, D. Alquier, Gabriel Ferro, and Paul Siffert. "Evaluation of the Crystalline Quality of Strongly Curved 3C-SiC∕Si Epiwafers Through X-Ray Diffraction Analyses." In 2010 WIDE BANDGAP CUBIC SEMICONDUCTORS: FROM GROWTH TO DEVICES: Proceedings of the E-MRS Symposium∗ F∗. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3518274.

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Abe, R., H. Kojima, M. Kikuchi, T. Watanabe, T. Koganezawa, N. Yoshimoto, I. Hirosawa, and M. Nakamura. "Crystal Structure Analyses of Organic Semiconductor Thin Films with Variable-Temperature Two-Dimensional Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction." In 2017 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2017.b-2-05.

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Singh, Gurpreet, Hazoor Singh, and Buta Singh Sidhu. "Characterisation and In Vitro Corrosion Resistance of Plasma-Sprayed Hydroxyapatite and Hydroxyapatite–Silicon Oxide Coatings on 316L SS." In ITSC2015, edited by A. Agarwal, G. Bolelli, A. Concustell, Y. C. Lau, A. McDonald, F. L. Toma, E. Turunen, and C. A. Widener. ASM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2015p0941.

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Abstract In the current investigation plasma spray technique was used for depositing hydroxyapatite (HA) and hydroxyapatite – silicon oxide (SiO2) coatings on 316L SS substrate. In HA-SiO2 coating, 20 wt% SiO2 was mixed with HA. The feedstock and coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) / energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses. The corrosion resistance of the uncoated, HA coated and HA + 20 wt% SiO2 coated 316L SS was investigated by electrochemical corrosion testing in simulated human body fluid (Ringer’s solution). After the corrosion testing, the samples were analyzed by XRD and SEM / EDX analyses. The addition of SiO2 reduces the crystallinity of the coating. The corrosion resistance of the 316L SS was found to increase after the deposition of the HA + 20 wt% SiO2 and HA coatings.
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Ugur, Deniz, Ihsan Efeoglu, and Sabri Altintas. "Characterization of Titanium and Niobium Doped DLC Films Grown by Pulsed DC PVD: Closed Field Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering (CFUBMS) Method." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44257.

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In this research, structural, tribological and mechanical characterization of Nb and Ti doped diamond like carbon (DLC) films was carried out. Films were grown on M2 high speed steel (HSS), glass and silicon wafer substrates by pulsed DC physical vapor deposition – closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering (PVD-CFUBMS) method. Structural characterization of the coatings was done by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) tests. Tribological characterization was completed by conducting pin on disk tests, scratch tests and surface profilometry analyses on wear scars. Hardness measurements were done with nanoindentation tests. It was noted that there existed excellent adhesion between the coating and the substrate, which is evidenced by the high critical loads reached in scratch tests.
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Khan, Tariq S., Mohamed S. Alshehhi, and Lyes Khezzar. "Characterization of Black Powder Found in Sales Gas Pipelines." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72255.

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Black powder (BP) is a typical contaminant usually found in sales gas pipelines. Its presence may cause major operational and maintenance issues including blockage of sensors and filters, erosion of pipeline bends and compromise the sales gas quality. There has been little known about its composition and sources of formation in the gas pipelines. Understanding its characteristics is considered crucial for appropriate mitigation planning and execution of smooth pipelines operations. Black powder samples collected from sales gas pipelines network of a Middle Eastern gas company are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) methods for surface analysis and phase identification of the crystalline material. These analyses revealed variation in size distribution and shape of the BP samples. Likewise, most of the BP particles were found agglomerated. EDX analysis of the sample has shown presence of iron as the most abundant element after sulfur. XRD patterns can be indexed with both iron oxides and sulfides suggesting presence of moisture and hydrogen sulfide in the gas.
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Nuruddin, Md, Mahesh Hosur, Eldon Triggs, and Shaik Jeelani. "Comparative Study of Properties of Cellulose Nanofibers From Wheat Straw Obtained by Chemical and Chemi-Mechanical Treatments." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36174.

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Objective of this work was to compare morphology, crystalline and thermal properties of cellulose nano fibers derived from wheat straw by two different processes (ball milling and acid hydrolysis treatment). The characterization of extracted CNFs was done by Scanning electron micrograph (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found from morphological, crystalline and thermal analyses that isolated cellulose nanofibers have diameter of nano meter ranges (10–25 nm), 68–80 % crystallinity and decomposition temperature of around 284–353° C, depending upon isolation techniques.
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Zhou, Qiujiao, Peng Zhao, Qijia Guo, Lin Li, Junling Chen, and Yuedong Meng. "Fabrication and Characterization of ICP Sprayed Boron Carbide Coating On Tungsten Monoblock." In ITSC2018, edited by F. Azarmi, K. Balani, H. Li, T. Eden, K. Shinoda, T. Hussain, F. L. Toma, Y. C. Lau, and J. Veilleux. ASM International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2018p0134.

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Abstract Presently one of the most important tendencies is the use of tungsten (W) monoblock material for the first wall and other plasma facing components (PFCs) in tokamak. The use of low Z materials such as B4C for protection of PFCs is a conventional method to decrease heavy impurity influx into tokamak plasma. This study involves the fabrication and characterization of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) thermal sprayed B4C coating on tungsten monoblock. Thickness of the coating was about 120μm. Surface morphology of the coating is presented with scanning electron microscope and metallographic microscope analyses. X-ray diffraction analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the main phase and chemical composition of the coatings were preserved when compared with that of the initial B4C powder. Adhesion test result revealed that the adhesion/cohesion strength of the coating was above 13.1 MPa. This work is innovative not only for the ICP thermal sprayed method for the B4C coating fabrication but for the plasma sprayed B4C on tungsten substrate.
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Reports on the topic "X-ray diffraction analyses"

1

Fredrich, J. T., and D. H. Zeuch. Petrographic and X-ray diffraction analyses of selected samples from Marker Bed 139 at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/231362.

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Chipera, S. J., and D. L. Bish. Quantitative x-ray diffraction analyses of samples used for sorption studies by the Isotope and Nuclear Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/137526.

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Minder, Michael. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy mineral analyses of some drill cuttings from the following 3 wells: Toolik Federal #2; Toolik Federal #3; and West Sak River State #5. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/19201.

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Jones, L. Ruthenium-Platinum Thin Film Analysis Using Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833117.

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Porter, Douglas L., and Kevin R. Tolman. X-Ray Diffraction Texture Analysis of Uranium Alloy Fuel PLN-5527 R0. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1547342.

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Stutzman, Paul E. X-ray powder diffraction analysis of three portland cement reference material clinkers. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4785.

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Hay, M., P. O'Rourke, and H. Ajo. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS OF TANK 18 SAMPLES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1036218.

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Lewis, Randolph. X-ray Diffraction and Neutron Scattering Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Spider Silk Fibers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1104739.

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Brennan, Sean M. Analysis of X-Ray Diffraction as a Probe of Interdiffusion in Si/SiGe Heterostructures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/815275.

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Grenier, M., T. Pang, and K. Butler. Inter-laboratory comparison tests for x-ray diffraction on-filter silica analysis - February 1992. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328856.

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