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Journal articles on the topic 'X-ray contrast agent'

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Published: 9 March 2023

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1

Geso, M. "Gold nanoparticles: a new X-ray contrast agent." British Journal of Radiology 80, no. 949 (January 2007): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr/28250432.

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2

Hainfeld, J. F., D. N. Slatkin, T. M. Focella, and H. M. Smilowitz. "Gold nanoparticles: a new X-ray contrast agent." British Journal of Radiology 79, no. 939 (March 2006): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr/13169882.

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3

Tse, Justin J., P. Joy Dunmore-Buyze, Maria Drangova, and David W. Holdsworth. "Erbium-Based Perfusion Contrast Agent for Small-Animal Microvessel Imaging." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7368384.

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Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) facilitates the visualization and quantification of contrast-enhanced microvessels within intact tissue specimens, but conventional preclinical vascular contrast agents may be inadequate near dense tissue (such as bone). Typical lead-based contrast agents do not exhibit optimal X-ray absorption properties when used with X-ray tube potentials below 90 kilo-electron volts (keV). We have developed a high-atomic number lanthanide (erbium) contrast agent, with a K-edge at 57.5 keV. This approach optimizes X-ray absorption in the output spectral band of conventional microfocal spot X-ray tubes. Erbium oxide nanoparticles (nominal diameter < 50 nm) suspended in a two-part silicone elastomer produce a perfusable fluid with viscosity of 19.2 mPa-s. Ultrasonic cavitation was used to reduce aggregate sizes to <70 nm. Postmortem intact mice were perfused to investigate the efficacy of contrast agent. The observed vessel contrast was >4000 Hounsfield units, and perfusion of vessels < 10 μm in diameter was demonstrated in kidney glomeruli. The described new contrast agent facilitated the visualization and quantification of vessel density and microarchitecture, even adjacent to dense bone. Erbium’s K-edge makes this contrast agent ideally suited for both single- and dual-energy micro-CT, expanding potential preclinical research applications in models of musculoskeletal, oncological, cardiovascular, and neurovascular diseases.
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4

Xi, Yan, Rongbiao Tang, Yujie Wang, and Jun Zhao. "Microbubbles as contrast agent for in-line x-ray phase-contrast imaging." Applied Physics Letters 99, no. 1 (July 4, 2011): 011101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3607292.

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5

Ghazanfari, Adibehalsadat, Shanti Marasini, Huan Yue, Son Long Ho, Xu Miao, Mohammad Yaseen Ahmad, Ji Ae Park, et al. "D-Glucuronic Acid-Coated Ultrasmall Bi2O3 Nanoparticles for CT Imaging." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 4638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17817.

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Ultrasmall Bi2O3 nanoparticles (davg = 1.5 nm) coated with biocompatible and hydrophilic D-glucuronic acid were prepared for the first time through a simple one-step polyol process and their potential as CT contrast agents were investigated by measuring their X-ray attenuation properties. Their observed X-ray attenuation power was stronger than that of a commercial iodine CT contrast agent at the same atomic concentration, as consistent with the magnitudes of atomic X-ray attenuation coefficients (i.e., Bi > I), and much stronger at the same number density. The results indicate that the nanoparticle sample is a potential CT contrast agent.
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6

Liu, Wei-Hung, Yang-Kao Wang, Chi-Chang Wu, Win-Pin Deng, Kuang-Hsun Lin, Wen-Cheng Lo, and Ching-Li Tseng. "Contrast enhancement of iohexol-cisplatin-gelatin complex under computed tomography imaging." Journal of Polymer Engineering 34, no. 3 (May 1, 2014): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2013-0223.

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Abstract X-ray computed tomography (CT) is one of the most powerful non-invasive diagnostic techniques nowadays. The iodinated molecules used as CT contrast agents in the clinic have short circulation times in the body, which significantly restrict its applications. Furthermore, some patients are hypersensitive to iodine. So, researchers have made tremendous efforts to improve the property of iodine. Besides, cis-diammineplatinum (II) dichloride (cisplatin), a major chemo agent for cancer treatment, possess higher X-ray attenuation coefficient being a CT contrast agent. The incorporation of cisplatin with an iodinated agent could facilitate the quality of CT images and damage cancer cells simultaneously. To reduce toxicity of a contrast agent, polymer matrix, gelatin, was incorporated for avoiding contact with nontarget cells. In this study, we combined the iodine contrast agent, 1,3-N-bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-[N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido]-2,4,6-triiodobenzene-1,3-dicarboxamide (iohexol), with cisplatin, and then examined them in a micro CT with different X-ray tube voltages (50 kV, 80 kV, 100 kV) to find optimal scanning conditions for imaging. As expected, iohexol combined with cisplatin enhanced X-ray attenuation and image contrast. The optimal CT image could be acquired at iohexol and cisplatin concentrations of 50 mg/ml and 3 mg/ml, respectively, under 80 kV irradiation. Finally, the iohexol-cisplatin-gelatin solution was then fabricated into nanoparticles of sizes about 240 nm, which may suitable for in vivo delivery.
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7

Bailat, Claude J., Theron J. Hamilton, Christoph Rose-Petruck, and Gerald J. Diebold. "Acoustic radiation pressure: A “phase contrast” agent for x-ray phase contrast imaging." Applied Physics Letters 85, no. 19 (2004): 4517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1818337.

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8

Barge, Alessandro, Francesca Baricco, Giancarlo Cravotto, Roberta Fretta, and Luciano Lattuada. "Mechanochemistry Applied to the Synthesis of X-ray Contrast Agent." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 8, no. 34 (August 17, 2020): 12825–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c02928.

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9

Frenzel, Thomas, Marcus Bauser, Markus Berger, Christoph Stephan Hilger, Christa Hegele-Hartung, Gregor Jost, Christian Neis, et al. "Characterization of a Novel Hafnium-Based X-ray Contrast Agent." Investigative Radiology 51, no. 12 (December 2016): 776–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/rli.0000000000000291.

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10

Saladino, Giovanni M., Nuzhet I. Kilic, Bertha Brodin, Bejan Hamawandi, Idris Yazgan, Hans M. Hertz, and Muhammet S. Toprak. "Carbon Quantum Dots Conjugated Rhodium Nanoparticles as Hybrid Multimodal Contrast Agents." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (August 24, 2021): 2165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092165.

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Nanoparticle (NP)-based contrast agents enabling different imaging modalities are sought for non-invasive bio-diagnostics. A hybrid material, combining optical and X-ray fluorescence is presented as a bioimaging contrast agent. Core NPs based on metallic rhodium (Rh) have been demonstrated to be potential X-ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography (XFCT) contrast agents. Microwave-assisted hydrothermal method is used for NP synthesis, yielding large-scale NPs within a significantly short reaction time. Rh NP synthesis is performed by using a custom designed sugar ligand (LODAN), constituting a strong reducing agent in aqueous solution, which yields NPs with primary amines as surface functional groups. The amino groups on Rh NPs are used to directly conjugate excitation-independent nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (CQDs), which are synthesized through citrate pyrolysis in ammonia solution. CQDs provided the Rh NPs with optical fluorescence properties and improved their biocompatibility, as demonstrated in vitro by Real-Time Cell Analysis (RTCA) on a macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). The multimodal characteristics of the hybrid NPs are confirmed with confocal microscopy, and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) phantom experiments.
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11

Shirai, Ryota, Takuya Kunii, Akio Yoneyama, Takahito Ooizumi, Hiroko Maruyama, Thet-Thet Lwin, Kazuyuki Hyodo, and Tohoru Takeda. "Enhanced renal image contrast by ethanol fixation in phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 21, no. 4 (June 12, 2014): 795–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577514010558.

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Phase-contrast X-ray imaging using a crystal X-ray interferometer can depict the fine structures of biological objects without the use of a contrast agent. To obtain higher image contrast, fixation techniques have been examined with 100% ethanol and the commonly used 10% formalin, since ethanol causes increased density differences against background due to its physical properties and greater dehydration of soft tissue. Histological comparison was also performed. A phase-contrast X-ray system was used, fitted with a two-crystal X-ray interferometer at 35 keV X-ray energy. Fine structures, including cortex, tubules in the medulla, and the vessels of ethanol-fixed kidney could be visualized more clearly than that of formalin-fixed tissues. In the optical microscopic images, shrinkage of soft tissue and decreased luminal space were observed in ethanol-fixed kidney; and this change was significantly shown in the cortex and outer stripe of the outer medulla. The ethanol fixation technique enhances image contrast by approximately 2.7–3.2 times in the cortex and the outer stripe of the outer medulla; the effect of shrinkage and the physical effect of ethanol cause an increment of approximately 78% and 22%, respectively. Thus, the ethanol-fixation technique enables the image contrast to be enhanced in phase-contrast X-ray imaging.
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12

Kljubin, V. V., K. A. Kljubina, and K. N. Makovetskaya. "Determination of free iodine concentration in an X-ray contrast agent." Optics and Spectroscopy 120, no. 4 (April 2016): 546–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0030400x16040135.

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13

Wharton, Tim, and Lon J. Wilson. "Highly-Iodinated Fullerene as a Contrast Agent For X-ray Imaging." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 10, no. 11 (November 2002): 3545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00252-3.

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14

Morisetti, Alberto, Piero Tirone, Franco Luzzani, and Christoph de Haën. "Toxicological safety assessment of iomeprol, a new X-ray contrast agent." European Journal of Radiology 18 (May 1994): S21—S31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0720-048x(94)90091-4.

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15

Sugihara, Matthew N., Diane Moeller, Tias Paul, and Timothy J. Strathmann. "TiO2-photocatalyzed transformation of the recalcitrant X-ray contrast agent diatrizoate." Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 129 (January 2013): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2012.09.013.

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16

Ahn, Sungsook, Sung Yong Jung, Jin Pyung Lee, and Sang Joon Lee. "Imaging efficiency of an X-ray contrast agent-incorporated polymeric microparticle." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 6, no. 6 (November 2011): 437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cmmi.440.

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17

Park, Yeon-Su, Luis M. Liz-Marzán, Atsuo Kasuya, Yoshio Kobayashi, Daisuke Nagao, Mikio Konno, Sergiy Mamykin, Andriy Dmytruk, Motohiro Takeda, and Noriaki Ohuchi. "X-Ray Absorption of Gold Nanoparticles with Thin Silica Shell." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 3503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.17970.

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Silica-coated gold (Au) nanoparticles were prepared and their morphological and X-ray absorption properties were investigated. These core–shell type nanoparticles are very stable in aqueous media and may be suitable for an X-ray contrast agent in biological systems. Transmission electron micrographs confirmed well-separated and relatively homogeneous morphology of the nanoparticles in highly concentrated colloids. Peak position for Au plasmon resonance was red-shifted with increasing shell thickness. X-ray absorption by the colloids of silica-coated Au nanoparticles was stronger than that by those of silica-coated AgI nanoparticles, a recently investigated X-ray contrast agent, at similar experimental conditions.
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18

Shastry, Abhishek, Xabier Villanueva, Hans Steenackers, Veerle Cnudde, Eric Robles, and Matthieu N. Boone. "Study on the Effect of Contrast Agent on Biofilms and Their Visualization in Porous Substrate Using X-ray μCT." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (August 6, 2020): 5435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165435.

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Investigation of biofilms and visualization using non-destructive imaging techniques like X-ray μCT has recently gained interest. Biofilms are congregations of microorganisms that attach to surfaces and comprise of microbial cells embedded in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). They are ubiquitous entities that are commonly found in any non-sterile setting and have direct implications on human health. Methods to visualize them in-situ are highly needed to understand their behaviour (attachment and detachment) inside a substrate. Contrast-enhanced X-ray μCT is a 3D imaging technique that is capable of visualising objects that have very low attenuation contrast. The use of contrast agents in X-ray μCT has been an evolving process, however, the possible toxic effect of these chemical compounds against biofilms has not been studied in detail. In this study, we focus on the toxic effect of contrast agents and study the diffusion and drainage of contrast agents in biofilms. We propose using water-soluble potassium bromide (KBr) as a suitable contrast agent for enhancement of the attenuation coefficient of a monoculture of Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms inside a porous substrate. At the given concentration, KBr proved to be less bactericidal compared to other commonly used contrast agents and at 5% w/v concentration we were able to clearly distinguish between the biofilm and the porous substrate.
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19

Karunamuni, R., A. Tsourkas, and A. D. A. Maidment. "Exploring silver as a contrast agent for contrast-enhanced dual-energy X-ray breast imaging." British Journal of Radiology 87, no. 1041 (September 2014): 20140081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20140081.

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20

Tønnesen, Lisbeth Ehnebom, Berit Fjærtoft Pedersen, Jo Klaveness, Per Halfdan Nielsen, David J. Timmerman-Vaughan, Barbara Pniewska, Danuta Rasała, and Ryszard Gawinecki. "Molecular and Crystal Structure of Iodixanol, a New X-Ray Contrast Agent." Acta Chemica Scandinavica 49 (1995): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.49-0433.

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21

Tønnesen, Lisbeth Ehnebom, Berit Fjærtoft Pedersen, Jo Klaveness, Ward T. Robinson, Bryan R. Wood, William Errington, Carl Erik Olsen, et al. "Molecular and Crystal Structure of Sodium Diatrizoate, an X-Ray Contrast Agent." Acta Chemica Scandinavica 50 (1996): 603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.50-0603.

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22

Ehnebom, L., and B. Fjaertoft Pedersen. "Molecular and crystal structure of a new X-ray contrast agent, C35H44I6N6O15." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 49, s1 (August 21, 1993): c180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767378094842.

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23

Bonitatibus, Peter J., Andrew S. Torres, Binil Kandapallil, Brian D. Lee, Greg D. Goddard, Robert E. Colborn, and Michael E. Marino. "Preclinical Assessment of a Zwitterionic Tantalum Oxide Nanoparticle X-ray Contrast Agent." ACS Nano 6, no. 8 (July 25, 2012): 6650–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn300928g.

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24

Mamashina, E. A., T. N. Bokovikova, and E. P. Gernikova. "Method for Identification of the New X-Ray Contrast Agent Yttrium Orthotantalate." Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 42, no. 7 (July 2008): 429–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11094-008-0142-6.

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25

Shastry, Abhishek, Paolo Palacio-Mancheno, Karl Braeckman, Sander Vanheule, Ivan Josipovic, Frederic Van Assche, Eric Robles, Veerle Cnudde, Luc Van Hoorebeke, and Matthieu Boone. "In-Situ High Resolution Dynamic X-ray Microtomographic Imaging of Olive Oil Removal in Kitchen Sponges by Squeezing and Rinsing." Materials 11, no. 8 (August 20, 2018): 1482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11081482.

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Recent advances in high resolution X-ray tomography (μCT) technology have enabled in-situ dynamic μCT imaging (4D-μCT) of time-dependent processes inside 3D structures, non-destructively and non-invasively. This paper illustrates the application of 4D-μCT for visualizing the removal of fatty liquids from kitchen sponges made of polyurethane after rinsing (absorption), squeezing (desorption) and cleaning (adding detergents). For the first time, time-dependent imaging of this type of system was established with sufficiently large contrast gradient between water (with/without detergent) and olive oil (model fat) by the application of suitable fat-sensitive X-ray contrast agents. Thus, contrasted olive oil filled sponges were rinsed and squeezed in a unique laboratory loading device with a fluid flow channel designed to fit inside a rotating gantry-based X-ray μCT system. Results suggest the use of brominated vegetable oil as a preferred contrast agent over magnetite powder for enhancing the attenuation coefficient of olive oil in a multi fluid filled kitchen sponge. The contrast agent (brominated vegetable oil) and olive oil were mixed and subsequently added on to the sponge. There was no disintegration seen in the mixture of contrast agent and olive oil during the cleaning process by detergents. The application of contrast agents also helped in accurately tracking the movement and volume changes of soils in compressed open cell structures. With the in house-built cleaning device, it was quantified that almost 99% of cleaning was possible for contrasted olive oil (brominated vegetable oil with olive oil) dispersed in the sponge. This novel approach allowed for realistic mimicking of the cleaning process and provided closer evaluation of the effectiveness of cleaning by detergents to minimize bacterial growth.
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Nieves, Lenitza M., Jessica C. Hsu, Kristen C. Lau, Andrew D. A. Maidment, and David P. Cormode. "Silver telluride nanoparticles as biocompatible and enhanced contrast agents for X-ray imaging: an in vivo breast cancer screening study." Nanoscale 13, no. 1 (2021): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr05489e.

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Silver telluride nanoparticles (Ag2Te NPs) show good biocompatibility, enhanced contrast, and blood pool agent characteristics and thus could be used contrast agents for breast cancer screening.
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27

Le, Ngoc An, Willy Kuo, Bert Müller, Vartan Kurtcuoglu, and Bernhard Spingler. "Crosslinkable polymeric contrast agent for high-resolution X-ray imaging of the vascular system." Chemical Communications 56, no. 44 (2020): 5885–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc09883f.

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28

Klaveness, Jo. "5242683 Contrast media comprising a paramagnetic agent and an iodinated agent for X-ray and MRI." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 12, no. 5 (January 1994): XIV. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0730-725x(94)92255-1.

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29

Bosworth, Mark E., Thomas Dunn, Warren Hall, Richard G. Johnson, Mills Kneller, Youlin Lin, Rebecca A. Wallace, David White, and David Wong. "5221485 Purification of X-ray contrast agent, magnetic resonance imaging agent, or radiopharmaceuticals using reverse osmosis." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 12, no. 3 (January 1994): IX. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0730-725x(94)92584-4.

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30

Wen, Ya, Wang Zhu, Xuejun Zhang, and Shao-Kai Sun. "Fabrication of gelatin Bi2S3 capsules as a highly sensitive X-ray contrast agent for gastrointestinal motility assessment in vivo." RSC Advances 12, no. 22 (2022): 13645–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra00993e.

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Bi2S3 capsules were developed as an X-ray contrast agent for gastrointestinal motility assessment based on X-ray, CT and spectral CT imaging in vivo. The X-ray attenuation ability of Bi2S3 makes it suitable for gastrointestinal motility evaluation.
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31

Miao, Peng, Zhixia Wu, Miao Li, Yuanyuan Ji, Bohua Xie, Xiaojie Lin, and Guo-Yuan Yang. "Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Phase-Contrast Tomography Visualizes Microvasculature Changes in Mice Brains after Ischemic Injury." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3258494.

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Imaging brain microvasculature is important in plasticity studies of cerebrovascular diseases. Applying contrast agents, traditionalμCT andμMRI methods gain imaging contrast for vasculature. The aim of this study is to develop a synchrotron radiation X-ray inline phase-contrast tomography (SRXPCT) method for imaging the intact mouse brain (micro)vasculature in high resolution (~3.7 μm) without contrast agent. A specific preparation protocol was proposed to enhance the phase contrast of brain vasculature by using density difference over gas-tissue interface. The CT imaging system was developed and optimized to obtain 3D brain vasculature of adult male C57BL/6 mice. The SRXPCT method was further applied to investigate the microvasculature changes in mouse brains (n=14) after 14-day reperfusion from transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). 3D reconstructions of brain microvasculature demonstrated that the branching radius ratio (post- to preinjury) of small vessels (radius < 7.4 μm) in the injury group was significantly smaller than that in the sham group (p<0.05). This result revealed the active angiogenesis in the recovery brain after stroke. As a high-resolution and contrast-agent-free method, the SRXPCT method demonstrates higher potential in investigations of functional plasticity in cerebrovascular diseases.
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Tønnesen, Lisbeth Ehnebom, Rune Fossheim, Jo Klaveness, Berit Fjærtoft Pedersen, Terje Thomassen, Frode Mo, Tamas Bartfai, and Ülo Langel. "Structural Studies of a Particulate X-Ray Contrast Agent: a Multi-Method Approach." Acta Chemica Scandinavica 49 (1995): 625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.49-0625.

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McGinnity, Tracie L., Owen Dominguez, Tyler E. Curtis, Prakash D. Nallathamby, Anthony J. Hoffman, and Ryan K. Roeder. "Hafnia (HfO2) nanoparticles as an X-ray contrast agent and mid-infrared biosensor." Nanoscale 8, no. 28 (2016): 13627–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nr03217f.

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Balint, Richard, Tristan Lowe, and Tom Shearer. "Optimal Contrast Agent Staining of Ligaments and Tendons for X-Ray Computed Tomography." PLOS ONE 11, no. 4 (April 14, 2016): e0153552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153552.

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35

Rivera, Eladio J., Lesa A. Tran, Mayra Hernández-Rivera, Diana Yoon, Antonios G. Mikos, Irene A. Rusakova, Benjamin Y. Cheong, et al. "Bismuth@US-tubes as a potential contrast agent for X-ray imaging applications." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 1, no. 37 (2013): 4792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3tb20742k.

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Zhao, Wenjing, Zhiming Wang, Chusen Huang, and Nengqin Jia. "A biomimetic Au@HSA nanocomposites-based contrast agent for x‐ray computed tomography." Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 14, no. 5 (July 2018): 1828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2017.11.241.

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37

Ashcroft, J. M., K. B. Hartman, K. R. Kissell, Y. Mackeyev, S. Pheasant, S. Young, P. A. W. Van der Heide, A. G. Mikos, and L. J. Wilson. "Single-Molecule I2@US-Tube Nanocapsules: A New X-ray Contrast-Agent Design." Advanced Materials 19, no. 4 (February 19, 2007): 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200601424.

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38

Wang, Yi, Lech Muszynski, and John Simonsen. "Gold as an X-ray CT scanning contrast agent: Effect on the mechanical properties of wood plastic composites." Holzforschung 61, no. 6 (November 1, 2007): 723–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2007.117.

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Abstract Wood plastic composites (WPCs) are typically composed of wood particles, thermoplastic polymers and small amounts of additives. Further improvement of WPC technology requires a better understanding of their mechanical performance and durability on the micro level. X-ray computed tomography (CT) and advanced imaging techniques can provide visualization and support characterization of the internal structure, deformation and damage accumulation in WPCs under loading and various environmental exposures. However, both wood and thermoplastics are weakly attenuating materials for X-ray and good contrast between these two components is difficult to obtain. In the present study, chemically inert gold nano-particles and micro-particles were investigated as contrast agents to improve X-ray CT scanning contrast between wood and thermoplastics. The effect of adding 1% (by wt.) gold nano- and micro-particles on the tensile properties of wood/high-density polyethylene composites was addressed. Samples with and without surfactant were tested in tension and scanned on a custom desktop X-ray CT system. It was found that the addition of gold particles did not impair the WPC tensile properties. However, some of the tensile properties were significantly affected if the surfactant was included. Gold micro-particles were shown to disperse well without surfactant and significantly improve the X-ray CT scanning contrast between wood and polymer, while gold nano-particles (without surfactant) did not disperse well and do not contribute to contrast improvement.
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39

Oguri, Y., Y. Hu, K. Kondo, H. Fukuda, and J. Hasegawa. "Digital subtraction cineangiography using proton-induced quasi-monochromatic pulsed X-rays." International Journal of PIXE 23, no. 01n02 (January 2013): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083513400032.

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Two different kinds of metallic plates on a rotating disk target were irradiated with a MeV proton beam, and quasi-monochromatic pulsed X-rays with different energies around the absorption edge of the contrast medium were alternately produced. By using these dual-energy X-rays and a high-sensitivity X-ray movie camera, we took a motion picture of the transmission image of a periodically moving phantom, which simulated a rat heart as a test animal. We found that the enhanced movie imaging of the contrast agent is available by subtraction between adjacent picture frames.
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40

Hill, Melissa L., Ivan Gorelikov, Farnaz Niroui, Ronald B. Levitin, James G. Mainprize, Martin J. Yaffe, J. A. Rowlands, and Naomi Matsuura. "Towards a nanoscale mammographic contrast agent: development of a modular pre-clinical dual optical/x-ray agent." Physics in Medicine and Biology 58, no. 15 (July 12, 2013): 5215–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/58/15/5215.

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Izadifar, Mohammad, Michael E. Kelly, and Lissa Peeling. "Synchrotron speckle-based x-ray phase-contrast imaging for mapping intra-aneurysmal blood flow without contrast agent." Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express 4, no. 1 (November 27, 2017): 015011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/aa8e0d.

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Wang, Feixiang, Panting Zhou, Ke Li, Muyassar Mamtilahun, Yaohui Tang, Guohao Du, Biao Deng, Honglan Xie, Guoyuan Yang, and Tiqiao Xiao. "Sensitive imaging of intact microvessels in vivo with synchrotron radiation." IUCrJ 7, no. 5 (July 11, 2020): 793–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252520008234.

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Abstract:
Early stages of diseases, including stroke, hypertension, angiogenesis of tumours, spinal cord injuries, etc., are closely associated with the lesions of microvasculature. Rodent models of human vascular diseases are extensively used for the preclinical investigation of the disease evolution and therapy with synchrotron radiation. Therefore, non-invasive and in vivo X-ray imaging with high sensitivity and clarity is desperately needed to visualize the microvessels in live-animal models. Contrast agent is essential for the in vivo X-ray imaging of vessels and angiomatous tissue. Because of the non-rigid motion of adjacent tissues, the short circulation time and the intermittent flow of contrast agents in vessels, it is a great challenge for the traditional X-ray imaging methods to achieve well defined images of microvessels in vivo. In this article, move contrast X-ray imaging (MCXI) based on high-brightness synchrotron radiation is developed to overcome the intrinsic defects in conventional methods. Experiments with live rodents demonstrate the practicability of the MCXI method for sensitive and intact imaging of microvessels in vivo.
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Fossheim, Rune, Trygve Gulbrandsen, Hanno Priebe, Arne Jørgen Aasen, Terje Thomassen, Frode Mo, Tamas Bartfai, and Ülo Langel. "Rotational Barriers and the Number of Stereoisomers of Iodixanol, an X-Ray Contrast Agent." Acta Chemica Scandinavica 49 (1995): 589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.49-0589.

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A. Isola, Gbadebo, Margaret K. Akinloye, Yekinni K. Sanusi, Paul S. Ayanlola, and Gabriel A. Alamu. "Optimizing X-Ray Imaging Using Plant Mediated Gold Nanoparticles as Contrast Agent: A Review." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation 08, no. 08 (2021): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2021.8809.

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45

Maruhashi, T., H. Kiji, T. Toyoda, J. Kataoka, M. Arimoto, S. Kobayashi, H. Kawashima, S. Terazawa, S. Shiota, and H. Ikeda. "Demonstration of multiple contrast agent imaging for the next generation color X-ray CT." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 958 (April 2020): 162801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.162801.

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Hernández-Rivera, Mayra, Ish Kumar, Stephen Y. Cho, Benjamin Y. Cheong, Merlyn X. Pulikkathara, Sakineh E. Moghaddam, Kenton H. Whitmire, and Lon J. Wilson. "High-Performance Hybrid Bismuth–Carbon Nanotube Based Contrast Agent for X-ray CT Imaging." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 9, no. 7 (February 7, 2017): 5709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b12768.

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Molander, P., M. Theodorsen, E. Lundanes, D. M. Soerenssen, and T. Greibrokk. "Temperature Effects on Packed-Capillary Liquid Chromatography of the X-ray Contrast Agent lodixanol." Journal of Chromatographic Science 38, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/38.4.157.

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48

Robison, Lee, Lin Zhang, Riki J. Drout, Peng Li, Chad R. Haney, Anlil Brikha, Hyunho Noh, et al. "A Bismuth Metal–Organic Framework as a Contrast Agent for X-ray Computed Tomography." ACS Applied Bio Materials 2, no. 3 (February 15, 2019): 1197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.8b00778.

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Deimling, Luiz Irineu, Fernanda L. S. Machado, Aruanã G. Welker, Leandro M. Peres, and Renato Santos-Mello. "Micronucleus induction in mouse polychromatic erythrocytes by an X-ray contrast agent containing iodine." Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 672, no. 1 (January 2009): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.09.008.

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Velroyen, A., M. Bech, A. Malecki, A. Tapfer, A. Yaroshenko, M. Ingrisch, C. C. Cyran, et al. "Microbubbles as a scattering contrast agent for grating-based x-ray dark-field imaging." Physics in Medicine and Biology 58, no. 4 (February 1, 2013): N37—N46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/58/4/n37.

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