Relevant bibliographies by topics / X Effect of stress on

Academic literature on the topic 'X Effect of stress on'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "X Effect of stress on"

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Wallgren, Lars Göran. "Theory Y Embedded in Theory X." International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals 4, no. 4 (October 2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhcitp.2013100101.

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Using the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, this cross-sectional study tests whether the direct effects and interaction effects of job demand and motivators affect the level of perceived stress among information technology (IT) consultants. A web-based questionnaire survey was conducted among 380 IT consultants at ten IT consultancy companies in Sweden. The results showed that job demands, autonomy, and motivators are important factors that explain perceived stress among the IT consultants. Those consultants with a high level of job demands and a low level of autonomy had a four times higher risk of perceived stress than the consultants with the theoretically lowest level of strain. However, the interaction effect of job demands/autonomy and the interaction effect of job demands/motivators on perceived stress were non-significant. It is suggested that IT consultants’ autonomy exists within the demands dictated by others - Theory Y embedded in Theory X. Future avenues for research are suggested.
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HASEGAWA, TOHRU. "Anti-Stress Effect of ?-Carotene." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 691, no. 1 Carotenoids i (December 1993): 281–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26196.x.

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Zhang, Zhu Wu, Qin Yao, Ai Ping Wu, and Ling Zhu Gong. "Surface Treatment Effect on Measurement of Welding Residual Stress Using X-Ray Stress Analyzer." Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (January 2013): 617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.617.

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The effects of welding residual stress (WRS) would be harmful to safety and intensity of pressure vessel. X-ray stress analyzer (XRSA) can be used to non-destructively quantitative analyze WRS. In this study, stress changes of constant stress beam in loading process were tested using strain gauge (SG), strain rosette (SR) and XRSA, and their test results were compared to analyze measurement errors of XRSA. It was found that the property of XRSA meets the experimental requirement. The machining stress in surface of welding test plate could be completely removed after 4 min electrolytic polishing under 1 A current and 100% NaCl electrolyte. The WRS of welding test plate was tested by XRSA after machining stress completely removed, and its distribution along vertical welding seam direction corresponded with theory calculation. Furthermore, XRSA as a non-destructive method will be more used to study WRS of pressure vessel, so these results can provide scientific basis for the studying.
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Kumari, Priyanka, and H. K. Jaiswal. "Effect of cold stress on boro rice seedlings." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 1036–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1318.

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Cold stress at seedling stage is a major constraint in boro rice production. Nine boro rice lines were crossed in diallel fashion excluding reciprocals to obtain 36 crosses. All the 36 crosses along with parents were grown in nursery in three seasons (boro-2014, kharif-2015 and boro-2015). Performance of seedlings for survival per cent, chlorophyll content, relative water content, membrane stability index was recorded just before transplanting in all the three seasons. Scoring for cold tolerance was done in both boro seasons. Gautam showed highest survival rate over three seasons. Among crosses, IR 64 x Krishna Hamsa showed highest survival (84%) in boro-2014, MTU 1010 x Jaya (86.33%) in boro-2015 and MTU 1010 x Krishna Hamsa (95.67%) in kharif-2015. Jaya x Krishna Hamsa was most cold tolerant cross over both boro seasons. Significant positive correlation was observed among survival per cent, chlorophyll content, relative water content and membrane stability index over seasons.
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Dong, Ping, Yuze Chen, and Juesheng Zou. "Effect of stress gradients in the surface layer of beryllium on X-ray stress measurement." Materials Characterization 49, no. 5 (December 2002): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1044-5803(02)00324-8.

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François, Manuel, C. Ferreira, and Ronald Guillén. "Effects of Temperature Fluctuations on X-Ray Stress Determination." Materials Science Forum 490-491 (July 2005): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.490-491.183.

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The results presented in this paper are part of a process to analyse systematically the sources of uncertainty in X-ray stress determination. They concern one part of the effects of temperature variations which could intervene either as random fluctuations or as a monotonic drift during the acquisition. The proposed formulation is in agreement with the recommendations of the ISO guide on the expression of uncertainty (GUM). It was found that the effect is usually negligible for laboratory experiments which are often temperature controlled and for most materials. However the uncertainty can reach 20 MPa for austenitic steels and a temperature drift of 2 K.
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RAHAMAN, M. N., L. C. JONGHE, and R. J. BROOK. "Effect of Shear Stress on Sintering." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 69, no. 1 (January 1986): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1986.tb04693.x.

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Nakamura, S., and T. Ohgaku. "Effect of ultrasonic oscillatory stress on deformation luminescence of X-irradiated." Radiation Measurements 43, no. 2-6 (February 2008): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.10.020.

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Sela, Shifra, Revital Shurtz-Swirski, Galina Shapiro, Lubna Nasser, Munir Hamzi, Shaul M. Shasha, and Batya Kristal. "Oxidative stress during hemodialysis: Effect of heparin." Kidney International 59, s78 (February 2001): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.07830.x.

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Sela, Shifra, Revital Shurtz-Swirski, Galina Shapiro, Lubna Nasser, Munir Hamzi, Shaul M. Shasha, and Batya Kristal. "Oxidative stress during hemodialysis: Effect of heparin." Kidney International 59 (February 2001): S159—S163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.59780159.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "X Effect of stress on"

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Wagner, Vanda Doreen. "Effect of a preoperative warming intervention on the acute phase response of surgical stress." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002274.

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Hantsoo, Liisa Victoria. "Interactive Effect of the Serotonin Transporter 5-HTTLPR Genotype and Chronic Stress on Depressive Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1266260369.

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Ward, Allan III. "Residual Stress Effects on Power Slump and Wafer Breakage in GaAs MESFETs." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30503.

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The objectives of this investigation are to develop a precise, non-destructive single crystal stress measurement technique, develop a model to explain the phenomenon known as 3power slump2, and investigate the role of device processing on wafer breakage. All three objectives were successfully met. The single crystal stress technique uses a least squares analysis of X-ray diffraction data to calculate the full stress tensor. In this way, precise non-destructive stress measurements can be made with known error bars. Rocking curve analysis, stress gradient corrections, and a data reliability technique were implemented to ensure that the stress data are correct. A theory was developed to explain 3power slump2, which is a rapid decrease in the amplifying properties of microwave amplifier circuits during operation. The model explains that for the particular geometry and bias configuration of the devices studied in this research, power slump is linearly related to shear stress at values of less than 90 MPa. The microscopic explanation of power slump is that radiation enhanced dislocation glide increases the kink concentration, thereby increasing the generation center concentration in the active region of the device. These generation centers increase the total gate current, leading to a decrease in the amplifying properties of the device. Passivation layer processing has been shown to both reduce the fracture strength and increase the residual stress in GaAs wafers, making them more susceptible to wafer breakage. Bare wafers are found to have higher fracture strength than passivated wafers. Bare wafers are also found to contain less residual stress than SiON passivated wafers, which, in turn, are found to have less stress than SiN passivated wafers. Topographic imaging suggests that SiN passivated wafers have larger flaws than SiON passivated wafers, and that the distribution of flaw size among SiN passivated wafers is wider than the distribution of flaws in SiON passivated wafers. These flaws are believed to lead to breakage of the device during processing, resulting in low fabrication yield. Both the power slump model and the wafer breakage data show that these phenomena are dependent on residual stress developed in the substrate during device fabrication. Reduction of process-induced residual stress should therefore simultaneously decrease wafer breakage rates and reduce power slump during device fabrication and operation.
Ph. D.
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Liu, Xiaodong. "Effects of stress on intergranular corrosion and intergranular stress corrosion cracking in AA2024-T3." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1133313637.

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Hengari, Simeon Ngaitungue. "The growth response of Eucalyptus grandis x E. camaldulensis to salt stress, ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae double colonisation /." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/390.

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Reubush, Kimberly J. "The effects of acute handling stress on the secondary stress responses of striped bass (Morone saxtilis) and its hybrid (Morone chrysops x Morone saxtilis)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41933.

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Koh, Cha San. "Poplar oxidoreductases involved in the oxidative stress response : a crystallographic snapshot towards the understanding of the catalytic mechanism." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10028/document.

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La structure de trois oxydoréductases (la glutathion peroxydase (Gpx), la thiorédoxine (Trx) et la glutarédoxine (Grx)) de Populus trichocarpa × deltoides (le peuplier) a été caractérisée par diffraction des rayons X. Les Gpxs forment un groupe d’enzymes qui régulent la concentration des espèces réactives de l'oxygène (ROS) dans les cellules, et qui les protègent des effets d’un stress oxydant. Contrairement à leurs homologues d’origine animale, les Gpxs végétales ne dépendent pas du glutathion (GSH) mais des Trx pour leur fonctionnement. Dans cette étude, j'ai résolu les structures des formes réduite et oxydée de la Gpx5 de peuplier et montré que des changements conformationnels drastiques sont nécessaires pour passer d’une forme à l’autre. Les Trxs régulent diverses protéines cibles par la réduction de leur pont disulfure. Mon objectif était de comprendre le mécanisme catalytique d’une nouvelle isoforme, la PtTrxh4, dont la capacité à accepter des électrons de la Grx a été récemment démontrée. Cette PtTrxh4 contient trois cystéines, la première localisée dans une extension en position N-terminale (Cys4) et deux situées dans le site actif classique (WC1GPC2) de la Trx. Les résolutions des structures de l’enzyme sauvage et du mutant C4S m’ont permis de proposer un mécanisme catalytique en quatre étapes en accord avec les études enzymatiques. Les Grxs sont des protéines qui utilisent des électrons du GSH en particulier pour catalyser des réactions d'échange de thiol-disulfure. Ici, je présente la structure de la PtGrxS12 (en complexe avec le GSH), la première structure de la Grx végétale de sous-classe 1 ayant un site actif de motif atypique 28WCSYS32
Three oxidoreductases (glutathione peroxidase, GPX; thioredoxin, Trx and glutaredoxin, Grx) from Populus trichocarpa × deltoides (poplar tree) were characterized using X-ray crystallography approach. GPXs are a group of enzymes that regulate the levels of oxygen species in cells, and protect them against oxidative damage. In this study, I have determined the crystal structures of the reduced and oxidized form of poplar GPX5 (PtGPX5). Comparison of both redox structures indicates that a drastic conformational change is necessary to bring the two distant cysteine residues together to form an intramolecular disulfide bond. Trxs regulate various protein partners through the thiol-disulfide(s) reduction. The aim of this study is thus to precisely describe the catalytic mechanism of a new isoform of Trx, PtTrxh4, since it has been demonstrated recently to be reduced by Grx. PtTrxh4 contains three cysteines; one localized in an N-terminal extension (Cys4) and two in the usual Trx active site (WC1GPC2). Two crystal structures of PtTrxh4 solved in this study, wild-type and C61S mutant, allow us to propose a four-step disulfide cascade catalytic mechanism in accordance with enzymatic studies. Grxs are highly conserved redox-proteins that utilize electrons from GSH particularly to catalyze thiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Here, I present the structure of glutathionylated PtGrxS12, the first structure of plant Grx of subclass 1 with an atypical 28WCSYS32 active site. Protein structures solved here shed lights to our understanding of the redox mechanism in plant and to the enzyme-substrate interactions
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Taylor, Joshua Edward Logan. "Investigating the effects of stress on the microstructure of nuclear grade graphite." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigating-the-effects-of-stress-on-the-microstructure-of-nuclear-grade-graphite(eb30164d-7e26-4ef7-a787-8ba2f4563994).html.

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Graphite is used as a moderating material and as a structural component in a number of current generation nuclear reactors. During reactor operation stresses develop in the graphite components, causing them to deform. If significant numbers of graphite components were to fail in this manner, the material’s effectiveness as a neutron moderator will be reduced, and the reactor’s safe operation may be compromised. It is therefore important to understand how the microstructure of graphite affects the material’s response to these stresses. Despite much research into the effects of stress on nuclear grade graphite, there remain gaps in our understanding of this process, and there are a number of frequently observed limitations in the current research. Many existing studies either focus on the bulk material, ignoring the important changes at the microlevel; or focus on residual stresses due to the lack of available in-situ data. An experimental programme was designed to study stress-induced changes to the microstructures of Gilsocarbon and Pile Grade A graphite used in UK nuclear reactors. Particular focus was paid to the deformation of the pore structure, since graphite is highly porous and the porosity has a significant effect on the strength and structural integrity of the graphite components. A compression rig was used to simulate the build-up of operational stresses, during which confocal laser microscopy and X-ray tomography were performed to quantify changes to the pore structure at the microlevel; while X-ray diffraction was performed to study deformation of the crystal lattice and quantify the build-up of lattice strains. Pore properties of interest included pore area, surface area, volume, eccentricity, orientation, angularity and separation. Crystal lattice properties of interest included layer spacing, unit cell and crystallite size parameters, lattice strains and Bacon Anisotropy Factor. The experimental and analytical techniques were designed to significantly enhance our current understanding of how graphite responds to stress, with each observation made using a novel technique or improving the effectiveness of existing techniques. These studies have enabled significant novel observations and discussions of the stress-induced deformation behaviour of nuclear grade graphite to be made.
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Galitz, Christopher Lee. "The Effects of Early-Age Stress on the Elastic and Viscoelastic Behavior of Cement Paste." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56988.

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The viscoelastic behavior of concrete, nearly completely attributable to changes in properties in the cement paste, is an ongoing area of research with the objective of avoiding unpredictable response and potentially failure of concrete structures. This research explores the elastic and viscoelastic response in cement paste beams using relaxation testing, with and without strain reversals in the load history. It was seen that strain reversal imparts significant changes in mechanical response, retarding load relaxation. Companion beams were tested for chemical composition at varying depths in the beam section and the results were compared to those of control specimens not subject to stress. Results indicate significant variations in composition implying that stress accelerates the hydration process. The reasons behind the acceleration are discussed and incorporated into a preliminary solidification-dissolution model for beam relaxation. The model, though in need of improvement through further research, shows promise in potentially predicting relaxation in cement paste and by extension, in concrete structures.
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Khan, Munhammad Kashif. "Scribe Marks at Fuselage Joints-Determination of Residual Stress and Effects of Fatigue Loading using Nanoindention and Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction." Thesis, Open University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518174.

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Books on the topic "X Effect of stress on"

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Weinstein, Richard. The Stress Effect. New York: Penguin USA, Inc., 2009.

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Pathak, Bhawani. Cold stress. Hamilton, Ont: Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 1987.

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Knauer, Virginia H. Special report on cold stress (hypothermia) and heat stress. Washington, D.C: U.S. Office of Consumer Affairs, 1987.

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Kadukova, Jana. Phytoremediation and stress: Evaluation of heavy metal-induced stress in plants. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Hohmann, Stefan. Yeast stress responses. Austin: R.G. Landes Co., 1997.

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Josipovic, Stanislas. Heat stress: Causes, treatment and prevention. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2012.

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Hypothermia and cold stress. Rockville, Md: Aspen Systems Corp., 1986.

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Shabala, S. Plant stress physiology. Edited by C. A. B. International. Cambridge, MA: CABI, 2012.

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Moch, Annie. Les stress de l'environnemment: De la perception au stress. Saint Denis: Presses Universitaires de Vincennes, 1989.

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Handbook of plant and crop stress. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "X Effect of stress on"

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Wang, Tianhao, and Rajiv Mishra. "Effect of Stress Concentration on Strength and Fracture Behavior of Dissimilar Metal Joints." In Friction Stir Welding and Processing X, 33–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05752-7_4.

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Nambu, Shoichi, Yoshihiko Tsunawaki, and Manabu Enoki. "Development of Smart Stress Memory Sensor Using AE Kaiser Effect." In Advanced Nondestructive Evaluation I, 244–47. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-412-x.244.

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Li, Z. J., Grethe Winther, and Niels Hansen. "Flow Stress Anisotropy - Effect of Microstructure and Texture in Aluminium and IF Steel." In Materials Science Forum, 1541–46. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-975-x.1541.

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Lee, Seung Gun, Jong Sung Kim, Jin Seok Park, and Tae Eun Jin. "The Effect of Residual Stress on Fatigue Crack Growth of Multi-Pass Welds." In Fracture and Strength of Solids VI, 1325–30. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-989-x.1325.

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Ward, Allan, Heidi Allison, Brian Zimmerman, and R. W. Hendricks. "Sample Curvature Effects on d-versus-sin2Ψ plots for Residual Stress Analysis." In Advances in X-Ray Analysis, 291–96. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5377-9_32.

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Lee, Ouk Sub, Sung Hyun Kim, and Jong Won Lee. "Thickness Effect of Pulse Shaper on Dynamic Stress Equilibrium in the NBR Rubber Specimen." In Fracture and Strength of Solids VI, 1007–12. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-989-x.1007.

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François, Manuel, C. Ferreira, and Ronald Guillén. "Effects of Temperature Fluctuations on X-Ray Stress Determination." In Materials Science Forum, 183. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-969-5.183.

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Portavoce, Alain, Isabelle Berbezier, Antoine Ronda, Patrick Gas, J. S. Christensen, Andrej Yu Kuznetsov, and B. G. Svensson. "Dopant Diffusion in Si1-xGex Thin Films: Effect of Epitaxial Stress." In Defect and Diffusion Forum, 135–42. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-17-5.135.

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Lee, Eun Hee, Kyung Mo Kim, Hong Po Kim, Uh Chul Kim, Jang Ho Bae, and Chang Wan Won. "Effect of Boric Acid on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of SG Tubing in High-Temperature Water." In Key Engineering Materials, 649–53. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-958-x.649.

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Liu, Cai Hua, Cong Xin Chen, and Xia Ting Feng. "Effect of Shear Stress and Displacement on the Hydraulic Properties of a Marble Fracture with Sand." In Fracture and Strength of Solids VI, 1503–8. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-989-x.1503.

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Conference papers on the topic "X Effect of stress on"

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Kim, Seon-hu, Cheol-ho Lee, and Dong-jin Shin. "Chord Stress Effect in High-Strength Steel Tubular X-Joints." In Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Tubular Structures(ISTS17). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-11-0745-0_050-cd.

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Kawamura, M., H. Okado, and K. Suzuki. "Effect of Interface Roughness on Internal Stress of Ceramic Thermal Barrier Coating." In ITSC2004, edited by Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2004p1082.

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Abstract An investigation was carried out into the effect of the interface roughness between the metallic bond coat and the ceramic topcoat on internal stresses in a thermal sprayed ceramic thermal barrier coating (TBC). To evaluate the effect of the interface roughness on the residual stress in the top coat, the specimens with two kinds of bondcoat roughness (rough type and smooth type) were prepared. The in-plane stresses of the specimens were measured with laboratory X-rays. The in-plane stresses for the both of the rough and smooth specimens were about 60MPa and independent of the roughness of the bond coat. Using high energy X-ray, the stress of the rough specimen was compressive and the stress of smooth specimen was tensile. This tendency is different from the result measured by laboratory X-ray. This difference in the stress value is coursed by the out-of-plane stress. Theses stresses in the topcoat were estimated by the hybrid method, that is to estimate out-of-plane stress using laboratory X-rays and high-energy synchrotron X-rays. As a result, the larger the roughness of the bond coat became the larger out-of-plane-stress become.
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Lonsdale, Cameron, and John Oliver. "Effect of Wheel Truing on Wheel Rim Axial Residual Stress." In 2013 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2013-2536.

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Recent x-ray diffraction testing of wheels with machined treads showed that axial residual stresses in the wheel rim were different than the axial residual stresses in Vertical Split Rim (VSR) wheels, and service worn wheels with no machining. As a result, a larger study was conducted at the wheel shops of major North American railroads. Tread damaged wheelsets were machined to remove tread damage and restore the flange/tread profile. The amount of metal removed from the treads was recorded, wheels were demounted, and slices were removed from the machined wheel rims at pre-marked areas for x-ray diffraction testing. The wheel rim axial residual stress patterns for the machined wheels are presented and are compared to the axial residual stress patterns for VSR wheels and used wheels with no machining. Data are presented for both forged and cast wheels. Implications for improved service performance from reduced tread damage are also discussed.
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Yew Tan, Philip, Albert Kordesch, and Othman Sidek. "CMOS shallow trench isolation x-stress effect on channel width for 130nm technology." In 2006 8th International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated Circuit Technology Proceedings. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsict.2006.306306.

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Jufri, Muhammad, and Novita Maulidya Djalal. "The Effect of Social Support of Job Stress of PT. X Makassar Employees." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Advanced Multidisciplinary Research (ICAMR 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icamr-18.2019.117.

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Hazar, Siti, and Lulu L. Fitri. "Effect of strawberry (Fragaria x ananasa) as antidepresant activity on mice induced by stress." In THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4930767.

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Maj, J., G. Navrotski, X. Huang, L. Assoufid, R. Khachatryan, J. Qian, and M. Wieczorek. "The effect of surface residual stress on the performance of high quality x-ray mirrors." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Christian Morawe, Ali M. Khounsary, and Shunji Goto. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.894082.

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"Effect of Thermal and Mechanical Loadings on the Residual Stress Field in a Nickel Based Superalloy using X-Ray Laue Microdiffraction." In Residual Stresses 10. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781945291173-89.

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Mochizuki, Masahito, and Masao Toyoda. "How Validates Residual Stress Effect on Fatigue Strength and SCC Evaluations?" In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2645.

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The availability of several processes for residual stress control is discussed in order to verify residual stress effect on fatigue strength and SCC evaluations The effectiveness protecting from fatigue and stress-corrosion cracking is validated by numerical analysis and actual experiment. In-process control during welding is the easiest method to reduce residual stress without any treatment after welding process. Control of welding pass sequence for multi-pass weld is applied to cruciform joints and butt-joints with X-shaped groove. Other processes after welding are confirmed the validity of residual stress improvement. Water jet peening is useful for obtaining compressive residual stress on the surface, and the tolerance against both fatigue and stress-corrosion cracking is verified. Cladding of corrosion-resistant material is also effective for preventing stress-corrosion cracking by the metallurgical respect on the basis that residual stress at the interface to base metal should be considered carefully. The residual stress of the base metal near the clad edge is confirmed within the tolerance of crack generation. Controlling methods both during and after welding processes are found to be effective for assuring the integrity of the welded components.
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Belassel, M., J. Pineault, and M. Brauss. "Application of X-Ray Diffraction for Residual Stress Determination in Mechanical Components." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-62401.

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X-ray diffraction has been applied to the measurement of residual stresses in mechanical and structural components for decades. It has been applied non-destructively in the laboratory on small and large components as well as in the field on very large components and structures. The technique is well suited to a wide variety of applications. Some examples include: process development and evaluation (including machining, heat treatment, welding and assembly), quality control, screening of non-conforming components and verifying the health of components during service at different intervals and at the end of life. Both residual stress levels and the associated work-hardening generated can be characterized using the shift and the broadening of the x-ray diffraction peak respectively. Since x-ray diffraction uses the atomic lattice spacing (d-spacing) as a strain gage it is thus only applicable to crystalline materials. In this paper, examples of x-ray diffraction applications on different materials subjected to various processes are illustrated. The effect of residual stresses on the fatigue lifetime of components is also considered.
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Reports on the topic "X Effect of stress on"

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Almer, J. D., J. B. Cohen, K. R. McCallum, and R. A. Winholtz. X-Ray Diffraction and Finite Element Study of Residual Stress Effects on Fatigue Crack Growth. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada326227.

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Hovav, Ran, Peggy Ozias-Akins, and Scott A. Jackson. The genetics of pod-filling in peanut under water-limiting conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597923.bard.

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Pod-filling, an important yield-determining stage is strongly influenced by water stress. This is particularly true for peanut (Arachishypogaea), wherein pods are developed underground and are directly affected by the water condition. Pod-filling in peanut has a significant genetic component as well, since genotypes are considerably varied in their pod-fill (PF) and seed-fill (SF) potential. The goals of this research were to: Examine the effects of genotype, irrigation, and genotype X irrigation on PF and SF. Detect global changes in mRNA and metabolites levels that accompany PF and SF. Explore the response of the duplicate peanut pod transcriptome to drought stress. Study how entire duplicated PF regulatory processes are networked within a polyploid organism. Discover locus-specific SNP markers and map pod quality traits under different environments. The research included genotypes and segregating populations from Israel and US that are varied in PF, SF and their tolerance to water deficit. Initially, an extensive field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of genotype, irrigation, and genotype X irrigation on PF and SF. Significant irrigation and genotypic effect was observed for the two main PF related traits, "seed ratio" and "dead-end ratio", demonstrating that reduction in irrigation directly influences the developing pods as a result of low water potential. Although the Irrigation × Genotype interaction was not statistically significant, one genotype (line 53) was found to be more sensitive to low irrigation treatments. Two RNAseq studies were simultaneously conducted in IL and the USA to characterize expression changes that accompany shell ("source") and seed ("sink") biogenesis in peanut. Both studies showed that SF and PF processes are very dynamic and undergo very rapid change in the accumulation of RNA, nutrients, and oil. Some genotypes differ in transcript accumulation rates, which can explain their difference in SF and PF potential; like cvHanoch that was found to be more enriched than line 53 in processes involving the generation of metabolites and energy at the beginning of seed development. Interestingly, an opposite situation was found in pericarp development, wherein rapid cell wall maturation processes were up-regulated in line 53. Although no significant effect was found for the irrigation level on seed transcriptome in general, and particularly on subgenomic assignment (that was found almost comparable to a 1:1 for A- and B- subgenomes), more specific homoeologous expression changes associated with particular biosynthesis pathways were found. For example, some significant A- and B- biases were observed in particular parts of the oil related gene expression network and several candidate genes with potential influence on oil content and SF were further examined. Substation achievement of the current program was the development and application of new SNP detection and mapping methods for peanut. Two major efforts on this direction were performed. In IL, a GBS approach was developed to map pod quality traits on Hanoch X 53 F2/F3 generations. Although the GBS approach was found to be less effective for our genetic system, it still succeeded to find significant mapping locations for several traits like testa color (linkage A10), number of seeds/pods (A5) and pod wart resistance (B7). In the USA, a SNP array was developed and applied for peanut, which is based on whole genome re-sequencing of 20 genotypes. This chip was used to map pod quality related traits in a Tifrunner x NC3033 RIL population. It was phenotyped for three years, including a new x-ray method to phenotype seed-fill and seed density. The total map size was 1229.7 cM with 1320 markers assigned. Based on this linkage map, 21 QTLs were identified for the traits 16/64 weight, kernel percentage, seed and pod weight, double pod and pod area. Collectively, this research serves as the first fundamental effort in peanut for understanding the PF and SF components, as a whole, and as influenced by the irrigation level. Results of the proposed study will also generate information and materials that will benefit peanut breeding by facilitating selection for reduced linkage drag during introgression of disease resistance traits into elite cultivars. BARD Report - Project4540 Page 2 of 10
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Guy, Charles, Gozal Ben-Hayyim, Gloria Moore, Doron Holland, and Yuval Eshdat. Common Mechanisms of Response to the Stresses of High Salinity and Low Temperature and Genetic Mapping of Stress Tolerance Loci in Citrus. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613013.bard.

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The objectives that were outlined in our original proposal have largely been achieved or will be so by the end of the project in February 1995 with one exception; that of mapping cold tolerance loci based on the segregation of tolerance in the BC1 progeny population. Briefly, our goals were to 1) construct a densely populated linkage map of the citrus genome: 2) map loci important in cold and/or salt stress tolerance; and 3) characterize the expression of genes responsive to cold land salt stress. As can be seen by the preceding listing of accomplishments, our original objectives A and B have been realized, objective C has been partially tested, objective D has been completed, and work on objectives E and F will be completed by the end of 1995. Although we have yet to map any loci that contribute to an ability of citrus to maintain growth when irrigated with saline water, our very encouraging results from the 1993 experiment provides us with considerable hope that 1994's much more comprehensive and better controlled experiment will yield the desired results once the data has been fully analyzed. Part of our optimism derives from the findings that loci for growth are closely linked with loci associated with foliar Cl- and Na+ accumulation patterns under non-salinization conditions. In the 1994 experiment, if ion exclusion or sequestration traits are segregating in the population, the experimental design will permit their resolution. Our fortunes with respect to cold tolerance is another situation. In three attempts to quantitatively characterize cold tolerance as an LT50, the results have been too variable and the incremental differences between sensitive and tolerant too small to use for mapping. To adequately determine the LT50 requires many plants, many more than we have been able to generate in the time and space available by making cuttings from small greenhouse-grown stock plants. As it has turned out, with citrus, to prepare enough plants needed to be successful in this objective would have required extensive facilities for both growing and testing hardiness which simply were not available at University of Florida. The large populations necessary to overcome the variability we encountered was unanticipated and unforeseeable at the project's outset. In spite of the setbacks, this project, when it is finally complete will be exceedingly successful. Listing of Accomplishments During the funded interval we have accomplished the following objectives: Developed a reasonably high density linkage map for citrus - mapped the loci for two cold responsive genes that were cloned from Poncirus - mapped the loci for csa, the salt responsive gene for glutathione peroxidase, and ccr a circadian rhythm gene from citrus - identified loci that confer parental derived specific DNA methylation patterns in the Citrus X Poncirus cross - mapped 5 loci that determine shoot vigor - mapped 2 loci that influence leaf Na+ accumulation patterns under non-saline conditions in the BC1 population - mapped 3 loci that influence leaf Na+ accumulation paterns during salt sress - mapped 2 loci that control leaf Cl- accumulation patterns under non-saline conditions - mapped a locus that controls leaf Cl- accumulation patterns during salt stress Screened the BC1 population for growth reduction during salinization (controls and salinized), and cold tolerance - determined population variation for shoot/root ratio of Na+ and Cl- - determined levels for 12 inorganic nutrient elements in an effort to examine the influence of salinization on ion content with emphasis on foliar responses - collected data on ion distribution to reveal patterns of exclusion/sequestration/ accumulation - analyzed relationships between ion content and growth Characterization of gene expression in response to salt or cold stress - cloned the gene for the salt responsive protein csa, identified it as glutathione peroxidase, determined the potential target substrate from enzymatic studies - cloned two other genes responsive to salt stress, one for the citrus homologue of a Lea5, and the other for an "oleosin" like gene - cold regulated (cor) genes belonging to five hybridization classes were isolated from Poncirus, two belonged to the group 2 Lea superfamily of stress proteins, the others show no significant homology to other known sequences - the expression of csa during cold acclimation was examined, and the expression of some of the cor genes were examined in response to salt stress - the influence of salinization on cold tolerance has been examined with seedling populations - conducted protein blot studies for expression of cold stress proteins during salt stress and vice versa
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Dudley, Lynn M., Uri Shani, and Moshe Shenker. Modeling Plant Response to Deficit Irrigation with Saline Water: Separating the Effects of Water and Salt Stress in the Root Uptake Function. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586468.bard.

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Standard salinity management theory, derived from blending thermodynamic and semi- empirical considerations leads to an erroneous perception regarding compensative interaction among salinity stress factors. The current approach treats matric and osmotic components of soil water potential separately and then combines their effects to compute overall response. With deficit water a severe yield decrease is expected under high salinity, yet little or no reduction is predicted for excess irrigation, irrespective of salinity level. Similarly, considerations of competition between chloride and nitrate ions have lead to compensation hypothesis and to application of excess nitrate under saline conditions. The premise of compensative interaction of growth factors behind present practices (that an increase in water application alleviates salinity stress) may result in collateral environmental damage. Over-irrigation resulting in salinization and elevated ground water threatens productivity on a global scale. Other repercussions include excessive application of nitrate to compensate for salinity, unwillingness to practice deficit irrigation with saline water, and under-utilization of marginal water. The objectives for the project were as follows: 1) To develop a database for model parameterization and validation by studying yield and transpiration response to water availability, excessive salinity and salt composition. 2) To modify the root sink terms of an existing mechanism-based model(s) of water flow, transpiration, crop yield, salt transport, and salt chemistry. 3) To develop conceptual and quantitative models of ion uptake that considers the soil solution concentration and composition. 4) To develop a conceptual and quantitative models of effects of NaCl and boron accumulation on yield and transpiration. 5) To add a user interface to the water flow, transpiration, crop yield, salt transport, chemistry model to make it easy for others to use. We conducted experiments in field plots and lysimeters to study biomass production and transpiration of com (Zeamays cv. Jubilee), melon (Cucumismelo subsp. melo cv. Galia), tomato (Lycopersiconesculentum Mill. cv. 5656), onion (Alliumcepa L. cv. HA 944), and date palms (Phoenix Dactylifera L. cv. Medjool) under salinity combined with water or with nitrate (growth promoters) or with boron (growth inhibitor). All factors ranged from levels not limiting to plant function to severe inhibition. For cases of combined salinity with water stress, or excess boron, we observed neither additive nor compensative effects on plant yield and transpiration. In fact, yield and transpiration at each combination of the various factors were primarily controlled by one of them, the most limiting factor to plant activity. We proposed a crop production model of the form Yr = min{gi(xi), where Yr = Yi ym-1 is relative yield,Ym is the maximum yield obtained in each experiment, Xi is an environmental factor, gi is a piecewise-linear response function, Yi is yield of a particular treatment. We selected a piecewise-linear approach because it highlights the irrigation level where the response to one factor ceases and a second factor begins. The production functions generate response "envelopes" containing possible yields with diagonal lines represent response to Xi alone and the lines parallel to the X-axis represent response to salinity alone. A multiplicative model was also derived approximating the limiting behaviour for incorporation in a hydrochemical model. The multiplicative model was selected because the response function was required to be continuous. The hydrochemical model was a better predictor of field-measured water content and salt profiles than models based on an additive and compensative model of crop response to salinity and water stress.
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Noga, Edward J., Angelo Colorni, Michael G. Levy, and Ramy Avtalion. Importance of Endobiotics in Defense against Protozoan Ectoparasites of Fish. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586463.bard.

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Infectious disease is one of the most serious causes of economic loss in all sectors of aquaculture. There is a critical need to understand the molecular basis for protection against infectious disease so that safer, more reliable and more cost-effective strategies can be designed for their control. As part of this effort, the major goal of our BARD project was to determine the importance of endobiotics as a defense against protozoan ectoparasites in fish. Endobiotics, or antimicrobial polypeptides, are peptides and small proteins that are increasingly recognized as having a vital role in the innate defense of virtually all animals. One objective of our BARD project was to determine the antiparasitic potency of one specific group of endobiotics that were isolated from hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis x M chrysops). We found that these endobiotics, which we had previously named histone-like proteins (HLPs), exhibited potent activity against Amyloodinium and that the putative levels of HLPs in the skin were well within the levels that we found to be lethal to the parasite in vitro. We also found evidence for the presence of similar antibiotics in sea bream (Sparus aurata) and Mediterranean sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). We also examined the effect of chronic stress on the expression of HLP in fish and found that HLP levels were dramatically decreased after only one week of a crowding/high ammonia sublethal stress. We also began to explore the feasibility of upregulating endobiotics via immunostimulation. However, we did not pursue this objective as fully as we originally intended because we spent a much larger effort than originally anticipated on the last objective, the attempted isolation of novel endobiotics from hybrid striped bass. In this regard, we purified and identified four new peptide endobiotics. These endobiotics, which we have named piscidins (from "Pisces" meaning fish), have potent, broad-spectrum activity against a number of both fish and human pathogens. This includes not only parasites but also bacteria. We also demonstrated that these peptides are present in the mast cell. This was the first time that the mast cell, the most common tissue granulocyte in vertebrates, was shown to possess any type of endobiotic. This finding has important implications in explaining the possible function of mast cells in the immune response of vertebrates. In summary, the research we have accomplished in this BARD project has demonstrated that endobiotics in fish have potent activity against many serious pathogens in aquaculture and that there is considerable potential to use these compounds as stress indicators in aquaculture. There is also considerable potential to use some of these compounds in other areas of medicine, including treatment of serious infectious diseases of humans and animals.
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Wright, M. C. Operator Manual for X-ray Residual Stress Mapping. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/885586.

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Teysseyre, S. Effect of Swelling on Irradiation-Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1483829.

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Johnson, W. C. The effect of elastic stress on Ostwald ripening phenomena. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5167411.

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Buckalew, W. H., and F. J. Wyant. Effect of environmental stress on Sylgard 170 silicone elastomer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5672365.

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Millet, Eitan, Stephen Peter Baenziger, and Max D. Clegg. Effect of Heat Stress on Grain Filling in Wheat. United States Department of Agriculture, February 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7604280.bard.

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