Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Writings of Resistance'

The present work examines writings by authors of Somali origin in the Italian language. The analysis draws on and critically evaluates Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s concept of minor literature. Firstly, it investigates the different strategies through which these texts insert Somali words within the Italian text. Secondly, it scrutinizes the political engagement of Somali-Italian writings with the issue of racism, and their attempt to show the legacy of colonialism in contemporary Italy. Thirdly, it considers the ways in which these partly autobiographical texts envision a relational, plural and dialogical identity for Somali-Italian characters. In particular, the construction of alternative communities and multiple belongings beyond the dichotomy between Italians and Somalis through means of exclusion and inclusion of other minoritarian groups is analyzed. In conclusion, this work suggests rethinking the ways in which Italian literature is conceived, in order to include “minor” transnational narratives that exceed national paradigms.

This thesis investigates the different layers of commitment in the writings of Beppe Fenoglio and the Italian neorealists. This involves a reassessment of the neorealist literature of the 1940s and early 1950s, which I argue is far more varied, exploratory and experimental than is generally given credit for. I contend that Fenoglio's writing has a much closer relationship to neorealism than many critics believe. However, it is also the case to say that no partisan author is as critical of the Resistance as Beppe Fenoglio was. What then is the nature of his commitment? Through an examination of Fenoglio's Resistance writings, together with an appraisal of the historical and cultural context in which they were created, I show that Fenoglio's work is driven by a profound moral realism which continually searches for new ways to confront the traumatic nature of civil war and its aftermath. The focus of this examination is on the following works: Appunti partigiani; the Resistance short stories contained in I ventitre giorni della dtta di Alba; 11 partigiano Johnny (taken as a whole to include Primavera di bellezza and Ur partigiano Johnny); Una questione privata; and in conclusion one of Fenoglio's last short stories 'Ciao, Old Lion'. Drawing on existential models, I make the case that it is Fenoglio who uniquely out of the neorealist writers explores what it means to be individually 'authentic' in times of momentous historical happenings while contemporaneously subverting the possibility of 'authenticity', thus leading to a fiction which is 'true', and which is more genuinely 'authentic'. I show that there is no necessary contradiction between the 'existential' and 'historical' interpretations of Fenoglio's work, which have dominated the debate between critics for the last four decades. Indeed, I argue that the two critical approaches should be married in order to enrich our understanding of Fenoglio's complex vision of the Resistance and the significance of his achievement.

This thesis provides a reading of Jean-Franc;ois Lyotard's thoughts on the relationship between writing, the event, and resistance. My argument is that for Lyotard, writing has a responsibility to inscribe in the writing itself what resists thinking and as such, to articulate the inarticulable. Chapter 2 traces how this responsibility arises with the receptivity and affirmation of an unconditional imperative(Understood in this context, writing is the performative response to an ethical demand or event of obligation to which it bears witness. The thesis illuminates how Lyotard articulates the event as a receptivity to alterity through his readings of Kant's theory of obligation (Chapter 2) and Freud's thoughts on trauma and the unconscious affect (Chapter 3). One of the main tasks of the thesis is to show how the task of bearing witness - the political task par excellence for Lyotard - necessitates the use of reflective judgment (judgment without rules). I explore this task through a delineation of Lyotard's readings of the Kantian sublime (Chapter 2) and the task of perlaboration in psychoanalysis (Chapter 3). These discussions are framed within the context of Lyotard's . diagnosis of the failure of the grand narratives of modernity and as such, within the problematic of responding to nihilism. Finally, Chapter 4 is an attempt to recommence a dialogue between Lyotard and Nietzsche that is motivated by the former's Heideggerian reading of the latter in The Inhuman, to which this chapter responds. The aim is to show how their thoughts intersect and supplement one another in their respective diagnoses of nihilism but also in their attempt to write the event and bear witness to that which resists thinking. My argument is that Nietzsclie's theory of the event is inscribed in the thought of eternal return which establishes an ethical resonance to the diagnosis of the death of god.

The principal questions that are high lightened in this study are: How is the discrimination of the Indigenous people in Latin-America represented in the works of Jose María Arguedas and Miguel Angel Asturias? How are these two authors interrelated in terms of the defense of a cultural belonging? And finally, can these be associated to Paulo Coelho’s narrative content and techniques?

This work shows how, as Nelson Gonzalez-Ortega names it, a narrative discourse of resistance (based on the consequences of the cultural merging of the European and Latin-American people) is expressed and transformed into modern literature. It shows how the works of these authors protect and transmit the interests and the cultural origins of the Latin-American Indigenous people. These origins are expressed by language, myths, storytelling techniques and the presentation of an alternative perspective of the world. It also shows, through analysis of their writing, how some of these authors as dual cultural human beings struggled to balance the two cultural elements they are constituted of.

Focus will be on Asturias Hombrez de Maiz, Arguedas Los ríos profundos and Coelhos 11 minutos and El Zahir.

This thesis is broadly concerned with how individuals within German society, the German Resistance to Hitler and the German military reacted to persecution of Jews in Germany before the start of the Second World War and also to reports of German atrocities within German-controlled areas of Europe during the conflict.
The specific focus of this study is an examination of the personal sentiments contained in the writings of Carl Goerdeler, Ulrich von Hassell and Helmuth von Moltke and the recorded reactions to the various and intensifying stages of Nazi persecution of Jews within German-controlled territory. These particular individuals were chosen, as a significant portion of their writings, in the form of diary entries, letters and memoranda have been published and offer a glimpse of personal sentiments and thoughts unaltered by the censors of the Nazi regime. In addition, this study examines the reactions of two German officers, Johannes Blaskowitz and Rudolf-Christoph von Gersdorff, to German atrocities committed in German-occupied Eastern Europe. Their reactions to and courageous protests against Nazi crimes are also a significant part of the overall context of German reactions to Nazi crimes. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

This thesis explores the process of writing figures of political resistance for the British stage prior to and during the neoliberal era (1980 to the present). The work of established political playwrights is examined in relation to the socio-political context in which it was produced, providing insights into the challenges playwrights have faced in creating characters who effectively resist the status quo. These challenges are contextualised by Britain’s imperial history and the UK’s ongoing participation in newer forms of imperialism, the pressures of neoliberalism on the arts, and widespread political disengagement. These insights inform reflexive analysis of my own playwriting. Chapter One provides an account of the changing strategies and dramaturgy of oppositional playwriting from 1956 to the present, considering the strengths of different approaches to creating figures of political resistance and my response to them. Three models of resistance are considered in Chapter Two: that of the individual, the collective, and documentary resistance. Each model provides a framework through which to analyse figures of resistance in plays and evaluate the strategies of established playwrights in negotiating creative challenges. These models are developed through subsequent chapters focussed upon the subjects tackled in my plays. Chapter Three looks at climate change and plays responding to it in reflecting upon my creative process in The Ends. Chapter Four explores resistance to the Iraq War, my own military experience and the challenge of writing autobiographically. Finally, Chapter Five focusses on conscientious objection and the First World War, considering the history play as a strategy for effective resistance and my adoption of it in The Uncivilised Warfare of Zeppelins.

Migrant women use life writing not only to share pieces of their own lives, but also to write powerful narratives which confront racism, patriarchal oppression, and US imperialism. The four texts I have selected represent skillful negotiation between drastically different languages, cultures, and social systems, evinced both through the experiences the authors represent within the text and through their careful rhetorical and narrative strategies, which are tailored for particular audiences. As these narratives demonstrate, migrant women can use life writing to contest and destabilize dominant narratives of history and race. In I’ve Come a Long Way (1942), Chinese author Helena Kuo demonstrates the worth, dignity, and superiority of Chinese culture in order to convince US readers to ally with China in their fight against Japan. Kuo’s work was intended not only to garner military support for China, but also to create a more positive view of the Chinese people. Rosario Morales and Aurora Levins Morales, a mother and daughter born in New York City and Puerto Rico, respectively, write together in Getting Home Alive (1986), layering stories from the mainland United States and the island of Puerto Rico while protesting US imperialism and US military presence on the island. By enacting resistance from a variety of subject positions, the authors are able to share pieces of their life stories while also creating an alternate history of Puerto Rico, one that reveals the violence and imperial domination of the US government. In When Heaven and Earth Changed Places (1989), former Vietcong collaborator Le Ly Hayslip tells the story of the Vietnam War from the perspective of a Vietnamese villager, explaining why some Vietnamese resisted US forces. Through her narrative, Hayslip transforms herself from a Vietcong enemy into a reliable narrator for US readers, detailing her own suffering, empathizing with her US readership, and encouraging peace and forgiveness between nations, while still questioning the ethics of US involvement in the war. By retelling stories from her childhood on the US-Mexico border in Canícula: Snapshots of a Girlhood en la Frontera (1995), Mexican author Norma Elia Cantú challenges the impermeability of borders, both between fact and fiction and between nations. By simultaneously retelling and fictionalizing her past, Cantú is able to preserve and reclaim her childhood while creating a subversive counternarrative of border life which contests dominant governmental and patriarchal narratives. All of these authors use life writing in an innovative way, tailoring their texts to the political and social context in which they were publishing and striving to build a relationship with readers at a particular time in US history. By challenging conventional, governmental, and media representations of events and contesting existing social structures, these authors provide a more comprehensive understanding of US history and society.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of English, 2008.
Title from home page (viewed on Oct 5, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-02, Section: A, page: 0557. Adviser: Christine R. Farris.

This thesis is an examination of the (im)possibility of the critical in pedagogy and student writing. More specifically, using Foucault’s concept of governance, and his genealogical problematization of power/knowledge which animates and constrains the present, it interrogates normative understandings of ‘the critical’ as a criterion against which practice and language are evaluated in the academy. A poststructuralist, materialist approach to understanding academic work and its subjects is developed and employed in exploring the ‘ruins’ of pedagogy and student writing, where the metaphor of ‘ruins’ refers to ‘the crumbling edifice of Enlightenment values’ (Maclure 2011:997). Foucault’s methods and sensitivities, and Derrida’s understanding of the ‘event’ of writing, are conjointly put to work to problematise the operations of power in the governance, administration and legitimation of hegemonic understandings of ‘the critical’ in higher education. Deploying as analytical notions and tools Foucault’s understanding of power as multiple forces of resistance and consent, or as an immanence in our doings which operates in minute, micro-physical heterogeneous ways, this thesis scrutinizes the ways the present of critical pedagogical practice, and undergraduate student writing in the field of intercultural communication, is produced and conditioned from within. The ineluctable oscillation between resistance and consent in such presents puts into question the post- possibility of ‘the critical’, here understood as ‘the right to difference, variation and metamorphosis’ (Derrida 2006:87) within the ‘matrix of calculabilities’ in the university (Ball & Olmedo 2012:103). This question is put into context in relation to the wider field of pedagogical and student writing practices. Using close reading of student assessment texts, contingent ‘micro-practices of resistance’ are considered for ways they fleetingly keep openness in play, and proposed as one tentative way forward for a post-critical praxis of literacy pedagogy and writing.

Despite a recent global surge in the reception and translation of Korean women poets, there has been surprisingly little scholarship on this topic. This dissertation aims to expand the focus of Western scholarship beyond the Korean male canon by providing the first in-depth analysis of the works of Korean women poets in the 20th and 21st centuries. The poets I chose to examine for this study played a critical role in revolutionizing traditional verse patterns and in integrating global socio-political commentary into modern Korean poetry. In particular, by experimenting widely with forms from epic narrative, memoir in verse, and shamanic narration to epistolary verse and avant-garde styles, they opened up new possibilities for Korean women's lyric poetry. In addition, they challenged the traditional notion of lyric poetry as simply confessional, emotional, passive, or feminine. Their poetry went beyond the commonplace themes of nature, love, and longing, engaging with socio-political concerns such as racial, class, and gender discrimination, human rights issues, and the ramifications of the greatest calamities of the 20th century, including the Holocaust, the Korean War, and the Kwangju Uprising. Unlike the dominant scholarship that tends to highlight the victimization of women and their role as passive observers, this project shows Korean women poets as active chroniclers of public memory and vital participants in global politics and literature. The multifaceted and detailed reading of their work in this dissertation facilitates a more nuanced understanding of the complexity of 20th-and 21st-century women's lives in Korea.
East Asian Languages and Civilizations

This thesis examines cultural production focusing on the workplace. It explores the representations of changes that have taken place over the last four decades against the backdrop of globalisation at the end of the post-war economic boom. By assessing the mechanisms of control in terms of pedagogy and political re-appropriation, it looks at the way writers and film-makers have scrutinised the emergence of a globalised France in which the working classes are less inclined to confront capital. Its key argument is that the raison d’être of these contemporary ‘whistleblowers’, as they shall be referred to throughout this work, is to give visibility and purpose to the voices of workers and employees who, despite deunionisation and the subsequent crisis of representation and transmission, manage to resist in a socio-economic era disconnected from previous socio-historical landmarks such as the predominantly Marxist grand narrative. It argues that the films and writings analysed share the same purpose, which is to examine the human cost resulting from insidious forms of control and to highlight strategies of atomised yet inspiring deeds of resistance. This thesis has two focal points. Firstly, it outlines the transformations that have occurred: job losses, casualization and outsourcing, intensification of inequality, just-in-time production, neo-managerialism and bullying. Secondly, it examines how the subject of the workplace is developed in film and literature with an emphasis on character exploration. It comprises four chapters. Chapter One assesses the mechanisms of control of managerialism induced by neo-liberalism and concentrates on their consequences in the workplace and on the workers. The subsequent three chapters look at the way film-makers and authors tackle the same mechanisms through documentaries, cinema and literature in terms of social significance.

This study aims to locate, examine and account for the many, and varied, forms of resistance to sentimental culture advanced by eighteenth-century women writers. Through reference to essays, novels, poems and memoirs, the thesis traces the evolution of this opposition over a sixty-year period. It contends that the subtly subversive representations of unsentimental conduct depicted by women writers at mid-century anticipate and shape the more explicitly antisentimental rhetoric espoused by more openly radical figures in later decades. The thesis aims to unite these two elements by tracing the evolution of this critique from its earliest beginnings - embedded, opaquely, in the literature of the 1740s - to its free expression in the' transparently antisentimental writings of the 1790s and beyond. The first chapter argues that Jane Collier's 1753 work An Essay on the Art of Ingeniously Tormenting anticipates the antisentimental themes discussed in Mary Wollstonecraft's Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792). The second chapter examines six novels published by Collier's close friend and collaborator, Sarah Fielding, between 1744 and 1760. It argues that Fielding played an important role in the inception of an unsentimental tradition in eighteenth-century fiction. The third chapter addresses the considerable body of poetry written by women on the theme of indifference. It contends that indifference functioned as a further thematic site upon which the gendered prescriptions of sentimental culture could be contested. The fourth chapter examines a range of memoirs written by socially transgressive women which exploit, subvert and contest sentimental values. The final chapter discusses the development of the antisentimental novel in the 1780s and 1790s and considers the extent to which it can be read as distinct from earlier critiques of sentimental culture.

The privileging of man in African societies has involved an erasure of identities and subjectivities of many women, holding them to an assumption of female inferiority. To counter the injustice, African women writers have engaged in rhetorical and performative strategies designed to reconstitute the cultural erasure as they try to claim status as individuals. But in the process, various cultural expectations such as their maternal roles act as constant bottlenecks to return them back to their prescribed roles as subordinate beings. This dissertation, “Imagined Realities, Defying Subjects: Voice, Sexuality and Subversion in African Women’s Writing” explores the methodologies of cultural resistance and the complex ways in which African women have articulated their subjectivity, challenged societal roles, negotiated tradition and formulated a literary and feminist aesthetic. As inventors invested in creating narratives that speak to the concerns of an African female aesthetic, these authors work in, through and toward what Gloria Anzaldua calls a “mestiza consciousness,” whose work is to “break down the subjectobject duality that keeps her [woman] a prisoner and to show in the flesh and through the images in her work how duality is transcended” (102). Embracing the framework of African Feminism or what Obioma Nnaemeka calls “Nego Feminism,” each chapter articulates the sites of enunciation in which the characters engage with their fragmented conditions. Though with differing methodologies, for each writer, the act of seeking a space through which a self with an “outline” is negotiated and articulated allows the women to become aware of the need to speak their own truths and realities. I examine how authors like Flora Nwapa, Mariama Ba, Yvonne Vera and Calixthe Beyala construct textual strategies that go beyond the marginalized figures and articulate themselves so that they escape society’s sanctioned external definitions. My dissertation proffers a fresh insight that goes beyond the descriptions of how women are represented, superseding this kind of criticism with more complex analysis of gender and women’s oppression.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1998.
Title from title page screen, viewed July 3, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Heather A. Graves (chair), Dana K. Harrington, Janice G. Neuleib. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 184-196) and abstract. Also available in print.

This work is dedicated to exploring the possibilities of everyday knowledges and practices to re-address the issue of resistance, problematise the existing notions and create re-articulations. In what follows, I am investigating the main intersections of discrimination in the experience of the latest wave of Greek women migrants in Sweden in order to single out and analyze the ways and tools of their everyday resistance and re-existence. Grounded in the geo-politics and body-politics of knowledge this research begins with challenging the Greek crisis and migration to transgress all-encompassing categories such as crisis, migrant, woman, everyday, resistance and at the same time propose alternative ways and tropes to comprehend and handle their content.  In order to reconfigure everyday resistance and expose the marginal layers between “obedience” and “disobedience”, I will unlearn and relearn the Greek history, decolonize the Greek identity, and at last reaffirm the experiential knowing through being, a knowledge that has been durably repressed.

This dissertation is a teacher research study of the ways that young children author themselves by negotiating teacher authority in the context of their dialogue journals. The study detailed herein attempts to discover some of the ways in which young children negotiate teacher authority within the context of a dialogue journal.I collaborated with four second grade students in my multiage classroom who agreed to allow me to analyze the entries in their dialogue journals. We engaged in written dialogue in the context of their journals over two years, from when they were first graders in my multiage class until they left my class at the end of second grade.As a participant observer I used a form of discourse analysis called textual analysis, as mediated by Deborah Tannen's (2005, 2007) work in conversational analysis to unpack the negotiation of teacher authority revealed by the written interactions that took place in the context of the dialogue journals. This study explores the role that the children's personalities, textual competence and relationship with me as their teacher played in shaping their willingness and ability to negotiate teacher authority. It also explores the role my attitudes and actions had in fostering or hindering that negotiation.Implications include the use of ethnographic portraiture to establish context in teacher research, the importance of establishing routines that foster independence in classroom assignments, creating an atmosphere that encourages ownership of the activity in question, the necessity for the teacher to interact with the students in ways that allow them to control the conversation in their dialogue journals, and the importance of periodically reviewing the entire journals to counteract the myopic effect of reading only one journal entry per day. This last is important because when reading only one journal entry at a time it is possible to misinterpret the students' intent, lose sight of context or misinterpret the extent to which the students are engaged in writing in their dialogue journals.

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to uncover the ways that women elementary school teachers negotiate their identities within the context of writer’s workshop by exploring issues of gender, literacy, and identity. The two central participants were women elementary school teachers who were involved at their Professional Development School with university partnership and were learning how to implement a writer’s workshop instructional model. This study considers how the participants’ involvement in professional development with a university faculty member shaped their identities as women and professionals. The theoretical framework is critical theory and identity theory in which literacy and identity are deeply connected (Moje & Luke, 2009). Furthermore, this study is situated in the literature exploring teachers’ roles and identities historically in order to position them today (Carter, 2002; Hoffman, 2003; Biklen, 1995). The questions this study will explore include: (a) How have the participants’ identities been affected by their involvement in the Corey Richardson Writing Collaborative? (b) How does gender mediate their professional identities? This case study used in depth interviews, document analysis, and observations to generate detailed data. Themes that were prominent in the data were gender and teaching, dealing with mandates, issues of expertise, caring, and writing as resistance. The conclusions of this study reveal that the within the context of caring professional development, teachers were able to take up writer’s workshop as a means of resisting a system that was often frustrating and oppressive. They negotiated their gendered roles as teachers in complex ways and used literacy as a way to reclaim their own power.

This thesis examines Indian author Raja Rao’s critically neglected work. I read Rao’s production as a strategic, yet problematic, negotiation of hegemonic narrativizations of Indian history, which attempts both to propose alternative histories and deconstruct the ontology of modern western historiography. Rao’s often criticised use of essentialism in his works is here examined as a strategic deconstructive tool in the hands of the postcolonial writer. More specifically, I wish to show how his early novels Kanthapura and Comrade Kirillov resist colonial depictions of India through both linguistic and cultural structures. Rao’s stylistic negotiation is effected through a use of the English language mediated by the Indian writer’s sensibility. Both novels enforce strategies working through opposition. They provide alternative accounts counterbalancing strategic absences in the records of colonial Indian historiography while attempting to recover the voice of protagonist subalterns. In my examination of his later novels The Serpent and the Rope, The Cat and Shakespeare and The Chessmaster and His Moves, I argue that a more effective strategy of intervention is at work. It attempts to disrupt from within the discursive features of post-Enlightenment European modernity, more specifically the premises of Cartesian oppositional dualities, homogeneous ideas of linear time, and the centrality of imperial spaces, while problematising the hybrid and heterogeneous character of Rao’s narrative.

Research studies have investigated issues in the teaching of writing, particularly at the elementary and university levels. Studies of out-of-school writing done by adolescents have focused on digital contexts and social media. This study examines the intersections of the out-of-school and in-school writing worlds of three high school writers: a poet, a novelist, and a contest essay writer. I use data gathered over seven years from the student writers and four of their English language arts teachers. Research questions focused on how notions of student writers and the teaching of high school English might be informed by the ways student writers described their out-of-class writing and motivation for writing, how their teachers developed and implemented their philosophies and practices in teaching writing, and how the student writers developed their internally persuasive discourses about writing. In analyzing case study data to answer these questions, I used constant comparison analysis and narrative inquiry analysis, drawing upon theories of heteroglossic discourses, figured worlds, and writing identity. My findings show that in the intersections of out-of-school and in-school writing experiences, students select some writing practices and discourses from their teachers to adopt or adapt, such as developing writing processes, participating in writing communities, and caring about writing. They complicate their definitions of writing, however, as they create figured worlds of writing in which they explore identity, navigate and negotiate complex emotions, and receive recognition. The students illustrate their dialogism with writing discourses in stories of improvisation in which they find power and enact resistance. I argue that writing teachers need encouragement, education, and agency to entertain more complex perceptions of student writers and teaching writing to support students for future personal, academic, career, and public discourse worlds.

Nel corso degli ultimi cinquant’anni (1970-2020), le comunità indigene nasa del Dipartimento del Cauca (Colombia) si sono confrontate con processi necropolitici di segregazione territoriale e di violenza sistemica (Mbembe, 2006; Rozental, 2017), alimentati dalla secolare problematica del mancato riconoscimento delle terre ancestrali, dal conflitto armato interno colombiano, dall’attività delle transnazionali estrattiviste che operano nella regione e dalla proliferazione della problematica del narcotraffico (Peñaranda Supelano, 2012; Navia Lame, 2013; Peñaranda Supelano, 2015; CRIC, 2020). Per fronteggiare questi radicati dispositivi di espropiazione, violenza e silenziamento etnico, la popolazione nasa ha progressivamente riconfigurato le strategie di difesa della propria autonomia culturale e politica (Wilches-Chaux, 2005; Valero Gutiérrez, 2016). Nel quadro continentale del consolidamento organizzato delle rivendicazioni indigene, culminato nell’ultimo decennio del XX secolo nella cosiddetta emergencia indígena (Bengoa, 2007; Bengoa, 2009), le comunità nasa hanno plasmato modalità di resistenza multidimensionali, dove la tradizionale difesa pacifica dei confini territoriali è stata accompagnata da impulsi alla tutela dei propri spazi del sapere. Nel corso degli ultimi due decenni si sono strutturate strategie di salvaguardia dell’identità culturale comunitaria fondate sull’idea della custodia del “territorio dell’immaginario” (Almendra, 2017) dai dispositivi di invasione discorsiva e simbolica propri del necropotere (López Barcenas, 2007; Walsh, 2010): un meccanismo di protezione di epistemologie, cosmovisioni, lingua e spiritualità nasa, attuato a partire dalla delineazione di una nuova concezione autonoma della parola, tanto nell’esperienza dell’oralità come nelle sue espressioni scritte (Escobar, 2016). In questo contesto di studio, la tesi investiga un corpus di scritture realizzate da membri delle comunità indigene nasa in epoca contemporanea (1970-2020). La ricerca propone un’interpretazione della nozione-pratica del palabrandar, elaborata nell’ambito delle epistemologie nasa, come strumento ermeneutico centrale per la comprensione delle scritture analizzate e degli attuali immaginari di resistenza della popolazione caucana. La proposta del palabrandar si configura nel testo Entre la Emancipación y la Captura (2017) della scrittrice di etnia nasa-misak Vilma Almendra Quiguanás come una modalità autonoma di riflessione sull’esercizio della parola, concepita in una relazione di interdipendenza ontologica con l’azione di beneficio per la comunità (Almendra, 2017). La ricerca è strutturata in due tappe. Nei primi due capitoli si propone uno sguardo di analisi diacronico del processo di costituzione del prisma epistemologico della nozione-pratica del palabrandar, a partire dallo studio della produzione scritta di due autori nasa: Álvaro Ulcué Chocué (1943-1984) e Vilma Almendra Quiguanás (1979). Gli scritti del sacerdote cattolico di etnia nasa Ulcué Chocué, parzialmente inediti, sono interpretati come antecedente fondamentale della concezione autonoma della parola configurata nel testo Entre la Emancipación y la Captura di Vilma Almendra Quiguanas. Nel corso dell’analisi, si suggerisce una collocazione delle connotazioni epistemiche del palabrandar all’interno di una cartografia gnoseologica dei saperi indigeni dell’Abiayala, intesa qui nella sua integralità di pluriverso di enunciazione ed espressione delle conoscenze ancestrali in una dimensione di futuralità (Escobar, 2016; Rocha Vivas, 2017; Escobar, 2018). Nella seconda parte della tesi si elabora un’analisi orientata a delineare le forme semantiche e simboliche attraverso cui la nozione del palabrandar si traduce in pratica di scrittura. Si propone uno studio delle produzione scritte di alcuni membri della comunità nasa, interpretate nella loro dimensione di testualità oralettegrafiche (Rocha Vivas, 2017), ovvero scritture conformate da codici multidimensionali che possono trovare la loro espressione finale in un libro o in altri spazi di trasmissione del sapere nasa, come le pietre o le pareti (Faust, 2001; Rappaport, 2004; Rappaport, 2008; Perdomo, 2013). In questa prospettiva, il corpus di analisi si compone di alcuni passaggi testuali del volume Entre la Emancipación y la Captura di Vilma Almendra Quiguanás e di una serie di scritture (graffiti) realizzate da membri della comunità nasa nello spazio pubblico del territorio di Toribío, decodificato attraverso la contestualizzazione alle epistemologie nasa degli strumenti teorico-metodologici forniti dagli studi sul Paesaggio linguistico in aree di tensione sociale (Shoamy y Gorter, 2008; Delgado, 2011; Rubdy, 2015; Woldemariam, 2016). La traiettoria esegetica elaborata si struttura metodologicamente a partire dall’inquadramento delle scritture contemporanee del popolo nasa in uno spazio ontologico del sapere autonomo, inserito in un processo di dialogo con alcune proposte delle scienze sociali e umane che riproduce la dimensione interculturale delle attuali dinamiche di negoziazione del sapere nelle comunità nasa (Rappaport, 2003; Bengoa, 2009). Categorie come ‘scrittura’, ‘resistenza’ e ‘territorio’ si interpretano quindi a partire dalle significazioni assunte nell’universo epistemologico nasa (Rappaport, 2004; Wilches-Chaux, 2005; Perdomo, 2013; G. Ulcué, 2015; Sanabria Monroy, 2016; Muñoz Atillo, 2018). Il percorso ermeneutico adottato è sostentato da un lavoro sul campo presso diverse comunità nasa del settore nordorientale del Cauca, realizzato attraverso cinque viaggi nel territorio tra il settembre del 2018 e il settembre del 2020. Oltre alla realizzazione di una ricerca di archivio presso la Biblioteca Parrocchiale di Toribío, il lavoro sul campo è consistito in conversazioni, interviste e intercambi con membri della comunità nasa, partecipazione in assemblee e rituali, nell’intento di dialogare con gli spazi del sapere indigeno caucano in ogni sua dimensione di espressione: l’oralità, la ritualità, l’incontro collettivo e la scrittura (Garzón Lopez, 2013; Rocha Vivas, 2017).
In the last fifty years (1970-2020), indigenous Nasa communities in the Cauca Department (Colombia) have faced necropolitical processes of territorial segregation and systemic violence (Mbembe, 2006; Rozental, 2017), fomented by the century-old problem of the failure to acknowledge their ancestral homelands, by the internal Colombian armed conflict, by the activity of the transnational extractive industries operating in the region, and by the proliferation of narcotraffic (Peñaranda Supelano, 2012; Navia Lame, 2013; Peñaranda Supelano, 2015; CRIC, 2020). To face these entrenched devices of expropriation, violence, and ethnic silencing, Nasa people have progressively reconfigured the strategies in defence of their cultural and political autonomy (Wilches-Chaux, 2005; Valero Gutiérrez, 2016). In the framework of the organised strengthening of indigenous claims in the continent, culminating in the so-called emergencia indígena in the last decade of the 20th century (Bengoa, 2007; Bengoa, 2009), Nasa communities have forged multidimensional modalities of resistance, in which the traditional pacific conservation of territorial boundaries combines with the need to safeguard their own knowledge space. In the last two decades, Nasa communities have developed strategies to safeguard their communal cultural identity. These strategies are based on the idea of the defence of the “territory of the imagination” (Almendra, 2017) from the devices of discursive and symbolic invasion typical of necropower (López Barcenas, 2007; Walsh, 2010): a protective mechanism of Nasa epistemologies, cosmovisions, language, and spirituality, whose starting point is represented by the outline of a new autonomous conception of the word, in both the oral experience and its written expressions (Escobar, 2016). In this context, the present thesis investigates a corpus of writings realized by members of the indigenous Nasa communities in contemporary times (1970-2020). The research proposes an interpretation of the know-how of palabrandar, conceptualised in Nasa epistemologies, as the central hermeneutic tool for an understanding of the selected writings and of the actual images of resistance of the Cauca people. The proposal of palabrandar is defined in the text Entre la Emancipación y la Captura (2017) by the Nasa-Misak writer Vilma Almendra Quiguanás as an autonomous modality of reflection on the word, which is understood in a relationship of ontological interdependence with the action of benefit for the community (Almendra, 2017). The research is structured in two phases. The first two chapters propose a diachronic analysis of the founding process of the epistemological prism of the know-how of palabrandar, starting from an investigation of the written production of two Nasa authors: Álvaro Ulcué Chocué (1943-1984) and Vilma Almendra Quiguanás (1979). The writings, some of them unpublished, of the Catholic priest of Nasa ethnicity Ulcué Chocué are interpreted as a fundamental antecedent to the word’s autonomous conception as defined in the text Entre la Emancipación y la Captura by Vilma Almendra Quiguanas. The analysis seeks to discuss a positioning of the epistemic connotations of palabrandar within a gnosiological cartography of the indigenous knowledge of Abiayala, interpreted in its integrality of pluriverse of enunciation and expression of ancestral knowledge in a futural dimension (Escobar, 2016; Rocha Vivas, 2017; Escobar, 2018). The second part of the thesis aims to outline the semantic and symbolic forms through which the notion of palabrandar translates into written expressions. The writings of some members of the Nasa community are discussed taking into account their dimension of oralitegraphic textualities (Rocha Vivas, 2017), that is textual productions shaped by the confluence of multidimensional codes, which can be expressed through books or other spaces where Nasa knowledge is transmitted, such as stones or walls (Faust, 2001; Rappaport, 2004; Rappaport, 2008; Perdomo, 2013). In this perspective, the analysed corpus consists of some textual passages from the volume Entre la Emancipación y la Captura by Vilma Almendra Quiguanás and of a series of written productions (graffiti) realised by members of the Nasa community in the public space of the Toribío territory. The latter has been decoded by contextualising and applying to Nasa epistemologies the theoretical-methodological tools of linguistic landscape research in areas of social tension (Shoamy y Gorter, 2008; Delgado, 2011; Rubdy, 2015; Woldemariam, 2016). The exegetic trajectory developed in the thesis is structured methodologically by inserting the contemporary Nasa written productions in an ontological space of autonomous knowledge, which dialogues with proposals from the social and human sciences. This dialogical process reproduces the intercultural dimension of the actual dynamics of the negotiation of knowledge in Nasa communities (Rappaport, 2003; Bengoa, 2009). Consequently, categories such as ‘writing’, ‘resistance’, and ‘territory’ are interpreted according to the signification they possess in the epistemological Nasa universe (Rappaport, 2004; Wilches-Chaux, 2005; Perdomo, 2013; G. Ulcué, 2015; Sanabria Monroy, 2016; Muñoz Atillo, 2018). The adopted hermeneutic path is supported by fieldwork in different Nasa communities in the North-East Cauca region, and in particular by five research trips between September 2018 and September 2020. Fieldwork has consisted of archival research at the Parish Library in Toribío, conversations, interviews and interchanges with members of the Nasa community, the participation in meetings and rituals in the attempt to dialogue with the spaces of Cauca indigenous knowledge in every dimension of its expression: orality, rituality, collective gathering, and writing (Garzón Lopez, 2013; Rocha Vivas, 2017).

This thesis takes as its starting point Chandra Talpade Mohanty’s argument that it is the way in which “Third World” women’s narratives are read and understood that is crucial, together with the need to locate them contextually. My original contribution to knowledge is to develop a deconstructive, cultural analysis through the re–reading of a selection of core postcolonial women’s texts written in former colonial societies, at a time prior to the full emergence of postcolonialism as a set of theoretical concepts and before feminism had developed its major contribution to academic scholarship. These theories are examined in the first three chapters of the thesis. This re–reading is of texts which arguably prefigured in many ways some of the main debates later articulated in postcolonial feminist criticism, thus (re–)interpreting them through a contemporary, critical lens. The objective of the textual analysis, among other things, is to underline the function of literary mapping in postcolonial women’s writing and the ways in which this resonates with key issues in postcolonial feminist studies. For example, the texts subvert the figure of the “universal woman” challenged by several critics, undermine images of women’s sameness, and transform marginalising spaces such as prison and home into sites of possible resistance. Overall, the main contribution of this thesis is twofold. Firstly, the interpretation of postcolonial women’s writing as a metachronous discourse of literary mapping in order to reclaim rather than deny the difference and complexity inherent in women’s texts and identities. This lends a wider dimension to the literary representations of women and justifies my attempt to order the texts as following an inverted rite of passage. Secondly, this thesis demonstrates that postcolonial women’s writing constitutes a discourse of literary activism and a cultural archive of prismatic female narratives which demands a responsive reading of the texts. This is to form a collective, critical consciousness from which, it is hoped, present and future communities of women can learn to change their lives.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.
Title from title screen. Audrey Goodman, committee chair; Thomas L. McHaney, Elizabeth West, committee members. Electronic text (253 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed May15, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (243-253).

Arbetet behandlar orsaker till ett kreativt motstånd och flöde. Mitt syfte är att ta reda på vad som driver människor att skapa inom området för låtskrivare/artister. Hur hanterar man idétorka och ”skrivkramp” och finns det någon metod för att upprätthålla ett kreativt flöde? Jag har intervjuat sex personer som alla är verksamma som låtskrivare och artister samt använt mig av litteraturstudium. I mitt arbete har jag kommit fram till att skrivkramp kan uppstå av många olika anledningar. Något som de har gemensamt är att alla verkar vara i behov av självvald ensamhet för att komma in i ett kreativt flöde.
The study deals with the causes of creative resistance and flow. My purpose is to examine underlying causes of creating in the field of songwriter / artists. How does one deal with resistance, and is there a method to maintain a creative flow? I have interviewed six people who are active as songwriters and artists, as well as consulting relevant texts. During the study, I have concluded that everyone in one way or another has experienced "writer's cramp", but for different reasons. What appears to be common, is that everyone exhibits a need of self-chosen solitude to attain a creative flow.

An increasing number of students entering college lack the academic skills necessary to perform well at the college level, forcing professors and academic institutions to lower standards. Students approach higher education as a commodity, and as consumers they assert their desire for easier course work by giving poor evaluations to instructors whose courses they find too demanding or difficult. Eliminating student evaluations is one necessary change that will help reverse declining standards in higher education and increase performance; providing effective venues for supplemental instruction is another. Teaching basic writing skills in freshman composition courses would waste valuable instruction time that must be spent on higher-order concerns, such as critical thinking, abstract reasoning, essay development, and research skills. Online writing labs offer lower-order instruction in grammar, punctuation, syntax, and style for students at any level, as do the learning programs that accompany composition textbooks and handbooks, yet these resources are under-utilized by students who need the most help. Usability studies would reveal site-specific reasons students avoid or abandon them. This paper includes an initial view of two online writing resources from the perspective of usability: what works about the design and functionality, and what most likely does not.

Orientador: Giséle Manganelli Fernandes
Banca: Thomas Bonnici
Banca: Paulo Sérgio Nolasco dos Santos
Banca: Norma Wimmer
Banca: Alvaro Luiz Hattnher
Resumo: Zitkala-Sá, autora de ascendência indígena norte-americana, atingiu certo sucesso durante o período em que viveu. Naquela época, foi criticada, mesmo por outros indígenas, por suas atitudes consideradas assimiladas. O principal objetivo desta tese é analisar os aspectos que representam resistência e assimilação na obra de Zitkala-Ša, com foco na resistência. Defende-se, neste trabalho, a tese de que as ações, que aparentemente são assimiladas, como o discurso elogioso e o uso da língua inglesa, podem ser lidas como uma agenda de resistência e de sobrevivência do indígena. Zitkala-Ša executou sua resistência por meio da mistura de gêneros e estilos literários, do discurso político e, principalmente, por meio do uso de técnicas indígenas tradicionais, como a manipulação do simbolismo e da metáfora, a arte de contar histórias e seu ajuste à língua inglesa e aos acontecimentos contemporâneos. A recuperação de heróis e seres mitológicos, o registro de cerimônias, a forma de educação e transmissão do conhecimento Dakota e a figura do trickster marcam a instância e a sobrevivência da cultura indígena. Por um longo período ela foi considerada uma indígena assimilada, mas a escrita autobiográfica e as lendas indígenas que Zitkala-Ša recuperou de sua infância são denúncias contra as políticas do governo, como a lei de distribuição de terras e as instituições como os internatos indígenas (boarding schools) e serviram como modelos a escritores indígenas modernos
Abstract: Zitkala-Ša, an author of Native American ascendance, achieved some success during the time when she was alive. At that period, she was criticized even by her peers for her actions and writing sometimes considered assimilated. The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze the aspects that represent resistance and assimilation in Zitkala-Ša's work, focusing on resistance. This dissertation addresses the fact that the actions such as laudatory discourse and the use of the English language, which are seemingly considered assimilated, can be read as a resistant agenda of survival. Zitkala-Ša accomplished this by mixing literary genres, such as fiction, essays, political discourse and the use of Native American traditional techniques, as storytelling, manipulation and adjustment of the English language, the figure of the trickster, the recalling of oral legends and characters, and the insistance on issues related to the Native American culture. For a long period, she was regarded as an assimilated Indian, but her work can also be approached as a sign of resistance to the governmental policies against the Native people, to the assimilationist projects of the boarding schools in particular, and to the Euro-American culture in general. The study of her work is relevant today because she is a role model for current Native writers and for other people who were silenced
Doutor

Esta tese analisa as relações entre indígenas e criollos estabelecidas na Argentina e as entre os Maori e os pakeha na Nova Zelândia, entre as décadas de 1820 e 1880. Suas fontes são relatos de viagens, cartas, relatórios, petições, abaixo-assinados, leis e tratados de paz. São acompanhadas as transformações ocorridas no período, traçados os diferentes projetos dos grupos em luta pelo poder político, as aproximações e distanciamentos, e as estratégias de Caciques e Chefes para participar e controlar as redes de trocas, e evitar a perda de poder e territórios. A análise da atuação britânica permitiu estabelecer conexões entre regiões distantes no espaço, mas próximas quanto às situações vividas. A comparação entre uma colônia do Império Britânico e uma república recém-independente permitiu a compreensão da circulação de ideias, pessoas e produtos e a consolidação de imagens e de discursos que estabeleciam diferenças entre anglicanos e católicos, monarquistas e republicanos. Diante da expansão liberal, tanto os indígenas pampeanos quanto os Maori da Nova Zelândia superaram tradicionais rivalidades e tentaram expulsar criollos e pakehas. Quando foram associados à barbárie por colonos, militares e governantes, enfrentaram os exércitos, armados com os mais recentes e eficientes inventos da guerra, do transporte e da comunicação. Combatidos por estratégias etnocidas ou genocidas, foram derrotados, tiveram seus territórios anexados às jurisdições, terras inseridas nos mercados, e as próprias existências independentes suprimidas
a quick turn on the next years. One of the major objectives of the research is the comprehension of , and freedom, and joining in trade networks. The comparison between a British white settler colony and a republic, and Salinas Grandes in Argentina. Associated by settlers, and their own existences as independent were suppressed. The sources analyzed were travel accounts, and willing to defend their own authority, as the King Movement in New Zealand, as whell as the Maori and pakeha in New Zealand, claim, exposed how ideas, from 1826 to 1885. During this time, laws and peace treaties., letters, military and the government to barbarism, native Chiefs united themselves in organized resistance confederations, people and products circulated through the globe. Facing major liberal interests in their lands, recently independent, reports, social and commercial relations between the indigenous peoples of Argentina and the criollos, sovereignty, the political power balance changed from a clear native superiority, their land to the markets, then, they lost their territory to official government jurisdiction, they were attacked by professional armies and their modern guns, This research are focused on comparisons on political, to a draw in the 1850s and, transports and communication. Beaten by ethnocide or genocide strategies

La politique dans trois pièces d´Hélène Cixous : L’Histoire (qu’on ne connaîtra jamais) (1994) ; L’Histoire terrible mais inachevée de Norodom Sihanouk, roi de Cambodge (1985) et La Ville parjure ou le réveil des Erinyes (1994). L´objectif est de mettre les pièces dans leur contexte historique, contemporain, politique et philosophique. Leur forme d’intervention est étudiée tout autant que la littérature, les archives, la théorie et le contexte qui les informent. Les questions plus générales de la dimension politique dans l’esthétique et les interventions du littéraire sur le champ politique ou idéologique sont aussi au centre de l´analyse. La lecture vise plus particulièrement à identifier les sources et les réalités sur lesquelles les pièces s’appuient (la crise politique et démocratique ; le colonialisme et l´impérialisme occidentaux ; la géopolitique et les guerres civiles et fratricides, tout comme les résistances à ces situations ou événements politiques/historiques) mais aussi les positions prises à leur égard ainsi que les enjeux décisifs qu’elles dégagent. La thèse est composée de deux parties : "La scène du Livre" et "La scène de l’Histoire". La première comporte un parti pris méthodologique ; elle s´ouvre sur une mise en perspective théorique et propose dans un deuxième chapitre l’analyse de L’Histoire (qu’on ne connaîtra jamais) en tant que mise en abyme de l´écriture théâtrale et de la fonction du poète face à l’Histoire. Dans la deuxième partie, l’accent est mis sur l’histoire et la politique contemporaines ainsi que sur les questions de pouvoir, de violence, de territorialité, de démocratie et de justice auxquelles L’Histoire terrible et La Ville parjure cherchent à répondre. L´étude met en évidence deux devoirs qui sous-tendent l´écriture théâtrale d´Hélène Cixous : d’une part, celui de la responsabilité devant la mémoire et, de l´autre, celui de la résistance critique à tout pouvoir injuste
The thesis explores the role of history, memory, responsibility, and politics in three plays by Hélène Cixous: The History (We Will Never Know) (1994), The Terrible but Unfinished Story of Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia (1985) and the Perjured City or the Awakening of the Erinyes (1994). The purpose is to put the plays in their philosophical and political contexts and to engage the questions they raise from literary, archival, and theoretical perspectives. The broader political and ideological dimensions of Cixous’s aesthetic and literary writing are also central to the analysis. The thesis specifically examines the historical and contemporary issues addressed in the plays, such as the crisis of the political order and democracy; colonial and imperial practices; the linkages between geopolitics, civil wars and genocides; and the various forms of individual and collective resistance to power. In addition, it analyzes the discourses and subject positions staked out by the participants in the narratives the plays describe. The thesis is divided into two parts: The first one, entitled "The Scene of the Book", opens with a methodological and theoretical chapter followed by an analysis of The History (We Will Never Know), with emphasis on the mise en abyme of the process of writing and the relationship between the poet and history. In the second part, "The Scene of History", the focus is on contemporary history and politics, using The Terrible but Unfinished Story of Norodom Sihanouk and the Perjured City as case studies, addressing issues of power, violence, territoriality, democracy and justice. The thesis stresses the dual obligation, underpinning the theatrical writings of Hélène Cixous: the responsibility toward memory and the duty to resist unjust power in all its forms

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This dissertation approaches the identity displacements in the narratives Mulheres de Cinzas (2015) by the Mozambican author Mia Couto and Americanah (2014) by the Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Those post-colonial African literary works are analyzed by the comparative studies bias and aim to reflect about the subject and, specially, the female subject starting at the approach of subalternity, otherness and resistance. To analyze literary works such as Mulheres de Cinzas and Americanah, which inquiry and subvert hegemonic discourses, justify itself for being a point to access knowledge and change of mentality, contributing to end the danger of a single story, as Chimamanda Adichie stated. The reading of Adichie and Couto provides the access to the discourse of resistance and recognition of cultural differences and plural identity processes, because it enables the reader to be in touch with confrontations capable of producing identitary and cultural displacements through the most critical reading of the literary text, as proposed by comparative studies. The ways of narrating of Adichie and Couto present traces of resistance that are essential to the subversion of hegemonic discourses bringing up conceptual standards that go beyond cultural belonging, as traditionally imagined. By means of resistance of the characters, the double writing that permeates Adichie and Couto writing reveal itself by bringing up a reconceptualization of culture incorporated in a sense of ambivalence, which deterritorialization generates by generating hybrid cultures. That multiple writing instrumentalizes the language used by the authors, in order to make it a power tool. To give theoretical support to the literary analysis of the works and reflect on the themes contained in this study, I seek support in Stuart Hall (1996, 2001, 2008), Frantz Fanon (1979, 2008), Homi Bhabha (2005), Gayatri Spivak (1997), Ana Mafalda Leite (2003, 2012), Carmen Lucia Tindó Ribeiro Secco (2000), Walter Mignolo (2003), Michelle Perrot (2007, 2003), Anibal Quijano (1999, 2003), Nestor Garcia Canclini Thomas Bonnici (2000, 2011), William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (1989), Paul Gilroy (2003), Tomaz Tadeu Silva (2003), Gilles Deleuze; Félix Guattari (1995, 1996), Roland Barthes (1975, 1978, 1999, 2004, 2004a, 2005) among others.
Esta dissertação tem como tema o estudo dos deslocamentos identitários nas narrativas Mulheres de Cinzas (2015) do escritor moçambicano Mia Couto e Americanah (2014) da escritora nigeriana Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Estas obras da literatura africana pós-colonial são analisadas pelo viés dos estudos comparados e objetivam refletir sobre o sujeito e, especificamente, o sujeito feminino a partir da abordagem da subalternidade, da outridade e da resistência. Analisar obras literárias como Mulheres de Cinzas e Americanah, que questionam e subvertem discursos hegemônicos, se justifica por ser mais uma forma de acesso ao conhecimento e à mudança de mentalidade, o que contribui no combate aos perigos da história única, termo utilizado por Chimamanda Adichie. A leitura de Adichie e Couto e suas obras propicia o acesso ao discurso de resistência e reconhecimento de diferenças culturais e de processos identitários plurais, pois possibilita para o leitor enfrentamentos capazes de produzir deslocamentos identitários e culturais por meio da leitura mais crítica do texto literário, da maneira que propõem os estudos comparados. Os modos de narrar de Adichie e Couto apresentam traços de resistência essenciais para a subversão dos discursos hegemônicos de modo a trazer à tona padrões conceituais que vão além do pertencimento cultural como tradicionalmente imaginado. Por meio da resistência das personagens das obras, a escritura dupla que permeia a escrita de Adichie e Couto se mostra trazendo uma reconceitualização da cultura incorporada a um sentimento de ambivalência, que a desterritorialização gera engendrando culturas híbridas. Essa escritura múltipla instrumentaliza a linguagem utilizada pela autora e pelo autor, de modo a torná-la ferramenta de poder. Para dar suporte teórico à analise literária das obras e refletir sobre as temáticas contidas neste estudo, busquei respaldo em Stuart Hall (1996, 2001, 2008), Frantz Fanon (1979, 2008), Homi Bhabha (2005), Gayatri Spivak (1985, 2014), Ana Mafalda Leite (2003, 2012), Carmen Lucia Tindó Ribeiro Secco (2000), Walter Mignolo (2003), Michelle Perrot (2007, 2003), Anibal Quijano (1999, 2003), Nestor Garcia Canclini (1997), Thomas Bonnici (2000, 2011), William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (1989), Paul Gilroy (2003), Tomaz Tadeu Silva (2003), Gilles Deleuze; Félix Guattari (1995a, 1995b, 1996), Roland Barthes (1975, 1978, 1999, 2004, 2004a, 2005) entre outros.

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This study aims to examine some aspects of the Writing Letters Art of Antonio Vieira. The main focus of this research includes Vieira s thoughts, related to Poetic Resistance and Utopia. Furthermore, we consider some of his biggest questions and cartographic influences of his authorial outsiderismo with readers, in the context of seventeenth-century baroque. The main body of research is the set of Vieira s letters, called Cartas do Brasil, as a Rhetoric Map in development, as a continuous synthesis of its official correspondence with royalty, colonial society and the Company of Jesus, which was admitted member. Therefore, it is from this corpus that we can verify their theories, perspectives, and the very root of Brazilian Literature Information. The main target of this dissertation is to understand his ideas, resistances and utopias, or the reasons that make Padre Vieira, prefer a libertarian position to the pacific Ignatian Letter Writing Pact. These and other questions are based on the theoretical line of Alfredo Bosi (the Resistance) and Thomas Moore (as the universal basis of Utopia). This research finds that the key to understanding the Vieira s great poetic strength is his outsiderism, alma-mater of his rhetorical strategies
Este estudo pretende analisar alguns aspectos da Arte Epistolar de Antônio Vieira. O foco principal da pesquisa contempla suas visadas, relacionadas à Resistência Poética e à Utopia. Além disso, consideram-se alguns dos seus maiores questionamentos cartográficos e as influências do seu outsiderismo autoral junto aos leitores, sob o contexto barroco-seiscentista. O corpus principal da pesquisa consiste no conjunto de missivas vieirianas, denominadas Cartas do Brasil, na qualidade de Mapa Retórico em desenvolvimento, síntese de suas contínuas correspondências oficiais com a realeza, a sociedade colonial e a própria Companhia de Jesus, da qual era membro confesso. Logo, é a partir desse corpus que se pode verificar suas teses, perspectivas e a própria raiz da Literatura de Informação brasileira. A principal visada é entender suas teses, resistências e utopias, ou quais as razões que tornaram Padre Vieira um escritor de perspectiva utopista, preferindo o fazer inconformista e libertário ao pacífico Pacto Epistolar inaciano. Essas e outras questões se fundamentam na linha teórica de Alfredo Bosi (quanto à Resistência) e de Thomas More (quanto à base universal da Utopia). A pesquisa considera que a chave para a compreensão da grande resistência poética vieiriana é o outsiderismo, alma-mater de seu fazer-retórico