Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Wrist'
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1
Blackwelder, Reid B. "Wrist Fractures." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2000. https://www.amzn.com/072168002X.
Abstract:
Book Summary: The New Edition provides the latest, essential information on the symptoms, diseases, treatments, and procedures most commonly encountered in everyday practice. It features step-by-step clinical guidance for more than 320 common diseases and disorders, as well as explicit guidelines for over 60 office procedures. An organ-system organization, extensive alphabetical index, and cross references within the individual chapters make the information easy to find.
2
Blackwelder, Reid B. "Wrist Fractures." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1995. https://www.amzn.com/0721651925/.
Abstract:
Book Summary: The 451 chapters in this introductory text are organized by organ system, and provide data on 318 specific diseases and disorders - including their aetiology, symptoms, clinical findings, laboratory tests, differential diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Nearly 60 office procedures are described in detail, with discussions of indications, contraindications, preparation, equipment, anaesthesia, precautions, technique and follow-up. A complete list of procedures and ICD-9 codes is also included.
3
Ringdahl, Joakim, and Krook Anderas Bodtröm. "Ʌ - Wrist – it." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-16484.
Abstract:
Idag existerar det inga produkter på marknaden för att objektivt kunna mäta radiokarpalledens styrka vid extensionen. Små skador på radiokarpalleden har stor inverkan på den enskilde individen. Syftet med detta projekt är att utveckla en grundläggande lösning för att objektivt mäta kraften i handleden (radiokarpalleden). Arbetsmetoden har följt principkonstruktionsmetoden i produktutveckling (F.Olsson, 1995). Viktningsverktyget har använts för att jämföra och ranka lösningsidéer mot varandra. Idéerna har genererats i brainstorming (BAD) som arbetsmetod och verifierats genom fysiska (MAD) och digitala (CAD) modeller. Lösningsförslag har ritats upp i CATIA V5 R20 där även finita element (FEM) analyser har gjorts för att verifiera lösningsförslagens rimlighet. Idéerna har jämförts och förfinats till en principiell lösning som uppfyller de erhållna kraven. Detta projekt har resulterat i en verifierad CADmodell som på principnivå objektivt kan mäta kraften i radiokarpalleden.
4
Perkins, James A. "The human wrist /." Online version of thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11566.
5
Canfield, Stephen L. "Development of the Carpal Wrist; a Symmetric, Parallel-Architecture Robotic Wrist." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30363.
Abstract:
This dissertation summarizes the research effort to develop a novel, three degree-of-freedom device that is ideally suited as a robotic wrist or platform manipulator. Because of its similarity to the human wrist, this invention has been named the "Carpal Wrist." Much like its natural counterpart, the Carpal Wrist has eight primary links, corresponding to the eight carpal bones of the human wrist, a parallel actuation scheme, similar to the flexor and extensor carpi muscles along the forearm, and an open interior passage, which forms a protected tunnel for routing hoses and electrical cables, much like the well-known carpal tunnel. The Carpal Wrist also has the significant advantages of possessing closed-form forward and inverse kinematic solutions and a large, dexterous workspace that is free of interior singularities (either considered separately or as part of a manipulator arm). As a result of its symmetric parallel architecture, the Wrist can handle a large payload capacity and can easily be adapted to a variety of actuation schemes. While parallel-architecture manipulators have long been recognized for their high-rigidity and large payload-to-weight capacity, few have been developed for application, primarily because of complications in kinematic and dynamic modeling. The mathematical model of any manipulator must be developed in order to allow the necessary motion control of the device. The mathematical model provides a mapping from the input space (called joint space) to the output space (called tool space) of the manipulator. Given a desired task in terms of motion of the robot tool, the mathematical model determines the required motor input parameters. Advanced manipulator performance through automatic control becomes possible when the model includes inertial or dynamic effects of the manipulator and tool. The research leading to the development of the Carpal Wrist is significant because it presents a complete kinematic and dynamic model of a parallel-architecture manipulator, and thus will provide significant improvement over current serial robot technology. This research was funded in part by TRIAD Investors Corporation (University Partners), Baltimore MD.Ph. D.
6
Canfield, Stephen Lee. "Development of the Carpal Wrist; a Symmetric, Parallel-Architecture Robotic Wrist." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30363.
Abstract:
This dissertation summarizes the research effort to develop a novel, three degree-of-freedom device that is ideally suited as a robotic wrist or platform manipulator. Because of its similarity to the human wrist, this invention has been named the "Carpal Wrist." Much like its natural counterpart, the Carpal Wrist has eight primary links, corresponding to the eight carpal bones of the human wrist, a parallel actuation scheme, similar to the flexor and extensor carpi muscles along the forearm, and an open interior passage, which forms a protected tunnel for routing hoses and electrical cables, much like the well-known carpal tunnel. The Carpal Wrist also has the significant advantages of possessing closed-form forward and inverse kinematic solutions and a large, dexterous workspace that is free of interior singularities (either considered separately or as part of a manipulator arm). As a result of its symmetric parallel architecture, the Wrist can handle a large payload capacity and can easily be adapted to a variety of actuation schemes. While parallel-architecture manipulators have long been recognized for their high-rigidity and large payload-to-weight capacity, few have been developed for application, primarily because of complications in kinematic and dynamic modeling. The mathematical model of any manipulator must be developed in order to allow the necessary motion control of the device. The mathematical model provides a mapping from the input space (called joint space) to the output space (called tool space) of the manipulator. Given a desired task in terms of motion of the robot tool, the mathematical model determines the required motor input parameters. Advanced manipulator performance through automatic control becomes possible when the model includes inertial or dynamic effects of the manipulator and tool. The research leading to the development of the Carpal Wrist is significant because it presents a complete kinematic and dynamic model of a parallel-architecture manipulator, and thus will provide significant improvement over current serial robot technology. This research was funded in part by TRIAD Investors Corporation (University Partners), Baltimore MD.Ph. D.
7
Seegmiller, Daniel Brad. "The Effects of Wrist Orthoses on the Stiffness of Wrist Rotations." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4266.
Abstract:
Wrist orthoses are the most common upper limb orthoses, being used by thousands of individuals each year to stabilize, immobilize, or support the wrist joint. Wrist orthoses achieve their function by altering the stiffness of the wrist joint (Figure 1-1). However, there is no quantitative understanding of how wrist orthoses affect wrist stiffness, and consequently, wrist orthosis development often relies on feel, intuition, or empirical heuristics rather than a methodical, quantitative approach. Because wrist movement control is dominated by wrist joint stiffness (Charles and Hogan 2011) a quantitative understanding of how wrist orthoses alter the stiffness of the wrist is imperative to the development of improved wrist orthoses with properties tailorable to the needs of the thousands of individuals who use them. In order to begin bridging this gap, our research characterized the stiffness of four common groups of wrist orthosis in two degrees of freedom: flexion-extension (FE) and radioulnar deviation (RUD) which are the degrees of motion most affected by wrist orthoses. We used a wrist robot to measure how twelve orthoses altered the passive wrist stiffness of twenty healthy subjects (three orthoses and five subjects per orthosis group). To perform these measurements we designed a unique wrist-mounting fixture (Figure 3-2) which allows the wrist robot to manipulate the hand inside an orthosis without interfering with orthosis motion (more accurately simulating the actual hand-orthosis interaction). Our results showed that (1) three out of four orthosis groups significantly altered the stiffness of the wrist joint, (2) orthoses in the same group are not generally significantly different than one another, and (3) there are important differences in stiffness between different orthosis groups. An interesting implication of our research is the result that in many cases orthoses with volar stays may be interchanged with orthoses with both volar and dorsal stays without significant changes in orthosis performance (Table 4-2). We anticipate this work will prove fruitful toward the future study of wrist orthoses' effects on wrist movement behavior and the future improvement of wrist orthosis design.
8
Charles, Steven Knight. "It's all in the wrist : a quantitative characterization of human wrist control." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45623.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2008.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-178).
Over the past three decades, much research in motor neuroscience has focused on understanding how humans make coordinated reaching movements, yielding valuable insight into the planning and control of reaching movements, and establishing a foundation for robot-assisted rehabilitation. The goal of this doctoral research was to provide a quantitative characterization of humans' wrist rotations, paving the way for intelligent robot-assisted wrist rehabilitation. More specifically, we have characterized the kinematics, dynamics, and adaptation of wrist rotations, and discussed implications for planning and control. Kinematics: It is well known that humans make relatively straight reaching movements, suggesting that reaching movements are primarily under kinematic control of hand position. We used a motion capture system to test if wrist rotations are also under kinematic control. We found that wrist rotations exhibit a pattern with significantly more path curvature and variability than reaching movements (p = 0.001). While the increased path curvature could indicate that wrist rotations are not under kinematic control, this work provides evidence that the curvature is instead due to imperfect peripheral execution.Dynamics: In order to determine the exact cause of path curvature, an anatomically-accurate, mathematical model of the wrist was developed, including recent measurements of passive wrist stiffness. Combining experimentally-measured kinematics from human subjects with the wrist model revealed that moderately-sized wrist rotations can be approximated by a very simple model with virtually no loss in accuracy.Interaction torques, for which the nervous system compensates in reaching movements, are present but negligible in wrist rotations.
(cont) Rather, wrist rotation dynamics are dominated by stiffness, which was shown to be the likely cause of path curvature.Adaptation: When perturbed during reaching movements, humans adapt by straightening their paths, confirming that kinematics play a prominent role in planning reaching movements. We found that subjects consistently adapted to a conservative,velocity-dependent force field. Interestingly, this adaptation was more difficult to detect than in perturbation studies involving reaching movements. Taken together, these results suggest that wrist rotations are also primarily under kinematic control (albeit imperfect).
by Steven K. Charles.
Ph.D.
9
劉藹欣 and Oi-yan Elizabeth Lau. "Wrist pulse contour analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B35273525.
10
Lau, Oi-yan Elizabeth. "Wrist pulse contour analysis." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25085463.
11
Ganino, Anthony Joseph. "Mechanical design of the Carpal wrist : a parallel-actuated, singularity-free robotic wrist /." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08292008-063803/.
12
Damann, Elizabeth Amelia. "Wrist posture during computer mouse usage: the effects of wrist support and surface height." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45053.
Abstract:
The transition from text-oriented software to graphically-based software has
brought about a rapid increase in the number of mouse users. Recently, increased usage of
the mouse has been linked with the development of cumulative trauma disorders. This
investigation concerns the effects that mouse surface height and wrist support have on wrist
posture. Distance between targets and target width were varied to determine performance
time and performance accuracy throughout the conditions.
Results showed that the presence of a wrist support decreased wrist extension and
radial deviation, and increased wrist flexion. However, wrist support had no significant
effect on ulnar deviation. There was a significant interaction of support and surface height
for wrist extension.
Surface height had a significant effect on all dimensions of wrist posture. Higher
surface height resulted in increased flexion and ulnar deviation, and decreased extension
and radial deviation.
Distance between targets was a significant effect for ulnar deviation. The long
distance resulted in a greater amount of ulnar deviation. Accuracy was significantly
affected by distance between targets and target width. There was a significant interaction of
distance and width for flexion. When distance between targets and target width were
converted to Indices of Difficulty (ID), it was found that as ID became larger, movement
time between targets became longer (as predicted by Fitts' Law).Master of Science
13
Nakamura, Ryogo. "Diagnosis of Ulnar Wrist Pain." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/5370.
14
Singer, Mathew Kyle. "Self powered wrist extension orthosis." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1154.
Abstract:
One of the most devastating effects of tetraplegia is the inability to grasp and manipulate everyday objects necessary to living an independent life. Currently surgery is widely accepted as the solution to improve hand functionality. However, surgery becomes difficult when the user has paralysed wrists as is the case with C5 tetraplegia. The aim of this research was to develop a solution which provided controlled wrist flexion and extension which, when combined with surgery, achieves a 'key pinch' grip. This particular grip is critically important for people with C5 tetraplegia as it is used for countless grasping activities, necessary on a day-to-day basis. A systematic design process was used to evolve the solution to provide controlled wrist flexion and extension. Concept brainstorming identified four alternative solutions which were evaluated to find the preferred concept. The chosen solution was called the Self Powered Wrist Extension Orthosis, more commonly referred to as the 'orthosis'. This concept contained a shoulder harness which provided both energy and control to the wrist harness, which in turn changed the wrist position. The orthosis was developed with the use of a mathematical model which theoretically predicted the functional performance by comparing the required force needed to move the wrist harness to the achievable force supplied by the user's shoulders. Using these parameters, the orthosis was optimized using the matlab Nelder-Mead algorithm which adjusted the wrist harness geometries to maximize the functional performance. A prototype was constructed and tested with the help of two participants who when combined, achieved an average of 18.5° of wrist rotation. The theoretical model however predicted an average range of motion of 28.4°. The discrepancy found between the theoretical and experimental result can be contributed to incorrect assumptions in the theoretical model. This included unaccounted friction and inaccurate modeling of the orthosis dynamics. The feedback from potential users of the orthosis was enthusiastic and encouraging especially towards the simplicity, usability and practicality of the design.
15
Boyd, Hazel C. "Measurement of functional wrist motion." Thesis, University of Bath, 2008. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505713.
Abstract:
Little is known, from a clinical perspective, about the use of wrist motion during daily living activities. This work aimed to identify an informative list of physical tasks that could be measured practically in a clinical setting. Measurement methods including data gloves were investigated, but these were not used for reasons of practicality and accuracy. A commercial electrogoniometer system was chosen and used to measure wrist motion in flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation planes while eighteen right-handed, healthy, volunteer subjects (twelve male and six female, aged 23 to 56 years, mean 29.9 years) carried out mock-ups of the twelve everyday tasks listed in the Michigan Hand Questionnaire.
The 2-plane data from each task-measurement test were displayed on an angle-angle scatter plot, overlaid with an elliptical, estimated maximum-motion envelope.
The mean ranges of motion, averaged over all eighteen subjects, varied widely between tasks: 1.3° of flexion/extension (S.D. 1.49°) and 1.4° of radial/ulnar deviation (S.D. 2.10°) were seen while holding a glass of water, and corresponding values of 61.4° (S.D. 12.1°) and 24.3° (S.D. 7.79°) while buttoning a shirt. Frequency plots were also generated to show which wrist positions were most commonly used during the tasks.
Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to reduce the original task list to just four tasks which represented a wide range of aspects of wrist motion, including large mean ranges of motion and mean locations that were displaced away from the neutral wrist position.
These four short-listed tasks (holding a frying pan, turning a key in a lock, holding a glass of water and buttoning a shirt) could all be carried out whilst seated, with little reliance on other physiological joints and with low-cost props.
The overall approach described in this thesis could be refined into a useful clinical tool, either for identifying motion impairments tracking individual patients’ progress. In particular, the use of the elliptical estimated motion envelopes gave immediate and useful context to the task data.
16
Williams, Dustin (Dustin James) 1976. "A robot for wrist rehabilitation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8551.
Abstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (p. 205-206).
In 1991, a novel robot named Manus I was introduced as a testbed to study the potential of using robots to assist in and quantify the neuro-rehabilitation of motor skills. Using impedance control methods to drive a 2 d.o.f. planar robot, Manus I proved an excellent fit for the rehabilitation of the upper arm and shoulder. This was especially true in the case of rehabilitation after stroke. Several clinical trials showed that therapy with Manus reduced recovery time and improved long term recovery after stroke. This successful testbed naturally led to the desire for additional hardware for the rehabilitation of other degrees of freedom. This thesis outlines the mechanical design of one of four new rehabilitation robots. Its focus is the mechanical design of a robot for wrist rehabilitation. The anthropometric background data, the design's functional requirements, the strategic design selection and the detailed design are presented.
by Dustin Williams.
S.M.
17
Slaney, Graham. "Wrist guards as a public health intervention to reduce the risk of wrist fracture in snowboarders." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0041.
Abstract:
[Truncated abstract] The aim of the research was to explore the association between wrist guard use and wrist fracture risk in snowboarders in Australia. During the study, the opportunity was also taken to examine the relationship between wearing wrist guards and the severity of wrist and elbow injury. A case-control study was conducted at the Mount Buller Medical Centre, Victoria, Australia. A total of 494 participants was recruited during the 2004 and 2005 ski seasons. Cases were defined as any snowboarder seen at the Clinic with a fractured wrist (N = 119), and controls as any snowboarder seen at the clinic for any reasons other than a fractured wrist (N = 375). Severity of forearm injuries were defined and analysed separately. Study participants completed a questionnaire consisting of: basic demographics (age and sex only); wrist guard use on the day of presentation; normal use of protective equipment; the number of days spent snowboarding that season; the ability of the snowboarder; and ski run difficulty. Risk taking behaviour was assessed by a history of any previous fracture or joint injury and psychometric questions. Clinic medical staff recorded site and severity of fractures and soft tissue injuries. Logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted odds ratios for these risk factors against the main outcome measure. Presence of wrist fracture and injury in snowboarders with and without wrist guards. ... There was a significant association between wrist guard use and soft tissue elbow injuries (adjusted odds ratio = 17.6, p = 0.011, 95% CI: 1.93 160.2), but no significant association with elbow fractures (adjusted odds ratio = 1.84, p = 0.385, 95% CI: 0.46 7.30). There was thus no evidence in this study that wrist guards increase the occurrence of other severe injuries in the forearm by transferring the impact force away from the protected wrist up the arm. No evidence was found for compensatory risk taking behaviour in participants wearing protective equipment. A local injury prevention strategy was implemented in schools in the Mt Buller district during the course of this study. Education about the protective effects of wrist guards enabled a policy change in the local secondary college so that wrist guard use is now mandatory for all snowboarders in the school ski programme: That policy states:
18
Plant, Timothy. "Reflex control of human wrist muscles." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252795.
19
Saccoccio, Gregory Nicholas. "Error modeling of the carpal wrist." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02132009-171421/.
20
Salmond, Layne Hancock. "Characterization of Smoothness in Wrist Rotations." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4322.
Abstract:
Smoothness is a hallmark of healthy movement and has the potential to be used as a marker of recovery in rehabilitation settings. While much past research has focused on shoulder and elbow movements (reaching), little is known about movements of the wrist despite its importance in everyday life and its impairment in many neurological and biomechanical disorders. Our current lack of knowledge regarding wrist movement prevents us from improving current models, diagnosis, and treatment of wrist disorders. In particular, while movement smoothness is a well-known characteristic of reaching movements and may potentially be used to diagnose and monitor recovery from neurological impairments, little is known about the smoothness of wrist rotations. Therefore, because the smoothness of wrist rotations has not been characterized, it cannot be used as a marker for diagnosis and evaluation. This study examines the smoothness of wrist rotations in comparison to the known baseline of reaching movements. Subjects were asked to perform wrist and reaching movements under a variety of conditions, including different speed and direction. To measure movement smoothness, this study used an established metric of speed profile number of maxima and presents a novel method for characterizing smoothness by fitting a minimum-jerk trajectory to real movement data.The results show that 1) wrist rotations are significantly less smooth than reaching movements (p≤0.0016), 2) smoothness decreases significantly as speed decreases (p<0.0001), and 3) wrist movements exhibit a pattern of smoothness that varies significantly between targets and outbound/inbound movement directions (p<0.0001). Potential causes for results 1 and 3 are presented and tested by simulation or reference to prior studies, because these findings were previously unknown. The decrease in smoothness with speed (result 2) has been found in prior studies of smoothness in reaching and finger movements. The reasoning behind the first result is explored by testing whether the difference in smoothness between wrist and reaching movements was due to differences in mechanical, muscular, neural, or protocol-related properties. The reasoning behind the third result is explored by testing whether the difference in wrist direction was due to anisotropy in musculoskeletal dynamics or anisotropy in movement duration. The simulations show that the wrist’s bandwidth is greater than that of the arm, and that there is nonvoluntary power in the bandwidth of the wrist that would be low-pass filtered in reaching movements, indicating that at least some of the difference in smoothness between wrist and reaching movements is due to differences in mechanical properties. Differences in muscular, neural, or protocol-related properties (signal-dependent noise, proprioceptive acuity, and the speed requirements of the task, respectively) do not appear to be the cause of the difference in smoothness between wrist and reaching movements. Differences in wrist smoothness between movement directions appears to be related to differences in movement duration between directions.
21
Paquet, Victor Leo. "The effects of keyboard height, wrist support and keying time on wrist posture and trapezius EMG during keyboarding." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01312009-063428/.
22
Brattbakken, Inge. "Embedded control system for cybernetic wrist prosthesis." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-10183.
Abstract:
This master thesis treats the NTNU Rotary Wrist Device(NRWD). The wrist has been developed through several projects and assignments, all derived from Øyvind Stavdahls PhD thesis from 2002, which led to a document of functional specifications. This thesis follows from a specialization project by the writer during autumn 2009. The project looked into the error-prone circuit board that was made to control the NRWD, and came to the conclusion that it could not be used, and that a different approach was necessary. Based on the experience achieved by previous assignments a suggestion for the complete hardware circuitry has been designed. In September 09 the first revision of a protocol for communication in electrical prosthesis were released. The protocol was developed at University of New Brunswick (from here referred to as the UNB-protocol), and is presented as a proposal for a standard communication protocol in the world of electrical prosthesis. This thesis suggests an expansion to this protocol. The expansion is about device profiles, meaning that a device (e.g., a wrist prosthesis, elbow prosthesis, sensory or the like) connecting to an electrical prosthesis system will let the system know what functions it can provide, without the need of updating of the system. A complete functional specification for the NRWD has been written. The specifications are based on those from the originals made by Stavdahl, with revisions in the requirements involving communication. This to make them comply with the UNB-protocol. The protocol is build on a CAN-bus, so in practice this means that all digital communication interfaces except CAN has been removed. In addition there have been added a requirement to prevent the motor from overheating. During the assignment a complete circuit diagram for a new control system has been developed. The circuitry is ready for testing and construction. It has been emphasized to use small components and making the NRWD hardware compatible with the UNB-protocol. There are also suggested some guidelines for the software development.
23
Gislason, Magnus Kjartan. "Finite element analysis of the wrist joint." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501701.
Abstract:
The wrist is a very anatomically complex joint and little has been reported about the biomechanics of the wrist joint. Cadaveric measurements have been carried out to investigate the load transfer characteristics. Due to the complexity of the joint, analytical models are difficult to create, but the finite element method is generally employed to create a numerical model of the joint. Current finite element studies of the wrist have only looked at a small subset of the joint or created a simplified model using un-physiological boundary conditions. The presented work reports on the creation of subject specific models of the whole wrist, during gripping, using loading conditions obtained through biomechanical experiments in order to be able to predict in-vivo stresses in the wrist joint, with the wrist in three different positions: neutral position, radial deviation and ulnar deviation.
24
Keen, Michael Charles. "Targeted magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359828.
25
Mallard, Thomas. "Development of an optimum artificial wrist joint." Thesis, University of East London, 2005. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3409/.
Abstract:
Wrist joint prostheses have developed from simple silicone joint spacers to the current state of the art where design philosophy now follows that of large joint replacement. A variety of shortcomings identified in existing designs through their clinical use led to the development of a new wrist joint prosthesis being designed. A combination of disciplines yields the necessary data and tools to develop the optimum solution to replicating the anatomical rotational centres of the healthy wrist whilst at the same time satisfying the requirements of stability, effective implantation and wear characteristics. The key tool in drawing conclusions from the articulating surfaces selected in the design proposals is Finite Element Analysis. The use of an implicit, nonlinear static contact analysis model developed and solved using MSC MARC software was used to examine the behaviour of the implant models' Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene component over a large range of motion and under a compressive load. The anticipated displacements and loads caused by performing daily living tasks fall comfortably within the range of motion specified for the analyses. This, coupled with repeated analysis of the model for small geometrical alterations enabled an optimum model to be selected. The information from these analyses was used directly in making decisions on the design of the prosthesis in conjunction with cadaveric trials. The initial cadaveric trial validated the primary geometrical features of the design regarding centres of rotation and stem location and identified clear areas for design refinement. The second trial fully validated the design decisions taken. Following the analytical work on the new design, and the completion of the cadaveric trials, a comparative analysis was carried out with competing designs to further validate the design. The results of this show that the new design is competitive in terms of demonstrating low stress concentrations over a practical range of motion, and that it also has excellent stability. Beyond these features, the new implant design also facilitates secure implantation, in conjunction with a range of sizes likely to accommodate the greatest range of patient anatomical variation.
26
Grobler, Garth. "Surgery of the wrist in rheumatoid arthritis." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26280.
27
Rahimtoola, Zulfiquar Omar. "Surgery of the wrist in rheumatoid arthritis /." Leiden, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40223362b.
28
Laferrière, Pascal. "Instrumented Compliant Wrist System for Enhanced Robotic Interaction." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35502.
Abstract:
This thesis presents the development of an instrumented compliant wrist mechanism which serves as an interface between robotic platforms and their environments in order to detect surface positions and orientations. Although inspired by similar existing devices, additional features such as noncontact distance estimations, a simplified physical structure, and wireless operation were incorporated into the design. The primary role envisioned for this mechanism was for enabling robotic manipulators to perform surface following tasks prior to contact as this was one requirement of a larger project involving inspection of surfaces. The information produced by the compliant wrist system can be used to guide robotic devices in their workspace by providing real-time proximity detection and collision detection of objects.
Compliance in robotic devices has attracted the attention of many researchers due to the multitude of benefits it offers. In the scope of this work, the main advantage of compliance is that it allows rigid structures to come into contact with possibly fragile objects. Combined with instrumentation for detecting the deflections produced by this compliance, closed-loop control can be achieved, increasing the number of viable applications for an initially open-loop system.
Custom fabrication of a prototype device was completed to physically test operation of the designed system. The prototype incorporates a microcontroller to govern the internal operations of the device such as sensor data collection and processing. By performing many computation tasks directly on the device, robotic controllers are able to dedicate more of their time to more important tasks such as path planning and object avoidance by using the pre-conditioned compliant device data.
Extensive work has also gone into the refinement of sensor signals coming from the key infrared distance measurement sensors used in the device. A calibration procedure was developed to decrease inter-sensor variability due to the method of manufacturing of these sensors. Noise reduction in the signals is achieved via a digital filtering process.
The evaluation of the performance of the device is achieved through the collection of a large amount of sensor data for use in characterisation of the sensor and overall system behavior. This comes in the form of a statistical analysis of the sensor outputs to determine signal stability and accuracy. Additionally, the operation of the device is validated by its integration onto a manipulator robot and incorporating the data generated into the robot’s control loop.
29
Kwan, Chi Kong. "An investigation of a spherical robot wrist actuator." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15986.
30
Lloyd, John D. "Effect of wrist activity on median nerve function." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18967.
Abstract:
Background - Hand intense occupational activities have been associated with an increase in the incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). CTS is characterized by an impairment of median nerve function. To date, a dose-response relationship between wrist activity and median nerve performance has not been documented. Since repetitive hand/wrist activity in the workplace has significant implications, it is important to establish a scientific basis for the aetiology of work-related carpal tunnel syndrome. Methods -- In a laboratory environment, twenty-seven clinically confirmed asymptomatic female subjects performed continuous repetitive wrist motion in the flexion-extension plane during which an angle of 120 degrees was subtended about the neutral wrist position. Four levels of wrist activity, corresponding with 0 (static), 22 (Iow), 38 (medium) and 49 (high) repetitions per minute, were prescribed. Wrist motion was recorded using a state-of-the-art 3D electromagnetic tracking system (HumanTRAC). Mathematical descriptors of wrist kinematics, including cycle time, amplitude, angular velocity and angular acceleration, were calculated. Sensory median nerve response to imposed physical stressors was monitored antidromically and recorded using a clinical electroneurometer every ten minutes throughout the simulated work activities. Near-nerve skin temperature was recorded at three sites along the distal sensory branch of the median nerve every twenty minutes. Results - After adjusting for changes in near-nerve skin temperature, a significant within-subject effect of duration of exposure (time) was detected. Sensory median nerve conduction velocity differed statistically by 2.1 ms-1 between the static and high wrist activity conditions after 120 minutes of exposure, signifying adverse effects on nerve conduction that are uniquely attributable to repetitive hand motion. Wrist activity measures of mean angular acceleration presented a highly significant association with nerve performance, where nerve conduction decreased as wrist activity increased. Using regression analysis, a maximum safe wrist-workload exposure limit of 0.91 repetitions per minute is proposed. Limitations of this result are discussed. A biomechanical model is presented to calculate the effect of physical risk factors on tendon forces at the wrist. This model offers a method by which findings of the study can be employed for workplace exposure surveillance and development of ergonomic workstation design recommendations. Conclusions -- Across the study population of clinically asymptomatic female participants, a change in median nerve performance was observed. This significant effect was evoked due to imposed physical stressors. A dose response relationship between work intensity, exposure time and median nerve conduction velocity was demonstrated. The research explored in this thesis presents a foundation for the future development of a "Dynamic Median Nerve Stress Test". This test would involve the performance of a repetitive motion activity of the wrist during which changes in the function of the median nerve are closely monitored. The Dynamic Median Nerve Stress Test might prove to be valuable both as a provocative clinical test as well as an important research tool.
31
Peaden, Allan W. "Dynamics and Control of Wrist and Forearm Movements." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3687.
Abstract:
Wrist and forearm motion is governed both by its dynamics and the control strategies employed by the neuromuscular system to execute goal oriented movement. Two experiments were conducted to increase our understanding of wrist and forearm motion. The first experiment involved 10 healthy subjects executing planned movements to targets involving all three degrees of freedom (DOF) of the wrist and forearm, namely wrist flexion-extension (FE), wrist radial-ulnar deviation, and forearm pronation-supination (PS). A model of wrist and forearm dynamics was developed, and the recorded movements were fed into the model to analyze the movement torques. This resulted in the following key findings: 1) The main impedance torques affecting wrist and forearm movements are stiffness and gravity, with damping and inertial effects contributing roughly 10% of the total torque. 2) There is significant coupling between all degrees of freedom (DOF) of the wrist and forearm, with stiffness effects being the most coupled and inertial effects being the least coupled. 3) Neglecting these interaction torques results in significant error in the prediction of the torque required for wrist and forearm movements, suggesting that the neuromuscular system must account for coupling in movement planning. A second experiment was conducted in which 10 different healthy subjects pointed to targets arranged on a plane in front of the subjects. This pointing task required two DOF, but subjects were allowed to use all three DOF of the wrist and forearm. While subjects could have completed the task with FE and RUD alone, it was found that subjects recruited PS as well. Hypotheses regarding why subjects would recruit PS even though it was not necessary included the minimization of a number of cost functions (work, effort, potential energy, path length) as well as mechanical interaction between the DOF of the wrist and forearm. It was found that the pattern of PS recruitment predicted from the mechanical interaction hypothesis most closely resembled the observed pattern. According to this hypothesis, the neuromuscular system uses a simplified 2 DOF model of the joints most critical to the task (FE and RUD) to plan the task, while leaving the third DOF (PS) uncontrolled. The resulting interaction torques create the observed pattern of PS movement.
32
Drake, Will Brandon. "Passive Stiffness of Coupled Wrist and Forearm Rotations." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3446.
Abstract:
The dynamics of wrist rotations are dominated by joint stiffness, which the neuromuscular system must account and compensate for when controlling wrist movements. Because wrist stiffness is anisotropic, movements in some directions require less torque than movements in others, creating opportunities to follow "paths of least resistance." Forearm pronation-supination (PS) can combine with wrist flexion-extension (FE) and radial-ulnar deviation (RUD) to allow the wrist to rotate in directions of least stiffness. Evaluating this hypothesis, and understanding the control of combined wrist and forearm rotations in general, requires a knowledge of the stiffness (the dominant mechanical impedance) encountered during combined wrist and forearm rotations. While wrist and forearm stiffness have been measured in isolation, there are no measurements of coupled wrist and the forearm stiffness. This study characterizes the passive stiffness of the wrist and forearm in combinations of FE, RUD, and PS. Using a wrist and forearm robot, we measured coupled wrist and forearm stiffness for 15° movements from neutral position in 10 young, healthy subjects. We found the stiffness in PS to be significantly smaller than the stiffness in RUD, but similar in magnitude to the stiffness in FE, indicating that the torque required to overcome stiffness in combinations of PS and FE is significantly smaller than the torque required to overcome stiffness in combinations of FE and RUD (assuming equal displacements). The coupled stiffness measured here will enable future studies to determine optimal paths and to compare these optimal paths to observed movements involving wrist and forearm rotations.
33
Sagerfors, Marcus. "Total wrist arthroplasty : A clinical, radiographic and biomechanical investigation." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-50040.
Abstract:
Aim: To study patient-related functional outcome measures, implant survival and radiographic loosening after total wrist arthroplasty (TWA) using four different implants. To evaluate a new TWA design biomechanically and clinically. Methods: The studies included two cohort studies with prospectively collected data (n=206 and n=219), an anatomic and kinematic analysis in a cadaveric model and a pilot study (n=20). Results: The Maestro TWA had a significantly greater improvement of radial/ulnar deviation than the Biax and Remotion TWAs. Summarized patientrelated functional outcome was significantly better for the Maestro than for the Remotion TWA. Cumulative implant survival after 8 years was 94% for Remotion, and 95% for Maestro implants. Radiographic loosening five years postoperatively was present in 26% of the Biax wrists, 18% of those with Remotion, and 2% of those with Maestro. Following TWA with the new implant design in a cadaveric model, there were no statistically significant changes compared to a native wrist regarding flexion, extension, radial deviation, the extension/radial deviation component of the dart-thrower’s motion, or the circumduction range of motion. Clinically, there was significant improvement of COPM, PRWE and VAS pain scores. Wrist extension and ulnar deviation improved, while grip strength remained largely unchanged. Conclusions: TWA is a surgical procedure which may offer a high level of patient satisfaction. Implant design may affect patient-related functional outcome after TWA. Implant survival as well as the frequency of radiographic loosening differed considerably between the four types of implants and might be a result of different implant design. Kinematic analysis of the new TWA design suggests that a stable and functional wrist is achievable with this design. Surgical placement of the new total wrist implant was reproducible and the implant yielded good patient-related outcome measures in the short term. Since TWA is an evolving procedure, further studies are warranted in order to refine indications and the place for TWA in modern hand surgery.
34
Kai, Lauren C. (Lauren Catherine). "Effects of varying inertial load on human wrist movement." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32938.
Abstract:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 44).
To study natural wrist movements in human subjects, a magnetic motion sensing system was employed to document unimpeded motion. Three identical bottles of different weights were designed as handles to provide a wide range of inertial loads. Subjects executed a series of horizontal and vertical moves with each bottle at two different speeds. Hypotheses concerning the effects of increased load on target overshoot, maximum acceleration and speed, and hand tremors were tested. The frequency content seen in the natural speed trials was found to resemble a normal distribution. This higher area of frequency content could potentially correlate with the frequency of hand tremors. After analysis of overshoot, there was found to be no statistical difference in the percent overshoot of movements by varying the weight of the handles. The data showed that the highest accelerations and speeds of the empty bottle were faster than those of the medium weight or the heavy weight bottle. One possible interpretation of this is that human wrist movement is force limited and there is a maximum acceleration at which humans can move.
by Lauren C. Kai.
S.B.
35
Mendelowitz, Sarah E. (Sarah Elizabeth) 1980. "Design of an MRI compatible robot for wrist rehabilitation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32357.
Abstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-156).
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can be used to study the effects of robotic therapy on stroke patients. This thesis focuses on the design of an MRI compatible wrist robot to be used as a clinical tool for studying the stroke recovery process and the effectiveness of robotic therapy. The robot must comply with strict MRI compatibility requirements, which require careful selection of materials and components. The actuation approach consists of a non- MRI compatible electric motor placed outside the MR room, which is used to drive an MRI compatible hydraulic system. A novel, low friction, MRI compatible hydraulic vane motor was designed for use in the hydraulic system. The robot was designed for use with two interchangeable transmission alternatives: differential gears or friction drive. A stand was designed to allow the wrist robot and patient to fit comfortably within the MRI machine. The MRI compatible wrist robot was assembled and qualitatively tested.
by Sarah E. Mendelowitz.
S.M.
36
Celestino, James R. (James Richard). "Characterization and control of a robot for wrist rehabilitation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34132.
Abstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-214).
Human motor control pathologies, such as those caused by stroke, can be treated through physical rehabilitation. The use of robots in therapy environments seems appropriate considering the possibilities they offer for quantification of performance as well as "quality control" between therapy sessions. The research presented in this thesis is part of the continuing development of robotic applications for physical therapy and neuro-rehabilitation at the Newman Laboratory for Biomechanics and Human Rehabilitation. MIT-MANUS, a robot for shoulder and elbow therapy developed in this lab, introduced this new brand of therapy, offering a highly backdrivable mechanism with a soft and stable feel for the user. The focus here is the development, characterization, and implementation of a robot for wrist rehabilitation, designed to provide three rotational degrees of freedom. The wrist motions of flexion/extension and abduction/adduction are governed by a differential gear mechanism, while pronation and supination of the forearm are actuated by a curved slider attached to the rest of the mechanism. Through the characterization, the device was found to exhibit some unwanted behavior, largely attributable to the nonlinearities inherent in the system. Efforts to suppress these effects through control are presented along with recommendations for addressing these problems at the design level.
(cont.) The alpha prototype has been set up for clinical trials by providing a functional control scheme along with "video game" patient interfaces; initial clinical trials will run in parallel with the development of the next version of the device. If improvements comparable to those seen with the use of MIT-MANUS are seen with the wrist robot, then rehabilitation therapists will have a new and useful tool at their disposal.
by James R. Celestino.
S.M.
37
Moyer, Thomas H. "The design of an integrated hand and wrist mechanism." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29547.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1992.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-106).
by Thomas H. Moyer.
M.S.
38
Poh, Ming-Zher. "Continuous assessment of epileptic seizures with wrist-worn biosensors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68456.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-159).
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized predominantly by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures. The apprehension about injury, or even death, resulting from a seizure often overshadows the lives of those unable to achieve complete seizure control. Moreover, the risk of sudden death in people with epilepsy is 24 times higher compared to the general population and the pathophysiology of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) remains unclear. This thesis describes the development of a wearable electrodermal activity (EDA) and accelerometry (ACM) biosensor, and demonstrates its clinical utility in the assessment of epileptic seizures. The first section presents the development of a wrist-worn sensor that can provide comfortable and continuous measurements of EDA, a sensitive index of sympathetic activity, and ACM over extensive periods of time. The wearable biosensor achieved high correlations with a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved system for the measurement of EDA during various classic arousal experiments. This device offers the unprecedented ability to perform comfortable, long-term, and in situ assessment of EDA and ACM. The second section describes the autonomic alterations that accompany epileptic seizures uncovered using the wearable EDA biosensor and time-frequency mapping of heart rate variability. We observed that the post-ictal period was characterized by a surge in sympathetic sudomotor and cardiac activity coinciding with vagal withdrawal and impaired reactivation. The impact of autonomic dysregulation was more pronounced after generalized tonic-clonic seizures compared to complex partial seizures. Importantly, we found that the intensity of both sympathetic activation and parasympathetic suppression increased approximately linearly with duration of post-ictal EEG suppression, a possible marker for the risk of SUDEP. These results highlight a critical window of post-ictal autonomic dysregulation that may be relevant in the pathogenesis of SUDEP and hint at the possibility for assessment of SUDEP risk by autonomic biomarkers. Lastly, this thesis presents a novel algorithm for generalized tonic-clonic seizure detection with the use of EDA and ACM. The algorithm was tested on 4213 hours (176 days) of recordings from 80 patients containing a wide range of ordinary daily activities and detected 15/16 (94%) tonic-clonic seizures with a low rate of false alarms (<; 1 per 24 h). It is anticipated that the proposed wearable biosensor and seizure detection algorithm will provide an ambulatory seizure alarm and improve the quality of life of patients with uncontrolled tonic-clonic seizures.
by Ming-Zher Poh.
Ph.D.
39
Ramsey, Lucia. "Working wrist splints and rheumatoid arthritis : effectiveness and perceptions." Thesis, Ulster University, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.728647.
Abstract:
Working wrist splints are commonly used in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet evidence for their effectiveness is inconclusive. A mixed methods, systematic review was conducted and found strong quantitative evidence, supported by qualitative literature, that working wrist splints reduce pain. The review also found moderate evidence that grip strength is improved and dexterity impaired. Insufficient evidence was found of their effect on function. The literature review exposed limited exploration of occupational therapists’ and users’ experiences and perceptions of the use and effectiveness of working wrist splints. Three focus groups were conducted with occupational therapists and revealed that therapists believed they provided a person-centred, customised service. Person- centred practice was exposed as being challenged at organisational and scope of practice levels. Focus groups identified opportunities in the field of work rehabilitation and measurement and use of activation levels to individualise self-management techniques. To explore patient perceptions and experiences of working wrist splints, a focus group and focused telephone interviews were conducted. Participants reported that splints relieved pain and improved some functional tasks while impeding others. Occupational identity influenced splint use for social and work purposes and the need for therapists to help assimilate splint use into a new occupational self-image was highlighted. Tailored patient education to maximise self-management techniques and outcomes was also highlighted. This work has strengthened the evidence for the effectiveness of working wrist splints for people with RA and variations across individuals and tasks in improving functional ability was exposed. Factors influencing splint effectiveness and implications for practice have been identified. There is scope to improve person-centred practice through enhanced training and inclusion of interventions tailored to individual activation levels. Those with RA should be supported to remain in work and increased choice of splint and improvements in design could also aid engagement and outcomes for users.
40
Käsmä, T. (Tommi). "Putt swing and hit measurement using a wrist device." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201510092053.
Abstract:
Developing automated electronic training aids for sports has become more and more viable in recent years. Modern smartphones provide ubiquitously available computing resources. Combined with ever smaller, increasingly accurate and energy efficient motion measurement technologies, this has enabled the creation of automated systems able to offer feedback to people engaged in various sports, thus aiding them in their training. In many sports, including golf, it is of interest to track the movement of the hands and arms to gain insight into the player’s technique. Wrist mounted devices, such as wrist watches, are widely used and accepted to be relatively unintrusive to wear in many sports. The wrist is also directly connected to the hands that control the used equipment, such as golf clubs. Following a review of currently existing golf training aids, wrist device was chosen as a suitable compromise between user comfort and performance for measuring movement in golf. In the context of this thesis, a prototype device for measuring golf putts was designed and implemented. In addition, a simulation set-up was created for measuring acceleration data during golf putts performed by a human subject and a purpose-built human analogue. The resulting signals were analysed with a view towards use in algorithm development. The implemented device proved able to produce data of sufficient quality and quantity to enable algorithm design and implementation. A preliminary test was performed to verify that detection of putts using this device was viable, thus laying the base for creating an automated system able to give instant feedback to the userViime vuosina urheiluharjoittelua tukemaan on kehitetty sähköisiä apulaitteita. Älypuhelimien laskentaresurssit yhdistettynä yhä pienempiin, tarkempiin ja energiatehokkaampiin liikkeenmittausteknologioihin ovat mahdollistaneet automaattiset järjestelmät, jotka kykenevät palautteella tehostamaan eri urheilulajien harjoittelua. Käsien ja käsivarsien tarkka seuraaminen on hyödyllistä monessa urheilulajissa, mukaan lukien golfissa. Tieto käsien liikkeestä voi auttaa ymmärtämään pelaajien tekniikkaa paremmin. Rannekellon tyylisten laitteiden koetaan olevan huomaamattomia käytössä. Ranteet ovat myöskin suorassa yhteydessä käsiin, joilla urheiluvälineitä usein hallitaan. Tässä työssä tarkasteltiin tällä hetkellä olemassa olevia golfharjoittelun apuvälineitä. Rannelaitteen katsottiin olevan sopiva kompromissi käyttäjämukavuuden ja mittaussuorituskyvyn väliltä liikkeen mittausta varten golfissa. Toteutetulla prototyyppilaitteella mitattiin puttien kiihtyvyysdataa. Putteja suoritti sekä testihenkilö, että mekaaninen aitoa puttiliikettä matkimaan rakennettu laite. Mitattuja signaaleja tarkasteltiin algoritmikehityksen kannalta. Laitteen todettiin käytännössä kykenevän tuottamaan määrällisesti ja laadullisesti riittävää dataa algoritmikehitystä varten. Alustavassa testauksessa varmistettiin, että puttien automaattinen tunnistaminen laitetta käyttäen on mahdollista. Tulokset ovat perusta automaattisesti palautetta antavan järjestelmän luomiselle
41
Forero, Juan. "Wrist dynamics in the posteroanterior plane: model and experiments." FIU Digital Commons, 2001. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3337.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to create and validate mathematical model of the human wrist. The validated model can be useful in the quantification of dynamic effects on wrist injuries.
A model of the wrist based on elements modeling soft tissue as viscoelastic materials was generated. An algorithm based on the fourth order Runge-Kutta method extended to multiple coupled ordinary differential equations written in Matlab® was used to solve the system of coupled ordinary differential equations defining the model. The model was first validated based on results found in the literature for static models. A simple experiment was then developed and used to validate experimentally the results obtained from the model.
Force transmission increased significantly when dynamic loads were analyzed. The results of this study exposed the limitation for static models to characterize the wrist behavior.
42
Vidinski, Phillip T., and Phillip T. Vidinski. "Neural Network Force Control of a Spherical Parallel Wrist." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625324.
Abstract:
This thesis introduces an orienting mechanism and control system for the purpose of eye tonometry. The design is based on a 3RRR spherical parallel manipulator architecture. The end-effector is mounted with a triad of force sensing elements. Presented in this paper is a unique approach to force control based on an artificial neural network. The mechanism generates movements to collect data about its tactile environment ultimately generating a path to the force sensors' equilibrium point.
43
Singh, Harvinder Pal. "Wrist partial arthrodesis or other motion preserving surgery for degenerative wrist disease : prospective comparative assessment of grip strength, range of motion, function and disability." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33156.
Abstract:
Traumatic osteoarthritis of the wrist is a disabling disease that affects middleaged active adults in the prime of their working life. I set out to assess wrist function and disability in patients with traumatic wrist osteoarthritis before and after surgery. I measured wrist range of motion with flexible electrogoniometer, grip strength with force-time curves using dynamometer, hand function with timed Sollerman hand function test and patient-reported outcome. I first developed these techniques in normal volunteers and then extended them to patients with wrist osteoarthritis before surgery and after four-corner fusion, three-corner fusion, total wrist fusion, and proximal row carpectomy. I used flexible electrogoniometry to generate circumduction curves to measure range, rate and rhythm of circumduction of the wrist. It showed that there was no difference in range of motion parameters in patients with wrist osteoarthritis before surgery and after four-corner fusion and three-corner fusion. Proximal row carpectomy provides better flexion-extension and poorer radio-ulnar deviation than four-corner fusion. Three-corner fusion allows better rate and rhythm of movements in flexion and ulnar deviation compared to four-corner fusion. Grip strength was measured with dynamometer to generate force time curves to measure sustainability of grip. There was no difference between our groups with wrist osteoarthritis before surgery and after wrist fusion, four-corner fusion or three-corner fusion. I developed the Timed Sollerman hand function test by measuring the time taken to complete each of the tasks without summarisation into a 5-point scale. It showed that volunteers completed the tasks quicker with the dominant hand than with the nondominant hand. Women took less time to complete the tasks in the 30-40 years age group than women in the 20-30 years age group and beyond 40 years. The patients with PRC completed the different activities of daily living quicker than the 4CF patients, except for activities requiring wrist torque strength.
44
Hatches, Patricia L. "The effects of wrist proprioception on joint stability for forward falls." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3904.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 91 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
45
Poladia, Chintan. "Systems identification of sensorimotor control for visually guided wrist movements." [Milwaukee, Wis.] : e-Publications@Marquette, 2009. http://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/16.
46
Lee, Seungyon. "Buzzwear: supporting multitasking with wearable tactile displays on the wrist." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37146.
Abstract:
On-the-go users' interaction with mobile devices often requires high visual attention that can overtax limited human resources. For example, while attending information displayed on a mobile device, on-the-go users who are driving a car or walking in the street can easily fail to see a dangerous situation.
This dissertation explores the benefits of wearable tactile displays (WTDs) to support eyes-free interaction for on-the-go users. The design and implementation of the WTDs are motivated by two principles in mobile user interaction that have been proven both commercially and academically: wristwatch interfaces that reduce the time for device acquisition and tactile interfaces that eliminate the need for visual attention.
In this dissertation, I present three phases of design iteration on WTDs to provide the design rationale and challenges. The result of the iterative design is evaluated through in-depth formal investigations with novice users in two experiments: user perception of the tactile stimuli and information throughput in association with multiple tactile parameters, and perception of the tactile stimuli and information throughput when the user is visually distracted.
The first experiment explores general human capabilities in perceiving tactile stimuli on the wrist. It reveals that subjects could discriminate 24 tactile patterns with 98% accuracy after 40 minutes of training. Of the four parameters (intensity, starting point, rhythm, direction) that were configured to design the 24 patterns, intensity was the most difficult parameter to distinguish, and temporal variation was the easiest.
The second experiment explores users' abilities to perceive incoming alerts from two mobile devices (WTD and mobile phone) with and without visual distraction. The second experiment reveals that when the user was distracted visually, reaction time to perceive the incoming alerts became slower with the mobile phone alert but not with the WTD.
47
Gyllensvärd, Dan. "AN ERGONOMIC QUANTIFICATION CONCEPT FOR WRIST MOVEMENTS IN DHM-ENVIRONMENTS." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-16093.
Abstract:
The increasing level of computerization in design and engineering work has led to development of software such as Digital Human Modeling (DHM) Tools. These tools are used to simulate and visualize human work as well as evaluating ergonomic conditions. The ergonomic assessment methods based on observations, such as OWAS and RULA, are used for characterizing static load and are usually integrated in DHM tools. Researchers now aims at developing assessment methods of dynamic work where even time-dependent variables are taken into account. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a concept for quantification of wrist movements in flexion and extension, based on three exposure variables; angular position, angular velocity and repetitiveness. The concept is intended to form the basis for further development of a comprehensive assessment method for wrist movements, adapted for use in DHM tools. Such an approach is necessary because of the large amount of work-related cumulative disorders, reported from industry. The method approach contained a literature review, an establishment of concept content, a collection of motion data using goniometry and computer programming, in order to illustrate the function of the concept. The result proposed a quantification concept for wrist movements in flexion and extension, concerning angular position exposure, angular velocity level exposure and repetitiveness. The concept is based on a combination of modified and established evaluation methods, including suggestions for how to identify fundamental cycles, in order to determine repetitiveness. The presented concept provides a basis for further development of a comprehensive assessment method and highlights deficiencies in the lack of existing definitions concerning exposure threshold values.Den ökande datoriseringen av konstruktion och produktionsplanering har lett till utveckling av mjukvaror såsom Digital Human Modeling (DHM)-verktyg. Dessa används för att simulera och visualisera människors arbete samt utvärdera ergonomiska förhållanden. De metoder som används för detta bygger på observation av statiska positioner, exempelvis OWAS och RULA, vilka i de flesta fall finns implementerade i DHM-verktygen. Forskare strävar nu efter att utveckla ergonomiska bedömningsmetoder av dynamiskt arbete där även tidsberoende variabler beaktas. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att utveckla ett koncept för kvantifiering av handledsrörelser i flexion och extension, med avseende på handledsposition, vinkelhastighet och repetitivitet. Konceptet ska ligga till grund för vidare utveckling mot en komplett bedömningsmetod av handledsrörelser, anpassade för användning i DHM-verktyg. En sådan är nödvändig på grund av den stora mängd arbetsrelaterade belastningsskor som rapporteras från industrin. Genomförandet bestod av litteraturstudier, beslut om konceptinnehåll, insamling av rörelsedata för handleden med hjälp av en electrogoniometer samt programmering för att illustrera kvantifieringskonceptet i siffror samt för att förenkla implementering i DHM-verktyg. Resultatet visar ett kvantifieringskoncept för handledsrörelser i flexion/extension med avseende på de ovan givna exponeringsvariablerna, samt ett förslag på hur identifikation av fundamentala cykler kan ske. Detta för att ge en uppfattning om graden av repetitivitet. Det presenterade konceptet i denna rapport ger en grund för fortsatt utveckling mot en heltäckande bedömningsmetod, samt belyser svårigheter i definitioner av exponeringsgränsvärden.
48
Landry, John S. "Optimal fixed wrist alignment for below-elbow, powered, prosthetic hands." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0032/MQ65499.pdf.
49
D'Arceuil, Helen E. "Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the human wrist and skin." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321107.
50
Reid, Campbell Stuart. "Cortical activation during rapid step-tracking movements of the wrist." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424221.