Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wrinking effect

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Wrinking effect'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Wrinking effect"

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TSAI, N., and S. KIRKHAM. "Fingertip Skin Wrinkling – the Effect of Varying Tonicity." Journal of Hand Surgery 30, no. 3 (2005): 273–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsb.2004.12.010.

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Fingertip skin wrinkling after prolonged immersion in water is a well-recognized phenomenon, whereas a denervated digit does not exhibit normal skin wrinkling while a finger with a regenerated or repaired nerve shows at least partial reappearance of wrinkling. This is the basis for the bedside immersion-wrinkling test of autonomic digital nerve function. The exact mechanism of fingertip skin wrinkling is still subject to controversy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the tonicity of a solution and the time elapsed to skin wrinkling. Fourteen healthy volunteers (28 hands) were recruited for investigation. We submerged all 28 hands in solutions of varying tonicity while maintaining all other parameters constant. We found that increased tonicity significantly slowed the time to wrinkling (TTW). Hypotonic solutions such as water should be used when performing clinical bedside testing for autonomic digital nerve function.
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Chen, Lu, and Shankar Kalyanasundaram. "Effect of Fiber Orientation on the Wrinkling Behavior of Thermoplastic Composite." Materials Science Forum 893 (March 2017): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.893.21.

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In this work, experiments were conducted to examine the impact of fiber orientation of self-reinforced polypropylene on wrinkling phenomenon. Defects due to wrinkling are major quality issues in rapid forming of sheet materials. This article examines the influence of two fiber orientations [0°/90° and 45°/-45°] on wrinkling initiation of a self-reinforced polypropylene composite (Curv®) material system. It was found that 45°/-45° specimen wrinkles at smaller axial displacement compared to 0°/90° specimen. In both specimens, there was an abrupt change in strain increment ratio that corresponded to the onset of wrinkling. This phenomenon validates the robustness of the wrinkling indictor based on strain increment ratio concept.
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Hematian, J., and P. M. Wild. "Initial imperfections and the initiation of wrinkling in finite element modelling of deep drawing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 214, no. 1 (2000): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954408001530227.

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The effect of initial imperfections on the initiation of wrinkling in finite element models of deep drawing operations is assessed. Models of an annular plate are subjected to radial in-plane loading and the effects of different types, magnitudes and distributions of imperfections are investigated. A model of a circular plate subjected to out-of-plane loading from a punch and die is similarly investigated and the results are compared with experimental data. It is confirmed that initial imperfections are an essential requirement for the initiation of wrinkling for the case of in-plane loading. Initial imperfections are shown to be unimportant in the initiation of wrinkling for the case of out-of-plane loading.
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Alawiye, Hamza, Ellen Kuhl, and Alain Goriely. "Revisiting the wrinkling of elastic bilayers I: linear analysis." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2144 (2019): 20180076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0076.

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Wrinkling is a universal instability occurring in a wide variety of engineering and biological materials. It has been studied extensively for many different systems but a full description is still lacking. Here, we provide a systematic analysis of the wrinkling of a thin hyperelastic film over a substrate in plane strain using stream functions. For comparison, we assume that wrinkling is generated either by the isotropic growth of the film or by the lateral compression of the entire system. We perform an exhaustive linear analysis of the wrinkling problem for all stiffness ratios and under a variety of additional boundary and material effects. Namely, we consider the effect of added pressure, surface tension, an upper substrate and fibres. We obtain analytical estimates of the instability in the two asymptotic regimes of long and short wavelengths. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Rivlin's legacy in continuum mechanics and applied mathematics’.
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Fagerberg, L. "The effect of local bending stiffness on the wrinkling of sandwich panels." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 217, no. 2 (2003): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/147509003321921355.

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The use of the face sheet elastic modulus versus the face sheet local bending stiffness while designing against wrinkling is discussed in this paper. It shows that there are several ways to improve the critical wrinkling load of a sandwich panel without replacing the core. It is often possible to increase the wrinkling load by as much as 25 per cent without virtually any increase in weight or cost of the sandwich. This is achieved by improving the local bending stiffness of the sandwich face sheet by either optimizing the stacking sequence, lowering the fibre volume fraction or adding some extra layers of a cheap fibre material to the sandwich face, creating a minisandwich within the face sheet. Experiments are performed that clearly show the potential for increasing the critical wrinkling load by means of altering the face sheet.
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ZHANG, YONGJU, PINGGEN CAI, LI ZHANG, and SENJIANG YU. "MULTIMODE WRINKLING PATTERNS OF IRON FILMS SPUTTER DEPOSITED ON FLEXIBLE SUBSTRATES WITH GRADIENT MODULUS." Surface Review and Letters 28, no. 05 (2021): 2150035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x21500359.

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Wrinkling patterns are beneficial for a wide range of engineering applications including flexible electronics, tuned optics, sensoring, energy harvesting, surface wetting and biomedicine. Here we report on controllable multimode wrinkling patterns of metal (iron) films sputter deposited on flexible substrates with gradient modulus. It is found that disordered wrinkles (G1 wrinkling) form in the weakly crosslinking region at the early stage of film deposition. Disordered labyrinth wrinkles with larger wavelengths and ordered stripe wrinkles localized by cracks (both G2 wrinkling) appear in the strongly crosslinking region for the samples with small film thickness and large thickness, respectively. The coexistence of the labyrinth G1 wrinkling and labyrinth G2 wrinkling (or stripe G2 wrinkling) can be obtained by tuning the substrate modulus and film thickness. The morphologies, evolutions and mechanisms of such wrinkles are discussed in detail based on the stress theory. This study can promote better understanding of the substrate effect on the complex wrinkling patterns.
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Hall, S. M., and S. G. Haworth. "Effect of cold preservation on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 270, no. 3 (1996): L435—L445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1996.270.3.l435.

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The efficacy of preservation fluids on the cytoskeleton and contractile function of porcine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle (SM) cells during cooling and rewarming was evaluated, using EuroCollins solution (EC), University of Wisconsin solution (UW), Marshall's solution (MS), and tissue culture growth medium (GM). Functional studies included passive distensibility and contraction to prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) in arterial rings and wrinkling of silicone membranes by cooled-rewarmed cultured SM cells. Immunofluorescence measurements were made of actin brightness in cooled arterial rings. Cultured SM monolayers were stained with antibodies to SM alpha-actin, SM myosin, and tubulin. In cooling, all solutions resulted in increased arterial distensibility, whereas EC and MS reduced cell wrinkling. With the use of all solutions, actin cables thinned, myosin filaments dissociated, and microtubules depolymerized. During rewarming, resistance to imposed tension increased in all arterial rings. After GM,ED, and MS preservation, contraction to PGF2a increased. Wrinkling increased and actin-myosin cables shortened after GM and EC; after UW, wrinkling decreased and actin-myosin cables thinned. No recovery occurred after MS. Thus the type of preservation solution influenced contractility during preservation and after rewarming. The absence of spontaneous contraction in cells cooled in UW may be advantageous.
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Wang, Xiaofeng, Haoyue Chu, and Qingshan Yang. "Numerical Analysis of Wind-Induced Response of a Wrinkled Membrane." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 20, no. 05 (2020): 2050056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021945542050056x.

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Membranes have been popularly used in the fields of civil engineering and aerospace engineering. When wrinkled, a membrane loses its stiffness in the direction perpendicular to wrinkles and is more sensitive to wind loads. This paper numerically studied the wind-induced responses of a wrinkled membrane and their variations with respect to wind speed, wind direction and wrinkling deformation. Based on the stability theory of plates and shells, the wrinkling deformation of a rectangular membrane under shear was obtained by post-buckling analysis. Then, by using the wind load derived from a wind tunnel test, the dynamic responses of the wrinkled membrane were numerically analyzed for different wind speeds, wind directions and wrinkling deformations. The results indicate the following: (1) the displacement and extreme stresses of a membrane are gradually intensified with an increase in the wind speed; (2) the wind direction plays an important role in the displacement, but it has little effect on the stresses and (3) the displacement increases with the wrinkling deformation, and the extreme stresses are intensified with an increase in the pre-tension. This study on the wind-induced responses of a wrinkled membrane is helpful to the understanding of the complex behavior of a wrinkled membrane under wind loads while reducing the adverse effects of wrinkling deformation and ensuring the dynamic stability of membrane structures.
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Huang, Jianzhang, and Qiang Han. "A Molecular Dynamics Study on Wrinkles in Graphene with Simply Supported Boundary under In-Plane Shear." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1326790.

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The formation and evolution mechanisms of wrinkling in a rectangular single layer graphene sheet (SLGS) with simply supported boundary subjected to in-plane shear displacements are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Through investigating the out-of-plane displacements of the key point atom, we clarify the wrinkling growth and propagation process. Our results show that the boundary condition plays important roles in the wrinkling deformation. And the dependence of wrinkling parameters on the applied shear displacements is captured. Based on the elasticity theory, the formation mechanism of graphene wrinkling is revealed from the viewpoint of elastic energy. The effects of aspect ratio of graphene, temperature, and loading velocity on graphene wrinkling parameters and patterns are also investigated.
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Balamurugan, G. Prasath, Rohan N. Pukadyil, Mahdy M. Malayery, et al. "Thermal wrinkling behavior of formable decorative film laminates." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 33, no. 3 (2016): 290–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756087916663031.

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This paper focuses on wrinkle development in decorative film laminates during heating operations with the goal to understand their driving factors and develop strategies to overcome such defects. The study looked at temperature and heating rate effects on the wrinkling behavior of a commercial black-out film laminated onto a metal substrate. The 135℃ threshold temperature identified for our film under which no wrinkles formed, related to the stiffness of its different construction layers. Heating rate was also noted by this study to be an important parameter in wrinkling; values between 1℃ and 350℃/min were tested. It was possible to exceed the threshold temperature stated above without wrinkling when the heating rate was sufficiently low (closer to 1℃/min, though less than 50℃/min was often sufficient depending on the final temperature). The heating rate effect is believed to be related to the time-dependent viscoelastic response of the compliant layer in relation to building thermal stresses.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wrinking effect"

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Vullaganti, Anoop. "Mechanical Parameter Characterization of Thin Polymer Films Using Digital Image Correlation." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21653.

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Mechanical parameter characterization of very thin polymer films using digital im- age correlation is performed in this work. At present days DIC is widely used in the construction, food industries, and aviation. Despite advantages when compared to other conventional methods, but users still face difficulties with the analysis of thin polymers like low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) thin polymer films. For the application of sprays to obtain the best pattern quality as well as the potential of thin-film material properties tempering from the stochastic pattern paint. This research work will investigate the effect of several spray paints on the material response of thin polymer film. It also shows how to achieve good surface traction, time effect, and the type of spray to be used for DIC analysis. Finally, this research also studies how the width of the specimen affects the wrinkling effect, which is a common phenomenon while testing the thin polymer films and exhibits the appropriate width for reducing wrinkles on thin polymer films.
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Pokharel, Narayan. "Behaviour and Design of Sandwich Panels Subject to Local Buckling and Flexural Wrinkling Effects." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15890/.

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Sandwich panels comprise a thick, light-weight plastic foam such as polyurethane, polystyrene or mineral wool sandwiched between two relatively thin steel faces. One or both steel faces may be flat, lightly profiled or fully profiled. Until recently sandwich panel construction in Australia has been limited to cold-storage buildings due to the lack of design methods and data. However, in recent times, its use has increased significantly due to their widespread structural applications in building systems. Structural sandwich panels generally used in Australia comprise of polystyrene foam core and thinner (0.42 mm) and high strength (minimum yield stress of 550 MPa and reduced ductility) steel faces bonded together using separate adhesives. Sandwich panels exhibit various types of buckling behaviour depending on the types of faces used. Three types of buckling modes can be observed which are local buckling of plate elements of fully profiled faces, flexural wrinkling of flat and lightly profiled faces and mixed mode buckling of lightly profiled faces due to the interaction of local buckling and flexural wrinkling. To study the structural performance and develop appropriate design rules for sandwich panels, all these buckling failure modes have to be investigated thoroughly. A well established analytical solution exists for the design of flat faced sandwich panels, however, the design solutions for local buckling of fully profiled sandwich panels and mixed mode buckling of lightly profiled sandwich panels are not adequate. Therefore an extensive research program was undertaken to investigate the local buckling behaviour of fully profiled sandwich panels and the mixed mode buckling behaviour of lightly profiled sandwich panels. The first phase of this research was based on a series of laboratory experiments and numerical analyses of 50 foam-supported steel plate elements to study the local buckling behaviour of fully profiled sandwich panels made of thin steel faces and polystyrene foam core covering a wide range of b/t ratios. The current European design standard recommends the use of a modified effective width approach to include the local buckling effects in design. However, the experimental and numerical results revealed that this design method can predict reasonable strength for sandwich panels with low b/t ratios (< 100), but it predicts unconservative strengths for panels with slender plates (high b/t ratios). The use of sandwich panels with high b/t ratios is very common in practical design due to the increasing use of thinner and high strength steel plates. Therefore an improved design rule was developed based on the numerical results that can be used for fully profiled sandwich panels with any practical b/t ratio up to 600. The new improved design rule was validated using six full-scale experiments of profiled sandwich panels and hence can be used to develop safe and economical design solutions. The second phase of this research was based on a series of laboratory experiments and numerical analyses on lightly profiled sandwich panels to study the mixed mode buckling behaviour due to the interaction of local buckling and flexural wrinkling. The current wrinkling formula, which is a simple modification of the methods utilized for flat panels, does not consider the possible interaction between these two buckling modes. As the rib depth and width of flat plates between the ribs increase, flat plate buckling can occur leading to the failure of the entire panel due to the interaction between local buckling and wrinkling modes. Experimental and numerical results from this research confirmed that the current wrinkling formula for lightly profiled sandwich panels based on the elastic half-space method is inadequate in its present form. Hence an improved equation was developed based on validated finite element analysis results to take into account the interaction of the two buckling modes. This new interactive buckling formula can be used to determine the true value of interactive buckling stress for safe and economical design of lightly profiled sandwich panels. This thesis presents the details of experimental investigations and finite element analyses conducted to study the local buckling behaviour of fully profiled sandwich panels and the mixed mode buckling behaviour of lightly profiled sandwich panels. It includes development and validation of suitable numerical and experimental models, and the results. Current design rules are reviewed and new improved design rules are developed based on the results from this research.
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Bhadauriya, Sonal. "Relaxation Behaviour of Patterned Composite Polymer Surfaces and Underlying Compensation Phenomenon." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1577984063649952.

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Maharajan, Ranjit Kumar. "INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SWELLING AND SHRINKAGE ON THE WRINKLING RESPONSE OF LOCALLY WETTED PAPERS SUBJECTED TO TENSION WITH APPLICATION TO WEB-FED INK-JET PRINTING." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1185295870.

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Fragner, Romain. "Caractérisation expérimentale des plissements à petite échelle dans une flamme turbulente prémélangée : effets de la pression." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2072/document.

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Le présent travail est une étude expérimentale sur l’interaction entre flamme et turbulence. L’effet de la pression sur le plissement de flammes turbulentes prémélangées est caractérisé à l’aide de diagnostics laser et fil chaud. Dans un premier temps, la caractérisation de la turbulence générée par un système multi-échelles a été réalisée. Il a été démontré que ce dispositif amplifie le taux de turbulence de 40% par rapport à un dispositif mono-grille de maille équivalente. De même, les petites échelles de turbulence sont trouvées expérimentalement plus petites et plus énergétiques pour le système multi-grilles. A partir de ces résultats, l’étude des interactions entre flamme prémélangée et turbulence a été effectuée. En utilisant le diagnostic par tomographie laser, le front de flamme de plusieurs prémélanges a été étudié. En modifiant les conditions de mélange, l’effet des paramètres comme le nombre de Lewis, les conditions de turbulence ou les petites échelles ont pu être observés. Le faible impact des instabilités thermodiffusives sur la courbure du front de flamme et sur la dynamique de la flamme a été démontré. En revanche, l’effet des conditions de turbulence a été démontré comme important sur les caractéristiques du front de flamme. De plus, les résultats obtenus ont montré l’impact majeur de l’échelle de Taylor sur le plissement du front de flamme pour les conditions expérimentales de la présente étude<br>The present work is an experimental study on the interactions between flame and turbulence. The pressure effect on the flame front wrinkling is characterised using laser diagnostics and hot wire anemometry. To begin with, the turbulence generated by a multi-grid system is characterised. It is shown that the present system produces a higher turbulence rate by 40% than for an equivalent mesh single-grid system. Moreover, the small turbulence scales sizes are experimentally found smaller with the multi-grid system. From those results, the interactions between premixed flames and turbulence were studied. By using the laser tomography diagnostic, the flame front of several gases premixes was observed. By changing the mixing conditions, the effect of parameters such as the Lewis number, the turbulence conditions and the small scale was observed. The low impact of the thermodiffusives instabilities in our conditions was demonstrated. However, the important effect of the turbulence conditions on the flame front characteristics was observed. Moreover, the present results showed the major impact of the Taylor micro scale on the flame front wrinkling for these study experimental conditions
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LAI, MENG-TING, and 賴孟亭. "Multiple herbal extracts used in the skincare cream with anti-wrinkling effects." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ht6j3z.

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碩士<br>嘉南藥理大學<br>化粧品應用與管理系<br>105<br>The objective of the study is to obtain cosmetic ingredients we needed by analyzing inhibitory effect on matrix metalloproteinases,（MMPs）in purely natural plant essence for the purpose of finding the effective anti-wrinkling skin care cream with the good economic benefits. Further, add the herbal composite extraction into the cream to invent the anti-wrinkle cream in a cost-effective way. Referring to the pharmaceutical botany and the encyclopedia of traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacy, by examining 15 Chinese medicinal herbs, such as Melaphis chinensis, Forsythia suspensa, Artemisia argyi, Caesalpinia sappan, Agrimonia pilosa, Raphanus sativus mud, Raphanus sativus skin, Coptis chinensis, Polygonum cuspidatum, Rheum palmatum, Sophora flavescens, Perilla frutescens, Citrus reticulata seed, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Scutellaria baicalensis, the results showed that there were 15 samples. The consequence indicated that Melaphis chinensis, Artemisia argyi, Agrimonia pilosa, Rheum palmatum, Polygonum cuspidatum, Sophora flavescens, Raphanus sativus and so forth at the concentration of 1 to 10% was reacted in 24 to 48 hours had an obvious inhibitory effect on MMP-2 and MMP-9. Afterwards, by combining those samples as a composite sample in order to dispense the composite sample showed the synergistic effect. These extractions could protect the collagen, put off the degradation of the collagen, and were applied on anti-wrinkle cosmetics. By adding the multiple herbal extractions to the skincare cream and chose the AN, AI and BP compound combinations. Utilizing the VISIA advanced digital skin analyzer to evaluate the reaction on removing wrinkle and the outcome displayed that the subjects had a clear decrease on their wrinkles after four weeks.
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Hallai, Julian de Freitas. "On the effect of Lüders bands on the bending of steel tubes." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-12-4588.

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In several practical applications, hot-finished steel pipe that exhibits Lüders bands is bent to strains of 2-3%. Lüders banding is a material instability that leads to inhomogeneous plastic deformation in the range of 1-4%. This work investigates the influence of Lüders banding on the inelastic response and stability of tubes under rotation controlled pure bending. It starts with the results of an experimental study involving tubes of several diameter-to-thickness ratios in the range of 33.2 to 14.7 and Lüders strains of 1.8% to 2.7%. In all cases, the initial elastic regime terminates at a local moment maximum and the local nucleation of narrow angled Lüders bands of higher strain on the tension and compression sides of the tube. As the rotation continues, the bands multiply and spread axially causing the affected zone to bend to a higher curvature while the rest of the tube is still at the curvature corresponding to the initial moment maximum. With further rotation of the ends, the higher curvature zone(s) gradually spreads while the moment remains essentially unchanged. For relatively low D/t tubes and/or short Lüders strains, the whole tube eventually is deformed to the higher curvature entering the usual hardening regime. Subsequently it continues to deform uniformly until the usual limit moment instability is reached. For high D/t tubes and/or materials with longer Lüders strains, the propagation of the larger curvature is interrupted by collapse when a critical length is Lüders deformed leaving behind part of the structure essentially undeformed. The higher the D/t and/or the longer the Lüders strain is, the shorter the critical length. This class of problems is analyzed using 3D finite elements while the material is modeled as an elastic-plastic solid with an “up-down-up” response over the extent of the Lüders strain, followed by hardening. The analysis reproduces the main features of the mechanical behavior provided the unstable part of the response is suitably calibrated. The uniform curvature elastic regime terminates with the nucleation of localized banded deformation. The bands appear in pockets on the most deformed sites of the tube and propagate into the hitherto intact part of the structure while the moment remains essentially unchanged. The Lüders-deformed section has a higher curvature, ovalizes more than the rest of the tube, and develops wrinkles with a characteristic wavelength. For every tube D/t there exists a threshold of Lüders strain separating the two types of behavior. This bounding value of Lüders strain was studied parametrically.<br>text
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Book chapters on the topic "Wrinking effect"

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Tolstoy, Leo. "25." In Anna Karenina. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780198748847.003.0027.

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‘So you see,’ Nikolay Levin continued, wrinkling his brow with effort and twitching. He clearly found it difficult t0 work out what to say and do. ‘You see now . . .’ He pointed to some kind of iron bars tied up with...
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Pokharel, Narayan, and Mahen Mahendran. "Behaviour of Lightly Profiled Sandwich Panels Subject to Flexural Wrinkling and Local Buckling Effects." In Thin-Walled Structures. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351077309-80.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wrinking effect"

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Seong, Myunghoon, Dong-Gun Lee, K. P. Mohanchandra, and Gregory P. Carman. "Thermal Control of the Wrinkling Effect Using NiTi Thin Film." In ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1295.

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This paper presents modeling and testing results for membrane wrinkling control using material’s property changes produced by a 1st order phase transformation. ANSYS® is utilized to determine the membrane’s length and width as well as thickness to produce wrinkling in a test sample. Test results conducted on a NiTi 20.9mm×10.8mm×5.5μm sample produce wrinkling at approximately 1% strain, which is the critical strain (εcr). Using the phase transformation properties and corresponding stiffness change, we demonstrated that wrinkling control (i.e. turning it on and off) is possible simply by changing the temperature through the phase transformation. The maximum amplitude of the wrinkles was 46.5 ± 5.4μm and the wavelength was 2.05 ± 0.40mm.
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Ohmura, Ren, Kikuya Miyamura, Takanori Okuda, and Yuichi Miyaji. "Wrinkling and bending effect in wireless power transfer on clothes." In UbiComp '19: The 2019 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing. ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3341163.3347742.

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Hossain, Awlad, Christopher Jenkins, Kyeongsik Woo, and Hirotaka Igawa. "Wrinkling and Gravity Effects on Transverse Vibration of Membranes." In 46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-1978.

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Blandino, Joseph, John Johnston, Jonathan Miles, and Urmil Dharamsi. "The Effect of Asymmetric Mechanical and Thermal Loading on Membrane Wrinkling." In 43rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-1371.

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Gabbrielleschi, Bruna, Savio Vianna, and Tatiele Ferreira. "The effect of dissipative length scales in the flame front wrinkling." In Congresso de Iniciação Científica UNICAMP. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/revpibic2720192884.

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Tkaczyk, Tomasz, Daniil Vasilikis, and Aurelien Pepin. "Effect of Pre-Strain on Bending Strain Capacity of Mechanically Lined Pipe." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18450.

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Abstract The high demand for subsea transportation of corrosive wellhead produced fluids has created interest in economical mechanically lined pipes (MLP) made of external carbon steel and a thin internal layer of corrosion resistant alloy (CRA). The bending strain capacity of an MLP, where a CRA liner is adhered to a carbon steel host pipe by means of an interference fit, is often governed by the liner wrinkling limit state. Although the strain capacity of the MLP with a typical 3 mm thick liner is enough to withstand bending to strains encountered during installation with the S-lay or J-lay method, the liner is at risk of wrinkling when the MLP is subjected to higher bending strains during reel-lay. To allow reeled installation, the liner strain capacity is enhanced by either increasing the liner thickness or pressurizing the MLP during installation. In the former approach, the required liner thickness is proportional to the pipe diameter. For larger diameter MLPs, it is therefore often more economical to select a 3 mm thick liner and flood and pressurize an MLP to ensure liner stability during reeling. However, the MLP may need to be depressurized and partially drained during installation to allow welding a structure, performing reel-to-reel connection or pipeline recovery which impose bending strain on a plastically pre-strained and depressurized pipeline. Furthermore, reeled pipelines may be depressurized subsea while subjected to bending loads from operation. Although there is a history of research into the limit loads and failure modes of MLPs, there is still no comprehensive guidance on determining the risk of liner wrinkling in plastically pre-strained MLPs. In this paper, an approach is proposed for evaluating the strain capacity and assessing the risk of liner wrinkling after an MLP, subjected to plastic bending during reeled installation at elevated pressure, is depressurized and subjected to installation loads during offshore intervention or operational loading in service. The combined effect of strain history at elevated pressure, reeling-induced ovality, bending direction after depressurization, differential pressure, temperature and residual strain is discussed. The recommendations for further work are also given.
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Osman, Omaima FathElrahman, Remah Mutasim Ibrahim Elbashir, Imad Eldain Abbass, Connah Kendrick, Manu Goyal, and Moi Hoon Yap. "Automated assessment of facial wrinkling: A case study on the effect of smoking." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2017.8122755.

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8

Taheri Kahnamouei, Jalal, and Bashir Behjat. "Modeling and Experimental Validation of the Effect of Sand Filling on Avoiding Wrinkling Phenomenon in Thin-Walled Tube Bending Process." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-25195.

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This paper investigates a method to avoid the wrinkling in thin-walled tubes in bending process. In the tube bending process there are several effective parameters such as wall thickness, outer diameter-to-wall thickness ratio, centerline bending radius-to-outer diameter ratio. Any mismatch in the selection of the process parameters would cause defects like wrinkling, serve changes in wall thickness, and cross section distortion. For example, the depth of wrinkling increases with reduction in wall thickness and outer diameter-to-wall thickness ratio for a certain bending angle and radius. In this research, to avoid wrinkle initiation, tube is filled by sand and then bended. This sandy core is supported the tube from inner, and tube is prepared to bending. After bending process, sand is removed. In this work, to study the process numerically, a 3D finite element model of the horizontal bending process is built using ANSYS software. Then, experimental tests have been carried out to verify the simulation results and are developed to provide additional insight. A comparison between numerical and experimental results shows a reasonable agreement. It shows that wrinkle initiation can be avoided with filler material like sand.
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9

Gavriilidis, Ilias, and Spyros A. Karamanos. "Influence of Lined Pipe Fabrication on Liner Wrinkling." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95743.

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Abstract An economical method to protect offshore pipelines against corrosive ingredients of hydrocarbons is a double-walled (also called “lined” or “bi-metallic”) pipe, in which a thick-walled low-alloy carbon steel (“outer pipe”) is lined internally with a thin layer (“liner pipe”) from a corrosion resistant alloy material. During the deep-water installation, a lined pipe is subjected to severe plastic loading, which may result in detachment of the liner pipe from the outer pipe forming short-wave wrinkles, followed by local buckling. In the current study, alternative lined pipe manufacturing processes are investigated, including elastic, plastic hydraulic and thermo-hydraulic expansion of the outer pipe, for different initial gaps between the two pipes. The problem is solved numerically, accounting for geometric non-linearities, local buckling phenomena and elastic-plastic material behaviour for both the liner and outer pipe. Two types of numerical models are developed, a quasi-two-dimensional model, examining the mechanical bonding between the pipes, and a three-dimensional model, repeating the manufacturing process and investigating its effect on the mechanical behaviour of a lined pipe subjected to monotonic bending. In addition, the influence of initial geometric imperfections on liner pipe buckling is investigated, showing the imperfection sensitivity of the lined pipe bending behaviour, for each fabrication process.
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10

Yuan, Lin, and Stelios Kyriakides. "Wrinkling and Collapse of Girth-Welded Lined Pipe Under Bending." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23577.

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Pipelines and flowlines that carry corrosive hydrocarbons are often protected by lining them internally with a thin layer of a corrosion resistant material. In the most economic method, the liner is brought in contact with a carbon steel carrier pipe by mechanical expansion. In applications involving severe plastic bending, such as reeling, such a liner can wrinkle and collapse while the carrier pipe remains intact. A numerical framework for establishing the extent to which lined pipe can be bent before liner collapse was presented in [1,2]. This framework, suitably extended is used here to examine the effect of girth welds on liner collapse. The modeling starts by simulating the expansion process that plastically deforms the two tubes bringing them into contact. Bending plastically the composite structure leads to differential ovalization of the two tubes and detachment of the liner. The girth weld locally prevents this detachment creating a periodic boundary effect in the liner. With increasing bending this local disturbance grows leading eventually to a diamond-shaped liner collapse mode. The problem is first investigated using a 12-inch carrier pipe base case followed by a parametric study of the factors that influence collapse.
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