Relevant bibliographies by topics / WRF and SFIRE

Academic literature on the topic 'WRF and SFIRE'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "WRF and SFIRE"

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Kochanski, A. K., M. A. Jenkins, J. Mandel, J. D. Beezley, C. B. Clements, and S. Krueger. "Evaluation of WRF-SFIRE performance with field observations from the FireFlux experiment." Geoscientific Model Development 6, no. 4 (August 2, 2013): 1109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1109-2013.

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Abstract. This study uses in situ measurements collected during the FireFlux field experiment to evaluate and improve the performance of the coupled atmosphere–fire model WRF-SFIRE. The simulation by WRF-SFIRE of the experimental burn shows that WRF-SFIRE is capable of providing realistic head-fire rate of spread and vertical temperature structure of the fire plume, and fire-induced surface flow and vertical velocities within the plume up to 10 m above ground level. The simulation captured the changes in wind speed and direction before, during, and after fire front passage, along with the arrival times of wind speed, temperature, and updraft maxima, at the two instrumented flux towers used in FireFlux. The model overestimated vertical wind speeds and underestimated horizontal wind speeds measured at tower heights above 10 m. It is hypothesized that the limited model spatial resolution led to overestimates of the fire front depth, heat release rate, and updraft speed. However, on the whole, WRF-SFIRE simulated fire plume behavior that is consistent with FireFlux observations. The study suggests optimal experimental pre-planning, design, and execution strategies for future field campaigns that are intended to evaluate and develop further coupled atmosphere–fire models.
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Mandel, J., J. D. Beezley, and A. K. Kochanski. "Coupled atmosphere-wildland fire modeling with WRF 3.3 and SFIRE 2011." Geoscientific Model Development 4, no. 3 (July 7, 2011): 591–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-591-2011.

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Abstract. We describe the physical model, numerical algorithms, and software structure of a model consisting of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, coupled with the fire-spread model (SFIRE) module. In every time step, the fire model inputs the surface wind, which drives the fire, and outputs the heat flux from the fire into the atmosphere, which in turn influences the atmosphere. SFIRE is implemented by the level set method, which allows a submesh representation of the burning region and a flexible implementation of various kinds of ignition. The coupled model is capable of running on a cluster faster than real time even with fine resolution in dekameters. It is available as a part of the Open Wildland Fire Modeling (OpenWFM) environment at http://openwfm.org, which contains also utilities for visualization, diagnostics, and data processing, including an extended version of the WRF Preprocessing System (WPS). The SFIRE code with a subset of the features is distributed with WRF 3.3 as WRF-Fire.
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Mandel, J., S. Amram, J. D. Beezley, G. Kelman, A. K. Kochanski, V. Y. Kondratenko, B. H. Lynn, B. Regev, and M. Vejmelka. "Recent advances and applications of WRF–SFIRE." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 10 (October 31, 2014): 2829–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2829-2014.

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Abstract. Coupled atmosphere–fire models can now generate forecasts in real time, owing to recent advances in computational capabilities. WRF–SFIRE consists of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the fire-spread model SFIRE. This paper presents new developments, which were introduced as a response to the needs of the community interested in operational testing of WRF–SFIRE. These developments include a fuel-moisture model and a fuel-moisture-data-assimilation system based on the Remote Automated Weather Stations (RAWS) observations, allowing for fire simulations across landscapes and time scales of varying fuel-moisture conditions. The paper also describes the implementation of a coupling with the atmospheric chemistry and aerosol schemes in WRF–Chem, which allows for a simulation of smoke dispersion and effects of fires on air quality. There is also a data-assimilation method, which provides the capability of starting the fire simulations from an observed fire perimeter, instead of an ignition point. Finally, an example of operational deployment in Israel, utilizing some of the new visualization and data-management tools, is presented.
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Kochanski, Adam K., Mary Ann Jenkins, Kara Yedinak, Jan Mandel, Jonathan Beezley, and Brian Lamb. "Toward an integrated system for fire, smoke and air quality simulations." International Journal of Wildland Fire 25, no. 5 (2016): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf14074.

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In this study, WRF-Sfire is coupled with WRF-Chem to construct WRFSC, an integrated forecast system for wildfire behaviour and smoke prediction. WRF-Sfire directly predicts wildfire spread, plume and plume-top heights, providing comprehensive meteorology and fire emissions to chemical transport model WRF-Chem, eliminating the need for an external plume-rise model. Evaluation of WRFSC was based on comparisons between available observations of fire perimeter and fire intensity, smoke spread, PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter), NO and ozone concentrations, and plume-top heights with the results of two WRFSC simulations, a 48-h simulation of the 2007 Witch–Guejito Santa Ana fires and a 96-h WRF-Sfire simulation with passive tracers of the 2012 Barker Canyon fire. The study found overall good agreement between forecast and observed local- and long-range fire spread and smoke transport for the Witch–Guejito fire. However, ozone, PM2.5 and NO concentrations were generally underestimated and peaks mistimed in the simulations. This study found overall good agreement between simulated and observed plume-top heights, with slight underestimation by the simulations. Two promising results were the agreement between plume-top heights for the Barker Canyon fire and faster than real-time execution, making WRFSC a possible operational tool.
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Kochanski, A. K., M. A. Jenkins, J. Mandel, J. D. Beezley, C. B. Clements, and S. Krueger. "Evaluation of WRF-SFIRE performance with field observations from the FireFlux experiment." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 6, no. 1 (January 18, 2013): 121–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-121-2013.

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Abstract. This study uses in-situ measurements collected during the FireFlux field experiment to evaluate and improve the performance of coupled atmosphere-fire model WRF-SFIRE. The simulation of the experimental burn shows that WRF-SFIRE is capable of providing realistic head fire rate-of-spread and the vertical temperature structure of the fire plume, and, up to 10 m above ground level, fire-induced surface flow and vertical velocities within the plume. The model captured the changes in wind speed and direction before, during, and after fire front passage, along with arrival times of wind speed, temperature, and updraft maximae, at the two instrumented flux towers used in FireFlux. The model overestimated vertical velocities and underestimated horizontal wind speeds measured at tower heights above the 10 m, and it is hypothesized that the limited model resolution over estimated the fire front depth, leading to too high a heat release and, subsequently, too strong an updraft. However, on the whole, WRF-SFIRE fire plume behavior is consistent with the interpretation of FireFlux observations. The study suggests optimal experimental pre-planning, design, and execution of future field campaigns that are needed for further coupled atmosphere-fire model development and evaluation.
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Mallia, Derek V., Adam K. Kochanski, Shawn P. Urbanski, Jan Mandel, Angel Farguell, and Steven K. Krueger. "Incorporating a Canopy Parameterization within a Coupled Fire-Atmosphere Model to Improve a Smoke Simulation for a Prescribed Burn." Atmosphere 11, no. 8 (August 7, 2020): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11080832.

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Forecasting fire growth, plume rise and smoke impacts on air quality remains a challenging task. Wildland fires dynamically interact with the atmosphere, which can impact fire behavior, plume rises, and smoke dispersion. For understory fires, the fire propagation is driven by winds attenuated by the forest canopy. However, most numerical weather prediction models providing meteorological forcing for fire models are unable to resolve canopy winds. In this study, an improved canopy model parameterization was implemented within a coupled fire-atmosphere model (WRF-SFIRE) to simulate a prescribed burn within a forested plot. Simulations with and without a canopy wind model were generated to determine the sensitivity of fire growth, plume rise, and smoke dispersion to canopy effects on near-surface wind flow. Results presented here found strong linkages between the simulated fire rate of spread, heat release and smoke plume evolution. The standard WRF-SFIRE configuration, which uses a logarithmic interpolation to estimate sub-canopy winds, overestimated wind speeds (by a factor 2), fire growth rates and plume rise heights. WRF-SFIRE simulations that implemented a canopy model based on a non-dimensional wind profile, saw significant improvements in sub-canopy winds, fire growth rates and smoke dispersion when evaluated with observations.
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Mandel, J., S. Amram, J. D. Beezley, G. Kelman, A. K. Kochanski, V. Y. Kondratenko, B. H. Lynn, B. Regev, and M. Vejmelka. "New features in WRF-SFIRE and the wildfire forecasting and danger system in Israel." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 2 (February 24, 2014): 1759–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-1759-2014.

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Abstract. Recent advances in computational capabilities of computer clusters made operational deployments of coupled atmosphere-fire models feasible, as the weather and fire spread forecast can be nowadays generated faster than real time. This paper presents new developments in the coupled WRF-SFIRE model and related software in past two years, being a response to the needs of the community interested in operational testing of WRF-SFIRE. We describe a new concept of the fireline intensity intended to better inform about the local fire front properties and fire danger. We present a fuel moisture model and a fuel moisture data assimilation system based on the Remote Automated Weather Stations (RAWS) observations, allowing for fire simulations across landscapes and time scales of varying fuel moisture conditions. The paper also describes the implementation of a coupling with the atmospheric chemistry and aerosol schemes in WRF-Chem allowing for simulation of smoke dispersion and effects of fires on air quality, as well as a data assimilation method allowing for starting the fire simulations from an observed fire perimeters instead of ignition points. Finally, an example of an operational deployment and new visualization and the data management tools are presented.
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Kochanski, Adam, Aimé Fournier, and Jan Mandel. "Experimental Design of a Prescribed Burn Instrumentation." Atmosphere 9, no. 8 (July 29, 2018): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9080296.

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Observational data collected during experiments, such as the planned Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment (FASMEE), are critical for evaluating and transitioning coupled fire-atmosphere models like WRF-SFIRE and WRF-SFIRE-CHEM into operational use. Historical meteorological data, representing typical weather conditions for the anticipated burn locations and times, have been processed to initialize and run a set of simulations representing the planned experimental burns. Based on an analysis of these numerical simulations, this paper provides recommendations on the experimental setup such as size and duration of the burns, and optimal sensor placement. New techniques are developed to initialize coupled fire-atmosphere simulations with weather conditions typical of the planned burn locations and times. The variation and sensitivity analysis of the simulation design to model parameters performed by repeated Latin Hypercube Sampling is used to assess the locations of the sensors. The simulations provide the locations for the measurements that maximize the expected variation of the sensor outputs with varying the model parameters.
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Peace, M., L. McCaw, J. Kepert, G. Mills, and T. Mattner. "WRF and SFIRE simulations of the Layman fuel reduction burn." Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Journal 65, no. 3/4 (December 2015): 302–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22499/2.6503.002.

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Peace, Mika, Trent Mattner, Graham Mills, Jeffrey Kepert, and Lachlan McCaw. "Coupled Fire–Atmosphere Simulations of the Rocky River Fire Using WRF-SFIRE." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 55, no. 5 (May 2016): 1151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-15-0157.1.

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AbstractThe coupled atmosphere–fire spread model “WRF-SFIRE” has been used to simulate a fire where extreme fire behavior was observed. Tall flames and a dense convective smoke column were features of the fire as it burned rapidly up the Rocky River gully on Kangaroo Island, South Australia. WRF-SFIRE simulations of the event show a number of interesting dynamical processes resulting from fire–atmosphere feedback, including the following: fire spread was sensitive to small changes in mean wind direction; fire perimeter was affected by wind convergence resulting from interactions between the fire, atmosphere, and local topography; and the fire plume mixed high-momentum air from above a strong subsidence inversion. At 1-min intervals, output from the simulations showed fire spread exhibiting fast and slow pulses. These pulses occurred coincident with the passage of mesoscale convective (Rayleigh–Bénard) cells in the planetary boundary layer. Simulations show that feedback between the fire and atmosphere may have contributed to the observed extreme fire behavior. The findings raise questions as to the appropriate information to include in meteorological forecasts for fires as well as future use of coupled and uncoupled fire simulation models in both operational and research settings.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "WRF and SFIRE"

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Peace, Marika. "Coupled fire-atmosphere simulations of three Australian fires where unusual fire behaviour occurred." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/90794.

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Predicting where and how a fire will burn is critical information for mitigating the impacts of bushfires and minimising risk at fuel reduction burns. Firefighter entrapments and fatalities occur mostly at fires that display rapid changes or fluctuations in fire activity. In this thesis, I explore several of the factors that lead to rapid changes in fire behaviour. Understanding these factors is necessary in order to produce accurate fire predictions, which are critical for fire-fighter safety and effective operations. Weather is a primary driver of fire activity; consequently, meteorological information is a key input for anticipating fire behaviour. At present, weather forecasts focus on near-surface conditions; but fires and the atmosphere are three dimensional, and dynamical interactions occur that can have a dramatic influence on fire behaviour. However, these fire-atmosphere interactions are poorly understood due to their complex nature and the difficulty of collecting observational data from a bushfire. In order to further understanding of dynamical interactions between a fire and the surrounding atmosphere, we have simulated three Australian fires where unexpected fire activity occurred, using the coupled fire-atmosphere model WRF and SFIRE. The coupled simulations have been run in feedback on and feedback off mode in order to assess the impact that the fires have on their surrounding atmosphere. The results show significant changes to the mesoscale atmospheric structure as result of the energy released by the fire. Computational fire behaviour models are being used by fire managers in real time and this use will grow in the future. The question is, given we know that fires affect the surrounding atmospheric flow; what weather inputs should the fire models of the future use? The Australian fire science community is currently presented with the opportunity and the challenge to design, develop, and implement fire behaviour simulation models that contain appropriate and comprehensive meteorological inputs. The results presented in this thesis are thought provoking for the current approach to fire weather forecasts and for the use and development of computational fire simulations in the future.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Mathematical Sciences, 2014
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Book chapters on the topic "WRF and SFIRE"

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Kartsios, S., Theodore S. Karacostas, I. Pytharoulis, and A. P. Dimitrakopoulos. "The Role of Heat Extinction Depth Concept to Fire Behavior: An Application to WRF-SFIRE Model." In Perspectives on Atmospheric Sciences, 137–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-35095-0_20.

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Mandel, Jan, Adam Kochanski, Martin Vejmelka, and Jonathan D. Beezley. "Data assimilation of satellite fire detection in coupled atmosphere-fire simulation by wrf-sfire." In Advances in forest fire research, 716–25. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-0884-6_80.

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Conference papers on the topic "WRF and SFIRE"

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Beezley, Jonathan D., Mavin Martin, Paul Rosen, Jan Mandel, and Adam K. Kochanski. "Data management and analysis with WRF and SFIRE." In IGARSS 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6352419.

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