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Journal articles on the topic 'Woylie'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Wayne, A. F., M. A. Maxwell, C. G. Ward, C. V. Vellios, B. G. Ward, G. L. Liddelow, I. Wilson, J. C. Wayne, and M. R. Williams. "Importance of getting the numbers right: quantifying the rapid and substantial decline of an abundant marsupial, Bettongia penicillata." Wildlife Research 40, no. 3 (2013): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr12115.

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Context A reliable measure of population size is fundamental to ecology and conservation but is often difficult to obtain. The woylie, Bettongia penicillata, provides an example where ‘getting the numbers right’ has important implications in verifying and quantifying the recent unexpected, rapid and substantial declines across much of its range. Initial estimates prompted a conservation-status upgrade for the species to Endangered by the Australian Government. The present paper constitutes the foundational paper addressing the first steps of a decline diagnosis framework intended to identify the causes of the recent declines. Aims To verify whether the declines in woylie trap-capture rates are representative of population change; better quantify the size of the largest woylie populations; and review what is understood about the ecology of the woylie and identify key knowledge gaps that may be relevant to identifying the causes of the recent declines. Methods Monitoring data from live-cage trapping (transects and grids), sandpads, woylie diggings and nest-density surveys and spotlighting were collated. Population measures derived from trapping data included capture rates, number of individuals, abundance estimates based on capture–mark–recapture modelling and density using spatially explicit capture–recapture models (SECR). Key results The declines in woylie trap-capture rates were verified as real population declines and corresponded closely with other measures of abundance derived from the same trapping data as well as with independent measures. A 95% decline occurred in the largest extant woylie populations (in the Upper Warren region, Western Australia) between 2002 and 2008. At a species level, woylies declined ~90% (1999–2006), from a peak of ~200 000 individuals in 1999. Conclusions An accurate formal conservation status is an important factor in promoting the conservation of a species. It is recommended that the woylie be considered for Critically Endangered status under the Australian EPBC Act. Implications Adequate and effective monitoring of species is critical to detecting and quantifying population changes in a timely manner. Having an accurate measure of population size can have a significant impact on the effectiveness of conservation and management efforts.

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2

SMITH, A., P. CLARK, S. AVERIS, A. J. LYMBERY, A. F. WAYNE, K. D. MORRIS, and R. C. A. THOMPSON. "Trypanosomes in a declining species of threatened Australian marsupial, the brush-tailed bettong Bettongia penicillata (Marsupialia: Potoroidae)." Parasitology 135, no. 11 (August 28, 2008): 1329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182008004824.

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SUMMARYThe brush-tailed bettong (Bettongia penicillata), or woylie, is a medium-sized macropod marsupial that has undergone a rapid and substantial decline throughout its home range in the Upper Warren region of Western Australia over a period of approximately 5 years. As part of an investigation into possible causes of the decline a morphologically distinct Trypanosoma sp. was discovered by light microscopy in the declining population but was absent in a stable population within the Karakamia Wildlife Sanctuary. Further investigations employing molecular methods targeting variations in the 18s rRNA gene determined that the trypanosome was novel and was also present within the Karakamia population albeit at a much lower overall prevalence and individual parasitaemia levels. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the novel Trypanosoma sp. to be closely related to other trypanosomes isolated from native Australian wildlife species. Although it appears unlikely that the parasite is solely responsible for the decline in woylie population size, it may (singularly or in conjunction with other infectious agents) predispose woylies to increased mortality.

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Wayne, Adrian. "New Conservation Initiative to Save the Woylie from Extinction in the Wild." Pacific Conservation Biology 15, no. 4 (2009): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc090233.

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Six hundred thousand dollars was recently pledged by the Western Australian (WA) Government to fund an Emergency Conservation Action plan for the Woylie Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi to establish insurance populations at risk of extinction in the wild. $500,000 will be used by The Department of Environment and Conservation to establish a 400 ha predator-free enclosure in the Perup Nature Reserve (300 km south of Perth, WA) that should be capable of naturally supporting up to 500 woylies. At least 40 founders will be sourced from the surrounding area, which previously constituted the largest of three indigenous populations that persisted after pan-continental declines of the species in the 19th and 20th centuries.

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Zosky, Kerry L., Adrian F. Wayne, Kate A. Bryant, Michael C. Calver, and Fiona R. Scarff. "Diet of the critically endangered woylie (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi) in south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 5 (2017): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo17080.

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To assist the management of the critically endangered woylie (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi), a quantitative study of its diet was conducted across five of the larger subpopulations in south-western Australia. There was a close match between dietary composition established from foregut contents and faecal pellets. Woylies were predominantly mycophagous in all subpopulations, but consumed a broad diet including invertebrates, seeds and other plant material. Individuals in a high-density, fenced subpopulation ate significantly less fungi than free-ranging animals from lower-density subpopulations. Dietary composition did not vary significantly amongst subpopulations in the Upper Warren region, where a range of population densities was observed. Altogether, 79 fungal spore classes were identified, including at least 15 genera from 14 families. Sampling across one year showed that fungi made up a larger fraction of the diet in autumn or winter, and greater diversities of fungi were consumed at these times than at other times of year. This information is essential to provide valuable ecological context for effective population management of woylies, as well as identification and conservation of important habitats.

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Yeatman, Georgina J., and Adrian F. Wayne. "Seasonal home range and habitat use of a critically endangered marsupial (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi) inside and outside a predator-proof sanctuary." Australian Mammalogy 37, no. 2 (2015): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am14022.

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An understanding of the factors that influence the distribution of the woylie (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi) at local and regional scales has been identified as a key knowledge gap, because such knowledge may assist in the recovery of this endangered species. We aimed to investigate the seasonal home-range size and habitat use of woylies to update current knowledge of the species in the context of a substantial decline. Specifically, we examined the home range and habitat use of woylies reintroduced into a sanctuary free from invasive predators and compared these data to those from an external reference site. Eight woylies inside the sanctuary and seven outside were radio-tracked in autumn 2011. The average home-range size was 65.4 (±8.2, s.e.) ha. There was little evidence to suggest any difference in home-range size between woylies inside and outside the sanctuary. Woylies were more likely to be found in the slope and low-lying valley habitats, which have greater water-holding capacity and sandier soils. These relatively large seasonal home ranges, compared with previously published estimates for the species, may be accounted for by low population density, lower seasonal food availability and clustered food distribution. Monitoring the home-range size of woylies within the sanctuary may assist in identifying the carrying capacity of the sanctuary, which has implications for how this population is managed.

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Marlow, Nicola J., Neil D. Thomas, Andrew A. E. Williams, Brian Macmahon, John Lawson, Yvette Hitchen, John Angus, and Oliver Berry. "Cats (Felis catus) are more abundant and are the dominant predator of woylies (Bettongia penicillata) after sustained fox (Vulpes vulpes) control." Australian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 1 (2015): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo14024.

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The control of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) is a key component of many fauna recovery programs in Australia. A question crucial to the success of these programs is how fox control influences feral cat abundance and subsequently affects predation upon native fauna. Historically, this question has been difficult to address because invasive predators are typically challenging to monitor. Here, non-invasive DNA analysis was used to determine the fate of radio-collared woylies (Bettongia penicillata) in two reserves in a mesic environment where foxes had been controlled intensively for over two decades. Woylie trap success had increased more than 20-fold after fox baiting commenced in the 1980s but decreased precipitously in 2000. Ninety-eight monitored woylies were killed between 2006 and 2009. DNA analysis of swabs taken from radio-collars and carcasses of these woylies indicated that predation by cats (Felis catus) caused most mortalities (65%) and was three times the fox predation rate (21%). Also, indices of cat abundance were higher in fox-baited sites where foxes were less abundant. Predation on woylies by cats was greater than previously recognised and, by implication, may significantly reduce the effectiveness of fox control programs throughout Australia. Integrated fox and cat control is essential to ensure the success of fauna recovery programs.

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Thompson, Craig K., Adrian F. Wayne, Stephanie S. Godfrey, and R. C. Andrew Thompson. "Survival, age estimation and sexual maturity of pouch young of the brush-tailed bettong (Bettongia penicillata) in captivity." Australian Mammalogy 37, no. 1 (2015): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am14025.

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The brush-tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata) is a continuous and rapid breeder. However, research investigating the monthly survival and development of young woylies from parturition to parental independence is incomplete. The reproductive biology of eight female woylies was observed for 22 consecutive months within a purpose-built enclosure. Adult female woylies bred continuously and were observed caring for a dependant young 96% of the time. Pouch life of the young was ~102 days, with sexual maturity of female offspring reached as early as 122 days post partum. Crown–rump measurement was an accurate predictor of age for young restricted to the pouch, while skeletal morphometrics were a better predictor of age for ejected pouch young, young-at-foot and subadults. A four-month period between May and August of each study year accounted for 85% of pouch young mortality and 61% of pouch young births where the neonate went on to survive to subadult age. Here we discuss the possibility that pouch young born during the cooler, wetter months of May to August may have an increased chance of survival in the wild, resulting from an increased maternal investment being directed towards the rearing of ‘fitter’ progeny.

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Hing, Stephanie, Krista L. Jones, Christine Rafferty, R. C. Andrew Thompson, Edward J. Narayan, and Stephanie S. Godfrey. "Wildlife in the line of fire: evaluating the stress physiology of a critically endangered Australian marsupial after bushfire." Australian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 6 (2016): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo16082.

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Australian native fauna are thought to be well adapted to fire-prone landscapes, but bushfires may still pose considerable challenges or stressors to wildlife. We investigated the impact of bushfire on the stress physiology of the woylie (brush-tailed bettong, Bettongia penicillata) a critically endangered Australian marsupial, and assessed whether fitness indices (body condition and parasite load) influenced stress physiology before and after the fire. We hypothesised that there would be a significant change in stress physiology indicators (in the form of faecal cortisol metabolites, FCM) following the fire, compared with the months previous. We trapped woylies (n = 19) at Whiteman Park Reserve in Perth, Western Australia, two days after a major bushfire and measured FCM concentration by enzyme immunoassay. Population-level comparisons of FCM were made between these samples and those collected in previous months (n = 58). While mean FCM varied by month of sample collection, it was not higher after the fire. We suggest that woylies may be able to maintain homeostasis through change (allostasis), at least in the period immediately after the fire. This is supported by our finding that FCM did not relate significantly to body condition or parasite load. Our results potentially highlight the physiological and behavioural adaptations of woylies to fire, which could be further explored in future studies.

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Groom, Christine. "Justification for continued conservation efforts following the delisting of a threatened species: a case study of the woylie, Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi (Marsupialia:Potoroidae)." Wildlife Research 37, no. 3 (2010): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr09129.

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Context. There are few cases where a species has been removed from a list of threatened species as a result of conservation efforts. One such example is the woylie (also known as the brush-tailed bettong), Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi, which was removed from state (Western Australian), national (Australian) and international lists in 1996, following the successful implementation of the species’ recovery plan. Since downgrading of its conservation status, the woylie has been considered conservation dependent. Conservation efforts continued in the form of toxic baiting to control the species’ principal predator, monitoring to identify trends in distribution and abundance, and translocation to help restore ecosystem function and further secure the conservation status of the species. Recent observations of a decline in abundance of the species have prompted a review of its conservation status. Aims. To assess the conservation status of the woylie in 2006 against IUCN criteria and to investigate the value of continued conservation efforts following the delisting of the species. Methods. Monitoring data were collated and parameters required to assess the conservation status of the woylie against IUCN criteria were investigated. The various processes associated with conserving the species, such as translocation and monitoring, were also assessed. Key results. The species underwent a rapid decline between 2001 and 2006, reducing the population by ~75% to an estimated 10 000 individuals. The decline has not been consistent across occurrences and of particular concern are the declines observed at Perup/Lake Muir, Dryandra and Batalling, which were previously considered amongst the largest and most stable occurrences. In 2006, the species qualified for listing as Endangered using IUCN criteria. The resources allocated to translocation and monitoring the delisted woylie have ultimately resulted in managers being in a much better position to understand and act when an unforeseeable population decline occurred. Conclusion. Conservation efforts and population monitoring of delisted species must continue at a level where changes in distribution or abundance, which are significant enough to support relisting, can be detected. Implications. Threatened species lists should not be the primary consideration in allocation of resources to conservation efforts.

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Pacioni, Carlo, Cheryl A. Johansen, Timothy J. Mahony, Mark A. O'Dea, Ian D. Robertson, Adrian F. Wayne, and Trevor Ellis. "A virological investigation into declining woylie populations." Australian Journal of Zoology 61, no. 6 (2013): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo13077.

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The woylie (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi) is a critically endangered small Australian marsupial that is in a state of accelerated population decline for reasons that are currently unknown. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the involvement of several viral pathogens through strategic serological testing of several wild woylie populations. Testing for antibodies against the Wallal and Warrego serogroup of orbiviruses, Macropod herpesvirus 1 and Encephalomyocarditis virus in woylie sera was undertaken through virus neutralisation tests. Moreover, testing for antibodies against the the alphaviruses Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus and the flaviviruses Kunjin virus and Murray Valley encephalitis virus was undertaken through virus neutralisation tests and ELISA mainly because of the interest in the epidemiology of these important zoonoses as it was considered unlikely to be the cause of the decline. Between 15 and 86 samples were tested for each of the four sites in south-western Australia (Balban, Keninup, Warrup and Karakamia). Results indicated no exposure to any of the viral pathogens investigated, indicating that all populations are currently naïve and may be at risk if these pathogens were to be introduced.

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Pacioni, Carlo, Ian D. Robertson, Marika Maxwell, Jason van Weenen, and Adrian F. Wayne. "HEMATOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WOYLIE (BETTONGIA PENICILLATA OGILBYI)." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 49, no. 4 (October 2013): 816–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/2011-09-275.

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12

Skogvold, Kim, Kristin S. Warren, Bethany Jackson, Carly S. Holyoake, Kathryn Stalder, Joanne M. Devlin, Simone D. Vitali, et al. "Infectious Disease Surveillance in the Woylie (Bettongia penicillata)." EcoHealth 14, no. 3 (June 20, 2017): 518–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-017-1254-9.

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13

Murphy, Marie, Kay Howard, Giles E. St J. Hardy, and Bernard Dell. "When losing your nuts increases your reproductive success: sandalwood (Santalum spicatum) nut caching by the woylie (Bettongia penicillata)." Pacific Conservation Biology 21, no. 3 (2015): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc14924.

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To regenerate sandalwood (Santalum spicatum) stands in south-western Australia it is necessary to understand the complex relationship between woylies (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi) and sandalwood. Sandalwood requires a seed disperser for successful recruitment and in the past the critically endangered woylie played an important role in dispersing and caching seeds, but it is not clear whether this mutualistic and antagonistic relationship is beneficial to regeneration efforts. An enclosure in a woodland and 46Scandium-labelled seeds, enabled study of the in situ predation of seeds, caching, the fate of cached seeds, the detection of cached seeds and predation of germinated seeds. Woylies preferentially cached sandalwood, then S. acuminatum seeds, before any interest was shown in Acacia acuminata and Gastrolobium microcarpum seeds, which were virtually all eaten in situ. Of a further 500 radiolabelled and individually numbered sandalwood seeds deployed, 42.2% were eaten in situ, 20.8% had an unknown fate and 37% were cached, with some seeds being recached up to four times. After nine months, only four cached seeds remained undisturbed. Olfaction appeared to be the primary method of cache detection. To examine the recruitment rate of cached seeds, the fate of 89 transplanted sandalwood seedlings at two study sites was followed. After one month 38% were intact and growing, but half of the transplanted seedlings were dug up and the remaining endosperm was eaten in situ or taken away. The results highlight the potential of providing seed supplies, including sandalwood seeds and seeds of their hosts, to seed-dispersal marsupials for passive ecosystem repair.

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Garkaklis, Mark J., J. S. Bradley, and R. D. Wooller. "The relationship between animal foraging and nutrient patchiness in south-west Australian woodland soils." Soil Research 41, no. 4 (2003): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02109.

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The woylie (Bettongia penicillata) was once common and abundant over the southern third of the Australian continent. Since European settlement the range of this rat-kangaroo has become reduced by more than 97%, and until the early 1990s, only 3 small natural populations remained, all in south-western Australia. These medium-sized (c. 1 kg) marsupials create a large number of diggings as they forage for the hypogeous fruiting bodies of ectomycorrhizal fungi upon which they feed. The effect of such foraging activity on the availability of plant nutrients in the vicinity of such diggings was evaluated in simulated digging experiments. Available nitrate, ammonium, and sulfur decreased significantly 3 years after diggings were constructed and had filled in, whereas phosphorus, potassium, iron, and organic carbon remained unchanged. The results suggest that preferential water infiltration via woylie diggings leads to a decrease in those soil nutrients that are susceptible to leaching and indicates that digging vertebrates may influence the distribution of surface soil nutrients.

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Wayne, Adrian F., Marika A. Maxwell, Colin G. Ward, Chris V. Vellios, Ian Wilson, Julia C. Wayne, and Matthew R. Williams. "Sudden and rapid decline of the abundant marsupial Bettongia penicillata in Australia." Oryx 49, no. 1 (November 29, 2013): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313000677.

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AbstractThe woylie Bettongia penicillata is categorized as Critically Endangered, having declined by c. 90% between 1999 and 2006. The decline continues and the cause is not fully understood. Within a decline diagnosis framework we characterized the nature of the decline and identified potential causes, with a focus on the species’ largest populations, located in south-west Western Australia. We described the spatio-temporal pattern of the decline, and several attributes that are common across sites. We categorized the potential causes of the decline as resources, predators, disease and direct human interference. Based on the available evidence the leading hypothesis is that disease may be making woylies more vulnerable to predation but this remains to be tested. No substantial recoveries have been sustained to date, and one of the three remaining indigenous populations now appears to be extinct. Therefore, verifying the factors causing the decline and those limiting recovery is becoming increasingly urgent. Active adaptive management can be used to test putative agents, such as introduced predators. Insurance populations and ecological monitoring should also be included in an integrated conservation and management strategy for the species.

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Page, Kimberley D., Laura Ruykys, David W. Miller, Peter J. Adams, Philip W. Bateman, and Patricia A. Fleming. "Influences of behaviour and physiology on body mass gain in the woylie (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi) post-translocation." Wildlife Research 46, no. 5 (2019): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr18105.

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Context Temperament can affect an individual’s fitness and survival if it also influences behaviours associated with predator avoidance, interactions with conspecifics, refuge selection and/or foraging. Furthermore, temperament can determine an individual’s response to novel stimuli and environmental challenges, such as those experienced through translocation. Increasing our understanding of the effect of temperament on post-translocation fitness is thus necessary for improving translocation outcomes. Aims The aim was to test whether differences in an individual’s behaviour or physiology could help predict body mass changes post-translocation in the woylie (brush-tailed bettong, Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi). In the absence of predation (due to release into a predator-free exclosure), body mass was used as a proxy for an individual’s success in securing resources in the new habitat, and therefore fitness. Methods Forty woylies were translocated from two predator-free exclosures to a larger exclosure, all in Western Australia. Behavioural and physiological measures were recorded during trapping, processing, holding, and release, and again at re-capture ~100 days post-release. Key results Translocated woylies generally increased in body mass post-translocation. This suggests that, in the absence of predation, the selected candidates were able to cope with the stress of translocation and possessed the behavioural plasticity to successfully find resources and adapt to a novel environment. The strongest predictors of body mass gain were sex, heart rate lability and escape behaviour when released (a convoluted escape path). Conclusions There was no significant difference in body mass between males and females pre-translocation but females showed greater mass gain post-translocation than did males, which could reflect greater investment in reproduction (all females had pouch young). Heart rate lability and escape behaviour are likely to reflect reactivity or fearfulness, a significant temperament trait in the context of translocation success. Implications Behavioural measures that can be easily incorporated into the translocation process – without increasing stress or affecting welfare of individuals – may hold promise for predicting the fate of translocated animals.

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Pacioni, Carlo, Adrian F. Wayne, and Peter B. S. Spencer. "Genetic outcomes from the translocations of the critically endangered woylie." Current Zoology 59, no. 3 (June 1, 2013): 294–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/59.3.294.

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Abstract Translocations are an important conservation strategy for many species. However simply observing demographic growth of a translocated population is not sufficient to infer species recovery. Adequate genetic representation of the source population(s) and their long-term viability should also be considered. The woylie Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi has been subject to more formal translocations for conservation than any other marsupial that, up until recently, has resulted in one of the most successful species recoveries in Australia. We used mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers to assess the genetic outcomes of translocated woylie populations. These populations have lost genetic variability, differentiated from their source population and the supplementation program on two island populations appears to have failed. We discuss the conservation implications that our results have for managing threatened species, outline some general recommendations for the management of present and future translocations and discuss the appropriate sampling design for the establishment of new populations or captive breeding programs that may mitigate the genetic ‘erosion’ seen in our study species. This research provides some practical outcomes and a pragmatic understanding of translocation biology. The findings are directly applicable to other translocation programs.

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Pacioni, Carlo, Matthew R. Williams, Robert C. Lacy, Peter B. S. Spencer, and Adrian F. Wayne. "Predators and genetic fitness: key threatening factors for the conservation of a bettong species." Pacific Conservation Biology 23, no. 2 (2017): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc17002.

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Globally, many wildlife species are declining and an increasing number are threatened by extinction or are extinct. Active management is generally required to mitigate these trends and population viability analysis (PVA) enables different scenarios to be evaluated and informs management decisions. Based on population parameters obtained from a threatened bettong, the woylie (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi), we developed and validated a PVA model. We identified the demographic and genetic responses to different threatening factors and developed a general framework that would facilitate similar work in other bettong species. The two main threatening processes are predation by introduced animals and its interaction with reduced fitness (e.g. due to inbreeding depression or a disease). Although predation alone can drive a decline in certain circumstances (e.g. when predation success is independent from prey population density), synergistically, predation and reduced fitness can be particularly relevant, especially for small populations. The minimum viable population size was estimated at 1000–2000 individuals. In addition, the models identified that research into age-specific mortality rates and predation rates by introduced animals should be the focus of future work. The PVA model created here provides a basis to investigate threatening processes and management strategies in woylie populations and other extant bettong species, given the ecological and physiological similarities among these threatened species.

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Northover, Amy S., Aileen D. Elliot, Sarah Keatley, Ziyuan Lim, Adriana Botero, Amanda Ash, Alan J. Lymbery, Adrian F. Wayne, Stephanie S. Godfrey, and R. C. Andrew Thompson. "Debilitating disease in a polyparasitised woylie (Bettongia penicillata): A diagnostic investigation." International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 7, no. 3 (December 2018): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.07.004.

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Hing, S., E. J. Narayan, R. C. A. Thompson, and S. S. Godfrey. "Identifying factors that influence stress physiology of the woylie, a critically endangered marsupial." Journal of Zoology 302, no. 1 (December 10, 2016): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12428.

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Bennett, Mark D., Andrea Reiss, Hans Stevens, Elisabeth Heylen, Marc Van Ranst, Adrian Wayne, Michael Slaven, et al. "The First Complete Papillomavirus Genome Characterized from a Marsupial Host: a Novel Isolate from Bettongia penicillata." Journal of Virology 84, no. 10 (March 3, 2010): 5448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02635-09.

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ABSTRACT The first fully sequenced papillomavirus (PV) of marsupials, tentatively named Bettongia penicillata papillomavirus type 1 (BpPV1), was detected in papillomas from a woylie (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi). The circular, double-stranded DNA genome contains 7,737 bp and encodes 7 open reading frames (ORFs), E6, E7, E1, E2, E4, L2, and L1, in typical PV conformation. BpPV1 is a close-to-root PV with L1 and L2 ORFs most similar to European hedgehog PV and bandicoot papillomatosis carcinomatosis virus types 1 and 2 (BPCV1 and -2). It appears that the BPCVs arose by recombination between an ancient PV and an ancient polyomavirus more than 10 million years ago.

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Hing, Stephanie, Andrew Currie, Steven Broomfield, Sarah Keatley, Krista Jones, R. C. Andrew Thompson, Edward Narayan, and Stephanie S. Godfrey. "Host stress physiology and Trypanosoma haemoparasite infection influence innate immunity in the woylie ( Bettongia penicillata )." Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 46 (June 2016): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2016.04.005.

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Zosky, Kerry, Kate Bryant, Michael Calver, and Adrian Wayne. "Do preservation methods affect the identification of dietary components from faecal samples? A case study using a mycophagous marsupial." Australian Mammalogy 32, no. 2 (2010): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am09033.

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We tested whether four preservation methods for faecal samples affected the identification of dietary components from the mycophagous woylie (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi). All storage techniques identified fungi as the most abundant food type (>69%), followed by plant material (9–17%) and invertebrates (<5%). Between 8 and 13% of material from each technique was unidentifiable. Despite these general similarities in the results from the different techniques, there were small but statistically significant differences in the relative importance of the food types estimated using the different preservation techniques. Individual researchers will need to decide on a case-by-case basis whether these small differences can be disregarded given the general aims of their study or whether a correction factor is appropriate if small differences in diet are important to their objectives.

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AUSTEN, J. M., R. JEFFERIES, J. A. FRIEND, U. RYAN, P. ADAMS, and S. A. REID. "Morphological and molecular characterization of Trypanosoma copemani n. sp. (Trypanosomatidae) isolated from Gilbert's potoroo (Potorous gilbertii) and quokka (Setonix brachyurus)." Parasitology 136, no. 7 (May 6, 2009): 783–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182009005927.

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SUMMARYLittle is known of the prevalence and life-cycle of trypanosomes in mammals native to Australia. Native Australian trypanosomes have previously been identified in marsupials in the eastern states of Australia, with one recent report in brush-tailed bettongs (Bettongia penicillata), or woylie in Western Australia in 2008. This study reports a novel Trypanosoma sp. identified in blood smears, from 7 critically endangered Gilbert's potoroos (Potorous gilbertii) and 3 quokkas (Setonix brachyurus) in Western Australia. Trypanosomes were successfully cultured in vitro and showed morphological characteristics similar to members of the subgenus Herpetosoma. Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequences identified 2 different novel genotypes A and B that are closely related to trypanosomes previously isolated from a common wombat (Vombatus ursinus) in Victoria, Australia. The new species is proposed to be named Trypanosoma copemani n. sp.

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Fulton, Graham R. "Native marsupials as egg predators of artificial ground-nests in Australian woodland." Australian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 3 (2017): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo17038.

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Reviews of nest predation call for the identification of nest predators. The identity of nest predators is perhaps most poorly known for ground-nesting birds. Marsupials are not generally regarded as potential nest-predators of these birds, partly because the biology of rare Australian marsupials is not fully understood due to their rarity. This study identified three marsupials – boodie (Bettongia lesueur), woylie (Bettongia penicillata) and brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) – taking eggs from artificial nests modelled on that of the threatened painted button-quail (Turnix varius). Approximately one-third of the eggs were taken by the two bettongs and another third by the brushtail possum. I present dietary evidence of bettongs consuming vertebrate items including taking live prey to provide external validation for the notion that they may depredate natural nests. I suggest that more research is required on the impacts of reintroductions to avoid deleterious effects on resident species.

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Johnson, CN, and A. Payne. "Sex-biased dispersal in the rufous bettong Aepyprymnus rufescens." Australian Mammalogy 24, no. 2 (2002): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am02233.

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STUDIES of dispersal and philopatry in Macropodoid marsupials have revealed strong sexdifferential patterns, consistent with those found in other mammals (Johnson 1989; Greenwood 1980). In the macropodids (kangaroos and wallabies), males disperse at sexual maturity, over distances several times greater than the diameter of their mother?s home range. Females typically remain close to their birth place, often settling within the maternal home range, resulting in long-term association of female kin. Dispersal in potoroids (rat-kangaroos) is far less well understood. Although movements of adults have been studied in several species, there are only two indications of the pattern of natal dispersal and philopatry. Christensen and Maisey (1987) suggested that in the woylie Bettongia penicillata sub-adults probably dispersed over short distances, and that such dispersal was male-biased. Pope (2001) used microsatellite assignment tests and pairwise analysis of relatedness to infer that dispersal was also malebiased in B. tropica.

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Smith, Michael, Georgia Volck, Nicola Palmer, Chantelle Jackson, Carly Moir, Raquel Parker, Bryony Palmer, and Adele Thomasz. "Conserving the endangered woylie ( Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi ): Establishing a semi‐arid population within a fenced safe haven." Ecological Management & Restoration 21, no. 2 (March 12, 2020): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emr.12402.

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Hobbs, Russell P., and Aileen D. Elliot. "A new species of Potoroxyuris (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) from the woylie Bettongia penicillata (Marsupialia: Potoroidae) from southwestern Australia." International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 5, no. 3 (December 2016): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2016.06.004.

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Pacioni, C., A. F. Wayne, and P. B. S. Spencer. "Effects of habitat fragmentation on population structure and long-distance gene flow in an endangered marsupial: the woylie." Journal of Zoology 283, no. 2 (September 3, 2010): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2010.00750.x.

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Paparini, Andrea, Una M. Ryan, Kris Warren, Linda M. McInnes, Paul de Tores, and Peter J. Irwin. "Identification of novel Babesia and Theileria genotypes in the endangered marsupials, the woylie (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi) and boodie (Bettongia lesueur)." Experimental Parasitology 131, no. 1 (May 2012): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2012.02.021.

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GARKAKLIS, MARK J., J. S. BRADLEY, and R. D. WOOLLER. "The effects of Woylie (Bettongia penicillata) foraging on soil water repellency and water infiltration in heavy textured soils in southwestern Australia." Austral Ecology 23, no. 5 (October 1998): 492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1998.tb00757.x.

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Mead, RJ, DL Moulden, and L. E Twigg. "Significance of Sulfhydryl Compounds in the Manifestation of Fluoroacetate Toxicity to the Rat, Brush-tailed Possum, Woylie and Western Grey Kangaroo." Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 38, no. 1 (1985): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bi9850139.

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Levels of citrate in kidneys and livers of rats with normal glutathione levels increased 6' 8- and I . 7 ?fold respectively 2 h after dosing with I . 5 mg of compound 1080 (= 95% sodium fluoroacetate) per kilogram body weight.

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Mills, Charlotte H., and Mike Letnic. "Reversing functional extinction of mammals prompts a rethink of paradigms about seed fate in arid Australia." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 1 (January 2018): 171977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171977.

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Functional extinction of once abundant species has frequently preceded understanding of their ecological roles. Consequently, our understanding of ecosystems is prone to shifting baselines because it often relies on observations made on depauperate species assemblages. In Australian deserts, current paradigms are that ants are the dominant granivores, mammals are unimportant seed predators and that myrmecochory in many Australian shrubs is an adaptation to increase dispersal distance and direct seeds to favourable germination sites. Here, we ask whether these paradigms could be artefacts of mammal extinction. We take advantage of a predator-proof reserve within which locally extinct native mammals have been reintroduced to compare seed removal by ants and mammals. Using foraging trays that selectively excluded mammals and ants we show that a reintroduced mammal, the woylie ( Bettongia penicillata ) was at least as important as ants in the removal of seeds of two shrub species ( Dodonaea viscosa and Acacia ligulata ). Our results provide evidence that the dominance of ants as granivores and current understanding of the adaptive benefit of myrmecochory in arid Australia may be artefacts of the functional extinction of mammals. Our study shows how reversing functional extinction can provide the opportunity to rethink contemporary understanding of ecological processes.

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Botero, Adriana, Craig K. Thompson, Christopher S. Peacock, Peta L. Clode, Philip K. Nicholls, Adrian F. Wayne, Alan J. Lymbery, and R. C. Andrew Thompson. "Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)." International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 2 (December 2013): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2013.03.001.

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Northover, Amy S., Sarah Keatley, Aileen D. Elliot, Russell P. Hobbs, Rongchang Yang, Alan J. Lymbery, Stephanie S. Godfrey, Adrian F. Wayne, and R. C. Andrew Thompson. "Identification of a novel species of Eimeria Schneider, 1875 from the woylie, Bettongia penicillata Gray (Diprotodontia: Potoroidae) and the genetic characterisation of three Eimeria spp. from other potoroid marsupials." Systematic Parasitology 96, no. 7 (July 22, 2019): 553–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11230-019-09870-y.

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Elías, Gloria Silvana, and Libia Tujuayliya Gea Zamora. "Woyie t’ woyie: Recuperar conocimientos, saberes y prácticas del pueblo wichí para una transformación epistémica intercultural de los sistemas de salud." Resistances. Journal of the Philosophy of History 2, no. 3 (July 14, 2021): e21044. http://dx.doi.org/10.46652/resistances.v2i3.44.

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Este escrito parte de un dato de la realidad argentina: las políticas públicas en materia de salud llevadas a cabo por el Estado nacional desde su conformación, desconocen e invisibilizan las epistemes y los horizontes de sentido de aquellos pueblos originarios que lo precedieron. Por tanto, urge pensar caminos posibles de construcción entre el Estado y los pueblos indígenas que arriben a sistemas sanitarios interculturales. Para mostrar concretamente este dato de realidad que postulamos, el escrito aborda la problemática sanitaria Estado-pueblos indígenas en una zona particular de la provincia de Salta, habitada por comunidades wichís. Allí, se implementó un programa que atendía en territorio aspectos primarios de la salud, pero este programa perdió rápidamente apoyo estatal. A partir de analizar dicha experiencia, focalizada sobre todo en niños y madres niñas, este trabajo arroja algunos resultados y conclusiones: elevada mortalidad infantil por desnutrición; ausencia de atención primaria de la salud en territorio; desconocimiento y desinterés profundo del gobierno por recuperar las epistemes de dichas comunidades y elaborar un sistema sanitario intercultural y, más grave aún, las comunidades wichís son víctimas de una pobreza extrema a causa de acciones y omisiones de un Estado que históricamente las ignora y subestima.

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Rong, Jia, Michael Bunce, Adrian Wayne, Carlo Pacioni, Una Ryan, and Peter Irwin. "A high prevalence of Theileria penicillata in woylies (Bettongia penicillata)." Experimental Parasitology 131, no. 2 (June 2012): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2012.03.013.

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Reed, James. "Birth Control in Germany, 1871-1933. James Woycke." Isis 80, no. 4 (December 1989): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/355225.

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MURPHY, MARIE T., MARK J. GARKAKLIS, and GILES E. St J. HARDY. "Seed caching by woylies Bettongia penicillata can increase sandalwood Santalum spicatum regeneration in Western Australia." Austral Ecology 30, no. 7 (November 2005): 747–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2005.01515.x.

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Northover, Amy S., Stephanie S. Godfrey, Alan J. Lymbery, Keith Morris, Adrian F. Wayne, and R. C. Andrew Thompson. "Evaluating the Effects of Ivermectin Treatment on Communities of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Translocated Woylies (Bettongia penicillata)." EcoHealth 14, S1 (December 30, 2015): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-015-1088-2.

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Hing, Stephanie, Amy S. Northover, Edward J. Narayan, Adrian F. Wayne, Krista L. Jones, Sarah Keatley, R. C. Andrew Thompson, and Stephanie S. Godfrey. "Evaluating Stress Physiology and Parasite Infection Parameters in the Translocation of Critically Endangered Woylies (Bettongia penicillata)." EcoHealth 14, S1 (February 17, 2017): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-017-1214-4.

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Wilde, Jerzy. "Professor Jerzy Woyke Honorary Life Member Of IBRA." Bee World 89, no. 1 (January 2012): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0005772x.2012.11417450.

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Hetherington, Cheryl A., David Algar, Harriet Mills, and Roberta Bencini. "Increasing the target-specificity of ERADICAT® for feral cat (Felis catus) control by encapsulating a toxicant." Wildlife Research 34, no. 6 (2007): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06140.

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ERADICAT®, a sausage-type meat bait, has been developed for use in managing feral cat (Felis catus) populations throughout Western Australia. However, concern about potential exposure of non-target species to bait-delivered toxicants has led to the development of a technique to more specifically target feral cats using a pellet. Research into the consumption, by cats and native animals, of toxic pellets implanted within the ERADICAT® bait has been simulated using ball bearings as a substitute pellet. Results from our work indicate that encapsulating the toxicant may pose less risk of poisoning to chuditch (Dasyurus geoffroii), woylies (Bettongia pencillata) and southern brown bandicoots (Isoodon obesulus) as they consumed significantly fewer ball bearings (P = 0.003, <0.001, <0.001) than semi-feral cats (P = 0.07). Theoretically, a toxic pellet will not reduce the effectiveness of the ERADICAT® bait as there was no significant difference between consumption of baits and the consumption of ball bearings in feral cats (P = 0.07). Therefore, baits containing a toxic pellet have the potential to be a more selective method to control feral cats.

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Woyke, Jerzy, and Robert Brodschneider. "Jerzy Woyke – More than a Honey Bee Sex Educator." Bee World 98, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0005772x.2021.1879434.

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Irma Juraida, Yeni Sri Lestari, and Rahmah Husna Yana. "Modal Sosial dalam Mitigasi Bencana Banjir (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Aceh Barat)." Talenta Conference Series: Local Wisdom, Social, and Arts (LWSA) 2, no. 1 (November 20, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/lwsa.v2i1.601.

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AbstractFlood disasters often occur in the area of West Aceh Regency (Johan Pahlawan, Samatiga and West Woyla). Several flood mitigation efforts have been carried out in this region. However, often only socialization and handling of a social nature, such as providing food assistance, medicines and relocating residents. however, these efforts have not been able to help the community as a whole from the flood disaster. This study identifies the various roles of social capital (habitus, capital and the realm) that exist in local communities in responding to the flood disaster in Aceh Barat District. This study uses a qualitative approach using interview, observation and documentation data collection methods in the three sub-districts most frequently affected by floods in Aceh Barat District. The three districts are Johan Pahlawan, Samatiga and West Woyla. The theoretical study used in this study is social capital from Pierre Bourdieu, where the role and awareness of the community in flood disaster mitigation are assumed to be a dialectical process (habitus, capital and domain) and through time travel (historical processes and habits) which are also influenced by the environment the social (realm) that shapes it. The results showed that, there was a strengthening of social capital in the community in three districts in disaster mitigation, which was formed through a dialectical process (habitus, capital and the realm), although with different characteristics. Social awareness of flood disaster mitigation through time travel (historical processes and habits) and influenced by the social (realm) environment that shapes social resilience. Bencana banjir seringkali terjadi di wilayah Kabupaten Aceh Barat (Johan Pahlawan, Samatiga dan Woyla Barat). Beberapa usaha mitigasi bencana banjir telah dilakukan di wilayah ini. Akan tetapi seringkali hanya bersifat sosialisasi dan penanganan yang bersifat sosial, seperti memberi bantuan makanan, obat-obatan serta merelokasi penduduk. namun berbagai upaya ini belum mampu membantu masyarakat secara utuh dari musibah banjir. Studi ini mengidentifikasi berbagai peran dari modal sosial (habitus, modal dan ranah) yang ada di dalam masyarakat setempat dalam merespon bencana banjir di Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode pengumpulan data wawancara, pengamatan, dan dokumentasi di tiga kecamatan yang paling sering terkena musibah banjir di Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Ketiga kecamatan tersebut adalah Johan Pahlawan, Samatiga dan Woyla Barat. Kajian teoritis yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah modal sosial dari Pierre Bourdieu, dimana peran dan kesadaran masyarakat dalam mitigasi bencana banjir diasumsikan sebagai sebuah proses dialektika (habitus, modal dan ranah) dan melalui perjalanan waktu (proses sejarah dan kebiasaan) yang juga dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan (ranah) sosial yang membentuknya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, terjadi penguatan modal sosial pada masyarakat di tiga kecamatan dalam mitigasi bencana, yang terbentuk melalui proses dialetika (habitus, modal dan ranah) meskipun dengan karakteristik yang berbeda. Kesadaran sosial terhadap mitigasi bencana banjir melalui perjalan waktu (proses sejarah dan kebiasaan) serta dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan (ranah) sosial yang membentuk ketahanan sosial.

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Guèye. "Woyyi Céet: Senegalese Women's Oral Discourses on Marriage and Womanhood." Research in African Literatures 41, no. 4 (2010): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ral.2010.41.4.65.

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Sutcliffe, Iain C., and William B. Whitman. "The van Niel International Prize for Studies in Bacterial Systematics, awarded in 2020 to Tanja Woyke." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 5594–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004466.

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The Senate of The University of Queensland, on the recommendation of the Executive Board of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes, is pleased to present the van Niel International Prize for Studies in Bacterial Systematics for the triennium 2017–2020 to Dr Tanja Woyke in recognition of her contributions made to the field of bacterial systematics. The award, established in 1986 by Professor V. B. D. Skerman of The University of Queensland, honours the contribution of scholarship in the field of microbiology by Professor Cornelis Bernardus van Niel.

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Advokaat, Eldert L., Mayke L. M. Bongers, Alfend Rudyawan, Marcelle K. BouDagher-Fadel, Cor G. Langereis, and Douwe J. J. van Hinsbergen. "Early Cretaceous origin of the Woyla Arc (Sumatra, Indonesia) on the Australian plate." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 498 (September 2018): 348–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.001.

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Susandro, Susandro, Rika Wirandi, and Hatmi Negria Taruan. "DRAMATURGI KESENIAN TRADISIONAL DALUPA PRODUKSI SANGGAR SENI DATOK RIMBA DI WOYLA ACEH BARAT." Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa 10, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/gr.v10i1.22730.

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Dalupa art emerged from the creative process of the people of West Aceh which can be stretched into three stages. First, Dalupa was originally a folk tale or folklore that was narrated from generation to generation. Second, the Dalupa then manifests (a person wearing the costume of a Dalupa character) so that it can be witnessed in person. At this stage, the Dalupa character does not manifest itself in the form of theater or dance. Its presence is only intended to entertain or enliven an event, such as weddings, processions, campaigns and so on. Third, the Dalupa character is presented by considering the dramatic element; arrangement of a series of events that tell the beginning of the appearance to the end of the Dalupa story. This study aims to record and describe how the process of creating the Dalupa art, as mentioned in the third stage. The method used is qualitative with the dramaturgy approach. This study shows the results that the art of Dalupa presents a story about the origin of the appearance of Dalupa with the manifestation of organized events. On this basis, it can be concluded that Dalupa art can be categorized as dramatic or theater art.Keywords: dalupa, creation process, dramatic, dramaturgy.AbstrakKesenian Dalupa muncul dari proses kreatif masyarakat Aceh Barat yang dapat direntangkan menjadi tiga tahap. Pertama, Dalupa mulanya merupakan cerita rakyat atau folklor yang dinarasikan secara turun-temurun. Kedua, Dalupa kemudian mewujud (seseorang yang mengenakan kostum tokoh Dalupa) sehingga dapat disaksikan secara langsung. Pada tahap ini, tokoh Dalupa mewujud tidaklah dalam bentuk kesenian teater atau tari. Kehadirannya hanya bertujuan untuk menghibur atau meramaikan suatu acara, seperti pernikahan, arak-arakan, kampanye dan sebagainya. Ketiga, tokoh Dalupa dihadirkan dengan mempertimbangkan unsur dramatika; penataan rangkaian peristiwa yang menceritakan awal kemunculan hingga akhir kisah Dalupa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencatat serta memaparkan bagaimana proses penciptaan kesenian Dalupa, sebagaimana disebut pada tahap ketiga. Metode yang dilaksanakan yaitu kualitatif dengan pendekatan dramaturgi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil bahwa kesenian Dalupa menyajikan cerita tentang asal mula kemunculan Dalupa dengan perwujudan peristiwa-peristiwa yang tertata. Atas dasar tersebut, dapat dismpulkan bahwa kesenian Dalupa dapat dikategorikan sebagai seni dramatik atau teater. Kata Kunci: dalupa, proses penciptaan, dramatika, dramaturgi. Authors: Susandro : Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Aceh Rika Wirandi : Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Aceh Hatmi Negria Taruan : Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Aceh References:Barba, Eugenio. (2010). On Directing and Dramaturgy: Burning the House. New York: Routledge.Harymawan. (1993). Dramaturgi. Bandung: Rosdakarya.Herman, RN. (2016). Dalupa: Teater Tradisional Pantai Barat. Buletin Tuhoe edisi XVII. Banda Aceh: JKMA Aceh.Koster, G.L. (1998). Kacamata Hitam Pak Mahmud Wahid Atau Bagaimanakah Meneliti Puitika Sebuah Sastra Lisan?, dalam Pudentia MPSS (Ed.), Metodologi Kajian Tradisi Lisan. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia dan Yayasan Asosiasi Tradisi Lisan.Moleong, Lexy J. (2005). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, Ed. Revisi cetakan keduapuluhsatu. Bandung: Rosdakarya.Pramayoza, Dede. (2013). Dramaturgi Sandiwara: Potret Teater Populer Dalam Masyarakat Poskolonial. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak.Soedarsono, R.M. (2001). Metodologi Penelitian Seni Pertunjukan dan Seni Rupa. Bandung: MSPI (Masyarakat Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia).SSDR. (2019). “Dramaturgi Kesenian Tradisional Dalupa”. Hasil Dokumentasi Pribadi: _________ 2020, Aceh Barat.Stokes, Jane. (2007). How to do Media and Kultural Studies: Panduan Untuk Melaksanakan Penelitian dalam Kajian Media dan Budaya. Terj. Santi Indra Astuti. Yogyakarta: Bentang.Taruan, H.N. (2020). “Dramaturgi Kesenian Tradisional Dalupa”. Hasil Dokumentasi Pribadi: _________ 2020, Aceh Barat. Wirandi, R. (2020). “Dramaturgi Kesenian Tradisional Dalupa”. Hasil Dokumentasi Pribadi: _________ 2020, Aceh Barat.

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Mattacks, Kate. "‘A Woyage O’ Diskivery’: Thomas J. Williams' The Peep-Show Man (1868) and the Victorian Performative Text." Nineteenth Century Theatre and Film 36, no. 2 (November 2009): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/nctf.36.2.7.

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