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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Wounds'
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1
Honaker, Jeremy Seth. "Predictors of wound healing in lower extremity wounds." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1491492683015683.
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Coutin, Julia Viviana. "Cefazolin Concentration in Surgically Created Wounds Treated with Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Compared to Surgically Created Wounds Treated with Nonadherent Wound Dressings." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49112.
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Our objective was to compare cefazolin concentrations in biopsied tissue samples collected from surgically created wounds treated with negative pressure wound therapy to those collected from surgically created wounds treated with nonadherent dressings. The study design was a prospective, controlled, experimental study. The animal population included 12 female spayed beagles. We hypothesized there would be a difference between the cefazolin concentrations of wounds treated with negative pressure wound therapy when compared to the cefazolin concentrations of wounds treated with nonadherent dressings.
Surgical methods were as follows: Full thickness cutaneous wounds were created on each antebrachium (n=24). Following surgery, cefazolin (22 mg/kg) was administered intravenously to each of the dogs and continued every 8 hours during the study. The right wound was randomly assigned to group I or group II while the wound on the contralateral antebrachium was assigned to the other group. Group I wounds were treated with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and group II wounds were treated with nonadherent dressings for 3 days. Dressings were changed and tissue biopsies obtained from wound beds at 24-hour intervals for both groups. Cefazolin wound tissue and plasma concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Blood samples for measuring plasma cefazolin concentrations were collected prior to biopsy sampling. At the time of surgery and at each bandage change, wound beds were swabbed and submitted for aerobic and anaerobic culture.
Our results revealed that after initiating cefazolin treatment, wound tissue antibiotic concentrations between treatment groups were not significantly different at any sampling time. Similarly, after initiating cefazolin treatment, plasma cefazolin concentrations were not significantly different at any sampling time for individual dogs.
We concluded that using a canine experimental model, NPWT treatment of surgically created wounds does not statistically impact cefazolin tissue concentrations when compared to conventional nonadherent bandage therapyMaster of Science
3
Weber, Sonja A. "Electrical Characterisation of Wounds and Stimulation of Wound Healing." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516428.
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Ou, Jingxing. "Chronic wound state associated with cytoskeletal defects and exacerbated by oxidative stress in Pax6+/- aniridia-related keratopathy." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25200.
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Isotupa, Christine. "PTSD as a social wound, do social wounds require social healing?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ51201.pdf.
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Pu, Tianyun. "A dressing solution for burn wounds: antibacterial and low-adherent wound dressings." Wiley, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/9815.
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Considering the infection and second trauma caused by dressing changes, development of antibacterial and low-adherent wound dressings is urgently needed. Silver ion is a widely used antimicrobial agent, but its cytotoxicity remains a problem. In this study, low-adherent PAM (polyacrylamide) hydrogel incorporated with less toxic AgNP (silver nanoparticle), was immobilized onto PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) substrates by an IPN (interpenetrating polymer network) method. The modified PET is effectively antibacterial and the surface is significantly less adherent than untreated PET. However, silver-resistant bacteria become a potential problem. Thus, ionic 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH) analogues containing either a quaternary ammonium moiety or a phosphonate functional group were designed and synthesized. The DMH analogues were converted to antibacterial N-chloramine counterparts through chlorination to serve as potential alternatives to AgNP. The N-chloramine with a structural cation exhibited distinctly enhanced antibacterial functions both in solution and after immobilization on fabrics.
7
Dale, Paul David. "Time heals all wounds? : mathematical models of epithelial and dermal wound healing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:aaa4717f-a115-4a34-bb03-d64ce81841d9.
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The mechanisms responsible for the healing of corneal surface wounds are the subject of biological controversy. In particular, the role and source of the regulatory chemical epidermal growth factor (EGF) is an area of intense debate. In the first part of this thesis, we propose a reaction-diffusion model which focuses on the stimulus for increased mitotic and migratory activity due to secretion of EGF. A detailed numerical study of various possible models, with parameter values based on biological data, reveals that, for realistic healing times, EGF must be released by the underlying layers of the cornea, in addition to the tear film source. The model exhibits travelling wave solutions and further analysis elucidates the interaction and role of the parameters in determining the speed of healing. Furthermore, we consider the effect of topical application of EGF and investigate the effect of curvature of the eye. We show that our model is consistent with many of the key features of corneal wound healing. Adult dermal wounds, in contrast to foetal wounds, heal with the formation of scar tissue. A crucial factor in determining the nature of the healed tissue is the ratio of collagen 1 to collagen 3, which indicates the fibril diameter. We develop a reaction-diffusion model which focuses on the stimulus for collagen synthesis due to the secretion of the different isoforms of the regulatory chemical transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). Numerical simulations of the model without diffusion lead to a value of this ratio consistent with that of healthy tissue for the foetus but corresponding to scarring in the adult. The model equations evolve to waves moving into the wound, but addition of TGFβ only has a transient effect on the final collagen levels. We investigate this effect by developing a caricature model. The model indicates that the main source of the fibroblasts is the underlying subcutaneous tissue and we determine key parameters which explain the difference between adult and foetal wound healing. Furthermore we make clinically testable predictions on the effects that topical application of various chemicals will have on scar formation.
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Molnar, Joseph Andrew, Mary Jane Underdown, and W. Andrew Clark. "Nutrition and Chronic Wounds." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2496.
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Significance: Nutrition is one of the most basic of medical issues and is often ignored as a problem in the management of our chronic wound patients. Unfortunately, malnutrition is widespread in our geriatric patients even in nursing homes in developed countries. Attention to basic nutrition and providing appropriate supplements may assist in the healing of our chronic wounds.
Recent Advances: Recent research has revealed the epidemiology of malnutrition in developed countries, the similarities to malnutrition in developing countries, and some of the physiologic and sociologic causes for this problem. More information is now available on the biochemical effects of nutrient deficiency and supplementation with macronutrients and micronutrients. In some cases, administration of isolated nutrients beyond recommended amounts for healthy individuals may have a pharmacologic effect to help wounds heal.
Critical Issues: Much of the knowledge of the nutritional support of chronic wounds is based on information that has been obtained from trauma management. Due to the demographic differences of the patients and differences in the physiology of acute and chronic wounds, it is not logical to assume that all aspects of nutritional support are identical in these patient groups. Before providing specific nutritional supplements, appropriate assessments of patient general nutritional status and the reasons for malnutrition must be obtained or specific nutrient supplementation will not be utilized.
Future Directions: Future research must concentrate on the biochemical and physiologic differences of the acute and chronic wounds and the interaction with specific supplements, such as antioxidants, vitamin A, and vitamin D.
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Karlsson, Lena, and Susanne Asteberg. "Undertrycksbehandling hos diabetiker med fotsår." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-37785.
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Introduktion: Sjuksköterskor idag står inför en växande patientgrupp med diabetes, som har svårläkta fotsår. Patienterna finns i alla vårdformer som primärvård, specialistvård och kommunal hälso- och sjukvård. För att patienten ska kunna upprätthålla en god livskvalitet och ett bra socialt liv krävs det en säker och snabb sårläkning. Syfte: Arbetets syfte var att beskriva vad som påverkar sårläkning hos patienter med diabetes och svårläkt fotsår, vid undertrycksbehandling. Metod: Denna litteraturstudie har utgått ifrån Polit och Becks (2012) niostegsmodell. Sökningarna har gjorts i CINAHL och PubMed. Kvalitetsgranskning gjordes som resulterade i tio kvantitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarnas resultatdel analyserades och grupperades utifrån syftet och efter gemensamma områden. Resultat: Resultatet i litteraturstudien delades in i två kategorier: sårstatus och behandlingstid. I resultatet framkom att undertrycksbehandling sågs som mer effektiv behandlingsmetod än konventionell fuktighetsbevarande sårbehandling. Volym och sårdjup minskade mer effektivt vid undertrycksbehandling än med konventionell fuktig sårbehandling. Slutsats: Litteraturstudien visar att undertrycksbehandling kan bidra till snabbare sårläkning hos diabetiker med svårläkt fotsår. Alla studier valde mätvärden som storlek, djup och typ av vävnad för att beskriva sårstatus. Behandlingstiden varierade i studierna. Det visade sig även att det vetenskapliga underlaget var begränsat.
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Echefu, Nkechinyere Charity. "Improving Wound Healing with Just-in-Time Dietary Education for Patients with Chronic Wounds." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13866079.
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Purpose: The purpose of this project was to educate wound care patients from a rural wound care clinic about the importance of diet in healing chronic wounds. The aim of this Doctor of Nursing Practice project was to increase the patients’ knowledge of nutrition and its role in wound healing.
Background: Wounds become chronic if after three months the wounds fail to undergo appropriate systematic repair to produce purposeful reparations of the body tissues. Chronic wound patients constitute about 15% of the United States Medicare patients. Chronic wound conditions affect the quality of life of patients and take about $20 billion yearly from the national economy. The healing of wounds is the response of the natural body to an injury to restore the structure and function of the human body. The three primary essentials of wound healing are pressure relief and nursing care; dressings; and nutrition. Nutrition is essential in wound healing with macronutrients and micronutrients playing important roles in wound healing. The role of protein in the provision of the necessary components for tissue growth, cell repair and renewal make protein an essential component in all phases of wound healing.
As hospitals and healthcare professionals are considered the primary source of patient education for chronic wound management, it becomes necessary for hospitals to re-evaluate their patient education with emphasis on education delivery methods. In this project, the shift in emphasis was facilitated by the available information that identified Just-in-Time education method as an effective and efficient patient information delivery model. Adopting a Just-in-Time education model will promote the delivery of wound healing information to patients and also emphasize the importance of nutrition to wound healing. The project sought to determine whether using the Just-In-Time Teaching would help increase patient’s understanding of the importance of nutrition to chronic wound healing. The project used pretests and posttests to collect data from 13 chronic patients with chronic wounds in a rural hospital wound care center. The educational intervention was presented in PowerPoint. Results of the analysis show that the patients’ knowledge of the importance of nutrition to wound healing increased following the educational intervention.
Method: Patients 30- to 75-years old who have had a chronic wound for more than three months were invited to participate. The Model for Improvement guided this project in delivering the education and evaluating improvement in the nutrition knowledge of the participants using a pretest, educational presentation, and post-test design. The evidence-based educational intervention was created by the student in collaboration with providers at the site.
Outcomes Achieved: Data collection was conducted in one week and analyzed with Qualtrics. The analysis showed that there was an increase in the patients' knowledge of the role of nutrition in chronic wound healing as shown in the attached graph and tables.
Conclusion: The week-long implementation was successful in increasing nutritional knowledge among the participants. The result of this project provided some significant new information about the importance of education to patients with chronic wounds.
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Alais, Georgina. "Silent wounds of the family." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07092008-124300.
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Cairns, Scott. "Biofilms : biomaterials and chronic wounds." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/50559/.
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Healthcare associated infections (HCAIs) are a large and growing problem. Bacterial infections of patients and on the medical devices used to treat them represent a significant source of morbidity and mortality. There is also a significant economical impact to the healthcare system attributed to HCAIs. While bacterial infections per se are not a novel problem, the discovery of an adherent polymicrobial phenotype called a biofilm is. A biofilm is defined by its structure and the community of bacteria therein. This study investigated bacteria biofilms in a number of pertinent clinical scenarios. To achieve this, samples were taken from five different but related clinical areas where biofilms are known to infect or are suspected to, namely endotracheal tubes, tracheostomy tubes, burn wounds, chronic wounds and chronic wound dressings. Samples were analysed using microbiological and molecular analysis techniques, the latter included polymerase chain reactions, species-specific PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to assess microbial diversity. Fluorescent in-situ hybridization was used subsequently to analyse species orientation and biofilm structure within the biofilm. This study showed a diverse bacterial population in all the samples, with the presence of oral biota in the ETT specimens, changing to commensal bacteria over time. Large threedimensional biofilm structures were present in the specimens confirming the presence of biofilms, and within one of the chronic wound dressings where a complex biofilm was visible within the matrix of the dressing itself. These findings have considerable significance clinically, not only in demonstrating the need for biofilm targeted diagnostic techniques, but also in highlighting the need for specific biofilm treatment modalities in critical care, burn services and chronic wound management.
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O'Callaghan, P. T. "The biomechanics of stab wounds." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411710.
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Sforzi, Federico. "Wēijī : When Wounds Become Opportunities." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-223641.
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Amatrice is the subject of the project. The small Italian village located in the Apennines, 150 km north from Rome, lived the 24th August 2016 one of the most terrible moment in its entire history: a dreadful earthquake of magnitude 6.0 M hit the town destroying the entire historical centre and leaving 300 of its 2600 inhabitants under the rubble of the collapsed buildings. The following months have seen an attempt to face the emergency by providing the first aid and services to the wounded population, but major questions are still unanswered: what is the future of Amatrice and its inhabitants? What will remain of the city after the tremendous catastrophe? What will be changed? The project tries to give an answer to these questions reflecting upon the role of architecture in situation of catastrophic events. What can architecture do after a catastrophe?Which is its role in the process of reconstruction?How to rebuild a city completely wiped out by the catastrophe? What to keep? What to give back? What to add? What to erase?
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Coetzee, Francois. "A survey of wound care knowledge in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97230.
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Abstract
Chronic wounds afflict millions worldwide, incurring significant health care costs and chronic suffering. Clinicians are often unsure about treatment, resulting in poor outcomes. Objective
To determine the scope of knowledge possessed by fifth year medical students, general practitioners (GP’s) and surgical registrars, concerning chronic wound management.
Design
Cross sectional study
Methods
Deans of eight South African medical schools received letters requesting information regarding time devoted to wound-care training. Knowledge-based questionnaires were distributed to final-year students at two universities, surgical registrars at three universities and general practitioners attending refresher courses.
Result.
Four medical schools replied, of whom only two offered formal teaching. 162 medical students, 45 GP’s and 47 surgical registrars completed questionnaires. The overall median (25th–75th percentiles) knowledge scores for registrars, GP’s and students were 65%;(55%–70%), 55%;(45%–65%) and 45%;(35%–50%) respectively. Whereas the scores of registrars and GP’s did not differ, the student scores were significantly less. Only 32% of registrars and 18% of GP’s attained scores of 70% or more. 96% considered training to be inadequate. Interest in wound-care was only mild to moderate, with more GP’s than registrars requesting literature.
Conclusions
Very little, if any training on chronic wounds is offered in South Africa. The levels of knowledge cannot be considered adequate for successful treatment, nor for teaching to undergraduates. This preliminary study cannot reflect the attitudes and knowledge throughout the country; however it is clear that there is a need for improved education about these conditions that have huge clinical and economic consequences.
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Bowling, Frank, Daryl Stickings, Valerie Edwards-Jones, David Armstrong, and Andrew Boulton. "Hydrodebridement of wounds: effectiveness in reducing wound bacterial contamination and potential for air bacterial contamination." BioMed Central, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610180.
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BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to assess the level of air contamination with bacteria after surgical hydrodebridement and to determine the effectiveness of hydro surgery on bacterial reduction of a simulated infected wound.METHODS:Four porcine samples were scored then infected with a broth culture containing a variety of organisms and incubated at 37degreesC for 24 hours. The infected samples were then debrided with the hydro surgery tool (Versajet, Smith and Nephew, Largo, Florida, USA). Samples were taken for microbiology, histology and scanning electron microscopy pre-infection, post infection and post debridement. Air bacterial contamination was evaluated before, during and after debridement by using active and passive methodsfor active sampling the SAS-Super 90 air sampler was used, for passive sampling settle plates were located at set distances around the clinic room.RESULTS:There was no statistically significant reduction in bacterial contamination of the porcine samples post hydrodebridement. Analysis of the passive sampling showed a significant (p < 0.001) increase in microbial counts post hydrodebridement. Levels ranging from 950 colony forming units per meter cubed (CFUs/m3) to 16780 CFUs/m3 were observed with active sampling of the air whilst using hydro surgery equipment compared with a basal count of 582 CFUs/m3. During removal of the wound dressing, a significant increase was observed relative to basal counts (p < 0.05). Microbial load of the air samples was still significantly raised 1 hour post-therapy.CONCLUSION:The results suggest a significant increase in bacterial air contamination both by active sampling and passive sampling. We believe that action might be taken to mitigate fallout in the settings in which this technique is used.
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Adams, Titus Sam Turner. "Topical negative pressure therapy in wound healing : a research tool to study neutrophil-mediated wound pathophysiology in acute dermal wounds." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/02226e50-d53c-40e4-a38a-cede0dc8161f.
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Topical Negative Pressure therapy is in widespread use in the management of acute and chronic cutaneous wounds. The mechanisms of action are not fully understood, but are likely to be multifactorial. Experience of this therapy is based on a number of clinical series, case reports and some animal studies. There is a lack of direct evidence to determine its mechanisms of action and to support its clinical efficacy in human wound healing. This problem stems partly from difficulties in applying selective negative pressure to open exudative wounds. A new approach was required in applying this technology to wound surfaces in consenting patients. This thesis describes the design and validation of 'standard' and 'irrigation' devices that were used to apply Topical Negative Pressure to one part of a wound thus allowing intra-patient control. As a novel research tool, the irrigation device provided an opportunity to collect wound fluid from the surface of the wound for biochemical analysis. Paired wound biopsies of Topical Negative Pressure treated and control wounds were obtained. This thesis has demonstrated that Topical Negative Pressure (with intermittent suction) modulated the acute donor site wound and partial thickness burn wound during the first 48 hours of injury, by altering the distribution of inflammatory neutrophils in the dermis. Using a cycle of periods of suction-on and suction-off, Topical Negative Pressure increased the removal of Neutrophil Elastase from the wound during suction, in addition to its endogenous plasma-derived inhibitor, a1-Protease Inhibitor. Using this new device on human wounds has provided a means of understanding mechanisms in Topical Negative Pressure therapy, and has demonstrated its use as a research tool in the collection and analysis of wound fluid
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Ridgway, Paul French. "Tumours : wounds that do not heal." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404832.
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Oates, Angela. "The microbial ecology of chronic wounds." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-microbial-ecology-of-chronic-wounds(54e6dce0-cffa-4f03-9701-7bc1ea907af9).html.
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Within the five experimental chapters of this doctoral thesis (i) the eubacterial diversity of the microbiota of chronic wounds and healthy skin was investigated, (ii) biofilm formation and associated coaggregation interactions of wound and skin-associated bacterial isolates was examined, (iii) formulation of media which reproduced some aspects of the nutritional conditions of wounds and healthy skin were developed, (iv) novel wound biofilm models were developed and validated and (v) microbial population interactions associated with healthy skin and chronic wounds were investigated using a novel model system. (i) The microbial diversity of chronic wounds and contralateral skin swabs was investigated using culture, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and microscopy. Intrapersonal analysis identified that non-infected wounds had a proportionally higher incidence of bacteria which were identified on contralateral healthy skin according to DGGE analysis when compared to infected wounds indicating that taxonomically distinct consortia are associated with infection. Microcolonies and putative biofilms structures were identified in both culture-defined infected and non-infected wounds indicating that the presence of biofilms may not be linked to infection. (ii) By assessing pair-wise combinations of skin and wound-associated bacteria, the role of coaggregation in the formation of wound polymicrobial communities was assessed using a quantitative spectrophotometric assay. Aggregation interactions were weak or not detectable, apart from those associated with Corynebacterium xerosis. This bacterium produced a high autoaggregation score (c. 50%). The limited coaggregation interactions suggest that coaggregation may be comparatively unimportant in the development of wound biofilms. (iii) In order to facilitate the development of biofilm models specific to chronic wounds, the formulation of representative growth media is important in order to reproduce the in situ nutrient environment. Therefore complex, artificial sweat and serum media broadly reflective of the nutrient availability in wounds and healthy skin were developed and validated based upon their ability to support realistic phenotypes (assessed by proteomics) and the growth of a range bacterial isolates. Developed media maintained the sessile growth the test bacteria and produced broadly similar proteomic profiles to foetal calf serum. (iv) Two novel model systems were developed to study cross-sectional population interactions and to investigate longitudinal population development of wound consortia and biofilm formation. A fine celled foam (FCF) multi-well wound model and a multiple membrane FCF model maintained dynamic steady state of axenic and mixed populations of bacteria associated with chronic wounds and supported the development of biofilms. (v) The FCF multi-well wound model was used to investigate population interactions in environments broadly reflective of healthy skin and wounds. When grown in artificial sweat prior colonisation with Staphylococcus saprophyticus resulted in a significant reductions in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (99%) and P. aeruginosa (75%) whilst prior colonisation by C. xerosis resulted in a significant reduction in P. aeruginosa (91%) only. However no significant reductions in pathogenic bacteria were noted in artificial serum indicating colonisation resistance could be simulated in the model and the outcome of immigration was markedly influenced by the species of established bacterium and nutrient availability.
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Thompson, Darren. "3D image analysis of foot wounds." Thesis, Ulster University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.646858.
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Foot wounds are a debilitating and potentially fatal consequence of diabetes. Assessment of foot wounds in clinical or research settings is often based on subjective human judgement which does not involve quantitative measurement. When measurement is conducted, it takes the form of ruler-based estimations of length and width to approximate perimeter or area. To monitor wound healing and make informed treatment decisions, clinicians require accurate and appropriate measurements of wound parameters. Effective wound assessment requires imaging and software techniques which enable objective identification of wound tissues and three-dimensional measurements of wound size. Pilot classification studies were carried out using a selection of six stock wound images. Ground truth was provided by a specialist practitioner in podiatry. Three supervised classifiers were compared. Maximum likelihood was found to be the most suitable for wound classification. Performance of the supervised Maximum likelihood (MLC), unsupervised Expectation Maximisation (EM) algorithm and a hybrid MLC-EM method were compared. No method was found to perform significantly better than others. Context classification was implemented via probabilistic relaxation labelling. It was found that classification accuracy was typically improved by 0.5 - 1.5 %. A method of including depth information in the classification process was proposed and evaluated. Simulated 3D wound volumes were imaged and combined with simulated tissue colours sampled from real images. Classification using depth improved accuracy at low weightings when included in the Maximum likelihood classifier. To facilitate the further development and evaluation of novel wound assessment algorithms, a set of clinical foot wound data was imaged using 3D stereophotogrammetry. A group of clinicians assessed the data to identify the tissues contained within each wound image. The level of agreement between them was evaluated. Supervised, unsupervised and hybrid classification algorithms were also used to classify the data and the results were evaluated by comparison to the group of clinicians. Novel methods of measuring the volume and surface area of wounds were developed and validated using simulated models before being applied to wound data. The results of tissue classification were plotted against the results of volume measurement in order to observe any trends in the healing process. Supervised Maximum Likelihood classification was found to produce results which agreed with clinicians to approximately the same level as they agreed with each other, indicating that automated classification may have a future role in wound research and clinical diagnosis. The supervised method resulted in agreement with clinicians of 75.5%, which was significantly higher than agreement for unsupervised or hybrid methods, at 65.9% and 64.6% respectively. The inclusion of tissue depth in the classification progress produced some positive results. The surface area and volume measurement methods were found to be accurate for all but the smallest of wound sizes and capable of tracking changes in real wounds.
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Okhiria, Olusola Adeola. "The role of biofilm in wounds." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/943.
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Biofilms have long been implicated in persistent infections and have recently been associated with chronic wounds. The role of bacteria in wounds is not yet fully understood and their ability to form biofilm is yet to be fully elucidated. Biofilms are associated with phenotypic features such as the signalling molecules for regulation of activities within biofilm and secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The presence of biofilm may be confirmed by specialised microscopy techniques or by detecting biofilm markers. Routine methods are not yet available for detecting biofilms in wounds. The aims of this project were to investigate the role of biofilm in wounds, by examining the ability of wound isolates to form biofilm and produce signalling molecules and by developing a wound model; to relate laboratory findings with in vivo activity by exploring the possibility of detecting biofilm markers in dressings removed from chronic wounds. Biofilm characteristics of 97 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from wounds were investigated. Their antibiotic susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics was determined. The isolates were examined for ability to form biofilm and to produce acyl- homoserine lactone (AHL) signalling molecules in batch culture and were characterised using PCR. A wound model was developed for biofilm continuous culture using gauze as the substratum for biofilm attachment and culture effluent was examined for AHL production and detached fragments of biofilm. Gauze removed from the culture at 30 hours was examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thirty five dressings removed from chronic wounds were investigated for the presence of biofilm markers including AHL and EPS. Organisms from the wound dressings were isolated and examined for biofilm formation, AHL and EPS. Thirty hour biofilm of P. aeruginosa wound isolate was exposed to 40 % (w/v) honey in wound model continuous culture. The potential of some honeys to inhibit the growth and quorum sensing (QS) of a biofilm forming organism, Chromobacterium violaceum was investigated. Over 90% of the 97 cultures of P. aeruginosa were resistant to 3 antibiotics while resistance to 4 others ranged between 3 – 19%. Eighty eight of the isolates (90.72%) formed biofilm while 78 (81.4%) produced AHL. PCR characterisation of the isolates showed that 82 (84.53%) have 100% genetic similarity linkage to the cohort, 3 (3.09%) have 75 - 99% while 12 (12.37%) are of 50 - 75% linkage. Examination of stained culture effluent smear from wound model revealed biofilm embedded in EPS and AHL was detected in sterilised culture effluent. SEM examination of gauze removed from wound model after 30 hours culture confirmed biofilm structures. Eleven (31.4%) wound dressings tested positive for AHL, 28 (80%) contained EPS (4 not tested for EPS). Organisms that formed biofilm were isolated from 32 (91.4%) dressings while Gram negative bacteria that produced AHL were isolated from 13 dressings. Two selected Gram negative bacteria from wound dressing that were cultured in wound model showed progressive biofilm formation with EPS and AHL production. The 30 hr biofilm exposed to honey was dislodged within 6 hours and no viable organism was recovered from culture. Honey inhibited the growth and QS of C. violaceum in a dose dependent manner. Of the 10 honeys examined, 8 (80%) inhibited the growth and quorum sensing of C. violaceum, 1 slightly inhibited quorum sensing while 1 showed no inhibitory effect. Indicators of biofilms detected in used wound dressings have the potential to be used in the diagnosis of biofilms in chronic wounds. The antimicrobial effect of honey on biofilm and quorum sensing as shown in this study suggests that application of honey in wound management will provide effective treatment for wounds with biofilm.
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Butterworth, Rosalind J. "The histology of human granulating wounds." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34293.
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1. The prime aim of this study was to investigate the structure and cellularity of human granulation tissue, by the taking of punch biopsies from clinical wounds, a method not previously reported in wound research. It was intended both to further the understanding of wound biology, and to provide baseline information for clinical trials of therapeutic agents, such as dressing materials and growth factors. 2. To evaluate the validity of the universally used animal models of wound healing, and the extent to which data from them can be extrapolated to the human wound. 3. To relate histological criteria to the progress of wound healing as observed clinically, in both normally healing and unhealthy wounds. This might allow diagnosis of difficult healing problems to be made by biopsy, and also has relevance to wound biology in providing circumstantial evidence of cell function. 4. To compare conventional and immunocytochemical staining techniques in identification of cell types in human granulation tissue. 5. As a particular area of interest, to clarify the role of the myofibroblast in wound contraction by identification of a suitable marker for this cell in human granulation tissue, and by examining the temporal relationship between myofibroblast presence and wound contraction.
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Casas, Guido Eda Leslie Mónica. "3D reconstruction of chronic wounds using a hand-held camcorder and its application in cutaneous leishmaniasis wounds." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/8135.
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Chronic wounds are a major healthcare problem worldwide which mainly a ects geriatric
population and patients with limited mobility. In tropical countries, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
(CL) is also a cause for chronic wounds, being endemic in 75% of Peru . In this context,
the assessment of these type of wounds represents a big challenge due to the limited access
to specialized medical resources.
This work aims to develop a video-based method to compute the 3D point cloud of skin
wounds which could provide accurate metrics for medical assessment despite of the location
of the patient. Recently, CL specialists have used metrics as volume in clinical assessment
with promising results.
The acquisition protocol is prompt to be user friendly and feasible in remote locations;
the video is taken using a commercial hand-held video camera without a rig or special
illumination. The algorithm follows the Structure from Motion methodology: FAST feature
detector, pyramidal optical flow and Jacob’s method for missing points estimation.
The results show good performance in terms of accuracy and repeatability of the point
cloud computation, less than 0.6 mm and 0.21 mm respectively. However, experiments
suggest that the volume computation technique does not adapt well to the proposed method
output and requires a deeper analysis.
The method has been entirely implemented using open source libraries.Tesis
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Robertson, James Gray. "Insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in wounds /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr6509.pdf.
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Doshi, Anuja. "Topical Phenytoin Effects on Palatal Wound Healing." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1563487879484746.
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Peterson, Joanne Lykins. "The effects of replicative senescence and telomerase on contraction and motility of fibroblasts /." Read thesis online, 2009. http://library.uco.edu/UCOthesis/PetersonJL2009.pdf.
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Köhler, Julia [Verfasser], and Achim [Akademischer Betreuer] Göpferich. "Hydrogel Wound Dressings for the Bioactive Treatment of Acute and Chronic Wounds / Julia Köhler ; Betreuer: Achim Göpferich." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1162339551/34.
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Bagley, Angus H. "Proteomic and bioinformatic investigation of chronic wounds using non-invasive sampling to assess wound status and pathology." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/235131/1/Angus_Bagley_Thesis.pdf.
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This project explored the biochemistry of non-healing wounds, with aims of expanding the current knowledge on their associated protein profiles. Changes in the abundance levels of proteins within wound fluids were examined in relation to best-practice treatments, including compression therapy, and wound condition, including infection status and disease burden. A complex statistical methodology was developed to analyse wound proteomic mass spectrometry data. This approach identified a suite of significant and clinically relevant protein targets. These findings may benefit wounds research and clinical practice, as they offer insight into the biochemical impact of best-practice care and the effect on wound healing.
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Foster, Michele. "A window of opportunity : referral from acute care to rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16181.pdf.
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Faber, Alyda. "Wounds : theories of violence in theological discourse." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36922.
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My dissertation presents a survey of theories of violence in contemporary theological discourse. I consider four positions that represent a range of current trends within theology: Girardian anthropology, the radical orthodoxy movement, liberation theology, and feminist theology.Rene Girard creates a scientific model of violence as a universal scapegoating mechanism at the origin of all human culture, which he posits as knowledge gained through the revelation of Jesus Christ. A key figure in the radical orthodoxy school, John Milbank, recovers Augustine's theology of history as a narrative of the ontological priority of peace in an attempt to discipline human desire away from its fascination with violence. Latin American theologians argue a similar priority of the peace and justice of the kingdom of God in their rhetoric of revolutionary violence as a defense of a poor majority oppressed by the structural violence of the state. Three feminist theologians, Carter Heyward, Rita Nakashima Brock, and Susan Thistlethwaite, construct an essentialist eros untroubled by violence in order to denounce the abuses of patriarchal sexual violence.
These contemporary theologians structure their discussions of violence as a speculative problem within categorical distinctions of good and evil. Their ordered theological systems exclude real negativity, not only from God as a totality of good, but also from humans. Within these theodicies, violence becomes unrepresentable in terms of damage to bodies.
I analyze the work of Georges Bataille, a philosopher of religion, as a critical counterpoint to these theories of violence. Bataille's practice of a mysticism of violence disturbs theological assumptions of humanness as intrinsically good and extends the notion of the sacred to include abject flesh and its violence.
Bataille's work provides resources for a "poetics of reality," a way for Christian theologians to express negativity---undecidability, ambiguity, disorder, pain, violence, bodily disintegration, death---as part of their religious imagination rather than perceiving it as an external threat to ordered theological systems. A poetics of reality is a practice of attention that lives deeply in human instability and human yearning for God.
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Riddell, Andrew. "Characterisation of bacterial communities within chronic wounds." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/41930/.
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Chronic wounds are a rapidly growing clinical problem across the world, expensive to healthcare systems and severely injurious to the quality of life of those affected. Such wounds have been shown to contain bacteria within biofilms which can be difficult to identify and treat, and are implicated in the lack of healing. The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of the characterisation of these bacterial communities within chronic wounds. This was achieved through the collection of 18 unique chronic wound samples of various phenotypes and 9 acute wound samples. The two bacterial species, Staphylococcus .aureus and Pseudomonas. aeruginosa, most commonly isolated from chronic wounds and known to be prolific biofilm formers and formidable human pathogens were the focus of this study. Both PCR and culture demonstrated the presence of one or both species in all chronic wound samples and the presence of S. aureus in some acute samples. Novel monoclonal antibodies were developed to TNase (of S.aureus) and LPS (of P. aeruginosa) and their ability to detect the bacteria in vitro in a simulated chronic wound environment was evaluated. The action of these monoclonal antibodies were calibrated and evaluated through the use of fluorescent microscopy, and direct and competition ELISA. Following this biofilms of S.aureus and P. aeruginosa both single species and mixed were evaluated utilising Peptide Nucleic Acid Flourescent In Situ Hybridisation, and the Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope to demonstrate the architecture of the biofilms produced and the locations of the bacteria within the biofilm. Microbiologically using both culture and PCR, the widespread presence of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa throughout human chronic wound samples was demonstrated. The ELISA and fluorescent microscopy illustrated the feasibility of MABs as a rapid and accurate detection system for identifying bacteria within chronic wounds. The PNA FISH accurately identified individual species in mixed biofilms through multiplex staining. It also visually demonstrated the tissue invasion of S. aureus, adhesive properties of P. aeruginosa and the synergy of these virulence factors in mixed biofilms. This study has met its aims in that it has provided further evidence of techniques which could be successfully applied to rapidly identify bacteria within a chronic wound environment, and to characterise the structure and composition of bacterial biofilms formed within these wounds. It provides a basis for the development of future clinically relevant rapid bacterial detection systems, and for the academic study of bacteria within the biofilm phenotype.
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Clark, Rachael Louise. "Diagnostic markers of infection, in chronic wounds." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2007. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55725/.
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A complication associated with wound healing is wound infection. The diagnosis of infection in chronic wounds can be a difficult clinical decision. Signs and symptoms used to diagnose infection can often be masked by factors relating to the host, chronic inflammation and the tissue damage, associated with chronic wounds. This Study aimed to determine whether there is a measurable biochemical host response that could serve as potential biomarkers of chronic wound infection, providing an alternative diagnostic tool to aid the Clinician. An in vitro model further investigated the expression of markers from neutrophils, in response to bacterial supernatant from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus commonly associated with chronic wounds and their infections. Chronic venous leg ulcer and diabetic foot ulcer wound fluids were collected, wound microflora assessed, and a variety of host factors, including serine proteases, matrix metalloproteinase, their inhibitors and cytokines/growth factors, IL-ip, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, 11-12 p40, IL-12p70 and IL-13, angiogenin, IFN-y, TGF-pi, VEGF, TNF-a, TNF-r2, ICAM-1 and IP-10, analysed. No significant differences (p>0.1) in the activities/levels of host factors were observed between non-infected and infected wounds, based on clinical diagnosis. Significant differences (p<0.05) in a variety of these host factors were observed in these ulcer types, upon defining infection by wound microbial bioburden, the number of genera or bacterial species. Of these factors, cytokines were found to distinguish on two of the three defining parameters. Specifically, a number of cytokines were found to be significantly elevated in venous leg ulcer wounds, IL-lp, TNF-a, TNFr2 and ICAM-1, with an additional set of cytokines, IL-2, IL-5, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IFN-y and TGF-P,, significantly decreased within diabetic foot ulcer wounds. in vitro, neutrophils were treated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus 'acellular' supernatants, at mid-log or stationary growth phases, for 4 and 24h. Significant increases (p<0.05) in the levels of proteases and cytokines were observed from neutrophils, treated with both mid-log and stationary phase supernatants, from both species. These increases were both neutrophil donor- and growth phase-dependent. A larger cytokine response was induced from neutrophils stimulated with stationary phase, compared with mid-log phase supernatants. Combined with the increased expression of virulence factors, including bacterial enzymes, this Study suggests that bacterial growth is an important feature of chronic wound infection.
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Leandro, Lynn D. "Topical Morphine Gel for Painful Pressure Wounds." Mount St. Joseph University Dept. of Nursing / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=msjdn1620116519787024.
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Falk, Linus. "Investigation of ECG electrodes for burn wounds." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för elektroteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414185.
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This project aims to investigate a variety of electrodes for ECG (electrocardiogram) measurements and find suitable ones for burn wounded skin in association with the Burn center in Uppsala University Hospital. To this purpose, the electrical properties (in particular, electrical impedance and equivalent circuit) of electrodes and the influence of the skin on the electrical properties are looked into, and various common artefacts in ECG measurements are investigated, such as wandering baseline (caused by perspiration, respiration, patient movement and poor electrode contact), muscle tremor artefact, 50-60 Hz power line interference and measurement noise. Simulation of a burn wound was done by putting Ringer’s acetate between two electrodes gel to gel. Six different electrodes made with either a solid or wet gel for the electrolyte were tested, three of which (Ambu Bluesensor L-00-S/25, Ambu Bluesensor R-00-S/25, Milmedtek T-VO01) have wet gel, and three of which (3M 2670-5, Medtronic Arbo, and Ambu Whitesensor WSP30-00-S/50) have solid gel. The tests showed that the impedance of the electrodes changed as expected and was in almost all cases lowered. An increase in phase shift was also observed with burn wound simulation but could not be proven to relate with increased polarization. The results showed its wet gel and adhesive developed for sweaty/wet skin, Ambu Bluesensor R-00-S/25 is recommended. Suggestions for further investigation would be to see if the interference could be solved by impedance balancing the electrodes or to investigate if there is a greater coupling between the wet burn wounds and the main 230V 50Hz network causing higher currents and voltage drops in the body increasing the risk of common mode to differential mode conversion.
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Van, der Merwe André. "Gunshot wounds to the male external genitalia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2909.
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Includes bibliographical references ( leaves 38-39).This is a retrospective study of male patients that suffered gunshot wounds to the extental genitalia from August 1997 to September 2006. This study also reviews the literature and compares treatment methods locally and internationally.
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Fuentes, John. "A Very Old Mango with Enormous Wounds." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1564145121561127.
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Nanda, Alisha. "Histologic Comparison of Pressure and Autoimmune Wounds." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623509.
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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.The cell make‐up and architecture of a wound is generally not explored before treatment is started. This pilot study will potentially be able to differentiate the histologic makeup of different wound etiologies and therefore start to elucidate a more targeted therapy to treat a wound with the hypothesis that etiology of wound is associated with a set of histologic characteristics. 12 samples of pressure wounds and 13 samples of autoimmune connective tissue wounds were examined and characterized under microscopy. Types of cells, necrosis, granulation, and inflammation, among other characteristics were studied. The autoimmune wounds displayed a statistically significant increase in lymphocytes, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis than in the pressure wounds. There are apparent differences in histology and morphology of wounds of different etiologies, as hypothesized. This suggests the possibility of requiring specific treatments for the varying wound types.
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Bibi, Nurguse. "Elastase responsive hydrogel dressing for chronic wounds." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/elastase-responsive-hydrogel-dressing-for-chronic-wounds(f2a1f950-d38d-4cb2-8b8e-3c1e10ef7910).html.
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Chronic wounds are a major financial and clinical burden causing the deaths of millions per year. Over expression of elastase is well documented as the main culprit that delays the normal wound repair process within chronic wounds. The aim of this thesis is to design a responsive chronic wound dressing based on the hydrogel polymer, PEGA (polyethylene glycol acrylamide) in the form of particles to mop-up excess elastase by exploiting polymer collapse in response to elastase hydrolytic activity within sample fluids mimicking the environment of chronic wounds. PEGA particles were functionalised with enzyme cleavable peptides (ECPs) containing charged residues. Upon cleavage the charge balance changes, causing polymer swelling and consequent elastase entrapment. The pH range of chronic wounds is reported in the range of 5.45 - 8.65. Due to its pI which is around 8.3, within this range elastase exist both in its cationic and anionic forms. To accommodate a hydrogel dressing that could selectively entrap excess elastase both in its cationic and anionic, oppositely charged ECPs were designed. In its cationic form, elastase was found to have a high preference of cleaving ECPs and penetrating into PEGA particles bearing negative charges. In contrast, in its anionic form the opposite effect was observed, wherein elastase preferred to cleave ECPs and penetrate PEGA particles bearing positive charges. The diffusion, accessibility and entrapment of elastase into functionalised PEGA particles was explored using various fluorescence microscopy techniques. Removal of the charged residue by elastase showed a reduction in particle swelling causing the pores of PEGA particles to become restricted. In this manner, cleaved PEGA particles prevented the accessibility of molecules with a molecular weight as low as 20 kDa into the cleaved PEGA particles. Since elastase has a molecular weight of 25.9 kDa the collapsing of the pores within PEGA particles entrapped elastase inside the interior of cleaved PEGA particles. In its cationic form (at pH 7.4) elastase was found to penetrate and become trapped more into both negative and positive PEGA particles compared to neutral particles. The negative particles were shown to trapped cationic elastase within 2 minutes compared to the positive particles. In contrast, the neutral particles failed to retain and encapsulate elastase as the fluorescence inside the neutral particles was found to decrease. Coinciding with these observations, after sample fluids containing elastase were treated with functionalised PEGA particles, the residual elastase activity in sample fluids was reduced more by the charged PEGA particles compared to neutral particles. The cell culture studies demonstrated that the elastase activity observed in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) was also reduced more by the charged particles compared to the neutral particles. However, the positive particles were found to significantly reduced HDF-elastase activity compared to both the negative and neutral PEGA particles. Overall, this thesis exemplifies that on the basis of charge selective cleaving of ECPs coupled to PEGA particles can be exploited to selectively remove excess proteases such as elastase from sample fluids mimicking the environment of chronic wounds.
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Shen, Yue. "Plasminogen : a novel inflammatory regulator that promotes wound healing." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk kemi och biofysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-68755.
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The plasminogen activator (PA) system has been shown to be intimately involved in wound healing. However, the role of this system in the initiation and resolution of inflammation during healing process remained to be determined. The aims of this thesis were to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between the PA system and the inflammatory system during wound healing and to explore the therapeutic potential of plasminogen in various wound-healing models. The role of plasminogen in the inflammatory phase of the healing process of acute and diabetic wounds was studied first. Our data showed that administration of additional plasminogen to wild-type mice accelerates the healing of acute wounds. After injury, both endogenous and exogenous plasminogen are bound to inflammatory cells and are transported to the wound site, which leads to activation of inflammatory cells. In diabetic db/db mice, wound-specific accumulation of plasminogen does not take place and the inflammatory response is impaired. However, when additional plasminogen is injected, plasminogen accumulates in the wound, the inflammatory response is enhanced, the signal transduction cascade is activated and the healing rate is significantly increased. These results indicate that administration of plasminogen may be a novel therapeutic strategy to treat different types of wounds, especially chronic wounds in diabetes. The role of plasminogen at the later stage of wound healing was also studied in plasminogen-deficient mice. Our data showed that even if re-epithelialization is achieved in these mice, a prolonged inflammatory phase with abundant neutrophil accumulation and persistent fibrin deposition is observed at the wound site. These results indicate that plasminogen is also essential for the later phases of wound healing by clearing fibrin and resolving inflammation. The functional role of two physiological PAs during wound healing was further studied in a tympanic membrane (TM) wound-healing model. Our data showed that the healing process was clearly delayed in urokinase-type PA (uPA)-deficient mice but not in tissue-type PA (tPA)-deficient mice. Less pronounced keratinocyte migration, abundant neutrophil accumulation and persistent fibrin deposition were observed in uPA-deficient mice. These results indicate that uPA plays a central role in the generation of plasmin during the healing of TM perforations. Finally the therapeutic potential of plasminogen in the TM wound-healing model was studied. Our data showed that local injection of plasminogen restores the ability to heal TM perforations in plasminogen-deficient mice in a dose-dependent manner. Plasminogen supplementation also potentiates healing of acute TM perforations in wild-type mice, independent of the administration method used. A single local injection of plasminogen in plasminogen-deficient mice can initiate healing of chronic TM perforations resulting in a closed TM with a continuous but rather thick outer keratinocyte layer. Three plasminogen injections lead to a completely healed TM with a thin keratinizing squamous epithelium covering a connective tissue layer that can start to reorganize and further mature to its normal appearance. In conclusion, our results suggest that plasminogen is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of chronic TM perforations in humans. Taken together, our data indicate that plasminogen is a novel inflammatory regulator that promotes wound healing.
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Wilkinson, Barbara. "An analysis of the proliferative response of oral keratinocytes during the re-epithelialization of a chemically induced wound." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1995. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27441.
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The wound healing response requires the interaction of a series of events, culminating in the restoration of tissue integrity. In the present study, the proliferative phase of this process was examined with particular reference to re-epithelialization of the wound defect and the manner in which epithelial keratinocytes respond. PC-lO (Dako), a mouse monoclonal antibody against proliferating cell nuclear antigen, was employed as a marker of cell division. This 36kDa auxilliary protein 2 for DNA polymerase-delta is essential for DNA replication at S-phase and has been employed with varying success as a marker of cell proliferation.
The majority of work utilizing PCNA to evaluate proliferative activity has been performed on histopathological tissue. Studies examining PCNA in non-neoplastic tissue, and in particular, oral epithelium, are limited. The proliferative status of tongue for instance, one of the more readily accessible regions of the oral cavity, has been determined using analagous techniques, however there is a paucity of information regarding the application of PCNA. In fact, research by Warnakulasuriya and Johnson (1993) investigating cell proliferation in hamster tongue appears to be the only equivalent study. Consequently, in the present investigation the performance of PCNA was examined in both normal and wounded rat tongue.
An animal model, adapted from unpublished work by Shaw and Young (1983), was established and involved the subepithelial injection of 35ul of the sclerosant sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STS) into the right ventrolateral aspect of the tongue of anaesthetised animals using a Hamilton microsyringe. The resulting wound was assessed at two, four, seven and fourteen days subsequent to the STS injection.
The excised tongues were microwave irradiated in Kryofix (Merck) and submitted for immunostaining with PC-lO (Dako). Detection of the incorporated antibody was performed using an indirect PAP technique.
Stained sections were quantified using a "chromatic" image analysis system to determine the proliferative activity in the healing epithelium . A PCNA labelling index, expressed as the number of PCNA-stained cells per 100 epithelial basal cells, was calculated for the dorsal, ventral and total epithelial surface. Each experimental wound was mapped to indicate the spatial distribution of proliferating cells, as determined by PCNA with regard to the wound margin.
The results of this study showed that epithelial regeneration of the STS induced wound began within forty eight hours and confluence was achieved fourteen days following the injection. PCNA labelling indices for the dorsal, ventral and total basal epithelial surfaces of normal rat tongue, expressed as the mean :- SD, were 23: 6.3, 21 t 16.7 and 22 i 9.1 respectively. These findings reflect the more complex proliferative pattern that occurs in dorsal epithelium to maintain the undulating rete ridge pattern.
Comparison of the PCNA indices for the four experimental groups with those obtained for normal rat tongue demonstrated that maximal epithelial activity occurred at seven days post-wounding in the dorsal surface and four days post-wounding in the ventral surface. Quantitative analysis of the PCNA labelling combined with microscopic evaluation also enabled a general sequence of healing to be established, based on proliferative activity. From these data, a number of events known to occur during the reparative process could be identified, namely the lag phase, a period of peak proliferative activity and an interval of maximal migratory activity. lmmunohistochemical detection of PCNA also revealed that following wounding, oral keratinocytes undergo cell division in a regular temporal distribution rather than in random order.
The findings of this investigation suggest that the STS animal model is reproducible and results in a slow healing wound that allows various aspects of the reparative process to be considered. The STS model, when used in conjunction with the methods employed for the quantitative assessment of PCNA, may have utility in wound healing studies. In particular, this procedure would be of benefit in evaluating the contribution of proliferation to the reparative process.
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Bolitho, Christine. "Studies of serum albumin in wound healing and endothelial apoptosis." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4712.
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Theunissen, Daniël. "Measurements in wound healing : effects of topical agents on full thickness dermal incised wounds in an animal model." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8768.
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Bibliography: leaves 55-59.Inert topical agents in the form of creams, lotions and ointments are often applied to wounds to create an environment conducive to wound healing. These agents, although not pharmacologically active on the intact skin, have activity when applied to wounds where the stratum comeum barrier to penetration is absent. From measurements of simple parameters like the rate of re-epitheliasation. it is known that some topical agents enhance wound healing while others retard the healing process. There is data available on the antiseptic and anti-microbial properties of most of the topical agents in use today, but ail the effects of these products on the micro-environment of wounds and their influence on the process of healing is not known. Central to the study of wounds and wound healing is the need for accurate methods to evaluate wounds. Parameters used for measuring outcome should be unambiguous and measurements should be accurate and reproducible. At present, no universally accepted methods of assessing wounds exist. Clinical evaluation is usually subjective and not quantitative, resulting in unacceptable levels of inter- and intra-observer variation. Similarly lacking are clear histological correlates of what we consider good healing characteristics of a wound. As our knowledge increase about the complex process of wound healing, in particular the hormones and peptide growth factors that regulate the process, possibilities arise for therapeutic intervention to enhance or improve clinical outcome. At the same time, the need for objective measurements becomes more urgent, as we need to evaluate and compare treatment options. Previous measurement systems were developed, ranging from visual scoring systems to measurement of biological and chemical wound constituents. Physical characteristics of healing wounds can also be measured by properties such as the tensile strength. The structural and ultra- structural elements of healing wounds remain difficult to measure, although immuno-histochemistry and scanning electron microscopy allows some quantification and simple morphometric measurements. With current advances in computer technology however, rapid, automatic measurements can be made from tissue sections for a variety of practical applications in the pathology laboratory. Image analysis offers dynamic functional imaging, linking multiple data sources to provide composite quantitative systems. Further correlation of detailed histologic examination of wounds to a detailed clinical assessment of the same wounds is important, not only to add credibility to clinical scoring schemes, but also to understand which structural features of the dermis are important for the severity of scarring (and therefore which should be the object of future therapeutic or preventative strategies).
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Smith, Annie G., Rachel A. Powis, D. I. Pritchard, and Stephen T. Britland. "Greenbottle (Lucilia Sericata) larval secretions delivered from a prototype hydrogel wound dressing accelerate the closure of model wounds." American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4041.
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noThe resurgence of larval biotherapy as a debridement tool in wound management has been accompanied by several clinical reports highlighting concomitant tissue regeneration. Studies employing in vitro cell motility assays have found that purified excretory/secretory (ES) products from Greenbottle larvae (blowfly, Lucilia sericata) are motogenic for human dermal fibroblasts when used as a supplement in culture media. The objective of the present study was to determine whether ES delivered using a prototype hydrogel wound dressing induced similar motogenic effects on fibroblastic (3T3) and epithelial cells (HaCaTs) comprising a scratched-monolayer wound model. Quantitative analysis by MTT assay failed to detect significant mitogenic effects of ES on either cell type. Quantitative image analysis revealed that ES exposure markedly accelerated wound closure through a motogenic effect on both fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Quantitative histochemical analysis detected significantly higher phosphotyrosine (pTyr) expression in ES-exposed cell cultures than in controls; moreover immunocytochemistry revealed conspicuously raised levels of pTyr expression in cells located at the wound margin. By attenuation with a panel of enzyme inhibitors these effects were attributed to the protease components of ES. The present results suggest that controlled delivery of ES as a follow-up to maggot debridement therapy may be an effective therapeutic option for stimulation of tissue regeneration in wound management.
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Lande, Nancy Carol. "Words, wounds, chiasms Native American health care encounters /." Thesis, Montana State University, 2005. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2005/lande/LandeN0505.pdf.
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Hishida, Masashi, Kazuhiro Toriyama, Yoriko Yamashita, Shinya Akatsuka, Akemi Hayakawa, Shuhei Torii, and Yuzuru Kamei. "Omental Flap Closure of Refractory Wounds: Rat Model." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/12913.
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Nigeria, The Catholic Bishops' Conference of. "HEALING THE WOUNDS OF THE NATION: A COMMUNIQUE." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 2002. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,2429.
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Bloyer, Martha Henao. "The effects of therapeutic ultrasound on open wounds." FIU Digital Commons, 1999. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1702.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasound (US) therapy in the treatment of open wounds as an adjunct to the usual and customary treatment provided by physical therapists. An exhaustive search of all published studies on the effects of therapeutic ultrasound on open wounds was performed. Every article, which met certain criteria, was reviewed in detail. Criteria included the use of human subjects, animal subjects, or human cells in vitro, publication in referred journals indexed by MEDLINE, CINAHL and availability of full text in the English language. Fourteen studies met the selection criteria. A total of 31 possible outcomes were available from these studies. Outcomes were categorized as positive, negative or non-significant. The results indicated a total of seventeen positives, eight negatives and six non-significant outcomes. The results of the analysis indicate that there is evidence in the literature to suggest that therapeutic US is beneficial in the treatment of open wounds.
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Howell-Jones, Rebecca. "Antibiotic use in the treatment of chronic wounds." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2007. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55708/.
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Chronic wounds cause substantial morbidity and healthcare costs and prevalence is rising as the population ages and diabetes increases. Microbes are ubiquitous in chronic wounds, with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa commonplace. Antibiotic resistance is also widespread and increasing. Patients with chronic wounds are exposed to many antibiotic resistance risk factors. This study investigated antibiotic consumption by patients with chronic wounds and the prevalence of and risk factors for antibiotic resistant organisms in such wounds. Finally, the impact of resistance on the cost of treatment was investigated. Antibiotic consumption by patients with chronic wounds treated in primary care was significantly higher than matched patients without chronic wounds. This included greater quantities of flucloxacillin, co-amoxiclav, metronidazole, and ciprofloxacin. The prevalence of antibiotic resistant organisms in chronic wounds of patients attending a specialist wound-healing clinic was investigated. No patients carried vancomycin- resistant enterococci in their wounds. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was 10%. No wound characteristics were associated with MRSA. Carriage was associated with previous MRSA and 'other' systemic antibiotics. The prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant P. aeruginosa was 11%. Exploratory analysis identified previous antibiotics (specifically ciprofloxacin, 'other' topical antimicrobials and 'other' systemic antibiotics) and wound aetiology as risk factors. Healing wounds were less likely to carry ciprofloxacin-resistant P. aeruginosa. Treatment costs for venous leg ulcers were explored using Markov models: one year's treatment, following presentation, cost £1008. Antibiotic resistance prevalence had little impact on cost. The frequency of nursing visits (for healed and active ulcers), cost of hospital appointments and cost of nurses had the greatest impact. In summary, antibiotics are commonly used in primary care management of chronic wounds. However ciprofloxacin and 'other' systemic antibiotics may be associated with carriage of antibiotic resistant organisms. The impact of resistance on treatment costs of venous ulcers is small, provided effective alternatives are available.
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Kozlovska, I. M. "Treatment of pyo-necrotic wounds in modern conditions." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18652.
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Haak, Sarah. "Great Wounds: A Collection of Essays and Prose." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1554996583436946.
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