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Journal articles on the topic "Wounds and injuries":
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Vasil’ev, A. Yu, and I. S. Obelchak. "Multidetector computed tomography in the diagnosis of lesions of the main vessels for gunshot injury of the chest." Regional blood circulation and microcirculation 18, no. 1 (May 3, 2019): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/1682-6655-2019-18-1-31-38.
Purpose – examine the possibilities of multislice computed tomangiography (MSCTA) in case of suspected damage to the great vessels in a chest gunshot fghting injury.Material and methods. A radiation survey of 130 wounded with gunshot injuries of the chest to assess the nature, diagnosis of gunshot injuries of the vascular bed.Results. Of the 130 wounded with gunshot wounds to the chest, 41 (31.5 %) of the injured had gunshot wounds to the chest were nonpenetrating, and 89 (68.5 %) had penetrating injuries. In 76 (58.4 %) patients with gunshot chest injuries, the nature of the wound was fragmentation, in 54 (41.6 %), wounds were bullet wounds. In the algorithm of radiation examination of patients with gunshot wounds of the chest to identify the nature of damage to the organs of the mediastinum and vascular structures, the main method of visualization was MSCT with contrast enhancement. Damage to the bone skeleton of the chest (ribs, collarbone, sternum, scapula) by MSCT was observed in 23 (17.6 %) patients. Almost half – 66 (50.1 %) of the wounded with gunshot injuries during MSCT examination, traumatic injury (pulmonitis) of the lung was observed. In 2 (1.5 %) cases, damage to the heart was detected that was not recognized at the stage of skilled surgical care. False posttraumatic aneurysm of the thoracic aorta was diagnosed in two wounded. Accuracy, sensitivity, specifcity of MSCT angiography in imaging of the vascular bed and diagnosis of damage to the great vessels of the chest cavity was 98, 97 and 97 %, respectively.Conclusions. MSCT made it possible to reliably assess the nature of the gunshot injuries of the chest, identify timely damage to the great vessels of the mediastinum, determine the localization of the foreign injuring bodies near the vascular structures, and determine the surgical tactics.
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Singh, Niten, Eric Bluman, Benjamin Starnes, and Charles Andersen. "Dynamic Wound Closure for Decompressive Leg Fasciotomy Wounds." American Surgeon 74, no. 3 (March 2008): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480807400307.
Decompressive fasciotomy for preservation of lower extremity function and salvage is an essential technique in trauma. The wounds that result from the standard two incision four-compartment leg fasciotomy are often accompanied by a wide soft tissue opening that in the face of true compartment syndrome are often impossible to close in a delayed primary fashion. We describe a technique using a device that allows for dissipation of the workload across the wound margin allowing for successful delayed primary closure. Consecutive patients who presented to the 28th Combat Support Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq with a diagnosis of compartment syndrome of the leg, impending compartment syndrome of the leg, or compartment syndrome of the leg recently treated with fasciotomies were followed. All patients underwent placement of the Canica dynamic wound closure device (Canica, Almonte, ON, Canada). Eleven consecutive patients treated at a combat support hospital in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom underwent four-compartment fasciotomies for penetrating injuries. There were five patients that underwent a vascular repair [three superficial femoral artery (SFA) injuries and two below knee popliteal artery injuries] and six patients that had orthopedic injuries (three comminuted tibial fractures, two fibula fractures, and one closed pilon fracture). Patients returned to the operating room within 24 hours for washout and wound inspection. Mean initial wound size was 8.1 cm; mean postplacement size was 2.7 cm; average time to closure was 2.6 days. All patients were able to undergo primary wound closure of the medial incision and placement of the Canica device over the lateral incision. Ten of the 11 patients (91%) could be closed in delayed primary fashion after application of the device. In our series of patients with penetrating wartime injuries and compartment syndrome of the leg we have found the use of this dynamic wound closure device to be extremely successful and expedient.
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Golovko, K. P., V. Yu Markevich, T. Yu Suprun, A. B. Vertiy, S. E. Komyagin, N. A. Zhirnova, and I. M. Samokhvalov. "Prospects for improving pre-hospital care for wounded with gunshot penetrating wounds to the chest." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 22, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma50550.
Abstract. The analysis of injuries, life-threatening consequences and outcomes of treatment of wounded with penetrating chest wounds and the results of approbation of a prototype (medical) disposable set UD-02v for the elimination of strained and open pneumothorax, hemothorax, pleural drainage and collection of spilled blood with the possibility of subsequent reinfusion at the pre-hospital stage is presented. The prototype of the UD-02v set was created as part of the implementation of the state defense order in 2018. Its creation is due to the fact that despite the improvement of medical care at the stages of medical evacuation and the widespread use of individual armor protection, chest injuries currently remain a frequent type of combat surgical injury, accounting for 6 to 12% of all injuries. The main cause of death of injured and injured with chest injuries remains blood loss caused by continuing intrapleural bleeding and concomitant damage to other anatomical areas. Stressful pneumothorax, together with intrapleural bleeding, account for 93% of preventable causes of fatal chest injuries at the pre-hospital stage. Untimely elimination of the consequences of severe breast injuries should be considered as a negative factor affecting the outcome of treatment, and significant improvement in treatment results should be expected only in the case of early elimination of the most severe consequences of breast injuries. The developed set of UD-02v exceeds foreign medical devices in its medical and technical characteristics, and is the most promising for acceptance for the supply of the Armed forces of the Russian Federation as part of the samples of complete and service equipment.
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Djuraev, Jamolbek A. "RADIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF FACE-JAW JOINT WOUNDS." Oriental Journal of Medicine and Pharmacology 02, no. 01 (March 1, 2022): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/supsci-ojmp-02-01-12.
The reason for the interest in the problem of facial and maxillofacial injuries (CJS) is the increase in the number of injuries to the tissue structures of the face and brain, which is characterized by uncertainty of consequences and difficulty of treatment outcome. Occurrence of neurological deficits in the post-injury period disrupts patients’ social adjustment. The serious consequences of acute joint facial injuries make it one of the social problems of national and global importance.
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Maurin, Olga, Stanislas de Régloix, Stéphane Dubourdieu, Hugues Lefort, Stéphane Boizat, Benoit Houze, Jennifer Culoma, Guillaume Burlaton, and Jean-Pierre Tourtier. "Maxillofacial Gunshot Wounds." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 30, no. 3 (April 14, 2015): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1500463x.
AbstractThe majority of maxillofacial gunshot wounds are caused by suicide attempts. Young men are affected most often. When the lower one-third of the face is involved, airway patency (1.6% of the cases) and hemorrhage control (1.9% of the cases) are the two most urgent complications to monitor and prevent. Spinal fractures are observed with 10% of maxillary injuries and in 20% of orbital injuries. Actions to treat the facial gunshot victim need to be performed, keeping in mind spine immobilization until radiographic imaging is complete and any required spinal stabilization accomplished. Patients should be transported to a trauma center equipped to deal with maxillofacial and neurosurgery because 40% require emergency surgery. The mortality rate of maxillofacial injuries shortly after arrival at a hospital varies from 2.8% to 11.0%. Complications such as hemiparesis or cranial nerve paralysis occur in 20% of survivors. This case has been reported on a victim of four gunshot injuries. One of the gunshots was to the left mandibular ramus and became lodged in the C4 vertebral bone.MaurinO, de RégloixS, DubourdieuS, LefortH, BoizatS, HouzeB, CulomaJ, BurlatonG, TourtierJP. Maxillofacial gunshot wounds. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(3):14.
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Bradic, Nikola, Drazen Cuculic, and Ervin Jancic. "Terrorism in Croatia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 18, no. 2 (June 2003): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00000819.
AbstractIntroduction:This report illustrates Croatia's experience with the terrorist attack in the city of Rijeka in October 1995. Also, the intention of this report is to outline how emergency services were functioning in this sudden-onset situation.Methods:The medical documentation of 27 wounded citizens in the attack was analyzed and the appearance of bodily wounds, severity of wounds, and the mechanisms of injury are described. From the forensic medical report, the wounds and damages sustained by the terrorist also were analyzed. All findings were compared with similar cases from around the world.Results:In the 27 wounded citizens, three (11%) had head injuries, and injuries of the abdomen in only two cases (7%) were found. The most common injuries sustained involved one or more extremities: 16 (59%) persons had wounds of an upper or lower extremity or a combination of multiple wounds. The main cause of death of the terrorist was explosive wounds to the chest and abdomen with destruction of multiple inner organs (primarily kidneys, liver, abdomen, and lung). Furthermore, the terrorist had a fracture of the skull base and multiple injuries to the brain.Conclusion:Comparing the findings with other data from the literature, the distribution in the percentages of wounded is almost the same as reported in many bomb attacks. In this case, the walls of the building protected many citizens, which is why so few were seriously injured. Forensic examination of the terrorist's body showed all of the characteristics of blast injuries.
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Khomenko, I. P., K. P. Gerzhyk, and B. M. Kucher. "The place and role of videothoracoscopic surgical interventions in war wounds and injuries of the chest organs." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 22, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 522–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2018-22(3)-26.
Thoracic injuries are considered to be one of the most severe injuries of human systems and organs, which are characterized by a large number of complications and high mortality. According to the ATO data in eastern Ukraine, the frequency of chest injuries in the general structure of combat surgical injuries is 11.7%, the overwhelming majority of which were non-penetrating injuries (83.6%). The overall mortality rate for penetrating wounds of the breast is 5–10%. Surgical tactics for injuries and injuries of the chest is diverse and depends on the type of traumatic injury, the time of first medical and specialized care, the severity of the condition of the victims, the presence of complications, the technical capabilities of the hospital. Objective: optimization of surgical tactics for wounds and injuries of the chest through the use of video-assisted thoracoscopic techniques. A retrospective analysis of the surgical treatment of 103 thoracic wounded and injured, which were located in the Military Medical Clinical Center of the Southern Region in Odessa and the area of responsibility (level II–IV medical care) from June 2014 to July 2017, was carried out. At the stages of medical evacuation of all 103 thoracic wounded and injured in most cases (41 people (39.8%)), drainage of the pleural cavity was sufficient to eliminate hemo- and pneumothorax — 25 (24.3%) underwent various surgical interventions from thoracotomic approaches, 16 (15.5%) had various video-assisted thoracoscopic surgeries, 16 (15.5%) had only surgical treatments for gunshot wounds, and 5 (4.9%) wounded and injured had only conservative therapy. Conclusions: Promising, in our opinion, can be the widespread introduction of video-assisted thoracoscopic interventions into the practice of surgeons who are involved in the ATO, followed by a multicenter assessment of the results.
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Kvasnevskyi, Yevhen, Michailo Kashtalian, Oleh Gerasimenko, and Oleksandr Kvasnevskyi. "Experimental Study of Action Different Kinetic Energy on the Colon." Lietuvos chirurgija 21, no. 2 (May 2, 2022): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lietchirur.2022.21.61.
The purpose of the study. To increase the effectiveness of surgical care for the wounded with combat trauma of the colon by studying of ballistic, morphological and functional features of the gunshot wounds. Patients and methods. A study of surgical treatment of 83 wounded with combat injuries of the colon, received in the area of anti-terrorist operation in the period from 2014–2018. For comparative analysis of treatment results, two clinical groups were formed: comparison and main. The comparison group included 42 wounded who were treated from April 2014 to February 2015 (the first and second periods of ATO), who used traditional surgical tactics. The main group included 41 wounded who were treated from March 2015 to 2018. Results. Analysis of the distribution of wounded with combat trauma by type of wound / injury revealed that the vast majority of them in both groups had shrapnel wounds – 49 (59.1%). There were 30 (36.1%) victims with bullet wounds, and 4 (4.8%) with closed injuries. The wounded patients with the battle trauma of the thick bowel by type of injury had missile wounds as a rule – 49 (59.1%). There were 30 (36.1%) patients with bullet wounds, and 4 (4.8%) with closed injuries. Most of the injuries were combined – 58 (69.9%), and with only abdominal injuries – 25 (30.1%), mostly multiple – 21 (25.3%). The great majority of the thick bowel injuries belonged to sigmoid – 32 (38.6%) and transverse colon – 21 (25.3%), which is explained by relatively large size of these parts of the intestine. Conclusions. The choice of surgical tactics and scope of surgical interventions on damaged organs and structures took into account the results of experimental study of mechanogenesis and pathomorphology of gunshot wounds of the colon, obtained in bench studies by modeling gunshot wounds on “thoracoabdominal ballistic material”.
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Loskutov, Aleksandr, Andriy Domanskyi, Ivan Zherdev, and Svyatoslav Lushnya. "Features of medical care in patientswith elbow joint gunshot wounds." ORTHOPAEDICS, TRAUMATOLOGY and PROSTHETICS, no. 1 (October 5, 2021): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15674/0030-5987202115-8.
Gunshot wounds of the elbow joint are the third most common after knee and shoulder injuries. Features of the anatomical and functional structure of the elbow joint, the close location of the vascular and nervous formations, favorable conditions for the development of infection determine the severity of gunshot wounds and cause the complexity of its treatment. Objective. To evaluate the frequency and nature of the elbow joint gunshot wounds in the structure of the general combat injuries, as well as to determine the volume of medical care and direction of treatment of such injuries in the conditions of the regional hospital as a stage of care. Methods. A retrospective study included 1 809 patients (96.0 % of men, mean age (33.7 ± 0.2) years). Firearms limb injuries were detected in 1 013 (56.0 %) of all victims, of which the elbow joint — 25 (2.47 %). Mines and explosives injuries were in 22 (88 %) of the patients, bullet — in 3 (12 %). Results. Tactics of treatment of elbow joint gunshot wounds depended on the severity of the condition of the victims and the nature of concomitant traumatic injuries. In the structure of combat injury of the elbow joint the majority was combined (52 %) and multiple (40 %) injuries and was accompanied by gunshot fractures in 60 %. In patients who were in severe state, applied the tactics of Damage control in two stages. At the first stage the fractures were fixed with plaster splints or external fixation devices (EF), the wounds were not subjected to full surgical debridment (SD), but only washed with antiseptics and the visible foreign bodies were removed. In patients with soft tissue injuries wounds the primary SD was performed according to general principles, injured nerves were not restored. In the second stage, after patient is stabilized, the repeated SD of the wound was performed. After their uncomplicated healing the EF was removed and the method of fixation was changed to internal osteosyntesis. Conclusions. It is recommended to perform stabilization of intra-articular gunshot fractures of the elbow joint with EF and after uncomplicated wound healing go to the internal osteosynthesis. Key words. Elbow joint, gunshot wounds, treatment.
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Kotiv, B. N., I. M. Samokhvalov, V. Ju Markevich, I. I. Dzidzava, O. V. Barinov, V. V. Suvorov, A. V. Goncharov, and K. V. Petukhov. "Thoracoabdominal stab wounds: modern surgical tactics." Grekov's Bulletin of Surgery 178, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/0042-4625-2019-178-1-34-38.
Theobjectivewas to determine the optimal therapeutic and diagnostic algorithm for thoracoabdominal injury.Material and methods. The results of the examination and treatment of 389 injured patients with combined stab wounds of chest and abdomen were analyzed. The injuries were thoracoabdominal in 54 (13.9 %) cases.Results. We analyzed instrumental invasive and non-invasive diagnostic methods. The sequence of surgical interventions was determined.Conclusion. We revealed that the correct sequence and volume of surgical intervention ensured the success of treating the injured patients, while in cases of competing sources of bleeding, priority should be given in favor of performing thoracotomy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wounds and injuries":
1
Ou, Jingxing. "Chronic wound state associated with cytoskeletal defects and exacerbated by oxidative stress in Pax6+/- aniridia-related keratopathy." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25200.
Foster, Michele. "A window of opportunity : referral from acute care to rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16181.pdf.
Murnyack, Roberta Michelle. "Development of a three-dimensional finite element model of lateral controlled cortical impact injury in the rat with geometry from magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17058.
Lin, Htein. "Causes and prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors of school children aged 10-14 years in Maseru, Lesotho." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, etiology and types of injuries to permanent incisors among schoolchildren aged 10-14 years from Maseru, Lesotho. Upper and lower permanent incisors were examined for dental injuries.
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Scholtz, Hendrik Johannes. "Fatal penetrating injuries of the chest." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26781.
In the Republic of South Africa, an autopsy is required in all cases of unnatural death, or in cases where the cause of death is unknown in terms of the Inquest Act of 1959. These are performed at the Salt River Medicolegal Laboratory by Forensic Pathologists and Registrars of the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology of the University of Cape Town. The Salt River Medicolegal Laboratory serves the greater Cape Town area with a population of approximately 2,5 million, including the magisterial districts of Cape Town, Wynberg, Mitchell's Plain and Simonstown. Cape Town has one of the world's highest homicide rates and in 1986 the incidence was 56, 91 100000 population per annum. In contrast, Singapore has a homicide rate of only 2, 5/100 000, while the United States has an overall homicide rate of 7,7/ 100 000 population. In order to document the true impact of penetrating chest injuries, and to place mortality data in perspective, a retrospective descriptive study of all cases with fatal penetrating chest injuries admitted to the Salt River Medicolegal Laboratory in Cape Town during 1990 was undertaken. In 1990, a total of 5 758 cases was admitted to the Salt River Medicolegal Laboratory of which 1834 cases (39%) were the result of homicide. Of the homicide cases, 408 (22%) were the result of firearm injuries. A total of 2044 (35, 5%) cases admitted was deemed to have died of natural causes. This study identified a total of 841 cases of fatal penetrating injuries of the chest admitted during 1990, which constituted 22,6% of all non-natural cases admitted.
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Ottosson, Carin. "Somato-psycho-social aspects of recovery after traffic injuries /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-721-9/.
Dale, Paul David. "Time heals all wounds? : mathematical models of epithelial and dermal wound healing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:aaa4717f-a115-4a34-bb03-d64ce81841d9.
The mechanisms responsible for the healing of corneal surface wounds are the subject of biological controversy. In particular, the role and source of the regulatory chemical epidermal growth factor (EGF) is an area of intense debate. In the first part of this thesis, we propose a reaction-diffusion model which focuses on the stimulus for increased mitotic and migratory activity due to secretion of EGF. A detailed numerical study of various possible models, with parameter values based on biological data, reveals that, for realistic healing times, EGF must be released by the underlying layers of the cornea, in addition to the tear film source. The model exhibits travelling wave solutions and further analysis elucidates the interaction and role of the parameters in determining the speed of healing. Furthermore, we consider the effect of topical application of EGF and investigate the effect of curvature of the eye. We show that our model is consistent with many of the key features of corneal wound healing. Adult dermal wounds, in contrast to foetal wounds, heal with the formation of scar tissue. A crucial factor in determining the nature of the healed tissue is the ratio of collagen 1 to collagen 3, which indicates the fibril diameter. We develop a reaction-diffusion model which focuses on the stimulus for collagen synthesis due to the secretion of the different isoforms of the regulatory chemical transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). Numerical simulations of the model without diffusion lead to a value of this ratio consistent with that of healthy tissue for the foetus but corresponding to scarring in the adult. The model equations evolve to waves moving into the wound, but addition of TGFβ only has a transient effect on the final collagen levels. We investigate this effect by developing a caricature model. The model indicates that the main source of the fibroblasts is the underlying subcutaneous tissue and we determine key parameters which explain the difference between adult and foetal wound healing. Furthermore we make clinically testable predictions on the effects that topical application of various chemicals will have on scar formation.
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Margand, Paul Marcus Buchanan. "Ultrastructural changes in electrically damaged x-enopus laevis sciatic nerve." Scholarly Commons, 1991. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2217.
Electrical injury is known to alter the normal physiological function of nerves. In most cases, the change in function is only minor, but in severe instances the physiological function may be lost entirely. The changes in function involve the ability of the nerve to transmit an impulse, which is a function of the nerve's ability to create and maintain an electrical gradient across its membrane. When the nerve is exposed to an electrical current, the ability to maintain an electrical gradient across the membrane is reduced or lost. This change may be transient or permanent. The changes in the gradient hinder the nerve from propagating the impulse, which is the means of information transfer to and from the CNS (central nervous system). Due to the manner in which human victims are typically exposed to an electric shock, the peripheral axons usually display the greatest change in physiological function.
Collins, John Gary. Types of injuries and impairments due to injuries, United States. Hyattsville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Center for Health Statistics, 1986.
Payne, Christopher, and Andrew Kjos. "Wounds and Injuries." In A Beginner’s Guide to Special Makeup Effects, 89–94. New York : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003093701-19.
Orgill, Dennis P. "Operative Management of Pressure Injuries." In Interventional Treatment of Wounds, 75–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66990-8_5.
Presterl, Elisabeth, Magda Diab-El Schahawi, Luigi Segagni Lusignani, Helga Paula, and Jacqui S. Reilly. "Puncture Wounds and Needle-Related Injuries." In Basic Microbiology and Infection Control for Midwives, 151–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02026-2_16.
Hanson, R. Reid, and Amelia S. Munsterman. "Treatment of Burn Injuries, Gunshot Wounds, and Dog-Bite Wounds." In Equine Wound Management, 476–89. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118999219.ch20.
Hadrill, David. "4. How to prevent wounds and injuries; How to treat wounds." In Horse Healthcare, 86–111. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780443515.004.
Badr, Hoda, Trina M. Barker, and Kathrin Milbury. "Couples’ Psychosocial Adaptation to Combat Wounds and Injuries." In Risk and Resilience in U.S. Military Families, 213–34. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7064-0_11.
Heegaard, William G., and Gary M. Vilke. "Factitious Conducted Electrical Weapon Wounds: Injuries and Considerations." In Atlas of Conducted Electrical Weapon Wounds and Forensic Analysis, 131–42. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3543-3_7.
Olim, Nelson. "Wound Care Management, Non-penetrating Injuries, and Wounds Penetrating into Body Cavities." In Hot Topics in Acute Care Surgery and Trauma, 165–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34116-9_13.
Graham, Michael. "Histopathology of Cutaneous Conducted Electrical Weapon Injuries." In Atlas of Conducted Electrical Weapon Wounds and Forensic Analysis, 79–111. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3543-3_5.
Brave, Michael. "Legal Aspects of Conducted Electrical Weapon Injuries, Wounds, and Effects." In Atlas of Conducted Electrical Weapon Wounds and Forensic Analysis, 143–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3543-3_8.
Conference papers on the topic "Wounds and injuries":
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Lamping, Jeffrey W., Stephen K. Bubb, and Terence E. McIff. "Effectiveness of Negative Pressure in Promoting Tissue Growth Into Porous Metal Implants." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80884.
Extremity War Injuries (EWI) with large open segmental and periarticular defects constitute a high volume and high morbidity challenge for the military trauma management system. Open segmental tibia and elbow fractures caused by Improvised Explosive Device (IED) wounds, are two examples of such injuries. Several problems occur when trying to repair such a wound. The large, gaping wounds make skin closure difficult. Infection is also a prevalent complication typically caused by debris contaminating the wound. Lastly, large amounts of damaged tissue including segmental bone defects make repair difficult.
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Pintar, Frank A., Srirangam Kumaresan, Brian Stemper, Narayan Yoganandan, and Thomas A. Gennarelli. "Finite Element Modeling of Penetrating Traumatic Brain Injuries." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2602.
Abstract Recent advances in the treatment of penetrating gunshot wounds to the head have saved lives. These advances are largely reported using retrospective analysis of patients with recommendations for treatment. Biomechanical quantification of intracranial deformation/stress distribution associated with the type of weapon (e.g., projectile geometry) will advance clinical understanding of the mechanics of penetrating wounds. The present study was designed to delineate the biomechanical behavior of the human head under penetrating impact of two different projectile geometries using a nonlinear, three-dimensional finite element model. The human head model included the skull and brain. The qualitative comparison of the model output with each type of projectile during various time steps indicates that the deformation/stress progresses as the projectile penetrates the tissue. There is also a distinct difference in the patterns of displacement for each type of projectile. The present study is a first step in the study of the biomechanics of penetrating traumatic brain injuries.
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Frybarger, Michelle R., and Karim H. Muci-Küchler. "Distribution of Bacterial Contamination in Partial Penetration Surrogate Ballistic Wounds." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23897.
Abstract With the rise in use of IEDs during armed conflicts, there has been an increase in the number of injuries to the extremities. Shrapnel and debris ejected during the explosion become high-speed projectiles capable of penetrating soft tissues, bringing bacterial contamination into the wound. If not properly treated, that contamination could lead to infection. Studies aimed at understanding the distribution of bacterial contamination along the permanent cavity could provide useful information to improve treatment protocols for these types of injuries. In this paper, a lower extremity surrogate model was used to investigate bacterial distribution in partial penetration ballistic wounds. The targets used were ballistic gelatin blocks that had an Escherichia coli-laden filter paper placed on their front face. Spherical projectiles were fired into the targets adjusting their speed to obtain three different partial penetration depths. After each shot, a gelatin strip containing the permanent cavity was extracted and segmented. The permanent cavity was removed from each segment, placed in a test tube with buffer solution, and heated in a water bath to melt the gelatin. Standard microbiology protocols were followed to determine the number of colony forming units (CFUs) in each segment. The bacteria distribution was represented by percent of total CFU in the permanent cavity versus segment number. In addition, bacterial contamination as a function of projectile penetration depth was explored. For the cases considered, most of the bacterial contamination occurred in the segments closer to the projectile entry point.
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Zhang, Jiangyue, Narayan Yoganandan, Cheryl A. Muszynski, Frank A. Pintar, and Thomas A. Gennarelli. "Analysis of Penetrating Head Impact." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59899.
Impact-induced injuries can be classified into blunt and penetrating types. Penetrating injuries are often the byproduct of gunshot wounds and these injuries to the head result in significant mortality and morbidity. The objective of the study is to determine the probability of fatality as a function of admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and injury volumes (hematoma and edema) in gunshot wounds using computed tomography (CT) scans. Head CT images from 19 patients were analyzed. Hematoma and edema volumes were computed using grayscale equivalents and special computer software. Hematoma and edema volumes were found to be better predictors than GCS. In addition to admission GCS, hematoma and edema volumes may allow more accurate prediction of outcome, and these data should provide informed counseling of relatives and improved guidelines for more efficient resource allocation during the acute care phase.
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Fabio, Anthony, Shiyao Gao, Michael Bell, Patrick Kochanek, and Stephen Wisniewski. "97 Gunshot wounds to the head: the epidemiology of severe paediatric firearm-related traumatic brain injuries." In SAVIR 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042560.97.
Izmailov, Sergey, Julia Perevezentseva, Andrey Rotkov, Vladimir Beschastnov, Evgeniy Popov, and Egor Lukoyanychev. "Mathematical Justification of the Wound suturing by Wound Contractors of new Generation." In International Conference "Computing for Physics and Technology - CPT2020". Bryansk State Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/conferencearticle_5fce2772128d09.10616351.
Frequent cases of man-made disasters, terrorist attacks and military conflicts lead to an increase in the number of victims. Significant soft tissue defects are known to result from gunshot wounds. So, as a result of mine-blasting injuries, defects in the skin and underlying tissues more than 10 cm in diameter are formed in 71.1% of cases. The prerequisite for the uncomplicated course of the wound process is to achieve an adequate comparison of the edges of the wound without excessive tension. To close such extensive wounds, various technical means are used: sutures on pads, various types of dermatotension. We have developed various models of wound contractors (RC) for treatment of wounds. With the help of the RC, a complete reposition and good adaptation of the edges of the wound is created. The wound closure method using these RC almost completely eliminates tissue cutting and limits the sawing effect to a minimum. This is explained by the effects of elastic forces reducing to zero when matching soft tissues and suturing. The use of hardware methods for suturing wounds requires the development of mathematical models of various types of wounds and surgical sutures. These models should provide a simulation of living tissues of the wound edges behavior to achieve the best results in the treatment of wounds by RC advanced technologies. The purpose of this study is to mathematically justify RC with the parallel holding of spokes. Another purpose is to develop a mathematical model of the wounds suturing by hardware technology.
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Zhang, Jiangyue, and Frank A. Pintar. "A Finite Element Study of Blast Overpressure on the Skull With and Without Helmet." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19083.
The use of advanced personal armor, especially the helmet, during combat has significantly reduced the incidence and severity of life threatening penetrating injuries from gunshot and blast shrapnel to the head and improved the overall survival rate of soldiers in combat [1]. On the other hand, the number of blast related injuries (68%) has increased to more than 4 times that of gunshot wounds (15%) and other injuries (17%), among which blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) has became the signature wound of the U.S. armed forces in Iraq and Afghanistan due to increased use of improvised explosive devices (IED) and rocket-propelled grenades (RPG) by the insurgents [2–4]. It is well known in detonation physics that the presence of a close proximity surface will increase the overpressure on the target due to blast wave reflection [5, 6]. The helmet, which has saved many lives from otherwise fatal penetration and blunt impact injuries, may unfortunately also serve as a reflecting surface and pose increased blast injury threat to the head. Consequently, the current study was designed to compare blast overpressures on the skull with and without helmet using a human head computational model.
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Zhang, Jiangyue, Narayan Yoganandan, Frank A. Pintar, Yabo Guan, and Thomas A. Gennarelli. "Experimental Study on Non-Exit Ballistic Induced Traumatic Brain Injury." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176407.
Ballistic-induced traumatic brain injury remains the most severe type of injury with the highest rate of fatality. Yet, its injury biomechanics remains the least understood. Ballistic injury biomechanics studies have been mostly focused on the trunk and extremities using large gelatin blocks with unconstrained boundaries [1, 2]. Results from these investigations are not directly applicable to brain injuries studies because the human head is smaller and the soft brain is enclosed in a relatively rigid cranium. Thali et al. developed a “skin-skull-brain” model to reproduce gunshot wounds to the head for forensic purposes [3]. These studies focused on wound morphology to the skull rather than brain injury. Watkins et al. used human dry skulls filled with gelatin and investigated temporary cavities and pressure change [4]. However, the frame rate of the cine X-ray was too slow to describe the cavity dynamics, and pressures were only quantified at the center of skull. In addition, the ordnance gelatin used in these studies is not the most suitable simulant to model brain material because of differences in dynamic moduli [5]. Sylgard gel (Dow Corning Co., Midland, MI) demonstrates similar behavior as the brain and has been used as a brain surrogate to determine brain deformations under blunt impact loading [6, 7]. Zhang et al. used the simulant for ballistic brain injury and investigated the correlation between temporary cavity pulsation and pressure change [8, 9]. However, the skulls used in these models were not as rigid as the human cranium. The presence of a stronger cranial bone may significantly decrease the projectile velocity and change the kinematics of cavity and pressure distribution in the cranium. In addition, projectiles perforated through the models in these studies. Patients with through-and-through perforating gunshot wounds to the head have a greater fatality rate than patients with non-exit penetrating wounds [10]. Therefore, it is more clinically relevant to investigate non-exit ballistic traumatic brain injuries. Consequently, the current study is designed to investigate the brain injury biomechanics from non-exit penetrating projectile using an appropriately sized and shaped physical head model.
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CHIRVA, Y. V., and M. I. BABICH. "TREATMENT OF DEFECTS IN BONES AND SOFT TISSUE WOUNDS IN VICTIMS WITH INJURIES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES BY THE METHOD OF SEQUENTIAL OSTEOSYNTHESIS." In Проблемы и вопросы современной науки. Научно-Издательский Центр Международной Объединенной Академии Наук (НИЦ МОАН), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/pivsn-18.
Hinz, Brandon J., and Karim H. Muci-Küchler. "Study of Air Flow Into Ballistic Wounds Using Flow Visualization Experiments and Numerical Simulations." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88106.
A common type of battlefield injury involves high speed fragments of different sizes and shapes hitting the human body, particularly the extremities. Gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in those injuries can result in better strategies for providing medical care. One aspect that still requires additional research is the contamination of ballistic wounds. Studies published in the open literature have shown that in perforating projectile wounds airborne debris such as skin, cloth, and soil particles are introduced into the wound by either the projectile or by the suction created due to the formation of the temporary wound cavity. These debris can transport bacteria resulting in infection, delayed wound healing, or other complications. The amount of suction and ultimately the bacteria distribution in ballistic wounds can vary depending on parameters such as projectile velocity, caliber, mass, and location of injury. Numerical models can be used to study the influence of various parameters on the suction effect but experimental data is needed to validate the simulation results. This paper presents an experiment developed to provide an initial evaluation of numerical models of the air flow and suction effect in perforating projectile wounds. The experiment used rectangular prism (cuboid) targets made of ballistic gelatin which is a common soft-tissue surrogate material used in ballistic research. These targets were shot with 11.43 mm (0.45 in) caliber round lead projectiles fired from air rifles at approximately 230 m/s. The air flow into the temporary cavity of the tissue surrogate targets was visualized using a vapor curtain placed at the projectile entry location. A high speed digital camera captured the movement of the vapor curtain and the formation of the temporary wound cavity during the tests. To simulate the experiment, a Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) model was run using Abaqus/Explicit. In the model, the mechanical behavior of the soft-tissue surrogate target was represented using a hyper-elastic constitutive relation. A small pre-made cylindrical channel was added to the targets to avoid using techniques such as element erosion or considering material failure when modeling the passage of the projectile through the material. Qualitative and limited quantitative results from the model were compared with the results from the laboratory tests.
Reports on the topic "Wounds and injuries":
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Potter, Benjamin K. Serum and Exudate Calcitonin Precursors as Predictors of Wound Infection and Dehiscence in Wartime Penetrating Injuries. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada569539.
Potter, Benjamin K. Serum and Exudate Calcitonin Precursors as Predictors of Wound Infection and Dehiscence in Wartime Penetrating Injuries. Addendum. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada569442.
Christensen, Eric, Candace Hill, Pat Netzer, DeAnn Farr, Elizabeth Schaefer, and Joyce McMahon. Economic Impact on Caregivers of the Seriously Wounded, Ill, and Injured. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada499838.
Berdiqulov, Aziz. ECMI Minorities Blog. Is Uzbekistan Not Ready to Let It Go? Unrest in Karakalpakstan. European Centre for Minority Issues, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/kpsa1020.
In July 2022, unprecedented demonstrations took place in Uzbekistan’s Autonomous Republic of Karakalpakstan. These demonstrations followed proposed constitutional amendments which would remove Karakalpakstan’s right to freely secede from the Uzbek Republic. Thousands of Karakalpaks joined together for peaceful demonstrations to protest against the changes concerning their homeland. Tashkent reacted in line with what seems to have become a Central Asian formula: military troops were sent to suppress the demonstrations, which led to multiple deaths and injuries; the Internet was shut down; curfews were introduced; and checkpoints were set up around the region. The President of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, came to Karakalpakstan to promise that its status would not change as the proposed amendments would be removed. The probability of Karakalpakstan seceding through a referendum remains low: it is the poorest region of Uzbekistan, and Karakalpaks are not even the majority of the population there. However, the status and the right to secede seem to play a significant symbolic role to the Karakalpak people, as their quick and coordinated mobilisation has shown.
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Dahl, Kristina, and Rachel Licker. Too Hot to Work: Assessing the Threats Climate Change Poses to Outdoor Workers. Union of Concerned Scientists, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47923/2021.14236.
Outdoor workers face severe risks from extreme heat—risks that will increasingly threaten the health and livelihood of tens of millions of outdoor workers in the United States as climate change makes dangerously hot days more frequent and intense. With economic and legal systems that routinely discount their lives and safety, workers who experience heat-related injuries or illnesses on the job have little to no recourse. By midcentury, with no action to reduce global warming emissions, an estimated $37.1 billion in outdoor workers’ earnings would be at risk annually due to extreme heat. Even with bold action to limit emissions, outdoor workers will face severe and rising risks from extreme heat. Policymakers and employers must take actions to protect outdoor workers.
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Chiavassa, Nathalie, and Raphael Dewez. Technical Note on Road Safety in Haiti. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003250.
The IDB has been a predominant partner supporting Haiti development efforts for many years. Nowadays, the IDB is the main source of investment for the country. Considering the vital weight of road transport sector in the socio-economy of the country, the IDB has concentrated a large part of investment efforts in rehabilitating and improving national road infrastructures. In the same time, a rapid increase of motorization and relatively higher speeds have contributed to increasing the number of traffic fatalities and injuries. In 2017, road injuries were the fifth cause of mortality in Haiti. The Road Safety situation of the country is preoccupying with many Vulnerable Road Users involved, in particular pedestrians and motorcyclists. The country is facing multi-sector challenges to address this Road Safety situation. Despite recent efforts, high political will has not been continuous in promoting a multi-sector coordination and the success of technical efforts remained mitigated over the last years. Road user awareness is still weak in the country. Risk factors include dangerous driving, bad safety conditions of vehicles, together with limited law enforcement and poor maintenance of safety devices on the roads. In this context, the Road Safety situation of the country may be getting worse in the coming years if no action is taken. However, the new Decade provides with a unique opportunity to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) including significant progress in reducing the burden of traffic crashes. The IDB has already initiated vital investments in modernizing crash data collection, promoting institutional dialogue and supporting capacity building in the area of Road Safety. Future actions to address Road Safety challenges in Haiti in the framework of the five UN five pillars would require a range of investments in the area of political commitment, institutional coordination and technical efforts. A change of political paradigm from making roads for travelling faster to making roads safer for all users is highly needed at national level. This technical note on Road Safety in Haiti present the current situation of the country and provides with recommendations for future actions on Road Safety.
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Regan, Jack, and Robin Zevotek. Study of the Fire Service Training Environment: Safety and Fidelity in Concrete Live Fire Training Buildings. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/wxtw8877.
The goal of fire service training is to prepare students for the conditions and challenges that they face on the fireground. Among the challenges that firefighters routinely face on the fireground are ventilation-controlled fires. The hazard of these fires has been highlighted by several line-of-duty deaths and injuries in which a failure to understand the fire dynamics produced by these fires has been a contributing factor. The synthetic fuels that commonly fill contemporary homes tend to result in ventilation-controlled conditions. While synthetic fuels are common on the residential fireground, the fuels that firefighters use for fire training are more often representative of natural, wood-based fuels. In order to better understand the fire dynamics of these training fires, a series of experiments was conducted in a concrete live fire training building in an effort to evaluate the fidelity and safety of two training fuels, pallets and OSB, and compare the fire dynamics created by these fuels to those created by a fuel load representative of a living room set with furniture items with a synthetic components. Additionally, the effects of the concrete live fire training building on the fire dynamics were examined. The two training fuel loads were composed of wooden pallets and straw, and pallets, straw, and oriented strand board (OSB). The results indicated that the high leakage area of the concrete live fire training building relative to the fuel load prevented the training fuel packages from becoming ventilation-controlled and prevented the furniture package from entering a state of oxygen-depleted decay. The furniture experiments progressed to flashover once ventilation was provided. Under the conditions tested, the wood based fuels, combined with the construction features of this concrete live fire training building, limited the ability to teach ventilation-controlled fire behavior and the associated firefighting techniques. Additionally, it was shown that the potential for thermal injury to firefighters participating in a training evolution existed well below thresholds where firefighter PPE would be damaged.
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Slip-resistant shoes would prevent injuries among NHS workers. National Institute for Health Research, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/alert_46927.
This report prepared by an Asia–Pacific Road Safety Observatory (APRSO) taskforce analyzes how improving crash and accident data collection can better protect lives on the region’s roads. It looks at the type of data countries should prioritize and explains why bolstering data quality would help reach targets of halving road injuries and deaths. APRSO recommends collecting aggregated data to analyze trends and set strategic priorities. In presenting a sample questionnaire for countries, it shows that generating robust data and analysis is key to improving actions and policies on road safety for the region.
