Dissertations / Theses: 'Wound'

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Honaker, Jeremy Seth. "Predictors of wound healing in lower extremity wounds." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1491492683015683.

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Coutin, Julia Viviana. "Cefazolin Concentration in Surgically Created Wounds Treated with Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Compared to Surgically Created Wounds Treated with Nonadherent Wound Dressings." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49112.

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Our objective was to compare cefazolin concentrations in biopsied tissue samples collected from surgically created wounds treated with negative pressure wound therapy to those collected from surgically created wounds treated with nonadherent dressings. The study design was a prospective, controlled, experimental study. The animal population included 12 female spayed beagles. We hypothesized there would be a difference between the cefazolin concentrations of wounds treated with negative pressure wound therapy when compared to the cefazolin concentrations of wounds treated with nonadherent dressings. Surgical methods were as follows: Full thickness cutaneous wounds were created on each antebrachium (n=24). Following surgery, cefazolin (22 mg/kg) was administered intravenously to each of the dogs and continued every 8 hours during the study. The right wound was randomly assigned to group I or group II while the wound on the contralateral antebrachium was assigned to the other group. Group I wounds were treated with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and group II wounds were treated with nonadherent dressings for 3 days. Dressings were changed and tissue biopsies obtained from wound beds at 24-hour intervals for both groups. Cefazolin wound tissue and plasma concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Blood samples for measuring plasma cefazolin concentrations were collected prior to biopsy sampling. At the time of surgery and at each bandage change, wound beds were swabbed and submitted for aerobic and anaerobic culture. Our results revealed that after initiating cefazolin treatment, wound tissue antibiotic concentrations between treatment groups were not significantly different at any sampling time. Similarly, after initiating cefazolin treatment, plasma cefazolin concentrations were not significantly different at any sampling time for individual dogs. We concluded that using a canine experimental model, NPWT treatment of surgically created wounds does not statistically impact cefazolin tissue concentrations when compared to conventional nonadherent bandage therapy
Master of Science

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Weber, Sonja A. "Electrical Characterisation of Wounds and Stimulation of Wound Healing." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516428.

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Ou, Jingxing. "Chronic wound state associated with cytoskeletal defects and exacerbated by oxidative stress in Pax6+/- aniridia-related keratopathy." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25200.

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5

Adams, Titus Sam Turner. "Topical negative pressure therapy in wound healing : a research tool to study neutrophil-mediated wound pathophysiology in acute dermal wounds." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/02226e50-d53c-40e4-a38a-cede0dc8161f.

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Topical Negative Pressure therapy is in widespread use in the management of acute and chronic cutaneous wounds. The mechanisms of action are not fully understood, but are likely to be multifactorial. Experience of this therapy is based on a number of clinical series, case reports and some animal studies. There is a lack of direct evidence to determine its mechanisms of action and to support its clinical efficacy in human wound healing. This problem stems partly from difficulties in applying selective negative pressure to open exudative wounds. A new approach was required in applying this technology to wound surfaces in consenting patients. This thesis describes the design and validation of 'standard' and 'irrigation' devices that were used to apply Topical Negative Pressure to one part of a wound thus allowing intra-patient control. As a novel research tool, the irrigation device provided an opportunity to collect wound fluid from the surface of the wound for biochemical analysis. Paired wound biopsies of Topical Negative Pressure treated and control wounds were obtained. This thesis has demonstrated that Topical Negative Pressure (with intermittent suction) modulated the acute donor site wound and partial thickness burn wound during the first 48 hours of injury, by altering the distribution of inflammatory neutrophils in the dermis. Using a cycle of periods of suction-on and suction-off, Topical Negative Pressure increased the removal of Neutrophil Elastase from the wound during suction, in addition to its endogenous plasma-derived inhibitor, a1-Protease Inhibitor. Using this new device on human wounds has provided a means of understanding mechanisms in Topical Negative Pressure therapy, and has demonstrated its use as a research tool in the collection and analysis of wound fluid

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Coetzee, Francois. "A survey of wound care knowledge in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97230.

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Abstract Chronic wounds afflict millions worldwide, incurring significant health care costs and chronic suffering. Clinicians are often unsure about treatment, resulting in poor outcomes. Objective To determine the scope of knowledge possessed by fifth year medical students, general practitioners (GP’s) and surgical registrars, concerning chronic wound management. Design Cross sectional study Methods Deans of eight South African medical schools received letters requesting information regarding time devoted to wound-care training. Knowledge-based questionnaires were distributed to final-year students at two universities, surgical registrars at three universities and general practitioners attending refresher courses. Result. Four medical schools replied, of whom only two offered formal teaching. 162 medical students, 45 GP’s and 47 surgical registrars completed questionnaires. The overall median (25th–75th percentiles) knowledge scores for registrars, GP’s and students were 65%;(55%–70%), 55%;(45%–65%) and 45%;(35%–50%) respectively. Whereas the scores of registrars and GP’s did not differ, the student scores were significantly less. Only 32% of registrars and 18% of GP’s attained scores of 70% or more. 96% considered training to be inadequate. Interest in wound-care was only mild to moderate, with more GP’s than registrars requesting literature. Conclusions Very little, if any training on chronic wounds is offered in South Africa. The levels of knowledge cannot be considered adequate for successful treatment, nor for teaching to undergraduates. This preliminary study cannot reflect the attitudes and knowledge throughout the country; however it is clear that there is a need for improved education about these conditions that have huge clinical and economic consequences.

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Guzman, Jennifer Ty-De. "The Impact of Advanced Wound Care to Chronic Wound." Thesis, Brandman University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10637676.

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This project was a non-experimental retrospective study to evaluate the impact of advanced wound care among patients with chronic wounds in home health. The Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool (BWAT) was selected to measure the healing rate. The collection of the wound status continuum scores using the BWAT were utilized throughout the study using convenience sampling of the participants. Demographical information, baseline outcome measure and secondary outcome measures were extracted from chart review. A baseline outcome measure (pre-intervention wound status continuum scores) were collected before initiation of advanced wound care. A second outcome measure (post-intervention wound status continuum scores) were collected after the advanced wound nurse practitioner (AWNP) initiated advanced wound care. Healing rate as indicated in the wound status continuum scores were collected before and after initiation of advanced wound care treatment. The differences in wound status continuum score before and after the introduction of advanced wound care were documented. The study showed statistically significant differences, at the .05 significance level, in pre-intervention to post-intervention scores for healing rate using BWAT (wound status continuum score). Results show on average, the score on BWAT (wound status continuum) was 9.52 points lower after initiation of advanced wound care. The implementation of evidence-based guidelines, such as advanced wound care program results in increased wound healing, decreased complications and recurrence rates, efficient use of health services and cost-effectiveness of care. Keywords: chronic wounds, advanced wound care, cost-effectiveness, wound healing, Jennifer Ty

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Isotupa, Christine. "PTSD as a social wound, do social wounds require social healing?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ51201.pdf.

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Pu, Tianyun. "A dressing solution for burn wounds: antibacterial and low-adherent wound dressings." Wiley, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/9815.

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Considering the infection and second trauma caused by dressing changes, development of antibacterial and low-adherent wound dressings is urgently needed. Silver ion is a widely used antimicrobial agent, but its cytotoxicity remains a problem. In this study, low-adherent PAM (polyacrylamide) hydrogel incorporated with less toxic AgNP (silver nanoparticle), was immobilized onto PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) substrates by an IPN (interpenetrating polymer network) method. The modified PET is effectively antibacterial and the surface is significantly less adherent than untreated PET. However, silver-resistant bacteria become a potential problem. Thus, ionic 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH) analogues containing either a quaternary ammonium moiety or a phosphonate functional group were designed and synthesized. The DMH analogues were converted to antibacterial N-chloramine counterparts through chlorination to serve as potential alternatives to AgNP. The N-chloramine with a structural cation exhibited distinctly enhanced antibacterial functions both in solution and after immobilization on fabrics.

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Dale, Paul David. "Time heals all wounds? : mathematical models of epithelial and dermal wound healing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:aaa4717f-a115-4a34-bb03-d64ce81841d9.

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The mechanisms responsible for the healing of corneal surface wounds are the subject of biological controversy. In particular, the role and source of the regulatory chemical epidermal growth factor (EGF) is an area of intense debate. In the first part of this thesis, we propose a reaction-diffusion model which focuses on the stimulus for increased mitotic and migratory activity due to secretion of EGF. A detailed numerical study of various possible models, with parameter values based on biological data, reveals that, for realistic healing times, EGF must be released by the underlying layers of the cornea, in addition to the tear film source. The model exhibits travelling wave solutions and further analysis elucidates the interaction and role of the parameters in determining the speed of healing. Furthermore, we consider the effect of topical application of EGF and investigate the effect of curvature of the eye. We show that our model is consistent with many of the key features of corneal wound healing. Adult dermal wounds, in contrast to foetal wounds, heal with the formation of scar tissue. A crucial factor in determining the nature of the healed tissue is the ratio of collagen 1 to collagen 3, which indicates the fibril diameter. We develop a reaction-diffusion model which focuses on the stimulus for collagen synthesis due to the secretion of the different isoforms of the regulatory chemical transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). Numerical simulations of the model without diffusion lead to a value of this ratio consistent with that of healthy tissue for the foetus but corresponding to scarring in the adult. The model equations evolve to waves moving into the wound, but addition of TGFβ only has a transient effect on the final collagen levels. We investigate this effect by developing a caricature model. The model indicates that the main source of the fibroblasts is the underlying subcutaneous tissue and we determine key parameters which explain the difference between adult and foetal wound healing. Furthermore we make clinically testable predictions on the effects that topical application of various chemicals will have on scar formation.

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Doshi, Anuja. "Topical Phenytoin Effects on Palatal Wound Healing." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1563487879484746.

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Pawar, Harshavardhan Vilasrao. "Development and characterisation of medicated wound dressings for chronic wound healing." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2013. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/11952/.

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Chronic wounds are difficult to heal and exhibit physiological features including prolonged inflammatory phase, mixed bacterial flora resistance and formation of biofilms, ineffectiveness of topical antimicrobials and high volumes of wound exudate. Polymeric gels of Polyox (POL) and blends of POL with carrageenan (CAR), chitosan (CS), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and sodium alginate (SA) in different weight ratios were used to prepare films by the solvent casting technique and evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR). The same gels were analysed using DSC to develop an optimum lyophilisation cycle with or without an annealing step to obtain freeze dried wafers of POL-CAR and POL-SA. Films prepared from POL were non-transparent and showed spherulitic crystallisation, however POL blends with CAR and SA (75/25 and 50/50 weight ratios respectively) showed improved flexibility and transparency with reduced spherulitic crystallisation (i.e. homogeneous surface) through hydrogen bonding between POL and/or CAR and SA. Addition of annealing step -25°C resulted in formulations with porous surface morphology for both POL-CAR and POL-SA wafers. Annealing (wafers) and addition of glycerol (GLY) (films) resulted in improved mechanical properties expected to withstand the mechanical stresses occurring during day-to-day activities and whilst flexible enough to prevent potential damage to newly formed tissue. Tough and flexible films were obtained by the addition of 9%w/w and 20% w/w GLY in POL-SA and POL-CAR respectively. Further, the POL-CAR and POL-SA films and wafers were loaded with 5-15%w/w of diclofenac (DLF) and 15-30% w/w of streptomycin (STP). Furthermore POL-CAR and POL-SA blank (BLK) and drug loaded (DL) films and wafers were analysed for swelling, mucoadhesion (in presence of normal and viscous simulated wound fluid), in vitro drug dissolution and anti-bacterial activity and compared against marketed medicated wound dressings. Addition of drug (STP and DLF) resulted in fair transparency of films and decreased porosity of wafers with existence of sodium sulphate which affected general performance of the films and wafers in terms of swelling, mucoadhesion, and antimicrobial activity. BLK plasticised (GLY) films and BLK annealed wafers showed higher swelling capacities compared to DL films and wafers. Neither DL films nor wafers showed 100 % release of the incorporated STP and DLF due to the formation of sodium sulphate which reduced hydration. Findings also showed that POL-SA films and wafers were effective against normal exudate whereas POL-CAR films and wafers were effective for viscous exudate to achieve better bioavailability and prolonged retention time. Multivariate data analysis of mucoadhesion showed slower rate of mucin diffusion into POL-CAR films and wafers compared to POL-SA films and wafers. The formulated films, wafers and marketed dressing showed antibacterial efficacy against 105 CFU/ml of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli. STP and DLF present in both films and wafers acted synergistically and showed better antimicrobial activity than marketed dressings. Film dressing allows ease of application and due to fair transparency and flexibility whereas wafer dressings are useful to control exudate and both can maintain a moist environment. Combination of STP and DLF within a single dressing is expected to help to treat and prevent wound infections whereas DLF can help to relieve pain and inflammation associated with injury.

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Cook, Julian. "Mathematical models for dermal wound healing : wound contraction and scar formation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6756.

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Hsu, Chiao-Wen Ivy. "Serpina3n accelerates wound closure in a murine model of diabetic wound healing." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50361.

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Chronic, non-healing wounds are a major complication of diabetes and are characterized by chronic inflammation and excessive protease activity. While once thought to function primarily as a pro-apoptotic serine protease, granzyme B (GzmB) can also accumulate in the extracellular matrix during chronic inflammation and cleave extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that are essential for proper wound healing, including fibronectin. We hypothesized that GzmB contributes to the pathogenesis of impaired diabetic wound healing through excessive degradation of the ECM. In the first part of the thesis, we demonstrated that the majority of GzmB was secreted by mast cells and localized in the wound edges and granulation tissues of completely reepithelialized diabetic mouse wounds at higher levels. Subsequently, we observed that GzmB induced detachment of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and also showed that co-incubation with a mouse serine protease inhibitor, serpina3n (SA3N), abrogated this effect. Finally, we administered SA3N to diabetic mouse wounds and found that wound closure including both reepithelialization and contraction were significantly increased in wounds treated with SA3N. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses of the SA3N-treated wounds revealed a more mature, proliferative granulation tissue phenotype as indicated by increased cells with proliferative activity, vascularization, contractile myofibroblasts, as well as collagen deposition in remodeling tissues. Skin homogenates from SA3N-treated wounds also exhibited greater levels of full-length intact fibronectin when compared to control wounds. In summary, our findings suggested that GzmB contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic wound healing through the proteolytic cleavage of fibronectin that are essential for normal wound closure, and that inhibition of GzmB can promote granulation tissue maturation and collagen deposition. These results offer preliminary evidence that a GzmB inhibitor may be a relevant therapeutic target in wound management therapy.
Medicine, Faculty of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of
Graduate

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Errington, Rachel J. "In vitro wound healing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357419.

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Zhang, Yi. "Wound responses in arabidopsis." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502215.

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Environmental stresses, such as repeated injury by herbivory, stunt plant growth and reduce crop yield. A spectacular example of this effect is exemplified in ornamental bonsai plants. Wounding induces the synthesis of a plant hormone, jasmonates (JAs), which in turn activate non-specific defence against pests and pathogens. On the other hand, a most dramatic effect of the application of jasmonates to plant however is the inhibition of growth, and this raised the question of whether another function of endogenous jasmonates is to inhibit growth. The results presented in this thesis first demonstrated that a previous wounding primes plants to give an enhanced response to following wounds. Following this discovery, I have investigated the genetic and physiological basis of "bonsai effect" by repeatedly wounding leaves of the model plant Arabidopsis. Repeated wounding reduced the size of wild type plants by 50% and increased the endogenous content of jasmonate (JA) by seven-fold, but unexpectedly had no significant effect on the mutants unable to synthesise JA, or unable to respond to JA. This second discovery suggests another function of endogenous JA is to inhibit growth under stress.

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Brickell, Laura. "Wound signalling Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286054.

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Hill, Gemma. "The urothelial wound response." Thesis, University of York, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416213.

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Underdown, Mary Jane. "Antioxidants and Wound Healing." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/65.

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Neutrophils and cytokines present during an inflammatory response produce oxidants, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS). These oxidants act as free radicals, a highly reactive species that steal electrons from nearby molecules to satisfy their valence electron needs. The removal of electrons by free radicals produces damage within the healthy cells of tissue. Antioxidants can be used to reduce this oxidative stress and reestablish the necessary environment for wound healing by donating electrons to the free radicals, sparing the damaging effects oxidation causes to other molecules. The standard procedure for administering supplemental antioxidants is through enteral delivery. However, the inflammation and vascular damage experienced with a burn wound produces a notable decrease in the blood profusion to the damaged tissues. In contrast, this research focuses on a topical antioxidant treatment applied directly to the surface of the wound. By applying the gel topically, a higher concentration of antioxidants will be able to permeate the damaged tissue and quench enough free radicals to provide a therapeutic effect. Additionally, the gel developed by this research is comprised of a large percentage of Vitamin E-TPGS. This is a product capable of stabilizing moisture at the wound site; drawing fluid from the moist center and redistributing it to the drier perimeters of the wound. It is hypothesized the need for surgical debridement may decrease as a result of use of this topical application. Antioxidants often referred to in literature discussing nutrition and wound care include the following: Vitamin E, α-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin C, Grape Seed Extract, Coenzyme Q10, Glutathione, and Lutein. These antioxidants were incorporated into a gel formula, using a factorial method, based on their antioxidant potential as evidenced by the existing literature. In order to identify the most effective combination of these antioxidants, one-, two-, three-, four-, and five-component antioxidant gels representing every combination of the test antioxidants were produced. This resulted in a compilation of 35 gels for comparison. Each gel was tested on the basis of viscosity, pH, and antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant capacity was determined using the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Plasma (FRAP) Assay, a spectrophotometric evaluation. A three-antioxidant gel composed of α-Lipoic Acid, Coenzyme Q10, and Mixed Tocopherols (with and without micronized silver) was chosen as the final formulation. The storage stability of the final formulation was then evaluated once per week (over a total of 7 weeks) by measuring changes in pH, viscosity, and FRAP assay. In collaboration with Dr. Joseph Molnar at Wake Forest School of Medicine, an animal model trial will be conducted in the Spring Semester 2013 to determine the viability of the gel in comparison to a negative control and silver sulfadiazine, the current standard treatment protocol.

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Hong, Sung-Ha. "Development of a wound dressing for detection of bacteria with wound healing properties." Thesis, University of Bath, 2013. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619143.

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There has been a significant increase in children’s burns in the past several years and figures indicate that children suffer more burns compared to any other age groups. The main concern following a burn is the possibility of infections. The aim of this project is to construct a unique wound dressing, which enhances healing and stimulates wound closure by incorporation of collagen, as well as signalling the presence of pathogenic bacteria on colonisation. The process of signalling bacterial colonisation was achieved by incorporation of a phospholipid based nanocapsule, with a colourimetric response and a mechanism for release of a dye. This research invested into finding the optimum phospholipid composition to obtain a stable and sensitive system. The signalling device uses the biomimetic aspect of vesicles to signal the presence of pathogenic bacteria via the effect of secreted toxins on the sensor interface. The modified phospholipid based sensors were immobilised into gel matrices and further developed to produce prototype dressings. The healing enhancing property was achieved by a thin layer of collagen coating. This work presents the results obtained from the initial modification process of the sensor, to incorporation of the vesicles into gel matrices through to development of First and Second Generation Prototype dressings. Verification of stability and sensitivity of the vesicles was carried out following each stage of development, using clinically isolated strains of pathogenic bacteria. Initial cytotoxicity and verification of the wound healing property was achieved by in vitro cell assays.

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Khathide, Bongai. "Assessing modified chitosan wound dressings to enhance wound healing in the porcine model." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75685.

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Dressings enhancing wound healing can improve the outcome of wounds where tissue replacement is required, like for burns and ulcers. Treatment of these wounds is complex due to their depth and excessive tissue loss. Replacement of the lost tissue and delivery of growth factors could enhance healing and reduce scarring. The natural biomaterial; chitosan is reported to bind growth factors, with reduced wound healing times when used in dressings. This study aimed to modify chitosan into a wound dressing filler that would optimise growth factor delivery to full-thickness wounds and overall reduce healing times with minimum scarring. Lipophilic modified chitosan was chemically synthesised by addition of different percentages (10%, 20%, and 34%) of lauric acid residues into three lauroyl chitosan (LCs) derivatives (LCs10, LCs20, LCs34). Lauric acid was the fatty acid of choice due to its superior antimicrobial properties among the saturated fatty acids.1 The loading densities selected were based on commonly used concentration ranges as found in literature. The three derivatives were then characterised using Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Thereafter, swelling tests and water drop shape analysis followed to assess the physical characteristics of the derivatives. Cytotoxicity/proliferation assays using primary fibroblasts and sulphorhodamine-B for cell enumeration were performed followed by a preliminary skin sensitivity test. The acid phophatase assay was used to measure platelet adhesion while the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measured the release profile of platelet derived growth factor AB (PDGF-AB) over 24 hr. These assays assisted with determining which derivative had the optimum lauric acid loading density for wound healing. After determining the derivative with the optimum loading density, porcine collagen was extracted from skin and added to the selected LCs derivative at the ratio 1:4 to make a wound filler paste that would increase cellular ingrowth. Wound healing studies using LCs10 enriched with collagen fibres (Co/LCs10) alone and with platelet-rich plasma (Co/LCs10/PRP) as dressing material were performed using the porcine full skin thickness wound healing protocol. Finally, histological analysis of the cellular events taking place in the wounds at different stages of healing were done using the Haematoxylin and Eosin and the Masson’s Trichrome stains. Evidently, the FT-IR and NMR, displayed successful modification of chitosan with the lauric acid side chains with a visible aliphatic group in both spectra. Comparison of the LCs derivatives to the underivatized chitosan using the drop shape analysis, showed increased contact angles with increased hydrophobicity. It appeared that as the molar concentration of lauric acid increased, the contact angle also increased. In the swelling tests, LCs34 had the highest swelling capacity. Results from the in vitro assays showed that hydrophobic modification of chitosan reduced the adhesion capacity of platelets to chitosan as the lauric acid density on the underivatized chitosan increased. Cytotoxicity assays indicated that neither LCs nor chitosan were toxic to primary fibroblast cells, with the LCs34 significantly (43%) promoting fibroblast proliferation compared to the control. A preliminary skin sensitivity test comparing LCs34 to chitosan showed that LCs34 was compatible with human skin. From the ELISA study the LCs10 sample exhibited a sustained release of growth factors over 24 hr compared to both chitosan and collagen. Consequently, the LCs10 derivative was then selected for further analysis and for final analysis in the wound study. Sixteen full-thickness skin wounds were thereafter made along the dorsum of each of four pigs with two treatments and a control (Jelonet®) randomly applied as dressing material: Co/LCs10, Co/LCs10/PRP and the Jelonet® treatment. The differences in wound healing were observed with biopsies taken at 3-day intervals over 21 days. By the 12th day, all wounds had completely healed with little scarring. The Co/LCs10/PRP dressing significantly induced haemostasis, wound contraction and accelerated wound closure and healing from the wound bed. Results from histological examinations demonstrated advanced granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition and epithelialisation in the wounds treated with Co/LCs10/PRP. This study therefore revealed that hydrophobically modified chitosan at 10% loading density provided a wound dressing material that allowed sustained growth factor release. The Co/LCs10/PRP dressing also demonstrated that it was an improved wound dressing due to acceleration of wound healing, promotion of fibroblast proliferation with increased collagen deposition and minimal scarring. These materials may significantly reduce healing times of full-thickness wounds and should be studied further in in vivo models.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
National Research Foundation of South Africa
Pharmacology
PhD (Pharmacology)
Unrestricted

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Karlsson, Lena, and Susanne Asteberg. "Undertrycksbehandling hos diabetiker med fotsår." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-37785.

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Introduktion: Sjuksköterskor idag står inför en växande patientgrupp med diabetes, som har svårläkta fotsår. Patienterna finns i alla vårdformer som primärvård, specialistvård och kommunal hälso- och sjukvård. För att patienten ska kunna upprätthålla en god livskvalitet och ett bra socialt liv krävs det en säker och snabb sårläkning. Syfte: Arbetets syfte var att beskriva vad som påverkar sårläkning hos patienter med diabetes och svårläkt fotsår, vid undertrycksbehandling. Metod: Denna litteraturstudie har utgått ifrån Polit och Becks (2012) niostegsmodell. Sökningarna har gjorts i CINAHL och PubMed. Kvalitetsgranskning gjordes som resulterade i tio kvantitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarnas resultatdel analyserades och grupperades utifrån syftet och efter gemensamma områden. Resultat: Resultatet i litteraturstudien delades in i två kategorier: sårstatus och behandlingstid. I resultatet framkom att undertrycksbehandling sågs som mer effektiv behandlingsmetod än konventionell fuktighetsbevarande sårbehandling. Volym och sårdjup minskade mer effektivt vid undertrycksbehandling än med konventionell fuktig sårbehandling. Slutsats: Litteraturstudien visar att undertrycksbehandling kan bidra till snabbare sårläkning hos diabetiker med svårläkt fotsår. Alla studier valde mätvärden som storlek, djup och typ av vävnad för att beskriva sårstatus. Behandlingstiden varierade i studierna. Det visade sig även att det vetenskapliga underlaget var begränsat.

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Shen, Yue. "Plasminogen : a novel inflammatory regulator that promotes wound healing." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk kemi och biofysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-68755.

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The plasminogen activator (PA) system has been shown to be intimately involved in wound healing. However, the role of this system in the initiation and resolution of inflammation during healing process remained to be determined. The aims of this thesis were to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between the PA system and the inflammatory system during wound healing and to explore the therapeutic potential of plasminogen in various wound-healing models. The role of plasminogen in the inflammatory phase of the healing process of acute and diabetic wounds was studied first. Our data showed that administration of additional plasminogen to wild-type mice accelerates the healing of acute wounds. After injury, both endogenous and exogenous plasminogen are bound to inflammatory cells and are transported to the wound site, which leads to activation of inflammatory cells. In diabetic db/db mice, wound-specific accumulation of plasminogen does not take place and the inflammatory response is impaired. However, when additional plasminogen is injected, plasminogen accumulates in the wound, the inflammatory response is enhanced, the signal transduction cascade is activated and the healing rate is significantly increased. These results indicate that administration of plasminogen may be a novel therapeutic strategy to treat different types of wounds, especially chronic wounds in diabetes. The role of plasminogen at the later stage of wound healing was also studied in plasminogen-deficient mice. Our data showed that even if re-epithelialization is achieved in these mice, a prolonged inflammatory phase with abundant neutrophil accumulation and persistent fibrin deposition is observed at the wound site. These results indicate that plasminogen is also essential for the later phases of wound healing by clearing fibrin and resolving inflammation. The functional role of two physiological PAs during wound healing was further studied in a tympanic membrane (TM) wound-healing model. Our data showed that the healing process was clearly delayed in urokinase-type PA (uPA)-deficient mice but not in tissue-type PA (tPA)-deficient mice. Less pronounced keratinocyte migration, abundant neutrophil accumulation and persistent fibrin deposition were observed in uPA-deficient mice. These results indicate that uPA plays a central role in the generation of plasmin during the healing of TM perforations. Finally the therapeutic potential of plasminogen in the TM wound-healing model was studied. Our data showed that local injection of plasminogen restores the ability to heal TM perforations in plasminogen-deficient mice in a dose-dependent manner. Plasminogen supplementation also potentiates healing of acute TM perforations in wild-type mice, independent of the administration method used. A single local injection of plasminogen in plasminogen-deficient mice can initiate healing of chronic TM perforations resulting in a closed TM with a continuous but rather thick outer keratinocyte layer. Three plasminogen injections lead to a completely healed TM with a thin keratinizing squamous epithelium covering a connective tissue layer that can start to reorganize and further mature to its normal appearance. In conclusion, our results suggest that plasminogen is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of chronic TM perforations in humans. Taken together, our data indicate that plasminogen is a novel inflammatory regulator that promotes wound healing.

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Echefu, Nkechinyere Charity. "Improving Wound Healing with Just-in-Time Dietary Education for Patients with Chronic Wounds." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13866079.

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Purpose: The purpose of this project was to educate wound care patients from a rural wound care clinic about the importance of diet in healing chronic wounds. The aim of this Doctor of Nursing Practice project was to increase the patients’ knowledge of nutrition and its role in wound healing.

Background: Wounds become chronic if after three months the wounds fail to undergo appropriate systematic repair to produce purposeful reparations of the body tissues. Chronic wound patients constitute about 15% of the United States Medicare patients. Chronic wound conditions affect the quality of life of patients and take about $20 billion yearly from the national economy. The healing of wounds is the response of the natural body to an injury to restore the structure and function of the human body. The three primary essentials of wound healing are pressure relief and nursing care; dressings; and nutrition. Nutrition is essential in wound healing with macronutrients and micronutrients playing important roles in wound healing. The role of protein in the provision of the necessary components for tissue growth, cell repair and renewal make protein an essential component in all phases of wound healing.

As hospitals and healthcare professionals are considered the primary source of patient education for chronic wound management, it becomes necessary for hospitals to re-evaluate their patient education with emphasis on education delivery methods. In this project, the shift in emphasis was facilitated by the available information that identified Just-in-Time education method as an effective and efficient patient information delivery model. Adopting a Just-in-Time education model will promote the delivery of wound healing information to patients and also emphasize the importance of nutrition to wound healing. The project sought to determine whether using the Just-In-Time Teaching would help increase patient’s understanding of the importance of nutrition to chronic wound healing. The project used pretests and posttests to collect data from 13 chronic patients with chronic wounds in a rural hospital wound care center. The educational intervention was presented in PowerPoint. Results of the analysis show that the patients’ knowledge of the importance of nutrition to wound healing increased following the educational intervention.

Method: Patients 30- to 75-years old who have had a chronic wound for more than three months were invited to participate. The Model for Improvement guided this project in delivering the education and evaluating improvement in the nutrition knowledge of the participants using a pretest, educational presentation, and post-test design. The evidence-based educational intervention was created by the student in collaboration with providers at the site.

Outcomes Achieved: Data collection was conducted in one week and analyzed with Qualtrics. The analysis showed that there was an increase in the patients' knowledge of the role of nutrition in chronic wound healing as shown in the attached graph and tables.

Conclusion: The week-long implementation was successful in increasing nutritional knowledge among the participants. The result of this project provided some significant new information about the importance of education to patients with chronic wounds.

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Bolitho, Christine. "Studies of serum albumin in wound healing and endothelial apoptosis." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4712.

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Head, Cynthia C. "Hormonal regulation of cutaneous wound healing effect of androstenediol on stress-impaired wound healing /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1186957947.

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Santhanam, Ramya. "LOCALIZED WOUND HEALING: A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION ON COATED NANOFIBER WOUND DRESSINGS." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1147883471.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, 2006.
"May, 2006." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 12/03/2007) Advisor, S.I. Hariharan; Committee members, Daniel B. Sheffer, Narender P. Reddy; Department Chair, Daniel B. Sheffer; Dean of the College, George K. Haritos; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.

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Razzell, William. "Studies of wound inflammatory calcium signalling and mechanical forces during wound healing in drosophila." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627944.

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Our bodies are protected from the dangers of the external environment by barriers consisting of epithelial tissues . As such, epithelia are subject to damage which then exposes the body to pathogens and debris. To various degrees epithelial wounding occurs almost daily but without noticeable catastrophe. This is thanks to a specialised army of defense mechanisms including mobile innate immune cells that are rapidly recruited to sites of epithelial damage through alarm signals. Hydrogen peroxide has been recently identified as the earliest damage signal for recruiting innate immune cells to wound sites. The NADPH oxidase, DUOX is known to be responsible for generating the hydrogen peroxide wound attractant cue; but how DUOX is activated at the wound edge was not known. Here, I show that laser wounding the epidermis of Drosophila embryos triggers an instantaneous calcium wave that can travel, via gap junctions, several cell rows back from the wound edge. Blocking this calcium flash results in less hydrogen peroxide synthesis at wounds and fewer hemocytes being recruited to the wound site. I show that the wound triggered calcium wave stimulates DUOX to synthesise hydrogen peroxide through DUOX's calcium binding EF hands. Therefore, calcium influx represents the earliest known step in the wound inflammatory pathway. As well as recruiting innate immune cells , wounds in epithelia must be repaired to restore homeostasis of the tissue. Wound edge cells assemble an actomyosin "pursestring" that contracts the wound margin, and filopodia that knit the wound edges together. Many studies have focussed on these actin machineries at the leading edge of front row cells that recapitulate the mechanisms leading to dorsal closure in Drosophila development. The role of cells back from the front row during wound repair is much less clear. Here, I show that cells several rows back from the leading edge not only stretch during wound closure, but also shrink their junctions with neighbours , leading to cell intercalation events that are related to how tissues become elongated during germ band extension in the embryo. Junction shrinking occurs in a pulsatile manner and is driven by flashes of actomyosin directed to the cell vertices of shrinking junctions by breaks in localisation of the cell polarity protein Par3/ Bazooka at cell vertices. Halting myosin activity inhibited junction shrinking leading to reduced wound edge advancement. Therefore, active remodelling of cell shape back from the front row is important for enabling the actomyosin cable to efficiently close the wound, and repair the epithelium

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Trill, Helen. "Diagnostic technologies for wound monitoring." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/1107.

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Chronic wound infections represent a worldwide problem, generating high morbidity and medical expense. Failure to control infections such as MRSA in the reparative process of a wound can cause disruption of normal anatomical structure and function, resulting in a chronic wound. Existing approaches to identifying infection largely involve surveying a range of physical parameters, and a limited use of non-invasive technologies. Evaluation is time consuming, and often results in inconsistencies in patient care. This project researches three possible alternative methodologies/technologies for the monitoring of wounds, by measuring components of wound fluid. Two of the three technologies are designed to be used by physicians and patients, similarly to commercially available home blood glucose test kits, and are based on the measurement of three biomarkers: glucose, ethanol and H2O2 in PBS, and in serum as surrogate wound fluid. The first is a voltammetric technique known as dual pulse staircase voltametry (DPSV), which produces peaks characteristic of particular analytes at an electrode. The second is an amperometric biosensor array, based on screen printed three electrode assembies of carbon, rhodinised carbon (glucose biosensor only) and Ag/AgCl reference. The glucose biosensor uses glucose oxidase enzyme as the biorecognition agent, the H2O2 biosensor is a mediated system using horseradish peroxidase enzyme and dimethylferrocene mediator, and the ethanol biosensor is a bienzyme mediated system utilising alcohol oxidase enzyme horseradish peroxidase enzyme and coupled dimethylferrocene mediator. Wounds are known to produce characteristic odours, therefore the third technology studied is a single sensor odour analyser with advanced data analysis to detect five commonly occuring wound bacteria, S.aureus, K.pneumoniae, S.pyogenes, E.coli and P.aeruginosa in growth media and surrogate wound fluid. This technology would be used as a 'near patient' monitoring system and is based on machine olfaction similar to that of a commercial electronic nose, but uses a single metal oxide sensor in combination with principle components analysis. DPSV scans of the individual analytes demonstrated distinctive peaks, exhibiting nonlinear relationships with concentration. A great deal of useful information was generated using this technique, however, limitations were discovered regarding repeatability and inter-analyte interference in mixtures. Limits of detection in surrogate wound fluid with the glucose biosensor, hydrogen peroxide biosensor, and ethanol biosensor were as follows: 169.5 ÂµM glucose, 8.43 ÂµM hydrogen peroxide, and 7.94 ÂµM ethanol respectively (all at 99.7% confidence). Direct detection of ethanol from metabolically active S.aureus in surrogate wound fluid yielded a limit of detection of 1.23 x 108 CFU/ml at 99.7% confidence, and 19 ÂµM in terms of ethanol specific response. The single sensor odour analyser demonstrated the ability to detect and discriminate between the three biomarkers, between five bacteria individually, and partial discrimination of paired bacteria (in broth and surrogate wound fluid). It was also found that S.aureus could be detected down to a cell density of 5x106CFU/ml in surrogate wound fluid, lower than that found for the biosensor concept.

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Sherratt, Jonathan Adam. "Mathematical models of wound healing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4e3ea7dd-33c6-4696-a2ec-aa3499c8b3f6.

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The complex mechanisms responsible for mammalian wound healing raise many biological questions that are amenable to theoretical investigation. In the first part of this thesis, we consider the role of mitotic auto-regulation in adult epidermal wound healing. We develop a reaction-diffusion model for the healing process, with parameter values based on biological data. The model solutions compare well with experimental results on the normal healing of circular wounds, and we analyse the solutions in one spatial dimension as travelling waves. We then use the model to perform 'mathematical experiments' on the effects of adding mitosis-regulating chemicals and of varying the initial wound shape. Recent experiments suggest that in embryos, epidermal wound healing occurs not by lamellipodial crawling as in adults, but rather by contraction of a cable of filamentous actin at the wound edge. We focus on the formation of this cable as a response to wounding, and develop and analyse a mechanical model for the post-wounding equilibrium in the microfilament network. Our model reflects the well-documented phenomenon of stress-induced alignment of actin filaments, which has been neglected in previous mechanochemical models of tissue deformation. The model solutions reflect the key aspects of the experimentally observed response to wounding. In the final part of the thesis, we consider chemokinetic and chemotactic control of cell movement, which play an important role in many aspects of wound healing. We propose a new model which reflects the underlying receptor-based mechanisms, and apply it to endothelial cell movement in the Boyden chamber assay. We compare our model with a simpler scheme in which cells respond directly to gradients in extracellular chemical concentration, and for both models we use experimental data to make quantitative predictions on the values of the transport coefficients.

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Loots, Miriam Alfonsa Maria. "Wound healing in diabetic ulcers." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2002. http://dare.uva.nl/document/66897.

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McCluskey, Jane T. "Mechanisms of embryonic wound healing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318851.

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McColl, David. "A novel wound monitoring system." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426302.

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Bailey, Matthew John. "Protein changes in wound healing." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427693.

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Rippon, Mark Geoffrey. "The physiology of wound healing." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240980.

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Wen, Tong. "Spirally wound electrodialysis (SpED) module." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358252.

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Farrow, Malcolm. "A wound infection monitoring system." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24943.

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Infection control is a key aspect of wound management strategies. An infected wound results in chemical imbalances in the wound and may lead to prolonged healing times and wound surface degradation. Wound dressings changes may result in damage to healing tissues and an increased risk of infection. This thesis presents details of a measurement system based on sensors that can be placed at the wound-dressing interface and potentially monitor the bacteria in real time. Two systems were developed, one to grow bacteria in suspension and the second to encourage biofilms to grow on the electrode surfaces. Both systems allow the electrical impedance to be measured and were used to evaluate the impedance characteristics of bacterial growth with two sensor materials, silver-silver chloride and carbon. The bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were selected as species commonly isolated from wounds. The growth of bacteria was confirmed by plate counting methods from the suspensions and by microscopy staining techniques of the biofilms. The impedance data was analysed for discernible differences in the impedance profiles to distinguish the absence and/or presence of bacteria. Equivalent circuit modelling was performed to provide further information on the physical processes occurring within the systems. The main findings were that the impedance profiles of silver-silver chloride sensors in bacterial suspensions could detect the presence of high cell densities. However, the electrodes tended to inhibit the growth of bacteria and also prevented biofilms forming on the electrode surfaces. The Staphylococcus aureus strains adhered to the carbon sensors and in at least one strain the impedance profiles had discernible differences. All the strains with carbon sensors produced noticeable differences in the equivalent circuit model analysis. These results show that there is potential to create a real-time infection monitor for wounds.

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McHugh, Jolene. "Sensors for monitoring wound healing." Thesis, Ulster University, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.686440.

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Early identification of infection is imperative in the management of chronic wounds in preventing limb threatening events. There is a clear requirement for the development of in situ sensors that can monitor the healing progress of chronic wounds and identify the early onset of infection, providing the clinician with a more detailed picture of the wound dynamics. A variety of carbon composite materials were employed for use in wound monitoring technologies. The mechanical flexibility of the polyethylene and polycarbonate films are ideal for incorporation within existing dressing materials and could be produced in bulk at relatively low cost, a pre-requisite given the frequency with which dressings need to be replaced. Surface modification of the films through laser ablation and electrochemical anodisation was required to enhance the sensor's electroanalytical performance and improve both the selectivity and sensitivity towards uric acid - a key wound biomarker used to assess the wound physiology through measuring both the wound pH and wound severity. A preliminary assessment of the films performance in simulated wound fluid and defibrinated horse blood was conducted. A prototype smart bandage was designed, based on interfacing the carbon film to a portable potentiostat, and the response to urate and potential interferences assessed. The sensing strategies developed were adapted in order to facilitate the monitoring of central venous catheters which are also subject to the complications of infection. Carbon fibre filaments were selected as the core substrates for the sensing electrode due to their dimensional characteristics and as such could be easily integrated within existing catheter architectures.

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Ramier, James Charles. "Biomechanics of corneal wound healing /." Online version of thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10786.

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Walters, Kyle D. "Wound healing in Caribbean sponges /." Electronic version (PDF), 2003. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2003/waltersk/kylewalters.html.

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Hassan, Zahid. "Human burn wound re-epithelialisation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548995.

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Kanapathy, M. "Translational studies in wound healing." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1569432/.

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This work explores the role of gap junctional proteins (GJP) in wound healing in two clinical settings: venous disease and epidermal grafting. Chronic wounds and ulcers are common and a feared problem particularly in the elderly, causing pain and disability. Treatment costs are estimated at £2-3 billion to the NHS with a further loss of 2 million workdays per year. Varicose veins are the major contributor to the prevalence of ulcers affecting about 0.3-0.5% of the population at any point of time. The expression of GPJ; connexins 43, 30 and 26 were explored in a cross-sectional study of patients with varicose veins at different stages of venous disease (CEAP stage). A stepwise increase in GJPs overexpression was seen corresponding to the clinical CEAP stage of the disease, supporting their role in the disease mechanism and as a biomarker of wound healing. This is also the first-time varicose veins were shown to be associated with poor wound healing. Concurrently, with the introduction of a new wound healing system for epidermal grafting, a sequential program of research was developed. Initially, a systematic review using Cochrane methodology on epidermal grafting for wound healing, and a pilot case series to evaluate the novel surgical technology. Following positive outcomes; a patient reported outcome measure and cost evaluation study was performed. Combining these data, a pilot randomised controlled trial was performed to compare efficacy of epidermal grafting to standard of care. Alongside, translational studies on GJP were undertaken to outline the cellular mechanism of action of epidermal grafts. These data led to the development of a wound healing group at UCL and subsequent engagement with the MRC UCL clinical trials team to design a novel platform trial to further assess epidermal grafting. This platform will investigate the molecular mechanism of action and explore the most appropriate use for this technology. A NIHR EME and a collaborative industry grant is in progress.

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Coetzee, Francois. "A survey of wound care knowledge in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20438.

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Thesis (MMed) -- Stellenbosch University, 2010.
Bibliography
Chronic wounds afflict millions worldwide, incurring significant health care costs and chronic suffering. Clinicians are often unsure about treatment, resulting in poor outcomes. Objective To determine the scope of knowledge possessed by fifth year medical students, general practitioners (GP’s) and surgical registrars, concerning chronic wound management. Design Cross sectional study Methods Deans of eight South African medical schools received letters requesting information regarding time devoted to wound-care training. Knowledge-based questionnaires were distributed to final-year students at two universities, surgical registrars at three universities and general practitioners attending refresher courses. Result. Four medical schools replied, of whom only two offered formal teaching. 162 medical students, 45 GP’s and 47 surgical registrars completed questionnaires. The overall median (25th–75th percentiles) knowledge scores for registrars, GP’s and students were 65%;(55%–70%), 55%;(45%–65%) and 45%;(35%–50%) respectively. Whereas the scores of registrars and GP’s did not differ, the student scores were significantly less. Only 32% of registrars and 18% of GP’s attained scores of 70% or more. 96% considered training to be inadequate. Interest in wound-care was only mild to moderate, with more GP’s than registrars requesting literature. Conclusions Very little, if any training on chronic wounds is offered in South Africa. The levels of knowledge cannot be considered adequate for successful treatment, nor for teaching to undergraduates. This preliminary study cannot reflect the attitudes and knowledge throughout the country; however it is clear that there is a need for improved education about these conditions that have huge clinical and economic consequences.

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Bowling, Frank, Daryl Stickings, Valerie Edwards-Jones, David Armstrong, and Andrew Boulton. "Hydrodebridement of wounds: effectiveness in reducing wound bacterial contamination and potential for air bacterial contamination." BioMed Central, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610180.

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BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to assess the level of air contamination with bacteria after surgical hydrodebridement and to determine the effectiveness of hydro surgery on bacterial reduction of a simulated infected wound.METHODS:Four porcine samples were scored then infected with a broth culture containing a variety of organisms and incubated at 37degreesC for 24 hours. The infected samples were then debrided with the hydro surgery tool (Versajet, Smith and Nephew, Largo, Florida, USA). Samples were taken for microbiology, histology and scanning electron microscopy pre-infection, post infection and post debridement. Air bacterial contamination was evaluated before, during and after debridement by using active and passive methods
for active sampling the SAS-Super 90 air sampler was used, for passive sampling settle plates were located at set distances around the clinic room.RESULTS:There was no statistically significant reduction in bacterial contamination of the porcine samples post hydrodebridement. Analysis of the passive sampling showed a significant (p < 0.001) increase in microbial counts post hydrodebridement. Levels ranging from 950 colony forming units per meter cubed (CFUs/m3) to 16780 CFUs/m3 were observed with active sampling of the air whilst using hydro surgery equipment compared with a basal count of 582 CFUs/m3. During removal of the wound dressing, a significant increase was observed relative to basal counts (p < 0.05). Microbial load of the air samples was still significantly raised 1 hour post-therapy.CONCLUSION:The results suggest a significant increase in bacterial air contamination both by active sampling and passive sampling. We believe that action might be taken to mitigate fallout in the settings in which this technique is used.

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Nun, Nicholas. "Improving Skin Wound Healing Using Functional Electrospun Wound Dressings and 3D Printed Tissue Engineering Constructs." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1617985844538101.

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Öhnstedt, Emelie. "Accelerated wound healing by on-site production and delivery of CXCL12." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk cellbiologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-442088.

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Non-healing wounds is a growing medical problem, often associated with pathological conditions such as diabetes and peripheral ischemia. A non-healing wound entails a large amount of suffering for the patient, and demands extensive health care resources. In this thesis, a new drug treatment paradigm for wound healing was developed by transforming Limosilactobacillus reuteri R2LC with a plasmid encoding CXCL12 (LB_CXCL12). The drug candidate was tested for safety and biological effects following topical administration to full thickness wounds in both mice and minipigs. In parallel, different techniques, including 2D and 3D measurements, planimetry, and ultrasound, for assessing wound healing were developed and evaluated. Murine wounds treated with LB_CXCL12 demonstrated increased proliferation of dermal cells, and an increased density of macrophages of which a larger fraction expressed TGF-β. If macrophages were depleted prior to wounding, the accelerated effect on healing was abolished demonstrating a macrophage-dependent mechanism of action. Importantly, the LB_CXCL12 treatment also accelerated wound healing in mice with impaired healing as a result of hyperglycemia or peripheral ischemia, conditions that in humans are associated with development of non-healing wounds. Wounds in minipigs treated with the freeze-dried formulation of LB_CXCL12, upon resuscitation referred to as ILP100, showed accelerated healing both by increased granulation tissue formation and accelerated re-epithelialization. The treatment with ILP100 was well tolerated with no treatment-related deviations in haematology, urinalysis, and histopathology. Further, we found improved detection of thin layers if newly formed epithelial using planimetry and ultrasound compared to 2D photographs, whereas 3D scans accounting for surface curvatures yielded larger wound areas than 2D photographs of the same wounds. Development of topical treatments for non-healing wounds are limited by the proteolytic environment of the wound that cause degradation of applied molecules. Our developed technology, a new-in-class candidate, overcomes this by continuous on-site delivery and increased bioavailability of CXCL12, resulting in prolonged instruction of local immune cells to stimulate wound healing.

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Hudson, Laura Ellen May. "Integration of wound-induced calcium signals to transcriptional activation and regulation of cutaneous wound healing responses." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3066.

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Wounding is a major clinical problem. Calcium is a common secondary messenger eliciting a range of responses through spatial/temporal regulation. In keratinocytes, intracellular calcium (Ca2+i) plays a key role in growth and differentiation. An epidermal calcium gradient exists in skin which is disrupted post-wounding and wounding of monolayer human keratinocytes results in an intercellular calcium wave. Additionally, regulation of the calcium wave is known to be dependent on purinergic signalling and/or gap-junctions. However, their relative contribution in mediating the calcium flux post-wounding in primary human keratinocytes have not been well characterised. Furthermore, the importance of this calcium flux to downstream transcriptional and functional responses is not fully understood. To address this knowledge gap, the effect of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), gap-junctions and extracellular ATP was investigated using primary human keratinocyte monolayers loaded with the calcium dye Fluo4-AM. Scratch wounding was performed in 0.06mM and 1.2mM [Ca2+]o and images captured using confocal microscopy. Calcium add-back experiments and the use of specific inhibitors were used to characterise the calcium responses. Results showed that, as expected, wounding caused an increase in Ca2+i within cells at the wound edge, which then travelled back as a wave. Both gap-junction inhibition (18αGA) and the removal of extracellular ATP (hexokinase) reduced Ca2+i flux and prevented the spread of the calcium wave following wounding. Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) is a transcription factor activated by an increase in Ca2+i and known to be involved in keratinocyte differentiation. NFAT firefly luciferase was used to investigate activation in response to wounding. Results show NFAT transcriptional activation post-wounding in 1.2mM but not 0.06mM [Ca2+]o. Additionally, 18αGA, and the SOCE inhibitor GSK-7975A significantly reduced wound-induced NFAT activation. Perhaps surprisingly, hexokinase had no effect. Finally, the functional consequence of these signalling pathways were investigated using scratch wound migration assays. Wounds closed at a faster rate when wounding was performed in 1.2mM [Ca2+]o compared to 0.06mM. Manipulation of all three signalling pathways inhibited wound closure. However, gap-junction blockade completely prevented wound closure. Together these data indicate that, whilst purinergic and gap-junction signalling regulate the Ca2+i flux and wave post-wounding, there is a dominant effect of gap-junctions in the activation of NFAT and cell migration.

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ZHOU, YING. "DETERMINATION OF in vitro DRUG RELEASE FROM WOUND DRESSINGS THROUGH AN ARTIFICAL WOUND MODEL." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1018614820.

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Lam, Susanna. "EVALUATING THE CLOSED INCISION NEGATIVE PRESSURE WOUND THERAPY SYSTEM ON WOUND COMPLICATIONS IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29839.

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Objectives: Closed incision negative pressure wound therapy systems have been efficacious in reducing wound complications in many surgical specialties. Kidney transplantation is unique in combining immunosuppression with a large lower abdominal incision in patients with multiple comorbidities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of closed incision negative wound therapy, “Prevena” with wound complications in kidney transplant recipients. Material and Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed in a single centre. Consecutive kidney transplant recipients deemed high risk for wound complications were selected to receive a closed incision negative pressure wound therapy system (ciNPWT). The results were compared with a concurrent cohort of recipients who used conventional dressings. Further analysis for obese recipients and propensity score matching was performed. Results There were 127 adults (≥18 years) who underwent a kidney transplant. Thirty received a ciNPWT dressing, 97 recipients received a conventional dressing. Wound complications occurred in 21.3% (27/127) of all kidney transplant recipients. The ciNPWT when compared with conventional dressing did not reduce the rate of wound complications (23.3% (7/30) vs 20.6% (20/97), p=.75). In the obese subset there was a no significant reduction in wound complications (31.1% vs 36.8%, p =.73). Propensity score matching yielded 26 matched pairs with equivalent rates of wound complications (23.1% (6/26)). Conclusion: This study is the first reported cohort study examining the use of the closed incision negative pressure wound therapy, Prevena, in kidney transplant recipients. The ciNPWT was not associated with a significant reduction in wound complications.

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Biglari, Sahar. "Wound-on-Chip: A New Device for Studying Inflammation Phase of Wound Healing and Drug Discovery." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20128.

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Abstract:

Considerable progress has been made in the field of microfluidics to enable the development of complex systems for modelling human skin. Multicellular culture systems incorporating fibroblasts or keratinocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and immune cells, as well as 3D culture systems, have been described. However, to date all models have lacked one or more of these features. In this thesis, a human skin wound-on-chip cell culture model was constructed successfully to simulate inflammation during the wound healing process. Inflammation was induced via TNF-α or by adding M1 and M2 macrophages as an immune cell to the system. The current wound-on-chip model facilitates the culturing of different cells types that play essential roles in wound healing to mimic the natural wound microenvironment. First, the microfluidic platform including dermal fibroblasts and endothelial cells was used to study the interaction of these cell types during the wound healing. Dermal fibroblasts and HUVECs were used as predominant cells in skin dermal tissue and Matrigel was used to mimic extracellular matrix (ECM). Co-culturing of HUVECs and dermal fibroblasts was led to the formation of vascular structure inside the Matrigel. The inflammation in this model was induced by treating the fibroblast layer with a TNF-α solution. The proposed model successfully simulated skin inflammation. TNF-α induce inflammation was investigated by analysing the pro-inflammatory cytokines level (IL-12p70, TNF, IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-8). Moreover, the model demonstrated the prevention of inflammation by application of a drug. The data of endothelial cell-cell junction staining with VE-Cadherin shows the difference in vascular structure formation in the presence of TNF-α and treatment with Dexamethasone. The endothelial cell-cell junctions were re-constructed by the application of Dexamethasone to the TNF-α treated model. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine was dramatically decreased, indicating the recovery of skin inflammation. Another feature of proposed in vitro wound-on-chip model is that it is possible to culture the immune cells in the system; To study the immune responses and cellular interactions between HUVECs, dermal fibroblasts and macrophages as it happened during the wound healing in the human body. HUVECs formed a vascular structure in 3D channels whereas fibroblasts and macrophages established a largely 2D monolayer. Simulating inflammatory condition in the presence of macrophages was confirmed by measuring the expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The current wound-on-chip model shows the formation of the vascular structure by HUVECs through the Matrigel as an ECM. Presence of M1 macrophages as an inflammatory type was led to having less vascularization. Whereas, M2 macrophages as an anti-inflammatory type helped the HUVECs to form a mature vascular structure. The anti-inflammatory effect of Dexamethasone was studied as a proof-of-concept. To conclude, the findings suggest that this microfluidic wound-on-chip model co-culturing dermal fibroblasts, endothelial cells and macrophages can mimic the wound microenvironment as well as the physiology of the human skin. This model has broad implications for modelling human disease as well as for screening of novel pharmacological agents (such as anti-inflammatory drugs) for future pre-clinical assessment. In the end, the wound-on-chip model was used to study the anti-inflammatory effect of Centella erecta (C.E.) and Propolis to validate the model as a successful tool for drug screening. As per previous experiments, the inflammation was modelled by adding TNF-α to the wound-on-chip device and also, by incorporating immune cells (M1 and M2 macrophages). After establishing the inflammation model on-chip, to simulate the anti-inflammation process, C.E. and Propolis extracts were applied to the fibroblasts layers. The expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as the role of these natural products on endothelial cell-cell junctions, were studied. The data suggest that this in vitro skin wound-on-chip model could potentially be a powerful tool in pre-clinical assessments for pharmaceutical industries.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Wound'

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