Academic literature on the topic 'Wound care device'
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Journal articles on the topic "Wound care device"
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Sloan, Brian K., Haroon Mohammad, Nader S. Abutaleb, and Mohamed N. Seleem. "Comparison between a novel tap water wound irrigation device with sterile saline device in an open traumatic wound animal model." Trauma 22, no. 3 (June 25, 2019): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460408619857399.
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Study objective Open traumatic wounds present to US emergency departments at a rate of approximately 12 million per year. Tap water wound irrigation usage has not been adopted by providers thus negating a potential cost saving of approximately US$65,600,000 per year when compared to saline irrigation. A novel tap water wound irrigation device can reduce bacterial counts in rats inoculated with MRSA as effectively as a commonly used sterile saline wound irrigation system. Methods Two groups of six Sprague–Dawley rats were used for this study. Two 3 cm incisions were made into the dorsum of each Sprague–Dawley rat and each incision was inoculated with 100 µl of MRSA. One wound served as the control, the other wound was either irrigated with the sterile saline wound irrigation system or a novel tap water wound irrigation device. The wounds were homogenized, plated, and bacterial colonies were enumerated to determine the final concentration of bacteria in each wound. Results There was no significant statistical difference in the reduction of MRSA in wounds treated with the sterile saline system relative to wounds treated with tap water (one-way ANOVA with post hoc Dunnet's test). Conclusion The novel tap water wound irrigation device is as effective as the sterile saline wound irrigation device at reducing bacterial counts in a rat laceration model when compared to non-irrigated controls. Adopting the use of a convenient, effective, and inexpensive wound irrigation system using tap water could help save the health care system millions of dollars in direct costs, shipping cost, and would not be affected by saline shortages.
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O'Callaghan, Suzanne, Paul Galvin, Conor O'Mahony, Zena Moore, and Rosemarie Derwin. "‘Smart’ wound dressings for advanced wound care: a review." Journal of Wound Care 29, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): 394–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2020.29.7.394.
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Hard-to-heal wounds are a common side-effect of diabetes, obesity, pressure ulcers and age-related vascular diseases, the incidences of which are growing worldwide. The increasing financial burden of hard-to-heal wounds on global health services has provoked technological research into improving wound diagnostics and therapeutics via ’smart’ dressings, within which elements such as microelectronic sensors, microprocessors and wireless communication radios are embedded. This review highlights the progress being made by research groups worldwide in producing ‘smart’ wound device prototypes. Significant advances have been made, for example, flexible substrates have replaced rigid circuit boards, sensors have been printed on commercial wound dressing materials and wireless communication has been demonstrated. Challenges remain, however, in the areas of power supply, disposability, low-profile components, multiparametric sensing and seamless device integration in commercial wound dressings.
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Wong, Victor W., Bill Beasley, John Zepeda, Reinhold H. Dauskardt, Paul G. Yock, Michael T. Longaker, and Geoffrey C. Gurtner. "A Mechanomodulatory Device to Minimize Incisional Scar Formation." Advances in Wound Care 2, no. 4 (May 2013): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/wound.2012.0396.
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Townsend, Katy L., Jen Akeroyd, Duncan S. Russell, Jamie J. Kruzic, Bria L. Robertson, and William Lear. "Comparing the Tolerability of a Novel Wound Closure Device Using a Porcine Wound Model." Advances in Wound Care 7, no. 6 (June 2018): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/wound.2017.0777.
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Vu, Hong, Ashwin Nair, Lan Tran, Suvra Pal, Jon Senkowsky, Wenjing Hu, and Liping Tang. "A Device to Predict Short-Term Healing Outcome of Chronic Wounds." Advances in Wound Care 9, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 312–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/wound.2019.1064.
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Choo, Bryan Peide, Jeremy Ting En Low, Hong Choon Oh, Ling Ong, Jocelyn Kaibin Loh, and Gek Kheng Png. "Evaluation of a Mobile Wound Care Device for Assessment of Wounds: A Time Motion Study." Journal of Wound Management and Research 18, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22467/jwmr.2022.01991.
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Background: Comprehensive wound assessments are critical in identifying potential complications that affect wound healing and determining appropriate interventions for the patient. A wound care device (WCD) comprising a mobile device integrated with multi-spectral sensors that can capture stereoscopic and thermal images was recently introduced. A trial was conducted to assess potential productivity gains of the device.Methods: A total of 30 inpatients who required wound care were recruited and assessed via a time motion study. For every patient recruited in this study, wound measurements and documentation steps were repeated twice for a total of 55 wounds, once using the WCD and the other using a conventional manual process, with the order of assessment determined using a random group assignment generator. A t-test was used for statistical analysis.Results: The use of the WCD had a mean process time 4.86 minutes shorter than the conventional manual process (P<0.001). This constituted an increase in productivity by 44% for wound measurement, photography, and documentation. With estimated time savings of 5 minutes per patient, this amounts to 6,631 hours per year or a total of 3.42 nursing full-time equivalent savings per year based on an estimated load of 218 patients per day requiring wound care at an acute care institution in Singapore.Conclusion: The adoption of a mobile WCD has potential to improve work productivity and result in full-time equivalent savings for wound care nurses. Most importantly, the WCD could provide clinically beneficial outcomes for the patient by enhancing the management and documentation of wound care.
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Klein, Robert. "Managing Wound Dehiscence With Mechanical Negative Pressure Wound Therapy: A Case Report." Wounds : a compendium of clinical research and practice 34, no. 1 (January 10, 2021): E75—E78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25270/wnds/2021.e7578.
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Mechanical negative pressure wound therapy (mNPWT) is commonly used in the management of a variety of wounds, including diabetic foot ulcerations, surgical wounds, venous ulcerations, and wound dehiscence. This mechanically powered, disposable modality can be used to manage wounds in the outpatient setting and has been shown to be an effective wound care option when transitioning patients from the inpatient to outpatient setting and continuing NPWT for wound care. Mechanical NPWT helps promote wound healing by decreasing edema and via removal of tissue debris and exudate. Traditional NPWT is bulky, is often noisy, and requires a power source. A mechanically powered, disposable, easily applied, off-the-shelf mNPWT device is available for patients with small- to medium-sized wounds with mild to moderate exudate. The disposable mNPWT device provides −125 mm Hg pressure, is silent and small, can be worn under clothes, and allows the patient to be fully ambulatory, thus, more mobile. The mNPWT device tubing can be cut to fit to enable safer ambulation than the powered system and to enable the patient to work and enjoy social activities without a medical device showing. This single case study of a patient with chronic diabetic foot ulcerations of the medial first metatarsal head and dorsal proximal interphalangeal joints of the second and third toes of the left foot, which had not been successfully treated with conservative care and had been present for more than 1 year.
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Pena, Guilherme, Beatrice Kuang, Zygmunt Szpak, Prue Cowled, Joseph Dawson, and Robert Fitridge. "Evaluation of a Novel Three-Dimensional Wound Measurement Device for Assessment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers." Advances in Wound Care 9, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 623–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/wound.2019.0965.
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MacKay, Brendan J., Anthony N. Dardano, Andrew M. Klapper, Selene G. Parekh, Mohsin Q. Soliman, and Ian L. Valerio. "Multidisciplinary Application of an External Tissue Expander Device to Improve Patient Outcomes: A Critical Review." Advances in Wound Care 9, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 525–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/wound.2019.1112.
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Hoyo, Javier, Arnau Bassegoda, Guillem Ferreres, Dolores Hinojosa-Caballero, Manuel Gutiérrez-Capitán, Antoni Baldi, César Fernández-Sánchez, and Tzanko Tzanov. "Rapid Colorimetric Detection of Wound Infection with a Fluidic Paper Device." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 16 (August 15, 2022): 9129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169129.
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Current procedures for the assessment of chronic wound infection are time-consuming and require complex instruments and trained personnel. The incidence of chronic wounds worldwide, and the associated economic burden, urge for simple and cheap point-of-care testing (PoCT) devices for fast on-site diagnosis to enable appropriate early treatment. The enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), whose activity in infected wounds is about ten times higher than in non-infected wounds, appears to be a suitable biomarker for wound infection diagnosis. Herein, we develop a single-component foldable paper-based device for the detection of MPO in wound fluids. The analyte detection is achieved in two steps: (i) selective immunocapture of MPO, and (ii) reaction of a specific dye with the captured MPO, yielding a purple color with increasing intensity as a function of the MPO activity in infected wounds in the range of 20–85 U/mL. Ex vivo experiments with wound fluids validated the analytic efficiency of the paper-based device, and the results strongly correlate with a spectrophotometric assay.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wound care device"
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Goswami, Tushar. "Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogels for Total Wound Care Devices." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1578587475393225.
Full textBooks on the topic "Wound care device"
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P, Hill Judy, ed. Spinal cord injury: A guide to functional outcomes in occupational therapy. Rockville, Md: Aspen Publishers, 1986.
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Flynn, Brigid, Natalia S. Ivascu, Vivek K. Moitra, Brigid Flynn, and Alan Gaffney, eds. Cardiothoracic Critical Care. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190082482.001.0001.
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Practicing critical care entails understanding human physiology, pharmacokinetics, and molecular pathways in concert with adherence to evidence-based literature. Some may say combining all of these entities into practice creates the “art” of critical care medicine. One strategy to gain proficiency in the practice of critical care medicine is to simulate what you would do in specific problem-based scenarios. That is the aim of this textbook, with each chapter asking aptly “What Do You Do Now?” This text focuses on cardiothoracic critical care and covers guidelines for evidence-based practice, respiratory and metabolic physiology, common hemodynamic perturbations, ventricular failure, and mechanical circulatory support devices. All clinicians who care for cardiothoracic patients who are critically ill can find pearls of practice wisdom complemented by literature citations within this text. So go ahead, place yourself at the foot of the bed and try to think through “What Do You Do Now?” when presented with each patient within these pages of your handheld cardiothoracic intensive care unit.
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Kenworthy, Lane. Would Democratic Socialism Be Better? Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197636800.001.0001.
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The case for a modern democratic humane socialism typically has two parts. The first is that capitalism is bad, at or least not very good. In reaching this conclusion, most have either analyzed a theoretical ideal-type of capitalism or used a single country, often the United States, as a stand-in for capitalism. To fully and fairly assess democratic socialism’s desirability, we need to compare it to the best version of capitalism that humans have devised: social democratic capitalism, or what is often called the Nordic model. Each chapter in this book examines one of the things that we should want in a good society, that contemporary democratic socialists typically say they want, and that socialism might, conceivably, improve our ability to achieve: an end to poverty in rich countries, an end to poverty everywhere, more jobs, decent jobs, faster economic growth, inclusive growth, more public goods and services, affordable healthcare for all, helpful finance, truly democratic politics, economic democracy, less economic inequality, gender and racial equality, more community, and a livable planet. The book offers a close look at the evidence about how capitalist economies have performed on these outcomes, with particular attention to the performance of social democratic capitalism. The second part of the case for democratic socialism is the notion that it would be an improvement. For each of these outcomes, the book considers what, if anything, we can conclude about whether democratic socialism would do better than social democratic capitalism.
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Barnard, Matthew, and Nicola Jones. Intensive care management after cardiothoracic surgery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0368.
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Management of the post-cardiothoracic surgical patient follows general principles of intensive care, but incorporates certain unique considerations. In cardiac surgical patients peri-operative ischaemia, arrhythmias and ventricular dysfunction mandate specific monitoring requirements, and individual pharmacological and mechanical support. Suspicion of myocardial ischaemia should not only lead to pharmacological treatment, but also consideration of urgent angiography to exclude coronary graft occlusion. Ventricular dysfunction may be pre-existing or attributable to intra-operative myocardial ‘stunning’. Catecholamines and phosphodiesterase inhibitors are the mainstay of therapy. Rarely, intra-aortic balloon pumping or ventricular assist devices are required. Significant bleeding (with potential cardiac tamponade), respiratory compromise, acute kidney injury, neurological injury, and deep sternal wound infection each occur in ~2–3% of cardiac surgical patients. Each of these has individual risk factors and specific management considerations. General guidelines for patients who have undergone thoracic surgery include early extubation, fluid restriction, effective analgesia, and protective lung ventilation. Thoracic patients are at risk of atelectasis, respiratory infection, bronchial air leak, and right ventricular failure. Positive pressure ventilation is avoided whenever possible particularly after pneumonectomy, but is sometimes necessary in compromised patients. Air leaks are common. Alveolopleural fistulae usually improve with conservative management,whereas bronchopleural fistulae are more likely to require surgical intervention. Lung surgery is high risk for patients with ischaemic heart disease. Patients with pre-existing elevated pulmonary vascular resistance may exhibit right ventricular dysfunction and may fail to cope with a further increase in pulmonary vascular resistance consequent to lung resection. Lung collapse and infection are constant risks throughout the entire post-operative period.
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Sivarasu, Sudesh. Medical Devices Innovation for Africa: enabling industrialisation. University of Cape Town Libraries, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/uctlib40.
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It is with great pleasure to recognise all our partners in the merSETA Viro-Vent Innovation Skills Challenge who contributed to this publication: University of Cape Town, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, University KwaZulu Natal, University of Witwatersrand and National Technologies Implementation Platform. Thank you, Professor Sivarasu, for your leadership of the University of Cape Town for supporting these efforts to find new forms of collaboration that focus on “Skills for localisation” and “Skills for re-industrialisation”. This publication comes at a time when South Africa and the world are still recovering from the devastating effects of the covid-19 pandemic complicated by an emerging war in Ukraine. This is expected to continue disrupting social and economic activities, including education, training, and work. The merSETA and its stakeholders are working tirelessly to ensure that training and other skills development activities continue despite these challenges. This innovation project, among others at the merSETA, utilises existing research and Higher Education Institution (HEI) Infrastructure to stimulate rapid response technology innovation aimed at the development, design and prototype production of a medical device in response not only to the COVID-19 pandemic, but also to an economic sector dominated by imports. To serve the skills development mandate of the merSETA, the project investigates the technology management capabilities or future skills required to accelerate South Africa’s post-covid recovery. The concept of innovation, as vested in this program, is aligned to the merSETA’s strategic intentions, that include: i. Supporting skills for Economic Reconstruction, Recovery and Growth, ii. Supporting skills for the changing world of work, iii. Supporting skills for the growth and sustainability of the green and circular economies and iv. Exploring and supporting the role of the mer-sector in the digital economy, as well as v. Continuing to strengthen the role of the SETA as an intermediary body Making informed sector skills planning decisions is the objective of this program. – that is, to understand those future jobs that would drive the localisation of components in a model that could stimulate expanded manufacturing opportunities through relevant skills supply. The merSETA’s Viro-Vent Innovation Skills Challenge anticipates a contribution towards closing the skills gap through a job generation model. The merSETA remains committed and is looking forward to engaging on how this initiative sees a pipeline of new product innovations expanding the manufacturing sector. We owe it to the citizens of South Africa to find innovative ways of harnessing our young talent into industrial expansion.
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Narang, Sanjeet, Alison Weisheipl, and Edgar L. Ross, eds. Surgical Pain Management. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199377374.001.0001.
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Surgical Pain Management is a guide of surgical techniques and the perioperative management of the unique needs of chronic pain patients who are potential candidates for implantable and unique invasive therapies. This book provides the pain practitioner and the staff needed to support a implant program essential step-by-step information and resources to assist with surgical and anesthetic management, patient selection, considerations for device selection, pre-incision management, patient education, incision-onward surgical techniques, wound closure, common intraoperative complications and their management, and postoperative management including potential complications and systematic approaches to trouble shoot stimulator and pump malfunction, technology guide comparing capabilities of the leading stimulator manufacturers and a resource guide to the acquisition of intrathecal medications and admixtures. This book also provides the needed resources to develop a dedicated interdisciplinary implant team capable of managing a implant program, suggestions for surgical instrument kits, considerations for antibiotic prophlaxis, and ensuring quality improvement via FDA reporting mechanisms. X-rays, photographs and case studies are used throughout the book to facilate understanding of discussion points.
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Godfrey, Donald G. A Lifetime of Struggle. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038280.003.0004.
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This chapter examines C. Francis Jenkins' dispute with Thomas J. Armat over the Phantoscope patent that began in 1895. Armat partnered with Jenkins for a short period of time and then moved on to establish the Armat Moving-Picture Company, making millions while leaving Jenkins in a lifetime of aggravation. Before discussing the Jenkins and Armat controversy that led to the collapse of their partnership, this chapter provides a background on Armat and how he met Jenkins. It then considers Jenkins' early experimental work with the camera-projector as well as his collaboration with Armat on experiments that would result in the successful projection of motion pictures. It also looks at the patent-interference case pitting Armat vs. Jenkins, Armat's protest regarding the Smithsonian's photography exhibit, and Jenkins' demonstrations of his device at the Franklin Institute. The chapter concludes with an analysis of issues and evidence relevant to the Jenkins–Armat conflict, along with Henry D. Hubbard's defense of Jenkins.
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Neurorehabilitation Of The Upper Limb For Children And Adults Managing Hypertonicity And Optimising Function. John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2014.
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Davierwala, Piroze M., and Friedrich W. Mohr. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0048.
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The surgical management of acute coronary syndrome still remains a challenge for the cardiac surgeon. Although most patients can be managed by percutaneous coronary intervention, for patients with complex multivessel or left main coronary artery disease (high SYNTAX score), in whom percutaneous coronary intervention is not possible or is unsuccessful, urgent or emergent coronary artery bypass graft surgery is the only available option. It is very important for surgeons to determine the optimum timing of surgical intervention, which is usually based on the clinical presentation, coronary anatomy, and biomarkers. Surgeons should be conversant with the different operative techniques, whether off- or on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery, that would help in achieving the best possible outcomes in such situations. Early and late survival of patients depends not only on an efficiently executed operation, but also on the competency of the post-operative care delivered. Modern perioperative management is reinforced by the availability of a variety of mechanical cardiopulmonary assist devices, like the intra-aortic balloon pump, the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and an array of ventricular assist devices, which aid us in managing very sick patients presenting with cardiogenic shock. The results of coronary artery bypass graft surgery for acute coronary syndrome, as published in the literature, vary significantly, because of the heterogeneity of patient populations, operative timing, and haemodynamic status, making a comparison of surgical outcomes almost impossible. Only one randomized trial has been conducted to that effect, to date. A heart team approach, involving an interventional cardiologist and a cardiac surgeon, is mandatory to determine the best treatment strategy and achieve the best possible outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
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Davierwala, Piroze M., and Friedrich W. Mohr. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0048_update_001.
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The surgical management of acute coronary syndrome still remains a challenge for the cardiac surgeon. Although most patients can be managed by percutaneous coronary intervention, for patients with complex multivessel or left main coronary artery disease (high SYNTAX score), in whom percutaneous coronary intervention is not possible or is unsuccessful, urgent or emergent coronary artery bypass graft surgery is the only available option. It is very important for surgeons to determine the optimum timing of surgical intervention, which is usually based on the clinical presentation, coronary anatomy, and biomarkers. Surgeons should be conversant with the different operative techniques, whether off- or on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery, that would help in achieving the best possible outcomes in such situations. Early and late survival of patients depends not only on an efficiently executed operation, but also on the competency of the post-operative care delivered. Modern perioperative management is reinforced by the availability of a variety of mechanical cardiopulmonary assist devices, like the intra-aortic balloon pump, the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and an array of ventricular assist devices, which aid us in managing very sick patients presenting with cardiogenic shock. The results of coronary artery bypass graft surgery for acute coronary syndrome, as published in the literature, vary significantly, because of the heterogeneity of patient populations, operative timing, and haemodynamic status, making a comparison of surgical outcomes almost impossible. Only one randomized trial has been conducted to that effect, to date. A heart team approach, involving an interventional cardiologist and a cardiac surgeon, is mandatory to determine the best treatment strategy and achieve the best possible outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Book chapters on the topic "Wound care device"
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Cudney, Elizabeth A., Susan L. Murray, and Clair Reynolds Kueny. "Determining Patient Satisfaction Indicators in a Rural Wound Care Center." In Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics in Healthcare and Medical Devices, 499–506. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80744-3_62.
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Myntti, Matthew. "Translation of Antibiofilm Technologies to Wounds and Other Clinical Care." In Targeting Biofilms in Translational Research, Device Development, and Industrial Sectors, 85–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30667-0_6.
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Forchuk, Cheryl, Abraham Rudnick, Deborah Corring, Daniel Lizotte, Jeffrey S. Hoch, Richard Booth, Barbara Frampton, Rupinder Mann, and Jonathan Serrato. "Smart Technology in the Home for People Living in the Community with Mental Illness and Physical Comorbidities." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 86–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09593-1_7.
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AbstractThis study evaluated a smart technology intervention in the home as a support for individuals with severe mental illness. This study recruited 13 participants in a variety of community-based homes. Participants were offered a smartphone, a touchscreen monitor and health devices such as smartwatches, weigh-scales, and automated medication dispensers. Data was exported to the Lawson Integrated DataBase for care providers to monitor/track. Interviews with participants and focus groups with participants and care providers were conducted at baseline, 6-months and 12-months, and survey instruments were used to collect quantitative data about different dimensions of health and social determinants. Descriptive statistics from these outcome measures are presented as the sample size was too small for meaningful statistical inference. Qualitative analyses revealed a high degree of acceptability of the devices and motivation for healthy living, communication and mental health. Health Care Providers also noted improvements to client health. This study proves the feasibility of deploying smart technologies to support individuals with severe mental illness. Future scale-up would further our understanding of their impacts.
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Lee, Kai-Fu. "A Human Blueprint for AI Coexistence." In Robotics, AI, and Humanity, 261–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54173-6_22.
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AbstractThe positive coexistence of humans and AI is possible and needs to be designed as a system that provides for all members of society, but one that also uses the wealth generated by AI to build a society that is more compassionate, loving, and ultimately human. It is incumbent on us to use the economic abundance of the AI age to foster the values of volunteers who devote their time and energy toward making their communities more caring. As a practical measure, to protect against AI/robotics’ labor saving and job displacement effects, a “social investment stipend” should be explored. The stipend would be given to those who invest their time and energy in those activities that promote a kind, compassionate, and creative society, i.e., care work, community service, and education. It would put the economic bounty generated by AI to work in building a better society, rather than just numbing the pain of AI-induced job losses.
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Peters, Martine, Sylvie Fontaine, and Eric Frenette. "Teaching the Teachers: To What Extent Do Pre-service Teachers Cheat on Exams and Plagiarise in Their Written Work?" In Academic Integrity in Canada, 307–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83255-1_16.
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AbstractVery little is known about preservice teachers’ actions when it comes to plagiarizing and cheating in their university work. This is particularly the case in Quebec, Canada. It is important to know to what extent these students commit academic misconduct as they will ultimately become the role models who will shape future generations of learners. This chapter reports on a study of this important issue. An online questionnaire was used to survey preservice teachers (n = 573) in five Quebec universities in winter 2018. The majority of participants were between the ages of 18 to 25 and were studying to be kindergarten, primary, special education or high school teachers. The questionnaire contained items about demographic information as well as items on methods of cheating, peers’ influence, perception of control, goal of performance and engaging in studying. Preservice teachers also answered questions that were used to control for social desirability bias. Results showed that some of them reported participating in academic misconduct. Fewer participants reported cheating on exams while studying at university (15.2%) than when they were in high school (34.9%). They believe that the best ways to plagiarise on written assignment are reusing one’s previous work (47.6%), asking somebody else to do the assignment (38.6%), and collaborating with peers (37.2%) while the best ways to cheat on exams would be using hidden material (63%), looking at the neighbour’s copy (55.7%) and using electronic devices (31.9%). Four interpretations for the preservice teacher actions are given: they commit academic misconduct because they want to succeed, because they have poor studying habits which lead them to make poor decisions, because of the cheating culture in which they evolve, and because of the cheating patterns they develop. Recommendations for teacher education programs conclude the article.
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Batra, Sumit, and Sumit Arora. "Orthopedic Device Related Infections." In Principles and Practice of Wound Care, 299. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11601_25.
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Timperley, Jonathan. "Lifestyle issues, patient concerns, and devices." In Oxford Specialist Handbook of Pacemakers and ICDs 2e, 353–60. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687831.003.0016.
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This chapter covers patient education about implants, including management of wound care, indications for seeking medical attention, and what to do in the event of shocks. Fitness to drive regulations in the UK are described, including for group 1 and group 2 licences. Questions that will commonly be asked by patients with a newly implanted device are answered to aid patient understanding, and finally the procedure in the case of an inappropriate shock are discussed.
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Mitchell, Andrew, and Oliver Ormerod. "Permanent pacemaker implantation." In Oxford Specialist Handbook of Pacemakers and ICDs 2e, 45–70. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687831.003.0002.
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This chapter covers pacemaker implantation. Pre-procedure considerations such as the operative conditions and steps for patient preparations are outlined. The implantation procedure is discussed in detail, with visual aids to show the incision and pocket placement, techniques to improve the success of the operation, and different types of venous access. Advantages and disadvantages of different routes are summarized. Lead implantation is covered, from positioning, securing, and electrical testing. Connecting the generator and wound closure is followed by a description of post-procedure care. Alternative device types and sites and are outlined, with indications for choice. Finally, special considerations in the young patient are described.
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Rathinamoorthy, R., and S. Rajendran. "Regulatory bodies and their roles associated with medical devices and wound dressings." In Advanced Textiles for Wound Care, 423–61. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102192-7.00015-1.
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Call, Evan, and Adam Cheney. "Developing standard test methods for assessment of medical devices in the fields of wound prevention and care." In Innovations and Emerging Technologies in Wound Care, 337–76. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815028-3.00018-3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Wound care device"
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Rajeswari, R., Hiral Raja, Kriti Srivastava, Guna Sekhar Sajja, M. Katyan Chakravarthi, and Regin Rajan. "Technologies for Systematic Procedure Generation of Enhanced Wound Care Devices Through Discriminative Intelligence." In 2021 5th International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceca52323.2021.9675886.
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Thongprasert, Apiwat, Arisara Jiamsanguanwong, and Uthai Tanlamai. "Design-for-user Acceptance of IOT Home use medical device: A design process for IOT home use medical device." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002115.
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Medical devices are migrating from hospital use to home use along with health professional users to lay users. New technologies, including Internet-Of-Things, lead home use medical devices to a new generation of easy to use, smart, portable, and communicable from anywhere. IOT technology enables the home use medical devices to seamlessly detect and connect home patient health status and health activities allowing the patients to remotely connect and share their health data to friends, family, and healthcare staff. Thus, home use medical devices with IOT connectivity play an essential role in assisting home patients to continue their medical care at home and monitor health activities, reducing the risk associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the first place. The devices empower the home patients to actively manage their health treatment and activities by themselves, either without or with minimum training experience and support. The targeted users of such devices are not limited to patients with chronic diseases but consumers who want to prevent them from serious illness and maintain good health. Accordingly, the success of the IOT home use medical devices also depends on the acceptance and adherence of the users to use the device as a part of their everyday lives. Developing medical devices concerning human factors to be safe and effective is crucial. Many studies contribute to providing design processes and methodologies in this regard. Furthermore, in the case of the IOT home use medical device development, engineers or designers must also understand the acceptance and adherence of the users toward the use of the devices in their daily life routine. Several studies coined the term as consumer medical devices bringing the consumer product development concept to use in this home use medical device development. Though several studies revealed factors influencing user acceptance of the devices such as convenience, ease-of-use, or usefulness, it still is difficult for engineers or designers who do not have expertise or experience in human factor research to integrate the knowledge with existing device development processes. This study proposes a T-A-C-V-I-U model linking relationships from IOT functions to device attributes, consequence, personal values, attitude toward using, and behavioral intention. The model aimed to analyze how device attributes would affect user acceptance. It was constructed from literature reviews on IOT functions, wearable and IOT device attributes, and factors influencing personal value and user acceptance based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Health Belief Model (HBM), and Hierarchical Value Map (HVM). The model would assist non-user research or less-experienced human factor designers to consider which IOT functions should be embedded on a home use medical device to gain user acceptance. Vice versa, it would help assess how determined IOT functions would influence targeted users' acceptance. Finally, the Design-for-user Acceptance of IOT Home use medical device (DfAIH), a design process dedicated for IOT home use medical device development, is proposed. The design process is constructed following the design-for-x framework. It provides a step-by-step design process to convey product development and validation using the T-A-C-V-I-U model to gain user acceptance.
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Lu, Qingzhen, Zhixun Yang, Yucheng Yang, Jun Yan, and Qianjin Yue. "Study on the Mechanism of Bird-Cage Buckling of Armor Wires Based on Experiment." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61669.
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Armor wires which are typical spiral wound structures are widely applied to flexible structures in ocean engineering, such as flexible pipes and umbilical cables. Birdcage buckling phenomenon would appear under the condition of damage of the cover sheath and strength tapes when armor wires are subjected to high axial compression which exceeding its critical load. In this paper a special experiment device is designed to simulate the armor wires winding a cylinder. Based on the experiment, the birdcage buckling mechanism of spiral wound steel wire is analyzed. The global configuration time-history of spirally wound steel wire is recorded to find the critical buckling load with the increasing compression displacement. At the same time, strain state at the critical position is analyzed, which could provide a reference for curved beam’s buckling research. Moreover, sensitivity analysis of critical buckling load is investigated with consideration of some influencing factors such as spiral wound radius, length and pitch. Finally, the relationships between them and critical buckling compression load are quantified. The experimental results could guide the anti-buckling design of armor wires for flexible pipe or umbilical cables.
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Braun, Michael, Jingyi Li, Florian Weber, Bastian Pfleging, Andreas Butz, and Florian Alt. "What If Your Car Would Care? Exploring Use Cases For Affective Automotive User Interfaces." In MobileHCI '20: 22nd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3379503.3403530.
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Chin, Jessica S., Ibrahim Zeid, and Sagar Kamarthi. "Using 3D Modeling and Neural Networks to Predict Time-to-Heal for Chronic, Non-Healing Wounds." In ASME 2013 Conference on Frontiers in Medical Devices: Applications of Computer Modeling and Simulation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fmd2013-16091.
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Chronic, non-healing ulcers are expensive to treat and heal. Approximately 2% of the United States’ general population suffers from non-healing wounds. Conservatively, the cost of treating these chronic wounds is estimated to exceed $50 billion per year. This is approximately ten times more than the annual budget of the World Health Organization. The prevalence of wound healing is similar to that of heart failure and cardiac diseases. However, unlike cardiac diseases little is known regarding the comparative treatments of wounds and their respective outcomes. Additionally, the field of monitoring and tracking wound care lacks the awareness compared with cardiac diseases.
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Venkataraman, Venkat A., Radha Sarma, and Suresh G. K. Ananthasuresh. "Part to Art: Basis for a Systematic Geometric Design Tool for Surface Micromachined MEMS." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/dac-14251.
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Abstract Currently most MEMS designers begin the geometric design of a new device by creating the masks that would lead to a geometric model. At the macro level, this is analogous to generating a geometric model from the tool paths, which would be a very difficult task. In contrast to MEMS designers, designers of macro devices have the advantage of starting with a geometric model and being able to directly visualize or manipulate their designs. The geometric model is then queried to generate the process specific data. In the case of MEMS, there is no systematic means to generate the mask data after the geometric model of a MEMS device has been refined through behavioral simulations. This paper focuses on automatically generating masks, given a geometric model of the MEMS device and the process sequence (referred to here as the inverse problem). This necessitates the systematic solution of the forward problem, which involves automatically generating a geometric model of the MEMS device given the masks. A systematic and implementation-independent framework for the geometric modeling of MEMS is presented in order to solve the forward and inverse problems for general surface-micro-machined devices. However, all implementations and examples are two-dimensional, i.e., they do not deal with complexity in the third dimension.
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Gao, Feng, and Radha Sarma. "A Declarative Feature-Based Cross Sectional Design Tool for Surface Micromachined MEMS." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/cie-21775.
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Abstract Currently MEMS designers begin the geometric design of a new device by creating the masks that would lead to a geometric model. At the macro-level, this would be analogous to generating a geometric model from the tool paths, which would be a very tedious task. In contrast to MEMS designers, designers of macro-devices have the advantage of starting with a geometric model and of being able to directly visualize or manipulate their designs. The geometric model is then queried to generate manufacturing-related data. In the case of surface micromachined MEMS, until very recently, there has been no systematic means to automatically generate the mask data after a geometric model of the MEMS device has been refined through behavioral simulations. This has resulted in the lack of geometric design tools that would potentially aid the MEMS designer in creating MEMS devices. This paper focuses on developing a declarative, feature-based design tool for the cross sectional design of surface micromachined MEMS, which enables MEMS designers to create fabrication-ready models of MEMS devices in an intuitive environment that is transparent to the fabrication process. The structured nature of MEMS fabrication processes has been exploited to develop a design-by-features approach tailored to MEMS design. In comparison to most macro-design tools where a design-by-features approach does not provide full flexibility, in the case of MEMS, the structured nature of the fabrication process allows for a comprehensive definition of design features that can be systematically mapped to fabrication features. In addition, feature dependency graphs and constraint graphs enable feature reparametrization leading to the easy manipulation of MEMS designs.
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Li, Holden, Vipin Vitikkate, and Thomas Kenny. "High Speed Particles Separation Using Ultrasound for Lab-on-Chip Application." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61400.
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Engineers have long envisioned that a handheld portable blood diagnosis device would be able to give an accurate measurement of chemical content based on a very small sample in the shortest time possible. One of the immediate applications of such device is the Point Of Care (POC) diagnosis system, whereby a single drop of human blood would determine his health status. However, a major technical challenge lies in the ability to separate different particles, which in the case of human blood, is to separate red and white blood cells and plasma in a quick, cheap, reliable device with low power consumption (less than 100mW). In this paper, we present some preliminary results from our tests of ultrasound standing waves as a potential separation mechanism for blood cells. Micro Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique is the studies.
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Hoffman, Christopher D., A. H. Soni, and David F. Thompson. "A Passive Compliant Wrist Design for Robot Manipulators." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/flex-6018.
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Abstract Robot assembly in manufacturing systems is still a work-intensive process. A main difficulty that arises when trying to automate an assembly task with a robot is the precision required to position and orient the parts. This difficulty arises in several sources of error, such as robot accuracy, the gripping and presentation precision of pieces, and part tolerance. High requirements for part insertion also present a greater possibility for jamming of parts and bottlenecking of the assembly line. Using a compliant device mounted between the end effector of the robot and the gripper mechanism may relieve this situation. In order to achieve the reality of cheaper automation solutions by using robots in high precision insertion tasks, a passive compliant gripper device would need to be used. A passive design would supply the user with a “bolt-on” device that did not require any extra controllers or interfacing between the compliant wrist and the robot main controller, as is the case with an active or hybrid design. Using the wrist in operation, the number of damaged parts and the number of crashes by the robot would be reduced. Other compliant devices that are currently offered by commercial companies are compared with the proposed design and debated. After a study of existing compliant devices, a novel approach is presented. Utilizing an earthquake protection device for buildings as an initial idea fountain, a new compliant wrist design is formulated. The Passive Compliant Wrist design, based on a building support system, is exhibited in detail. A comprehensive discussion of the wrist in operation is also presented. The final design has also been verified using the dynamic motion simulation program, Working Model, by Knowledge Revolution.
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Raman, Ashok, D. G. Walker, and T. S. Fisher. "Non-Equilibrium Thermal Effects in Power Transistors." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24402.
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Abstract The present work considers electro-thermal simulation of LDMOS devices and associated non-equilibrium effects. Simulations have been performed on three kinds of LDMOS i.e. bulk Si, partial SOI and full SOI. From the analysis, the extent of thermal non-equilibrium is determined from phonon temperature contours and electron energies in each case. The results indicate that, under similar operating conditions, non-equilibrium is more significant in the case of full SOI devices. Time development of acoustic phonon and lattice temperatures, obtained using two different heat source terms, was studied. This study provided insight into the difference between localized device heating in the electrically active region. The variation of optical and acoustic phonon temperatures with time is presented, and is used to identify time scales where thermal non-equilibrium would be significant.
Reports on the topic "Wound care device"
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Paez, Kathryn, Rachel Shapiro, Lee Thompson, Erica Shelton, Lucy Savitz, Sarah Mossburg, Susan Baseman, and Amy Lin. Health System Panel To Inform and Encourage Use of Evidence Reports: Findings From the Implementation and Evaluation of Two Evidence-Based Tools. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepchealthsystempanel.
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Objectives. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) Program wants learning health systems (LHSs) to use the evidence from its reports to improve patient care. In 2018, to improve uptake of EPC Program findings, the EPC Program developed a project to enhance LHSs’ adoption of evidence to improve the quality and effectiveness of patient care. AHRQ contracted with the American Institutes for Research (AIR) and its partners to convene a panel of senior leaders from 11 LHSs to guide the development of tools to help health systems use findings from EPC evidence reports. The panel’s contributions led to developing, implementing, and evaluating two electronic tools to make the EPC report findings more accessible. AIR evaluated the LHSs’ use of the tools to understand (1) LHSs’ experiences with and impressions of the tools, (2) how well the tools helped them access evidence, and (3) how well the tools addressed barriers to LHS use of the EPC reports and barriers to applying the evidence from the reports. Data sources. (1) Implementation meetings with 6 LHSs; (2) interviews with 27 health system leaders and clinical staff who used the tools; and (3) website utilization metrics. Results. The tools were efficient and useful sources of summarized evidence to (1) inform systems change, (2) educate trainees and clinicians, (3) inform research, and (4) support shared decision making with patients and families. Clinical leaders appreciated the thoroughness and quality of the evidence reviews and view AHRQ as a trusted source of information. Participants found both tools to be valuable and complementary. Participants suggested optimizing the content for mobile device use to facilitate health system uptake of the tools. In addition, they felt it would be helpful to have training resources about tool navigation and interpreting the statistical content in the tools. Conclusions. The evaluation shows that LHSs find the tools to be useful resources for making the EPC Program reports more accessible to health system leaders. The tools have the potential to meet some, but not all, LHS evidence needs, while exposing health system leaders to AHRQ as a resource to help meet their information needs. The ability of the EPC reports to support LHSs in improving the quality of care is limited by the strength and robustness of the evidence, as well as the relevance of the report topics to patient care challenges faced by LHSs.
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Smit, Amelia, Kate Dunlop, Nehal Singh, Diona Damian, Kylie Vuong, and Anne Cust. Primary prevention of skin cancer in primary care settings. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/qpsm1481.
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Overview Skin cancer prevention is a component of the new Cancer Plan 2022–27, which guides the work of the Cancer Institute NSW. To lessen the impact of skin cancer on the community, the Cancer Institute NSW works closely with the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Advisory Committee, comprising governmental and non-governmental organisation representatives, to develop and implement the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy. Primary Health Networks and primary care providers are seen as important stakeholders in this work. To guide improvements in skin cancer prevention and inform the development of the next NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy, an up-to-date review of the evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care is required. A research team led by the Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the University of Sydney and Cancer Council NSW, was contracted to undertake an Evidence Check review to address the questions below. Evidence Check questions This Evidence Check aimed to address the following questions: Question 1: What skin cancer primary prevention activities can be effectively administered in primary care settings? As part of this, identify the key components of such messages, strategies, programs or initiatives that have been effectively implemented and their feasibility in the NSW/Australian context. Question 2: What are the main barriers and enablers for primary care providers in delivering skin cancer primary prevention activities within their setting? Summary of methods The research team conducted a detailed analysis of the published and grey literature, based on a comprehensive search. We developed the search strategy in consultation with a medical librarian at the University of Sydney and the Cancer Institute NSW team, and implemented it across the databases Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Central and CINAHL. Results were exported and uploaded to Covidence for screening and further selection. The search strategy was designed according to the SPIDER tool for Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Evidence Synthesis, which is a systematic strategy for searching qualitative and mixed-methods research studies. The SPIDER tool facilitates rigour in research by defining key elements of non-quantitative research questions. We included peer-reviewed and grey literature that included skin cancer primary prevention strategies/ interventions/ techniques/ programs within primary care settings, e.g. involving general practitioners and primary care nurses. The literature was limited to publications since 2014, and for studies or programs conducted in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Western Europe and Scandinavia. We also included relevant systematic reviews and evidence syntheses based on a range of international evidence where also relevant to the Australian context. To address Question 1, about the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings from the Evidence Check according to different skin cancer prevention activities. To address Question 2, about the barriers and enablers of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR is a framework for identifying important implementation considerations for novel interventions in healthcare settings and provides a practical guide for systematically assessing potential barriers and facilitators in preparation for implementing a new activity or program. We assessed study quality using the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence. Key findings We identified 25 peer-reviewed journal articles that met the eligibility criteria and we included these in the Evidence Check. Eight of the studies were conducted in Australia, six in the UK, and the others elsewhere (mainly other European countries). In addition, the grey literature search identified four relevant guidelines, 12 education/training resources, two Cancer Care pathways, two position statements, three reports and five other resources that we included in the Evidence Check. Question 1 (related to effectiveness) We categorised the studies into different types of skin cancer prevention activities: behavioural counselling (n=3); risk assessment and delivering risk-tailored information (n=10); new technologies for early detection and accompanying prevention advice (n=4); and education and training programs for general practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses regarding skin cancer prevention (n=3). There was good evidence that behavioural counselling interventions can result in a small improvement in sun protection behaviours among adults with fair skin types (defined as ivory or pale skin, light hair and eye colour, freckles, or those who sunburn easily), which would include the majority of Australians. It was found that clinicians play an important role in counselling patients about sun-protective behaviours, and recommended tailoring messages to the age and demographics of target groups (e.g. high-risk groups) to have maximal influence on behaviours. Several web-based melanoma risk prediction tools are now available in Australia, mainly designed for health professionals to identify patients’ risk of a new or subsequent primary melanoma and guide discussions with patients about primary prevention and early detection. Intervention studies have demonstrated that use of these melanoma risk prediction tools is feasible and acceptable to participants in primary care settings, and there is some evidence, including from Australian studies, that using these risk prediction tools to tailor primary prevention and early detection messages can improve sun-related behaviours. Some studies examined novel technologies, such as apps, to support early detection through skin examinations, including a very limited focus on the provision of preventive advice. These novel technologies are still largely in the research domain rather than recommended for routine use but provide a potential future opportunity to incorporate more primary prevention tailored advice. There are a number of online short courses available for primary healthcare professionals specifically focusing on skin cancer prevention. Most education and training programs for GPs and primary care nurses in the field of skin cancer focus on treatment and early detection, though some programs have specifically incorporated primary prevention education and training. A notable example is the Dermoscopy for Victorian General Practice Program, in which 93% of participating GPs reported that they had increased preventive information provided to high-risk patients and during skin examinations. Question 2 (related to barriers and enablers) Key enablers of performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Easy access and availability of guidelines and point-of-care tools and resources • A fit with existing workflows and systems, so there is minimal disruption to flow of care • Easy-to-understand patient information • Using the waiting room for collection of risk assessment information on an electronic device such as an iPad/tablet where possible • Pairing with early detection activities • Sharing of successful programs across jurisdictions. Key barriers to performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Unclear requirements and lack of confidence (self-efficacy) about prevention counselling • Limited availability of GP services especially in regional and remote areas • Competing demands, low priority, lack of time • Lack of incentives.
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Bonomo, Marco, Claudio R. Frischtak, and Paulo Ribeiro. Public Investment and Fiscal Crisis in Brazil: Finding Culprits and Solutions. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003199.
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We investigate the relation between existing fiscal rules and investments in the context of a fiscal crisis in Brazil. We analyze existing fiscal rules at national and subnational levels, their enforcement, and proposed alternatives. Using narrative analysis, case studies, interviews, empirical estimation, and model simulations, we conclude that public investment is not closely related to fiscal rules in Brazil but is mainly determined by fiscal conditions both at national and subnational (state) levels. It is the steady increase of personnel expenditures in real terms that underlies the fiscal deterioration of the last decade, despite the existence of fiscal rules devised to prevent it. We argue that a constitutional rule limiting subnationals personnel expenditures to 50 percent of net revenues, triggering adjustment measures when reaching 47.5 percent, would be an effective instrument for subnational fiscal management, opening fiscal space for increasing investments. At the national level, despite the existence of several fiscal rules, the only effective fiscal anchor is the primary expenditure ceiling introduced in 2016, which has successfully curbed expenditures, including those of the judiciary and legislature.
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Weinschenk, Craig, Daniel Madrzykowski, and Paul Courtney. Impact of Flashover Fire Conditions on Exposed Energized Electrical Cords and Cables. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/hdmn5904.
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A set of experiments was conducted to expose different types of energized electrical cords for lamps, office equipment, and appliances to a developing room fire exposure. All of the cords were positioned on the floor and arranged in a manner to receive a similar thermal exposure. Six types of cords commonly used as power supply cords, extension cords, and as part of residential electrical wiring systems were chosen for the experiments. The non-metallic sheathed cables (NMB) typically found in residential electrical branch wiring were included to provide a link to previous research. The basic test design was to expose the six different types of cords, on the floor of a compartment to a growing fire to determine the conditions under which the cord would trip the circuit breaker and/or undergo an arc fault. All of the cords would be energized and installed on a non-combustible surface. Six cord types (18-2 SPT1, 16-3 SJTW, 12-2 NM-B, 12-3 NM-B, 18-3 SVT, 18-2 NISPT-2) and three types of circuit protection (Molded case circuit breaker (MCCB), combination Arc-fault circuit interrupter (AFCI), Ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)) were exposed to six room-scale fires. The circuit protection was remote from the thermal exposure. The six room fires consisted of three replicate fires with two sofas as the main fuel source, two replicate fires with one sofa as the main fuel source and one fire with two sofas and MDF paneling on three walls in the room. Each fuel package was sufficient to support flashover conditions in the room and as a result, the impact on the cords and circuit protection was not significantly different. The average peak heat release rate of the sofa fueled compartment fires with gypsum board ceiling and walls was 6.8 MW. The addition of vinyl covered MDF wall paneling on three of the compartment walls increased the peak heat release rate to 12 MW, although most of the increased energy release occurred outside of the compartment opening. In each experiment during post flashover exposure, the insulation on the cords ignited and burned through, exposing bare conductor. During this period the circuits faulted. The circuit protection devices are not designed to provide thermal protection, and, thus, were installed remote from the fire. The devices operated as designed in all experiments. All of the circuit faults resulted in either a magnetic trip of the conventional circuit breaker or a ground-fault trip in the GFCI or AFCI capable circuit protection devices. Though not required by UL 1699, Standard for Safety for Arc-Fault Circuit-Interrupters as the solution for detection methodology, the AFCIs used had differential current detection. Examination of signal data showed that the only cord types that tripped with a fault to ground were the insulated conductors in non-metallic sheathed cables (12-2 NM-B and 12-3 NM-B). This was expected due to the bare grounding conductor present. Assessments of both the thermal exposure and physical damage to the cords did not reveal any correlation between the thermal exposure, cord damage, and trip type.
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Mizrach, Amos, Sydney L. Spahr, Ephraim Maltz, Michael R. Murphy, Zeev Schmilovitch, Jan E. Novakofski, Uri M. Peiper, et al. Ultrasonic Body Condition Measurements for Computerized Dairy Management Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568109.bard.
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The body condition (BC) score is recognized in the dairy industry as an essential tool for managing the energy reserves of the dairy cow, which is essential for sustaining optimal and efficient production over several lactations. The current use of BC scoring depends on the accuracy of subjective visual estimates, and this limits its kusefulness as a management aid in the dairy industry. A measuring tool that would frequently provide objective data on the cow's body reserves would be a major contribution to efficient dairy herd management. Ultrasonic sensors have the potential to be developed into an efficient BC measuring device, and the experimental use of such sensors for subcutaneous fat thickness (SDFT) estimates, as an indication for BC in beef cattle, supports this assumption. The purposes of this project were: 1. To compare visual BC scoring and ultrasonic fat thickness with on-line automated body weight (BW) measurements as monitors of nutritional adequacy of dairy cows at various stages of lactation. 2. To determine the effects of variation in digestive fill in early and late lactation on the accuracy of body weight measurements in lactating cows. 3. To modify an existing ultrasonic system and develop a specialized, low-cost sensor for repeatable determination of body condition scores by users with minimal training and skill. 4. To develop a standard for the assignment of body condition scores based on ultrasonic measurements of subdermal fat thickness. The procedure to execute these objectives involved: 1. Frequent measurement of BW, milk yield (MY), BC (visually scored) and subdermal fat thickness ultrasonically measured of dairy cows, and data analysis on average and individual basis. 2. Testing and selection of an appropriate special-purpose sensor, finding an optimum body location for working an ultrasonic measurement, prcessing the signals obtained, and correlating the resulting measurements with performance responses in lactating cows. Linking the ultrasonic signals to BC scores, and developing a BC scoring data acquisition system are the first steps towards fulfilling the necessary requirements for incorporating this device into an existing dairy herd management system, in order to provide the industry with a powerful managment tool. From the results obtained we could conclude that: 1. BC does not correlate with BW changes during all stages of lactation, although in general terms it does. These results were confirmed by individual cow BW and BC data obtained during the course of lactation, that were supported by individual objective ultrasonic measurement of SDFT. 2. BW changes reflect energy metabolism reliably ony after peak milk yield; early in lactation, a decrease in BW expresses mobilization of body reserves only qualitatively, and not quantitatively. 3. Gastrointestinal content increases throughout the whole period during which dry matter intake (DMI) increases. The drastic increase very early in lactation prevents the use of BW changes as a basis for quantitative estimatio of energy meatabolism; at this stage of lactation, konly a BC score or any other direct measurements willl provide a quantitative estimate of energy metabolism. 4. Ultrasonic measurements of subdermal fat thickness can be used to quantify changes that correlate with the actual condition of the cow, as assessed by performance and the traditional way of scoring. 5. To find the best site on the cow's body at which to obtain responses to BC and its changes in the course of lactation, additional sites have to be examined. From the present study, it seems that the sites between ribs 12 and 13 have the potential for this purpose. 6. The use of templates made it easier to repeat measurements at a desired site and spot. However, the convenient easy-to-handle way to standardize the measurement, described in this study, koffers scope for improvement. 7. The RF peak values of the A-mode are better indicators of the location of fat layer borders than image analysis, from the point of view of future commercial development. 8. The distances between the RF peaks of the A-mode can be automatically measured by suitable software, for future commercial development. 9. Proper analysis of daily body weight and milk yield data can provide the necessary information on body condition changes during lactation, until a direct BC measurement device is developed. 10. In any case, at least one visual BC assessment has to be done, preferably immediately after calving, for calibration purposes.
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Strategic Opportunities for U.S. Semiconductor Manufacturing. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.chips.1000.
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Semiconductors are critical to our Nation’s economic growth, national security, and public health and safety. Revolutionary advances in microelectronics continue to drive innovations in communications, information technology, health care, military systems, transportation, energy, and infrastructure. The potential for microelectronics to create transformational change is growing exponentially as they become smaller, faster, and more sophisticated—delivering unprecedented performance. Next-generation systems, devices, and related technologies are critical to addressing society’s most urgent needs. The nation that leads in microelectronics research, development, and manufacturing will lead in defining and reaping the benefits from dynamic shifts in technology. The ability to cost-effectively manufacture complex next-generation microelectronics devices and integrate them in novel systems and packages is a growing challenge, compounded by ever-greater requirements for performance, functionality, and security. To strengthen the U.S. position in semiconductors, Congress authorized a set of programs known as the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors for America Act (CHIPS Act) as part of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2021 (Pub. L. No. 116-283). These programs would help restore U.S. leadership in microelectronics manufacturing and ensure America’s supply of leading-edge products by providing incentives and encouraging investment to expand production capacity and grow the innovation ecosystem for microelectronics research and development (R&D). Leveraging decades of experience in next generation devices, systems, and related technologies, NIST has a specific role authorized under the CHIPS Act to undertake critical metrology R&D that will strengthen the domestic semiconductor industry.