Academic literature on the topic 'World War II in Poland'

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Journal articles on the topic "World War II in Poland"

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Platek, Monika, and Chris W. Eskridge. "Corrections in Poland Following World War II." Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 24, no. 1-2 (December 1996): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j076v24n01_02.

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Kaźmierska, Kaja. "Narratives on World War II in Poland." History of the Family 7, no. 2 (January 2002): 281–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1081-602x(02)00096-9.

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Landau, Zbigniew. "Integration of Monetary Systems in Poland after World War I and World War II." Studia Historiae Oeconomicae 26, no. 1 (June 1, 2006): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sho.2006.26.1.003.

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A well-functioning monetary system has always been an essential element of a normally functioning economy. When after 1918 and in 1944-1945 the economy of Poland was disorganized both as a result of war damage and in consequence of the policies of occupants' administrations, restoration of an efficient monetary system turned out to be one of the most urgent tasks of the state. In Poland, the situation after the world wars was particularly difficult, since the occupying powers consciously had developed monetary systems which suited their war effort, not the future goals of the Polish state.
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Haltof, Marek. "Film Theory in Poland Before World War II." Canadian Slavonic Papers 40, no. 1-2 (March 1998): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00085006.1998.11092175.

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KOSTRZEWA-ZORBAS, Grzegorz. "GERMAN REPARATIONS TO POLAND FOR WORLD WAR II ON GLOBAL BACKGROUND." National Security Studies 14, no. 2 (December 19, 2018): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37055/sbn/132131.

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No other country in the world suffered a greater measurable and verifiable loss of human and material resources than Poland during World War II in 1939-1945. According to the first approximation, the value of human and material losses inflicted to Poland by Nazi Germany amounts to 6.495 trillion US dollars of 2018.However, Poland never received war reparations from Germany. The article is a preliminary survey of the complex issue – conducted in an interdisciplinary way combining elements of legal, economic, and political analysis, because the topic belongs to the wide and multidisciplinary field of national and international security. Refuted in the article is an internationally popular myth that communist Poland unilaterally renounced German war reparations in 1953. Then the article discusses the global background of the topic in the 20th and 21st centuries – in particular, the case of Greece whose reparations claims Germany rejects like the Polish claims, and major cases of reparations actually paid: by Germany for World War I, by Germany to Israel and Jewish organizations for the Holocaust, by Japan for World War II – at 966 billion US dollars of 2018, the largest reparations ever – and by and Iraq for the Gulf War. The article concludes with a discussion of necessary further research with advanced methodology of several sciences, and of a possible litigation before the International Court of Justice – or a diplomatic solution to the problem of war reparations.
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ŁACH, Wiesław. "PROBLEM OF SECURITY IN NORTHERN POLAND FOLLOWING WORLD WAR II." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 161, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 258–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0002.3085.

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This article focuses predominantly on analysing the role of the northern area of Poland in the security system of Poland following World War II. The separation of the area from the national defence system of the country resulted from the specific nature of incorporating a part of the former Eastern Prussia into Poland and its neighbourhood with the Soviet Union.In view of the Polish national administration, the area included the Olsztyn Voivodeship and part of the Gdansk Voivodeship east of the Vistula and the Bialystok Voivodeship bordering the Kaliningrad District. According to the military division of the country, the area was part of the Warsaw Military District and the Pomeranian Military District.The time frame was determined by the establishment and ultimate designation of the northern border in 1957, when Poland and the Soviet Union signed a treaty regarding the marking of the existing national border between Poland and the Soviet Union adhering to the Baltic Sea (5 March 1957).The article examines the political and military circumstances in which Poland’s northern border was determined, it assesses it operationally and determines the status of the northern area of Poland in the country’s security system.The subject has not been widely examined and literary sources are scarce. Most of the materials can be found in the Central Military Archives and the Border Guard Archives in Kętrzyn.Northern Poland has always been a key operational area, yet its defensive weakness, in the former political arrangement, was greatly affected by the proximity of the Soviet Union. The problem of defending Poland’s northern border was a dilemma that was increasingly growing in difficulty over the years. There were a large number of factors causing it, and it was in the sphere of defence that they manifested themselves most visibly.
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Czepita, D. A., and A. Kładna. "History of epidemiological myopia research in Poland after World War II." Russian Ophthalmological Journal 11, no. 4 (December 11, 2018): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21516/2072-0076-2018-11-4-108-111.

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So far, no article concerning the history of epidemiological studies on myopia in Poland after World War II has been published. Therefore, the aim of the work is to present the history of epidemiological studies on myopia in Poland after World War II. In order to obtain answers to the research questions, studies of source and archival materials were conducted. It turned out that the leading centers in Poland conducting research on myopia were the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin and the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice.
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Banbula, Joanna. "Jewish sport associations in Poland before World War II." Israel Affairs 25, no. 4 (June 7, 2019): 754–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2019.1626103.

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Stańczyk, Ewa. "Commemorating Young Victims of World War II in Poland." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 28, no. 3 (May 6, 2014): 614–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325414532495.

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Bykowska, Sylwia. "The impact of World War II on the population of Gdańsk." History in flux 1, no. 1 (December 21, 2019): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32728/flux.2019.1.7.

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The article discusses the impact of World War II on the fortunes of the population of Gdańsk, which was incorporated into Poland together with eastern parts of Germany. The development of ethnic relationships in the areas described in post-war Poland as the "regained territories" was determined by the national idea. The German population was resettled, whilst the people of the Polish-German borderlands had to prove their ethnic usefulness by means of ethnic vetting. In Gdańsk, this applied mainly to the inhabitants of the pre-war Free City of Danzig.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "World War II in Poland"

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Richter, Yvonne. "World War II moments in our family /." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-09012006-152739/.

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Thesis (honors)--Georgia State University, 2006.
Title from title screen. Under the direction of Josh Russell. Electronic text (71 p. : ill., ports.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed June 8, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-71).
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Tatar, Jeremy Piotr. "Occupied Memory: Polish Composers and German Music after the Second World War." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17912.

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The occupation of Poland by Germany and the Soviet Union during the Second World War had profoundly negative impacts on Polish cultural life. Although conflict ostensibly ended in 1945, the ensuing four decades of communist rule proved just as devastating. Until now, much of the discourse on Poland has concentrated on the effects and legacy of Communism, while consideration of the ‘German question’ has largely been neglected. Using the composers Witold Lutosławski (1913–1994) and Henryk Górecki (1933–2010) as case studies, this thesis focuses on the web of musical interactions between Germany and Poland in the decades following WWII, tracing how these composers came to terms with the music of their occupiers. The investigation is driven by questions intersecting with issues of memory, aesthetics, and national identity: what were Lutosławski and Górecki’s attitudes toward pre-war German music? Did they have similar responses to post-war German music? How were they able to face these problems against the backdrop of Soviet hegemony? Above all, the fundamental debate over music’s ineffable, abstract qualities persists: to what extent is music (and art in general) able to transcend messy cultural concerns, and remain untainted by political events? In asking these questions, I probe the complex artistic landscape of mid-century Eastern Europe, along with music’s specific role in this process of negotiation. Both composers responded quite differently to Poland’s cultural landscape after 1945. Lutosławski retreated into abstraction and sought refuge in realms of music deemed absolute, while Górecki, on the other hand, moved in the opposite direction toward a musical style grounded in the here-and-now, and tethered umbilically to concerns of the everyday. Also telling are the similarities between them: a shared love of Bach and Viennese Classicism, a more equivocal relationship with Schoenberg and his followers, and an underlying, deeply wrought humanism.
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Campbell, Patrick E. Jr. "What Would Be the Harm?: Soviet Rule in Eastern Poland, 1939-1941." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1187300852.

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Buras, Piotr. "1945 und die Polen." Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/974/.

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The current series of anniversaries concerning World War II raise the question of how Poland is coming to terms with its past.
The article summarises the ongoing Polish debate about the Warsaw Uprising and the changing perspectives on Polish history in society and political circles.
The discussion about Poland’s view on its own past has great influence on recent foreign political relations, e.g. with Germany, the Ukraine, or Russia.
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Dojs, Marek Ryszard. "Sights and Sounds of the Mysterious Side of Myself." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc11050/.

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This film is an autobiographical documentary which tells the story of the process of documenting the filmmaker's trip to his land of heritage. As his plans for his journey and film begin to go awry, he begins to question the entire process of trying to connect with nation and place.
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Musioł, Anna. "Westerplatte : Gemeinsamer Erinnerungsort oder gespaltenes Symbol?" Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4130/.

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Für die polnische Geschichtswahrnehmung stellt die Westerplatte – eine kleine Halbinsel bei Gdańsk – ein Symbol des heldenhaften Widerstandes und des aussichtslosen Kampfes gegen Nazi-Deutschland dar. Zu der Gedenkfeier anlässlich des 70. Jahrestags des Kriegsbeginns haben sich am 1. September 2009 auf der Westerplatte rund 20 europäischen Staats- und Regierungschefs versammelt. Die Inhalte, die in den Reden der zentralen Akteure der Gedenkfeier signalisiert wurden, bilden wichtige Referenzpunkte in der nationalen wie supranationalen Aufarbeitung der tragischen Geschichte des vergangenen Jahrhunderts. Im Mittelpunkt des Papers steht das Problem der Wahrnehmung der Geschichte des Zweiten Weltkrieges, das hier an den Auslegungsprozessen in Hinblick auf die Figur Westerplatte an den vier zentralen Reden der Spitzenpolitiker verfolgt und diskursanalytisch ausgewertet wird.
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Martin, Léa. "Zone grise des politiques d'occupation et de la politique identitaire nationale-socialiste à l'égard des populations allemandes à l'étranger : le cas des prétendus représentants de la "germanité" du district de Lublin (1939-1945)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NANU2002.

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Le présent travail esquisse les grands traits d’une recherche menée sur une catégorie de la population polonaise soumise à l’occupation nazie dans le district de Lublin, les Volksdeutsche. Censés incarner, selon l’idéologie raciale nazie, de parfaits descendants d’Allemands, leur identification sur le terrain pose en réalité de multiples problèmes aux autorités d’occupation. À la fois réalité physique et concept identitaire erratique et fallacieux, les prétendus représentants de la germanité en Pologne témoignent de l’enjeu capital que constitue l’identité dans l’exceptionnalité du temps de la guerre ; non seulement pour ceux qui imposent le cadre définitionnel, mais également pour les populations qui y sont soumises
This work provides an overview of research on a specific category of the Polish population who lived in the district of Lublin under Nazi occupation. According to Nazi racial ideology, these Volksdeutsche were naturally German through their ancestry. However, Nazi authorities encountered various problems in trying to actually identify these people. Physical beings with a conceptual identity that was both erratic and fallacious, the so-called representatives of Germanity in Poland personify how central the question of identity can be under the exceptional conditions of war ; not only for those who impose racial definitions but also for those who are affected by them
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Steinsieck, Abigail Rose. "The Third Occupation: Polish Memory, Victimhood, and Populism." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1587735544409326.

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Robak, Kazimierz. "In Poland World War I ended in 1923." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001119.

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Zhang, Yibin. "Crossroads A World War II story." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1523219.

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There is a vacancy in history, a vacancy that contains a crucial understanding and hinders us from comprehending history as a whole. The emptiness that we feel does not come from dissipated events or hollow periods. It comes from a lack of perspective, or an absence of empathetic dispositions.

To elucidate this disconcerting question, I developed a project called Crossroads, which is an interactive narrative piece that can be used as a tool to let people view World War II history from numerous lives. This is a collective project that follows different characters that lived during World War II. Just by observing the content, the viewer can see how the war impacted their lives. Some characters in my project may have crossed paths with each other during the World War II period, but may have dramatically different impression afterwards.

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Books on the topic "World War II in Poland"

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Wróbel, Piotr. The devil's playground: Poland in World War II. Montreal, Quebec: Canadian Foundation for Polish Studies of the Polish Institute of Arts & Sciences, 2000.

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Hempel, Andrew. Poland in World War II: An illustrated military history. New York: Hippocrene Books, 2000.

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Stańczyk, Ewa. Commemorating the Children of World War II in Poland. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32262-5.

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Pawłowski, Edward. Wojska szybkie II Rzeczypospolitej. Toruń: Wydawn. Nauk. WSOWRiA, 1993.

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Zbigniew, Mieczkowski, ed. The Soldiers of general Maczek in World War II. Warsaw: Foundation for the Commemoration of General Maczek First Polish Armoured Division, 2004.

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Harper, John Lamberton. The Polish question during World War II. Washington, D.C: Foreign Policy Institute, Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, 1990.

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Fish, Kevin. Panzer Regiment 8 in World War II: Poland, France, North Africa. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 2008.

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Gres, Anna. We survived the horrors of World War II. New York: Vantage Press, 2010.

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Gilbert, Adrian. The campaigns of World War II: Germany's lightning war. Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 2000.

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Superson, Edward T. Poland, occupied in World War II, and holocaust, 1939-1945: Philatelic history. [S.l.]: E.T. Superson, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "World War II in Poland"

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Nowicki, Maciej. "Europe after World War II." In Environment in Poland, 15–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1731-9_2.

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Thomasberger, Claus. "After World War II." In The Routledge Handbook on Karl Polanyi, 170–81. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003336747-18.

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Stańczyk, Ewa. "Children in World War II: Poland and Beyond." In Commemorating the Children of World War II in Poland, 21–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32262-5_2.

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Baraniecka-Olszewska, Kamila. "Past/present, here/there: reenactors' space-time." In World War II Historical Reenactment in Poland, 104–21. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003054450-6.

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Baraniecka-Olszewska, Kamila. "Re-history: the subject of experience in historical reenactment." In World War II Historical Reenactment in Poland, 18–29. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003054450-2.

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Baraniecka-Olszewska, Kamila. "The legitimisation of authenticity." In World War II Historical Reenactment in Poland, 86–103. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003054450-5.

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Baraniecka-Olszewska, Kamila. "Can everything be reenacted?" In World War II Historical Reenactment in Poland, 154–77. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003054450-9.

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Baraniecka-Olszewska, Kamila. "Concluding remarks." In World War II Historical Reenactment in Poland, 178–84. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003054450-10.

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Baraniecka-Olszewska, Kamila. "Impression." In World War II Historical Reenactment in Poland, 122–37. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003054450-7.

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Baraniecka-Olszewska, Kamila. "Introduction." In World War II Historical Reenactment in Poland, 1–17. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003054450-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "World War II in Poland"

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Biliszczuk, J., P. Hawryszkow, R. Toczkiewicz, and K. Żółtowski. "Outstanding Civil Engineering Structures Built in Poland." In IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0026.

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<p>The development of civil engineering in Poland over 1000 years was discussed. Particular attention was paid to outstanding innovative constructions created after World War II. Innovative buildings, halls, stadiums, masts, high-rises and bridges were presented. It was in Poland where the first welded steel road bridge in Europe and the highest mast in the world were built. Europe's largest extradosed and innovative arched and composite bridges have been built recently.</p>
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Szmitkowska, Agata. "FROM THE LUFTWAFFE HEADQUARTERS TO A SANATORIUM”. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE HOLIDAY RESORT OF THE WARSAW EXECUTIVE BOARD OF THE TRADE UNION OF THE BOOK, PRESS AND RADIO EMPLOYEES IN GOŁDAP, MASURIA." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/26.

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This article presents the architecture, origin and the vicissitudes of the holiday resort which was dedicated to employees of the state media institutions of that time and which is representative of Polish holiday centres in Poland in the 1970s. It was developed near a town called Gołdap in northern Poland in the area of the Masurian Lake District which constituted a part of German East Prussia before 1945. The centre was planned in the land which operated as the Main Headquarters of the General Command of Luftwaffe during II World War. One of the key principles assumed by the designer of the holiday resort was not only the use of the natural advantages of the place but also the maximum adaptation of the preserved facilities, the foundations of the buildings and the infrastructure of the former military complex. The unusual architecture, attractive location and the scale of the constructed complex bespoke of the investors’ considerable wealth. The history of the centre entwined closely with important events in general history and the political and economic changes which occurred in Poland after 1989 determined the decision to introduce a new function of a sanatorium to the facility. The complex was then partially reconstructed and developed. This article was based on a number of researches. A detailed analysis was made of the related archival materials and scientific publications. A comparative analysis was conducted of the architecture of the centre and other facilities used for the same purpose which had been built in the 1960s and 1970s in Poland. The required field studies and photographic documentation of all the premises were performed simultaneously.
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Бидношия, Юрий. "Graphic presentation of dialect-ethnographic texts of Western Polissia." In Patrimoniul cultural: cercetare, valorificare, promovare. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/9789975351379.25.

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Western Polessia is a region divided after World War II by the state borders between Ukraine, Belarus and Poland. This was reflected not only in the languages of education, the general cultural background, but also, in particular, on the principles of presentation of dialectethnographic texts. When compiling and editing the volume “Ethnographic Image of Ukrainians Abroad. Corpus of expeditionary folklore and ethnographic materials” (part 1, 2019), we encountered different graphic design of dialectal and ethnographic texts of Western Polissia in publications from different countries. The volume contains texts from the territory of Brest region (Belarus) and Northern Podlasie (Poland), recorded by the staff of the Rylsky Institute of Art Studies, Folklore and Ethnology, as well as kindly provided by other researchers’ published and unpublished materials, collected since the early 1970s. As this volume is adjacent to the 10-volume collection of field materials “Ethnographic Image of Ukraine”, it became necessary to unify the graphic presentation of Western Polissia texts from different regions and different scientific schools. The developed algorithms for metagraphing of texts from the phonetic transcription of AUM and the special system of F. Klimchuk made it possible to present them in a unified and accessible way for non-philological readers. This emphasizes the unity of the Western Polissian dialect and the cultural continuum.
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Hanzl, Malgorzata. "Self-organisation and meaning of urban structures: case study of Jewish communities in central Poland in pre-war times." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5098.

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In spatial, social and cultural pluralism, the questions of human intentionality and socio-spatial emergence remain central to social theory (Portugali 2000, p.142). The correlation between individual preferences, values and intentions, and actual behaviour and actions, is subject to Portugali’s theory of self-organisation (2000). Compared to Gidden’s structuralism, which focuses on society and groups, the point of departure for Portugali (2000) are individuals and their personal choices. The key feature in how complex systems `self-organise', is that they `interpret', the information that comes from the environment (Portugali 2006). The current study explores the urban environment formerly inhabited, and largely constructed, by Jews in two central Polish districts: Mazovia and Lodz, before the tragedy of the Holocaust. While the Jewish presence lasted from the 11th century until the outbreak of World War II, the most intensive development took place in the 19th century, together with the civilisation changes introduced by industrialisation. Embracing the everyday habits of Jewish citizens endows the neighbourhood structures they once inhabited with long gone meanings, the information layer which once helped organise everyday life. The main thesis reveals that Jewish communities in pre-war Poland represented an example of a self-organising society, one which could be considered a prototype of contemporary postmodern cultural complexity. The mapping of this complexity at the scale of a neighbourhood is a challenge, a method for which is addressed in the current paper. The above considerations are in line with the empirical studies of the relations between Jews and Poles, especially in large cities, where more complex socio-cultural processes could have occurred. References: Eco, U. (1997) ‘Function and Sign: The Semiotics of Architecture’, in Leich, N. (ed.) Rethinking Architecture: A reader in cultural theory (Routledge Taylor &amp; Francis Group, London) 182–202. Hillier, B. and Hanson, J. (2003) The Social Logic of Space (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge). Marshall, S. (2009) Cities, Design and Evolution (Routledge, Abingdon, New York). Portugali, J. (2000) Self-Organization and the City, (Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg). Portugali, J. (2006) ‘Complexity theory as a link between space and place’, Environment and Planning A 38(4) 647–664.
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MARCYSIAK, Tomasz, and Piotr PRUS. "AUTO-ETHNOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES AS AN EFFICIENT TOOL FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF RURAL SOCIAL CAPITAL AND LOCAL IDENTITY." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.164.

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Many regions in Poland are said to be a unique example of preservation of cultural heritage. These include many examples of Pomorskie, Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Wielkopolskie and Dolnoslaskie voivodships. These regions are known to preserve the traditional way of life and customs as well as the architecture, especially the sacral architecture. It is also much easier to build mutual trust and social capital in them, because people from those regions can always refer to the universal values of their ancestors. However, there are also regions which, under the influence of migration and post-displacement processes after World War II, have lost their cultural and social character. Economic emigrants and displaced people from the Eastern Borderlands and Central Poland shared poverty and desire to settle. Will they succeed, and is there a chance to recreate and build a new identity? Those are the questions we are trying to answer, and the following article presents some of the results. By moving the border of autobiographical and ethnographic methods, authors adopt an autoethnographic method (narrative interviews, participant observation, biographical methods), which means turning to narratives as a way of research and as an expression of the search for a different relationship between the researcher and the subject and between the author and the reader. The researchers use their own experiences as a source of description of the culture in which they participate and examine. As a result, the text is a story created by the local community and researchers, aimed at reproducing and creating identity in the post-immigrant rural communities based on experienced and historical memory. The research was conducted in the years 2016-2017 in the above mentioned voivodships.
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Przewiezlikowska, Anna. "Right-of-way for Transmission Facilities as Regulation of Legal Relationships Regarding Real Estate between the Real Estate Owner and the Transmission Entity." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.233.

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In Poland, after World War II, most of the technical infrastructure was built based on a construction permit, and without a legal title to a given real property. Therefore, a necessity arose for the regulation of property rights where technical infrastructure was built. For the establishment of the right-of-way for transmission facilities it is essential to regulate the legal relationships between the owner of the real estate and the transmission entity and their entry into the land and mortgage register. The extent of the granted right-of-way determines the value of consideration for the owner of the encumbered property. This study analyzes the rules for the determination, establishment and surveying preparation of the right-of-way for various types of transmission facilities. First a thorough examination of the legal status of the real property was required and then the extent of the necessary right-of-way to be established for the given facilities was analyzed. The next stage of the study involved determining the extent of the rights-of-way and appropriate protective zones for the networks pursuant to the relevant technical guidelines. The analysis revealed significant diversity of legal regulations on the establishment of the right-of-way for the specific types of public utilities.
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Kolomiiciuk, Oleksandr. "A break of tradition: the case of deported ukrainians from Western Boykivshchyna in 1947." In Ethnology Symposium "Ethnic traditions and processes", Edition II. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/9789975333788.29.

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In this article, based on the materials of the author’s search ethnographic expeditions аnd published works, by the example of ritual culture the result of breaking tradition of Ukrainians from Western Boykivshchyna, who were displaced within the framework of ’Operation Vistula’ have been analysed. It was the forced resettlement of approximately 150,000 Ukrainians and mixed Polish-Ukrainian families from the territory of Rzeszów, Lublin and Krakow provinces (Voivodeships) to the western and northern territories of Poland (1947–1950). After the deportation of the Ukrainians, the processes of accelerated breaking of both their the way of life and the unique world of traditional culture with its archaic customs and rites have begun. This was actively facilitated by local government policies aimed at inciting inter-ethnic tensions, creating difficult relations with representatives of various regional groups of the Polish ethnic community, as well as censure and ridicule of the traditional elements of the folk culture of re-settlers by their neighbors. Nevertheless, with the help of tradition (in ritual form or in form of their memories), re-settlers from Western Boykivshchyna continue to keep memory of their own (non) traumatic past, and, based on it, construct their own identity in the perspective of modernity.
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Zobel, H., A. Al.-Khafaji, W. Karwowski, P. Mossakowski, and M. Wróbel. "Poniatowski Bridge & Viaduct in Warsaw – Safety of People and Structure Versus Conservation Requirement." In IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.1197.

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<p>Poniatowski Bridge and Viaduct across Vistula River in Warsaw, Poland was damaged during I and II World War and rebuild after them. Total length of the bridge is 504.00 m and of the viaduct is 701.00 m. From 50- ties XX century up to now both of them were modernized 3 times at least. The piers and foundations are more than 100 years old. Concrete girders of the viaduct (35 spans) are in similar age but were repaired in 80-ties. The frame concrete stiffeners were exchanged in that time as well as the deck (steel gird with concrete plate). The same kind of deck is placed on steel girders of four truss spans and four arch spans of the bridge. The first ones are 30 years old but the second one serve from 1946. During this long history everything was changed – materials, traffic loads and environmental requirements about vibration of structure and noise generated by trams and cars. Bicycle traffic also groves rapidly. All of these factors force modernization according to contemporary requirements but against many conservation regulations.</p>
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Węcławowicz-Gyurkovich, Ewa. "Image of a Hanseatic city in the latest Polish architectural solutions." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8086.

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The problem of the reconstruction of centres of Polish towns and cities after the destructions of the World War II evoke discussions even today. Over the first years after the war, in numerous cases the centres of historical cities and towns were lost; in the place of former market squares and networks of streets with tenements crowned with endwall trims, randomly dispersed concrete blocks of flats were erected, in order to satisfy urgent housing demands. The situation changed after 1980, when in Elbląg, Gdańsk, Szczecin, Kołobrzeg, a rule was adopted according to which the peripheral development of city quarters was to be recreated, restoring tenements located in historical plots of land, but contemporary in style, maintaining the silhouettes and sizes from years before. It is also possible to observe other activities in the solutions of the latest public utility buildings, which - often by using a sophisticated intellectual play - restore the climate and character of cities remembered and known from the past centuries. In the west and north of Europe there are many towns and cities, predominantly ports, which used to be members of Hansa. The organisation of Hansa, the origins of which reach back to the Middle Ages, associated a number of cities which could decide about the provision of goods to cities within a specific territory, and secure markets for products manufactured in them. Thanks to that, cities that belonged to Hansa were developing more rapidly and effectively, and the beginnings of their development within the territory of Germany and in the Baltic states date back to the 13th and 14th centuries. The peak period of the development of Hanseatic cities, where merchants were engaged in free trade with people from European countries, fell in the 14th and 15th centuries, but already in the 17th century there was a complete decline of Hansa, resulting from the occurrence of competition in the form of associations of Dutch and English cities, as well as the Scandinavian ones. From amongst Polish towns and cities, members of Hansa were e.g. Szczecin, Gdańsk, Kołobrzeg, Elbląg, as well as Cracow. In 1980 an association of partner cities of North Europe, dubbed a New Hansa, was established, the objective of which is to attract attention to the common development of tourism and trade. Nowadays, this New Hansa associates over a hundred cities, similarly to what once was in the medieval Hansa. Numerous Polish cities faced the problem of reconstruction after the destruction of the World War II. The effects varied. By adopting the programme of satisfying predominantly housing demands in the 1960s and 1970s, historical old towns in dozens of cities from amongst nearly 2 hundred destroyed by warfare of the World War II in the north and west of Poland were lost forever. Today we can still encounter ruins of Gothic churches in Głogów or Gubin, where in the place of a market square and tenements of townsmen, randomly located rows of typical four- or five-storey blocks of flats have been erected.
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Dias, Rui, Catarina Revez, Nicole Horta, Paula Heliodoro, and Paulo Alexandre. "Impact of Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine on Central and Eastern European Capital Markets." In 8th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2022.71.

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On February 24th, 2022, Russia launched a full-scale military in­vasion against Ukraine, marking a sharp escalation to a conflict that began in 2014. Several analysts have called the invasion the largest military inva­sion in Europe since World War II. Considering these events this paper aims to test the efficient market hypothesis, in its weak form, in the capital mar­kets of Hungary (BUX), Croatia (CROBEX), Russia (IMOEX), the Czech Repub­lic (PX PRAGUE), Slovenia (SBITOP), and Poland (WIG) over the period from April 25th, 2017, to April 22nd, 2022. The results show that the random walk hypothesis is not supported by the analyzed financial markets in this peri­od with the occurrence of the 2020 global pandemic and the Russian inva­sion of Ukraine. The values of the variance ratios are less than unity, imply­ing that the returns are autocorrelated over time and mean-reverting, and no differences between the financial markets have been identified. This has implications for investors, since some returns may be expected, creating ar­bitrage opportunities and abnormal returns, contrary to the assumptions of random walk and informational efficiency. In conclusion, we believe that in­vestors should eventually exercise some caution, at least while this uncer­tainty persists, and invest in less risky markets to mitigate risk and improve the efficiency of their portfolios.
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Reports on the topic "World War II in Poland"

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Krakowski, Krzysztof, and Max Schaub. Elite murder and popular resistance: Evidence from post-World War II Poland. UNU-WIDER, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2022/281-2.

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Fernández, Iván Escobar. COMTOG Report: ‘My Memory of Us’ — Boosting Historical Memory Through Implicit Visual Metaphors. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0037.

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My Memory of Us is a narrative-driven puzzle-adventure video game developed by Juggler Games. The game is set in a fictional version of Poland during World War II and tells the story of a young boy and girl who must navigate through a city that has been divided into two parts: one for Jews and one for non-Jews. The game features hand-drawn art, puzzle-solving, and stealth elements, as well as a unique memory-manipulation mechanic that allows players to change the past to solve puzzles and progress through the story. The game received positive reviews for its story and art. Overall, My Memory of Us is a touching and emotional game that tells a story of friendship, love, and survival during a war.
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Gordon, Robert. Did Economics Cause World War II? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14560.

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Short, Edward C. Malta: Strategic Impact During World War II. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada378250.

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Pirnie, Bruce R. Soviet Deception Operations in World War II. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada165980.

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Packard, Jerrold. The European neutrals in World War II. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5866.

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Viale, Charles R. Prelude to War: Japan's Goals and Strategy in World War II. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada202272.

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Gross, Daniel, and Bhaven Sampat. Organizing Crisis Innovation: Lessons from World War II. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27909.

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Loben Sels, James A. van. The 37th Bombardment Squadron's Service in World War II. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada407825.

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Gwinn, John C. Scratched: World War II Airborne Operations That Never Happened. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada612164.

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