Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'World War, 1939-1945 – France – Drama'
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Burton, Kathleen M. "The Christian resistance in France during the Second World War : its uniqueness and obscurity /." View abstract, 2000. http://library.ctstateu.edu/ccsu%5Ftheses/1581.html.
Full textThesis advisor: Marie-Claire Rohinsky. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts [in Modern Languages]." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-101).
Jarymowycz, Roman J. "The quest for operational maneuver in the Normandy campaign : Simonds and Montgomery attempt the armoured breakout." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34742.
Full textThe Canadian Cavalry, prompted by Blitzkrieg's triumphs, effortlessly evolved into a tank force---virtually overnight. Canadian doctrine, however, was ersatz. Denied its own vast training areas, the RCAC was sandwiched into southern England and saddled with British warfighting techniques developed in the Western Desert. In Normandy, Canadian operational art was driven by Generals Simonds and Crerar, both gunners, who had neither the skill nor experience to conduct armoured warfare. Hampered by General Montgomery's inability to reproduce a strategic offensive comparable to that demonstrated on the Russian front, Allied armoured forces were squandered in mismanaged frontal attacks.
In the United States, the attempts to protect the horse forced a praetorian's revolt that ended with General Chaffee garroting the US Cavalry, eliminating it from future battlefields. The doctrinal dominance of the American Armored Force was subsequently threatened by a cabal under artillery General Leslie McNair who imposed the Tank Destroyer philosophy. Internecine squabbles and economic nationalism prevented America from producing a tank capable of meeting German panzers on even terms. Though failing technically, the US Armored force succeeded doctrinally via the Louisiana maneuvers and produced a balanced Armored Division. General Bradley's 12th Army Group arrived in France with a purposeful dogma that had been further refined at the Combat Command, Divisional, and Corps level in North Africa and Sicily.
American armour maneuvered during Operation Cobra but it did not fight massed panzers; this was soon redressed in Lorraine where American armoured doctrine reached tactical maturity. Canadian armour fought tank battles throughout Operations Spring, Totalize and Tractable, but it did not maneuver. American and Canadian armour's best opportunity for strategic victory occurred in Normandy. The Canadians, despite better tanks and favourable terrain, failed operationally and received no second chance.
Woodfork, Jacqueline Cassandra. "Senegalese soldiers in the Second World War : loyalty and identity politics in the French colonial army /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008471.
Full textLanglois, Suzanne 1954. "La résistance dans le cinéma français de fiction (1944-1994) /." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42073.
Full textJones, Benjamin F. "Freeing France the Allies, the Resistance, and the JEDBURGHs." Lawrence, KS : University of Kansas, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA488406.
Full textPearson, Chris. "War on the land : an environmental history of the Second World War and its aftermath in South Eastern France, 1939-1945." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/c756556a-201f-4102-9598-36aa8d064b30.
Full textWoolner, David B. 1955. "Storm in the north Atlantic : the St. Pierre and Miquelon affair of 1941." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59988.
Full textThis thesis, then, will examine the events which led up to this crisis, and will attempt to ascertain what significance, if any, it had on the conduct of the war as a whole.
Goldenstedt, Christiane. "Les femmes dans la Résistance." Herbolzheim : Centaurus-Verl, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2842449&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Full textFloto, Mark Edward 1959, and Mark Edward 1959 Floto. "France 1940: the anatomy of a rout." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558055.
Full textFlint, E. R. "The Development of British civil affairs and its employment in the British sector of allied military operations during the Battle of Normandy, June to August 1944." Thesis, Department of Applied Science, Security and Resilience, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4017.
Full textWhite, Brook. "ANOTHER FORGOTTEN ARMY: THE FRENCH EXPEDITIONARY CORPS IN ITALY,1943-1944." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2595.
Full textM.A.
Department of History
Arts and Humanities
History MA
Rossé, Christian. "Les échanges de l'ombre : passages des services de renseignements suisse et alliés à travers la frontière de l'Arc jurassien 1939-1945." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BELF0010/document.
Full textThe Franco-Swiss border was well guarded during the French occupation, on the one side by the Germans, seconded by the French customs and on the other, by the Swiss. Border crossings were strictly controlled and the border was supposed to be water-tight. The French side of the border was doubled by a first zone accessible only by special authorisation, and a second forbidden zone 1 to 3 km wide stretching along the frontier. In the minds of the German occupying forces, this corridor along the border was supposed to be a no man’s land in which only the border guards patrolled.This ideal was a long way from being the achieved, since the corridor was the scene of intense clandestine activity. The key player was the ‘passeur’ who smuggled across the border and who was usually assisted by by-standers, residents on both sides of the border-zone who did not cross the border themselves, but who supplied the logistical support of safe houses, food etc… Thanks to this network of smugglers and by-standers, a heterogeneous mass of people, objects and even animals crossed the border in both directions – French and Polish POWs, Jewish refugees, Allied airmen, Swiss and Allied spies, French resistance fighters, post, and all sorts of merchandise…The Swiss Intelligence Service (SR) was tasked with supplying the commander-in-chief and the AHQ with the information which would allow them to lead the army. The collection of information was in theory the task of the outposts spread along the border as well as of the central stations. Amongst the various methods used to collect the raw information – such as the questioning of travellers and deserters, the study of reports issued by Swiss military attachés abroad and the exploitation of intelligence lines– the SR sent agents on missions beyond the Swiss borders.Part of the mechanism which allowed the SR to be well informed between 1940 and 1944, was its collaboration at all levels with the foreign secret services and the resistance networks. In fact a number of Allied organisations chose Switzerland as the hub of their intelligence networks. Information converged from all over Europe towards the embassies and consulates established in Switzerland, and these in turn transmitted it via radio emitters from their delegations, or via clandestine ones, to London, Moscow or Washington.Whether it was at the level of the head of the SR, or of the listening posts, Roger Masson’s men took advantage of this flow and set up relationships on a give and take basis with the foreign networks. In exchange for information affecting the security of the nation, they organized the border crossings of foreign agents and of documents coming from abroad, and allowed the international intelligence community agents to go about their business with almost total impunity on Swiss soil.The SR was perfectly integrated into the international ‘intelligence community’ established on Swiss soil during World War II. In the field, it ‘shared’ its agents and smugglers with the foreign networks
Thériault, Mark J. "Art as propaganda in Vichy France, 1940-1944." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112592.
Full textThe fine arts were purged of "foreign" influences, yet the German Arno Breker was invited to exhibit his sculptures in Paris. In the spirit of national redressement, traditional French art was promoted; however, Modern art, which Hitler condemned as cultural Bolshevism, continued to be produced. With reference to the words of Petain, Hitler, French artists and art critics, and a variety of artworks, this thesis shows how art was used to propagate the ideology of the Vichy regime.
Hazel, Linda. "Les forces françaises libres a Bir Hakeim, mai-juin 1942, et la memoire de la France combattante /." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33900.
Full textWilson, Laurie Christine. "Representation of the années noires and the evolution of memory in postwar French literature /." view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3035578.
Full textTypescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 209-217). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
Schmid, Johannes. "La bataille des esprits. L'opinion publique en France et en Belgique pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN042.
Full textThe thesis deals with a comparison of the evolution of people’s opinion in France and Belgium during the Second World War. The focus of this study lies on the perceptions of the German occupier, the Allies, and the development on the different theatres of war, by the French and Belgian populations. Furthermore, the reactions of these two peoples towards their own political leaders and the fate of the Jewish population are studied. Special attention is given to opinion variations in different social groups such as the bourgeoisie, the middle class, the working class or the rural population. The study is based on an extensive analysis of documents of the various German authorities in occupied France and Belgium, especially the military administration, the German embassies in Paris and Brussels as well as the “German institutes”. We also make use of documents from British services, especially those in charge of propaganda and intelligence gathering. For France, the detailed reports of French prefects, police and postal control services are used in a representative sample of départments, reflecting regional differences in mentality, population composition and occupation. These documents are complemented by observations from the Free French Forces and personal testimonies such as diaries. In Belgium, reports of the Belgian authorities in the occupied territory were used as well as of those in exile in London and documents from some of the resistance networks
Balu, Raphaële. "Les maquis de France, la France libre et les Alliés (1943-1945) : retrouver la coopération." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC016.
Full textBetween the end of 1942 and 1943, the first maquis came into existence in occupied France. While their members were mainly young people who refused to be sent as workers to Germany and sought refuge in the woods and the mountains, during the war the maquis turned into military formations. The memories of their fight during Liberation has largely overshadowed the history of their relationship with Free France and its British and American allies. However, as early as 1943, London, Algiers, and Washington discussed the integration of the maquis into their war plans, even creating the necessary structures. While taking into consideration the political, strategic, and diplomatic disagreements that were part of the discussions, this study intends to bring back the cooperation between the maquis, Free France, and the Allies into the narrative of the war. It looks at individuals who, within British and American institutions as well as Free France structures, dedicated their efforts to work alongside the maquisards, and built networks to assist them. Numerous obstacles came in the way of intelligence services when they took on that task: sporadic communication channels with occupied France, the maquis’ mobility, and the reluctance of regular military headquarters — among other problems. They managed, however, to carry the voice of the maquis back to the head of regular armies and Allied States, allowing them to be progressively taken into account in general war planning, even as coordination between maquisards and regular forces constituted an almost unprecedented strategic challenge. From military headquarters to the realm of clandestine operations, this study takes interest in the people who found themselves involved in this common fight, addressing the identities and fighting experiences of different individuals brought together by the fortunes of war. It also explores an experience of war and repression shared by the maquisards and the London and Algiers envoys who met them in their clandestine life, together building strong ties of solidarity. It follows them through the progressive liberation of the French territory, on the stage of its competing powers, reaching until 1945 to follow those fighters during their transition from war to peacetime, and beyond that year — shining a light onto the memories and narratives that ensued
Pesqueur, Michel. "L’emploi des blindés français sur le front occidental d’août 1944 à mai 1945." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0287/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to analyze the use of armored vehicles globally and up to the smallest levels (platoons, crews), that is to say at the level of men (slogan that has become fashionable ever since). Indeed, many previous writings and studies often remain at the tactical or strategic level. It is also a question of studying the possible differences between the doctrinal theory and its application in the field, to see if the use of armored vehicles varied according to the actors and if so why. This study is intended to be comprehensive, it takes into account, men (thus their training, their origin, their past), doctrine and equipment because employment in combat is the meeting of all these factors. Research shows that the three French armored GUs were not employed in the same way, the main reason residing in the chiefs' conceptions of employment. French armored units were made up of men with different backgrounds and backgrounds. From the historical Gaullists to the young worker of August 1944, passing by the recalled African army. All found themselves in the turrets with the same goal to liberate the country. They themselves had various origins. Some had continued to fight, others had remained in North Africa or West Africa until the Allied landings of November 1942. But all showed a high level of tactical mastery and professionalism. Their equipment and organization were homogeneous because of American origin. Their concept of employment was that dictated by the FM that they adapted to their hand to fight the French and sometimes mark their difference compared to the allies. Once engaged, they held their place alongside the allied units, proving their value and thus marking the rebirth of the French army. This uniqueness of organization, doctrine and equipment, however, masks differences in employment. They were tributaries of the great units to which they were attached and of their leader. The use of armored units depended largely on men. Chiefs first, all of whom did not have the same conceptions of the use of armored units, which resulted in frustrations and conflicts in particular between Generals Leclerc and de Lattre. But also crews who showed a remarkable state of mind but particular and a lot of self-sacrifice
Alquier, Alain. "L’occupation allemande dans le département de l’Hérault : 11 novembre 1942-23 août 1944." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MON30009.
Full textOn November 11, 1942, the twenty-fourth anniversary of the signing of the 1918 armistice, the Anton II plan was triggered by Hitler. The German army, with the help of the Italian army, invaded the South of France. Tens of thousands of Axis soldiers ruthlessly crossed the borders set by the 1940 armistices and divided the territories, so far under the control of the Vichy government, into two separate areas. The soldiers were given a single objective: reach as quickly as possible the Mediterranean coast, which had become vulnerable since the Anglo-American landing in the French territories of North Africa on 8 November (Torch Operation). At that point, the Southern area which until then had been home to many 1940 exodus refugees, as well as Jews and others who were hunted down by the Nazi regime became a territory under control. While they had resignedly and fatalistically endured the 1940 defeat, and their daily life was heavily affected by shortages, the Hérault people also had to take in, accept to cohabit with and provide accommodation to around ten thousand German soldiers. This is the point in time when our study begins. Our aim is to reconstruct, as accurately as possible, the daily life of the Hérault inhabitants during twenty-two months of German presence, as well as to show and tell how the occupation functioned at department level. Beyond war-generated daily difficulties, living under the German boot also meant living under constraint, both from the occupier who was the master, but also from the collaborating Vichy government. For the Hérault population, this situation created a range of difficulties which took the different forms we will attempt to present in this study. Finally, we will also focus on the violent fights that occurred between the Resistance, collaborators, collaborationists and the occupier, as well as on the reasons for the German retreat that led to the Liberation of the department, with its consequences on the people and the territory
Lostec, Fabien. "Les femmes condamnées à mort en France à la Libération pour faits de collaboration." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN20029.
Full textWhen trying to think of French women having been purged during the Liberation, our collective memory can only remember the women who had been shaved. Yet there is without a single doubt a « 1945 time » in the relationship that women have with our legal system. Indeed, while they usually represent 10 % of the people judged in criminal courts, they represent 25 % of the people judged for collaboration. But is it relevant to talk about a « 1945 Time » in the relationship that women have with death penalty, especially since few women have been sentenced to death since the late 19th century ? This work is divided in three parts and shall try and find the answer to this question. After an introduction which will present a hitherto unseen corpus, the first part of this work shall examine the purging judiciary archipelago. This analysis will not only draw a boundary between extralegal jurisdiction and legal jurisdiction, but it will also help us know better the charges held against the accused women. A second part will investigate the various types of collaboration. While taking another look at the female informer as a stereotype of the female collaboration, it will also study the world of the collaborationists, considered for long as a man’s world because collaborating implies a form of dedication towards the enemy. Once it has drawn the group portrait of the convicted women, the last part of this work will focus on the way these women deal with their being purged, through their potential escape, through the trial or through the execution of their sentence.This is how this thesis will make its contribution to three great historiographies : the women and the gender’s one, the justice’s one, and the collaboration’s one
Pollack, Guillaume. "A travers les frontières : la résistance des réseaux (1940-1945)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H045.
Full textThis thesis is the first global study about French Resistance networks during the Second World War (1940-1945). We ask several questions. How did these organisations break out political borders built in Europe by the Nazis after their victory in France in May-June 1940 ? How did these networks construct communications beyond these borders (by air, earth and sea) with the Allied secret services in only four years ? Finally, through the study of fighting experience, the role distribution in these networks and the question of repression, we also wonder : how did the clandestine war disrupt gender relations between men and women fighting against the Nazis ?
Durand, Sébastien. "Les entreprises de la Gironde occupée (1940-1944) : restrictions, intégrations, adaptations." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30049.
Full textWhile the Phoney War occasioned a first confrontation with regulations and requisition, the signing of the Armistice marked the start of a complex period for the enterprises in occupied Gironde, in that it prompted a fruitful dialogue with the Vichy government and the German authorities. These enterprises faced a French German polycracy, which imposed new administrative and territorial executives on their activities. Enterprise became a real power issue. There were points of convergence (the aryanisation of “Jewish enterprises”, the remuneration of work) as there were of conflict (the control of the port, the concentration of production, the workers' departure for Germany). Moreover, the Vichy regime did all it could to make enterprise an ideological showcase (“Révolution Nationale”): ceremonies, support groups, corporatism, political associations, collaborationist movements. Armed with a formidable legislative and repressive arsenal, it managed – with the support of the Germans – to create a place of exclusion, from which were violently removed, any elements that were judged undesirable either for their political activities (communists) or for their religious affiliation, abusively qualified as “racial” (Jews). On the contrary, the strategy which consisted in making each establishment a place of integration of its ideals, was not met with much success. The attachment that the actors of the enterprises had for Maréchal Pétain himself, which was very real in the beginning, soon faded with the trials and constraints that the people of Gironde had to suffer. From this point of view, the social policy of the French State (“Charte du Travail”) did not allow it – with some exceptions – to “bring” employers and workers back to the Vichy realm. In a context of severe shortage (primary goods, labour and means of transport), enterprises in Gironde looked for alternatives to what we commonly call the “economic collaboration”: use of products of replacement, reconversion of activities, readjustment of the productive machine, development of illicit practices (black market). Few entrepreneurs, however, missed the business opportunity that lay in offering their services to the occupying forces. These services were widespread, but varied according to jobs, fields of activity and times of the Occupation. In this way, the occupying forces benefited, from the strengths of the local economic fabric, since they managed to integrate into their war economy not only the industries that had earlier been mobilized for the “Défense Nationale” but also the natural resources of the land: wood, resin, wine
Georges, Raphaël. "Les soldats alsaciens-lorrains de la Grande Guerre dans la société française (1918-1939)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG015.
Full textThis thesis examines the place reserved for Alsatian and Lorrainer soldiers of the Great War in postwar French society, from 1918 until the end of the 1930s. It is indeed because of the history of their province – annexed since 1871 to the German Empire – that they are called to serve as German soldiers throughout the conflict. Yet most of them become French citizens in the aftermath of the war. In this new national setting, it is their status as former German soldiers that largely determines their return to civilian life and, to a greater extent, their social integration. We thus intend to question the practical, symbolic and memory implications of this atypical military past, in the field of French society during the interwar years. To this purpose, we firstly analyze the process of return and reception of the soldiers, the terms and conditions of assistance and support with the aim of their social reintegration – particularly for the disabled veterans – as well as the social reorganizations caused by their war experience. Secondly, we try to identify the representations that were circulated and they were subjected to, so as to understand the memory and social issues at stake that determine their place in society
Fagot, Maude. "Kommunikation in Kriegsgesellschaften am Beispiel der Evakuierung der deutsch-französischen Grenzregion (1939/40)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040155.
Full textWhile France and Great-Britain were about to declare war on Germany, more than one million persons were evacuated from the Franco-German Border. Led on both side of the border by civilian and military authorities, the Alsatians, Lorrainers, Badners and Saarlanders living between the defence lines (Maginot-Line, Siegfried Line) were transported inside their own country. These evacuations measures formed – after the mobilization on the front of the men in-age to fight – the second important measure of war, which turned these civil societies into war societies. This transformation has not only consequences on political, economic and social level, but also on communication, which is the topic of this doctoral thesis. The evacuations phenomena allow us to shed light on state propaganda on a national and international level, to reveal the communication methods and interactions between the local authorities and the evacuees and finally to show the communications systems within groups of evacuees by analysing rumours on pillages of the evacuated region. This approach highlights a history of communication in both French and German war society based on top-down and bottom-up perspectives and on comparative and transnational analyses. Communication in war society appears as the fruit of negotiations and interactions in constant evolution between agents with different interests. This study emphasized the limits of the state’s influence over the population, both in a republican democratic state as the French Third Republic and in a dictatorial state with totalitarian ambitions such as the “Third Reich”
Hoffmann, Elisabeth. "La mémoire de la « Résistance » au prisme d’une histoire comparée des associations d’anciens résistants du Luxembourg, de l’Alsace, de la Moselle et de la Belgique de l’Est (1944-2017)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0053/document.
Full textThe present thesis, which has been accomplished with the support of the Fonds national de la Recherche du Luxembourg and within the research project “Partizip 2” at the University of Luxembourg (partizip.uni.lu) as well as in a cotutelle with the University of Lorraine, is an analysis of the memory of “Resistance” in Luxembourg, Alsace, Moselle and East Belgium. from 1944 to 2017. These territories were (de facto) incorporated within the Third Reich after the German invasion of Western Europe on the 10th of May of 1940. During the research, various asymmetries between these territories at the level of memory medias such as monuments, museums or legal statuses as a tribute to former resistance members were noticed. However, these memory asymmetries do not only appear between the state of Luxembourg and the French and Belgian regions, but also between the regions themselves. Thus the difference between the national and regional levels seems to be an accurate explanation if we compare the Grand-Duchy with the French and Belgian regions, but it does not allow us to understand the memory variations between these regions. Which are then the reasons that causes these memory asymmetries? Or in other words: which factors do contribute to the intensification of the memory of “Resistance”? In order to determine these factors, a comparative study of associations of former resistance members in Luxembourg, Alsace, Moselle and Est Belgium was undertaken, as they are crucial memory actors who often initiate the memory medias mentioned above
Letang, Géraud. "Mirages d'une rébellion : être Français libre au Tchad (1940-1943)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0042.
Full textMy dissertation examines the impact of the collective disobedience on individual lives, colonial communities and the gaullist ideology in Chad during the Second World War. After a a dissent on the 26th August 1940, this seemingly remote and marginal African colony became a military and political laboratory in which General de Gaulle’s organization faced a great number of political, military and colonial challenges. This work tries to contribute to three ongoing scholarly debates : the choices that people make in wartime and their repercussions ; the profound and ambiguous effects by the Second World War on colonial empires and imperialism ; the dialectic between mobilization and demobilization in the personal writings and memories. Drawing on documents collected in French, British and American archives, I analyze the different ways in which Free French soldiers, colonial administrators and so-called “indigenous” people from Chad had a specific combat experience which reworked the links between the French motherland and its colonies. Moreover, these ambiguities had been strengthened by the desert war. The military operations in Southern Libya between 1941 and 1943 implied an unexpected war violence. The rebelion which founded the Free French Chad was considered as a problem even by the colonial officers and administrors who organized it during the summer 1940. They believed that it deeply undermined their legitimacy as rulers of the Empire. Warfare in Chad was therefore conceived as a way to produce a renewed elite for France after its liberation. Nonetheless, these great expectations were at variance with the poverty and the boredom which damaged the combat motivation of the Free French troops. Furthermore, the chiefs who appeared thanks to the colonial dissent and the desert war had great difficulties to realize how much the German Occupation had changed their homeland
Oosterlinck, Kim. "Sovereign debts in trouble times." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211300.
Full textLarsen, Lillian. "The letter kills but the spirit gives life an analysis of the contexts from which rescuing/resistance behavior emerged during the Jewish Holocaust /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.
Full textDenis, Cécile. "Continuités et divergences dans la presse clandestine de résistants allemands et autrichiens en France pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale : KPD, KPÖ, Revolutionäre Kommunisten et trotskystes." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30065.
Full textThis study of 17 newspapers and 236 flyers conceived by German and Austrian resistance fighters in France during World War II have revealed the theoretical issues and to provide better knowledge of the authors, by re-evaluating the role of Austrians and Left groups which were not aligned with the politics of the Third Communist International. The messages are classified in three groups each linked to the objective pursued; recruitment, visibility and the definition of the group’s position. We can see that there are four main types of readers targeted: the first group are the potential sympathizers among the Wehrmacht soldiers, but also the repression services, the other resistance groups and finally the Allies, at the end of the conflict. The first part analyses the production of organisations initiated by the German and Austrian communist parties. From 1941 to 1943, the Travail Allemand (TA) aimed to restructure the networks which had been dismantled in 1939. From 1943, the militants were regrouped into new organizations like the CALPO and ÖFF depending on their nationality. Their objectives did not consist of carrying out national projects but rather to extend Soviet influence in the new states after war. The second part is dedicated to the Revolutionäre Kommunisten (RK) who were Austrian revolutionary communists denouncing all the other forces involved to build a radically different society. This piece of work draws an original and precise portrait of this group and its theoretical evolutions from 1935 to 1944. The third part is devoted to the study of Trotskyist groups which would like to have competed with communist organizations but who lacked the logistic and material means necessary. This group was active from 1943 to 1944 and its production brutally stopped with a wave of arrests. Our study shows that two political philosophies coexist and compete. The communists want to overthrow the National Socialist government to reestablish the traditional administrative and political structures and increase Soviet influence. The RKs and Trotskyists widen the stakes to fight against capitalism and by doing so, exceed the actions that we usually call “resistance”
Williams, Nicholas J. "An ‘evil year in exile’? The evacuation of the Franco-German border areas in 1939 under democratic and totalitarian conditions." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040209.
Full textBetween the end of August and early September 1939, between 700,000 and one million civilians were evacuated from the Saarland, the Palatinate, and Baden to the centre of what was then Germany. From the Moselle and Alsace, around 600,000 civilians were evacuated to south-west France. Those measures were the result of a long development, the origins of which can be traced back the Napoleonic Wars and the Great War. The present thesis analyses the developments which led to those evacuations within the framework of civil defence policies during the interwar period in France and Germany. It explores the execution of the evacuation programme in both countries from a comparative perspective, concentrating on the Moselle and the Saarland. What results is that the totalisation of warfare, in this case as seen in the erection of fortified defence lines and the evacuation of civilians later resulting therefrom, are phenomena independent of any given political systems or national frameworks, and therefore transnational ones. Moreover, the movements of refugees are only to a certain degree controllable on either side of the border, and looting likewise occurs on both sides. Nevertheless, the Third Republic managed, in part due to the experience the country had with refugees during the First World War, to organise and look after their refugees more efficiently than Germany did. The French administration and support system for refugees was more efficiently organised, compared with their German counterparts, where ideological constraints and the duality of civilian administrations and the National Socialist party greatly hampered efficiency in the execution of the evacuation programme
Foucrier, Jean-Charles. "Le Transportation Plan, aspects et représentations : une histoire des bombardements aériens alliés sur la France en 1944." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040158.
Full textIn spring 1944, Allied bombing of France was to reach its maximum intensity since the beginning of World War II. Nearly two years after the great turning points in 1942, the military situation was now largely in favour of the Allies. The final defeat of the Third Reich now appeared inevitable. The preparation of OVERLORD, the renewed application of large-scale power on the European continent, faced strategic challenges and required novel techniques. A little-known scientist, Solly Zuckerman, a brilliant zoologist but also a civilian unknown in military circles, persuaded the Allied high command of the validity of his air plan. This “Transportation Plan” proposed to strike decisively at the French railway system in order to disrupt the flow of enemy reinforcements to the Allied beachhead during the landings. Daring by strategic innovation, risky by the obvious threat to French civilians, Zuckerman's plan ran immediately into the hostile scrutiny of the great chiefs of strategic bombing, who were engaged in their almost "private" air campaign against Germany. The issue of civilian casualties brutally shook politicians including Winston Churchill, and ultimately went back to Franklin Roosevelt. Unknown in historiography, the “Transportation Plan” represents a fascinating history of the preparation of the Normandy landings
Guillon, Julien. "Dessiner le territoire de la Résistance : Essai sur la dissidence en Isère (1934-1944)." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STET2215/document.
Full textIn the histography of the Resistance, territory was not a subject that was really studied. As the political aspects were the favourite topics of historians, this essay, set within the framework of the department of Isère, attempts to fill this void by introducing issues linked to geography. The space in which the Resistance tried to impose its own standards brings a new approach. The territories involved were determined, bom of complex social pre-war relationships. Politics, and even family antecedents, carried the seeds of the reaction against Vichy and/or the Occupations. After a long period where these values predominated, cracks were appearing : defeat, the humiliating deprivations, all combined to trigger a diffused transgression process. This analysis thus distinguishes between two groups to clarify a complex phenomenon. A membership group, whose main distinguishing feature is affiliation, is also characterised by variable differences of opinion with respect to the reference group, which for their own reasons left the most tangible acts of transgression in the bands of the first group. The membership group was built via Movements where organisations offered their alternatives. A transgression territory was therefore created, with empiricism. The topographical characteristics of the Department of Isère vary distinctly between plains and mountains. This territory, home to some 100 hamlets and towns, in the shadow of Lyon, contributed to creating a specific Resistance. From urban G.F. to lightly armed mobile squads, a vast sphere of transgressions is inventoried here to clarify the Resistance phenomenon
Spina, Raphaël. "La France et les Français devant le service du travail obligatoire (1942-1945)." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00749560.
Full textPrempain, Laurence. "Polonais-es et Juif-ve-s polonais-es réfugié-e-s à Lyon (1935-1945) : esquives et stratégies." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2147/document.
Full textLaurence Prempain dedicates her PhD (History) to the study of the Poles and Polish Jews who came to live in Lyon (France) between 1935 and 1945. In the first part, she presents the geographical framework (Lyon), her methodology (Gender approach, microhistory and silence as a source) and her will to understand their voices and place them to the heart of her work. For that purpose, upon the examination of approximately 600 administrative files amassed by the « bureau des étrangers » (préfecture du Rhône), the letters they wrote have been then systematically collected to shed light on their authors’ struggle to live and survive. The historian starts from the postulate that Poles and Polish Jews in France make up a heterogeneous population, only sharing a common citizenship, nonetheless they remain economic, political and war refugees. Thus, once considered welcomed, all Polish nationals are , at their life, considered as unwanted, « indésirables ». Therefore, the second part investigates the processes used by the Third Republic and then the Vichy Regime to get rid of them: expulsions, driving back, exclusions, internments or deportation. Moreover, the author raises the question of the war ends and demonstrates that purges have a gendered dimension, which can be seen as an attempt of reappropriation of the authority. She also focuses on the foreign deportees repatriation’s organisation. Finally, in a third part, she asserts that far from being subjected, these men and women have acted and developped evolutive strategies. Through the letters they wrote, through what is said and what is silenced, she establishes that those strategies are a matter of what she names sidestep and transgression. The first one adapts itself with the limits while the other is deliberately opposed to it. Sidestep and transgression complete each other. It is also showed that to the arbitrary of the richy regime respond strategies more and more transgressive, such as clandestinity, cross borders and resistance. The moving from a strategy to another one, depends on the person, the context, the habits, the life course and the identity. The historian concludes that in 2016, the refugees crisis that shakes Europe resonates of the same voices, of those who are looking for protecting their lives and to living in dignity
Hunter, Rachel Deborah. "Truth and Memory in Two Works by Marguerite Duras." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1008.
Full textBludszus, Aurélie. "Les associations d'anciens combattants de Moselle de la fin de la seconde Guerre mondiale à nos jours : organisation, buts et influence." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG033/document.
Full textThe diversity of the conflicts that affected the Moselle region and the historical uniqueness of this départment made difficult to form a collective memory on modern conflicts. Moselle’s War veterans organisations are now at a turning point in their history. The study of these associations provides us insight into the role they have played hitherto and how they have evolved within the military environment and the civilian world. We have addressed the evolution of the place and the influence of these associations, seen in their great diversity and we investigated the different spatial and hierarchical organizations, as well as the contents of their speechs. This work therefore revolve around the military, social and oral history. This analysis of several specific associations, including the most known of them, Malgré-Nous et Réfractaires, allows to establish a general typology of these structures. If this thesis establishes conclusions regarding the associations of Moselle, it mainly provides an analytical framework for similar works applied to other départments
Maloux, Thierry. "À l’ombre d’Angkor, l’action des militaires français au Cambodge, 1863-1954." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL074.
Full textUnder the protecting shadow of the Angkor temples, the French military have left their mark in the history of the French protectorate in Cambodia. We propose to portray this action from three different angles. A political and diplomatic action that embraces the questions related to the Cambodian context, and those related to the regional and international balance of powers. The study seeks to discern what pertains to the personal commitment of the military, and what refers to the political and diplomatic commitments of the French government. A military action that aims to pacify Cambodia, to safeguard the French interests, and to avoid the invasion of the country by the communist forces. The methods and effectiveness of the French military tool in this context are carefully analysed. Finally, the action of the "unarmed soldiers": explorers, archaeologists, ethnologists, writers, etc., who also played a key role in the reconstruction of the Khmer identity, and in reinforcing its presence in the French Indochina. A prosopographic analysis attempts to differentiate, for each of the soldiers involved, the action that can be explained as a personal and sometimes intimate quest, from the action that is part of his mission or that could be considered as the product of the collective work. The nature of the protectorate, created by the French military, and its evolution towards a model inclined to adapt itself to the Khmer invariants and to the French political context, are at the heart of this study. The French military tool in Cambodia is thus revealed through its structuring, functioning and metamorphosis creating an unusual colonial relationship between France and Cambodia
Vacheron, Simon. "Mobiliser l’industrie textile (laine et coton). L’État, les entrepreneurs et les ouvriers dans l’effort de guerre, 1914-1920." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040139.
Full textDuring the World War I, the industries of the wool and the cotton find themselves pulled(entailed) in the industrial mobilization. The intervention of the State in these branches shows itself essential, and a new relation becomes established between the public authorities and the companies. The modification of the colour of the uniform, its wide distribution about eight million conscripts over four years and the loss of the industrial areas of the North and east lead to the putting under control of the State of almost all the wool trade, whereas the cotton industry remains independent until 1917. This relation extends to the imports of raw materials, with a progressive centralization which excludes any private business(trade), but associates traders and industrialists. Besides, the management of the workforce constitutes a daily challenge for companies. The need in workforce remains important, and the difficulties bound in working conditions and to the increased cost living trigger social tensions, in spite of the “Union sacrée” respected by labor unions. At the same time, the loss of the main industrial territories represents a chance of a lifetime for the other regions, among which those whose textile industry is on the decline before the war. The high demands of the army and the high prices of private trade yeld important profits, and lead the State to adopt a war tax system and to repress the abuses. The return of the stricken industries at the end the conflict, the question of war damage and reinstatement of Alsace-Lorraine put the textile industries in the face of radical changes
Schöpfel, Ann-Sophie. "La France et le procès de Tokyo : l'Engagement de diplomates et de juges français en faveur d'une justice internationale 1941-1954." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0111/document.
Full textAlarmed by the magnitude of the atrocities perpetrated in Europe and in Asia, the Allies demonstrated their resolve to punish those responsible for such acts in 1945. From 1945 to 1948, prominent members of Nazi Germany and the Japanese Empire were prosecuted at the Nuremberg and the Tokyo International Military Trials. In Japan, the United States invited France to participate in the Tokyo trial. This trial offered her an unexpected opportunity to build prestige in the Far East; during World War II, France had lost her richest colony, Indochina, and hoped to regain it. France wanted to prove that she was a nation of rights in Asia where decolonization was gaining ground. But it is hardly surprising that her delegates did not protect the national interest. On the contrary, they just wished to improve the fairness of the Tokyo trial. Based on unpublished sources, this thesis aims to understand their commitment to international justice. It sheds new light on the Tokyo trial and on the history of transitional justice
Heiniger, Alix. "Engagement et identité : les militants antifascistes des organisations Freies Deutschland de l’exil à l’Ouest (Belgique, France, Suisse) à la RDA des années 1970 (1943-1975)." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DENS0024.
Full textThis PHD dissertation studies the activists of the organisations Freies Deutschland (FD) in Belgium, France and Switzerland during the Second World War. Reproducing the model of the Nationalkomitee « Freies Deutschland », founded in Moscow in July 1943 by German communists and prisoners of war, they tried to gather Nazi regime opponents in Western Europe. The dissertation analyses the political engagement of these activists with the help of a biographical methodological approach. The commitment of these actors changed during the Liberation in Belgium and France and until spring 1945 in Switzerland. The identity theytried to give themselves also changed when they adopted a discourse more concentrated on their nation and its reconstruction. Finally, after the war and their return in East and West Germany, the SED asked them to write their story in exile to support the official discourse on antifascism. This gave them an occasion to promote their political experience, which was neglected by the party after the war. They produced a memorial narrative on western antifascism
Nouat, Romaric. "Soigner la Grande Guerre : Le Service de Santé aux Armées dans la 9e région militaire durant la Première Guerre mondiale." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR2002/document.
Full textDuring the World War I, health care and supervision of soldiers are essential for the continuation of the war. Indeed, the French Army has millions of seek and wounded people during the battles and 1,400,000 dead people. The study of the hospital’s organization in the 9th French Military District shows an unknown history: those of soldier’s care in areas far from the battlefront. This study demonstrates the adaptation of this hospital’s organization to the evolution of the conflict and the care. It shows the function of each person who participates in these care: Red Cross “Croix Rouge”, Army Health Service, inhabitants, and civilian authorities. This study is showing which care are given to seek and wounded soldiers in this area and who are the medical practitioners who are giving the care. During the World War I, the 9th French Military District steadily becomes a secondary area in the chirurgical emergencies, but an important area for the soldier’s medical supervision
Andréo, Marilyne. "Sociologie de la Résistance dans le Gard, le Vaucluse et les Bouches-du-Rhône." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30090/document.
Full textWith 3 departments, sociological analyse of the résistants : geographical origin and social origin of the resistants, familial situation, professional situation during the war, the age when they joigned the Resistance, their organisation, their actions, their sacrifice for the liberation or not, medals, what they became after the conflict (profession, political action, participation on an association)
Barey, Morgane. "« À rude école ». La formation initiale des officiers français à l’épreuve de la Seconde Guerre mondiale (1940-1945)." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASK001.
Full textIn the eyes of the French military command, the training of its officers was a central issue throughout the war. The reopening of the French military academies in the aftermath of the defeat raised the question of their training. For the Vichy regime, military academies were now a political tool, while for the Free French movement military skills were vital to erase the humiliation of the defeat.The dissolution of the armistice Army in November 1942 changed the mission of theses academies. The aim was to merge the two former French forces and promote their amalgam while the militay training was influenced by the allied environment and combat practices. The return of French troops on the national soil and the contact with irregular armies from the Resistance’s movements questioned once more the role of these military academies in the rebulding process of the Nation.The end of the war led to the reopening of the academies in metropolitan France, in order to create a new army, reconciling formerly divided French forces with the Nation. The training of French officers was modified. However, the begining of the conflict in Indochina highlighted the weakness of this rebirth, at odds with the needs of the French forces
Devigne, Matthieu. "Classe de guerre : Une histoire de l’École entre Vichy et République, 1938-1948." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040145.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the history of French elementary school in the middle decade of the twentieth century. School policy is analyzed through the decisions of ministerial and academic administrations along with its daily enforcement in classes, exemplified by numerous monographs of interest. First, the study attempts to untangle the various aspects of school policy under the French State, relying mainly on the words of its enforcers: ministerial officials, schools inspectors and, of course, teachers. It exposes quantitative investigations on the repressive impact of the regime and on the unprecedented financial public support for free education, in addition to a detailed analysis of the Vichy educational reforms. It then depicts the everyday life of primary schools in the context of war and Occupation. The third part chronicles the restoration of republican school over the national territory, and emphasizes the multiple ideological, educational and material challenges it had to face. Based on a large number of original archives, both private and public, this thesis leads to reevaluate the historiographical standpoint on the history of school of this time. Indeed, the 1940s gave birth to reforms and reflections that made this decade of war a time for experiments and intense learning for the generation of professionals who were to shape the school of the second part of the century. It is in this sense that this historical moment may be called a “war class”
Romon, François. "Les écoutes radioélectriques et les services techniques des Transmissions dans la Résistance française, 1940-1945 : le Groupement des contrôles radioélectriques (GCR), le Service des transmissions nationales (STN) et le « Groupe Romon » du Service de renseignements (SR) Alliance." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040034.
Full textA specific and hardly known way of resistance: the continuation of the fight against the german invader led within the technical services of Transmissions of French army, especially the Groupement des contrôles radioélectriques (GCR), the Radio control Group, immediatly after the armistice of June 1940 and carried on until the final victory. A resistance at the initiative of Transmission officers, which, at the heart of the institutions of the Etat français, French State, have secretly communicated military intelligence to the allied Forces. This latent resistance leads, after november 1942, up to an active resistance by the implementation of a clandestine network, the Service des transmissions nationales (STN), the National Transmissions Service, under the aegis of NAP-PTT, then to its integration, in october 1943, under the name « Groupe Romon », to the resistance network Alliance, as well as the commitment of numerous GCR transmitters in various other resistance networks.The case of a resistance from the inside which has effectively contributed to the final victory of the Allied, despite a systematic and ferocious repression from the occupant
Avout, d'Auerstaedt Aurélien d'. "Le territoire recomposé. Conscience géographique et expériences de l'espace dans les récits de la France défaite (1940)." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR068.
Full textThis thesis deals with spatial representations of French territory that accounts of debacle and exodus simultaneously reveal, shape and reconfigure. It aims to consider the poetics of war narrative from a geographical angle, as well as to broaden the field of literary geography to new historical and methodological grounds. The corpus, mixed, includes both fictional texts (Aragon, Gracq, Merle, Némirovsky, Robbe-Grillet, Simon, Vialatte), testimonies (Saint-Exupéry, Sartre, Werth), Mémoires (de Gaulle) and historical essays (Marc Bloch).The first part shows how the stories make France appear as a territorial fiction and suggest the ambivalence of the war zone crossed. The second part focuses on the loss of “geographic awareness” experienced by individuals during May-June 1940, as well as the way in which literary works reflect it (toponyms, metaphors and allegories, geographical maps used by the authors). Finally, we are interested in the logics of recomposing the national space. Many authors react to the collapse of France by developing a substitute “interior homeland”. The later narratives, for their part, rearrange the spatial dynamics of the conflict, to the point of influencing collective memory
Girardin-Thibeaud, Odile. "Des amiraux au service de Vichy (1940-1944)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30079/document.
Full textAs soon as the Armistice was signed, nearly 70% of general officers in the Navy found themselves not only in emblematic positions of the French State but also in secondary ones. Whatever the nature of these positions, they enabled them, in most cases, to be the messengers of the French State. Joining politics as early as June 1940, according to how military events happened, these men have a strong social and professional coherence which cannot explain, by itself, this huge rallying to marechal Petain. Their professional and political culture remains a key element in explaining the ideological meeting of this branch with the national Revolution. Convinced of the superiority of their moral and cultural model, they consider this regime, born on the ashes of the third Republic, as an opportunity to make their values prevail. Military obedience then appears as a real, although secondary factor to explain their rallying.As far as Admiral Darlan is concerned, though, this access to power, on the contrary, appears as deeply and carefully thought as soon as 1940 and goes on for the first six months of the regime. These admirals, who believe in an authoritarian management of power, hold the measures of exclusion and of return to the Tradition depending on their own values and on the positions they hold. Their political observance, directly inherited from the methods used in the Navy, as well as their immediate circles, also connected with the « Royale », contributes to their bad reputation as politicians too, because of the nature of their actions. Judicial and professional purge sometimes condemns some of them but the procedures of amnesty and invalidation taken by the Council of State concerning administrative sanctions permit to temper the declarations of strict purge. A dictionary completes this collective approach : it enables one to follow the professional route of each of these 49 general officers, to explain their role between 1940 and 1944 as well as to evoke their position after the war
Hickok, James N. "Anglo-French military cooperation, 1935-1940." 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/24056929.html.
Full texteContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 436-450).
Quistorff, Alissa Stoltzfus Nathan. "The U.S. Army's 2nd Ranger Battalion beyond D-Day /." Diss., 2005. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07112005-223056.
Full textAdvisor: Dr. Nathan Stoltzfus, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of History. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 19, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains v, 67 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
St, Andre Amal N. "The role of women in the resistance according to the French novel after 1980 /." 2007. http://www.consuls.org/record=b2843281.
Full textThesis advisor: Louis Auld. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in French." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-92). Also available via the World Wide Web.