Academic literature on the topic 'World War, 1939-1945 – Children – Ukraine'
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Journal articles on the topic "World War, 1939-1945 – Children – Ukraine"
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Andrusishin, B. І., and O. V. Tokarchuk. "Russia’s war crimes against Ukraine and attempts to conceal them (1939–2022): comparative analysis." ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF THE LEGAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR AND THE POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE STATE, no. 13 (October 2022): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2022-13-6.
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The article provides a comparative analysis of the methodology for concealing war crimes committed by Russia against Ukraine from the beginning of World War II to the current Russian-Ukrainian war (since 2014); show the similarity of the actions of the Nazi regime of Hitler and the racist regime of Putin in the struggle against the Ukrainian national liberation movement and its leaders in the European context. The beginning of Russia’s unprovoked war against Ukraine, the horrific atrocities of the Russian army in Bucha, Irpin, Borodyanka, Mariupol and other cities and villages of our country, uncovered in racist areas, confirmed that nothing had changed from Stalin’s punitive occupiers. times, and in many cases it became even more inhumane and cruel, surpassing the atrocities of the Nazis during World War II. The mass atrocities of the Russian military against civilians, especially women and children, the destruction of maternity hospitals, kindergartens, schools, hospitals, and cultural institutions surpassed the Nazi atrocities of the Nazis during World War II. Today, Russia has acted as a Nazi aggressor not only against Ukraine, but also against the entire Western world. At the same time, the Russian leadership is trying to cover up the traces of their crimes, or shift the blame on the Ukrainians themselves, as in previous years on the Poles, Germans, Finns and others. The aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine is manifested in the use of armed force against the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and political independence of Ukraine. War crimes were committed by representatives of the authorities of the Russian Federation, the leadership of its armed forces, regular troops and military units that are not formally subordinate to the leadership of the armed forces under current law. Methods of fabricating and disclosing false information and the methodology of Russian lies have a long tradition. The historical parallels between Hitler’s Nazi regime during World War II and modern-day Putin’s Russia, and the answer to the question of whether their crimes are different, clearly show that there is no such difference. After all, Bucha, Mariupol, Irpin and other Russian-occupied towns and villages in eastern and southern Ukraine have shown the true nature, scale and consequences of the racist regime in action. Key words: Ukrainian national liberation movement, Nazism, racism, war crimes, World War II, Russian-Ukrainian war (since 2014).
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Gnydiuk, Olga. "Defining the ‘best interests’ of children during the post-1945 transformations in Europe." Journal of Modern European History 19, no. 3 (July 20, 2021): 292–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16118944211020460.
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After World War II, the welfare workers of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration and International Refugee Organization took care of refugee children in post-war Germany and assisted them in returning to their home countries. This article analyses the changes in welfare workers’ decisions about the future of unaccompanied displaced children of presumably Ukrainian origin in the light of the post-1945 transformations. It explores the relationship of transformations in the humanitarian approach to child resettlement with geopolitical ruptures between the former Allies after 1945. It aims to demonstrate that by 1947, welfare workers’ preconceived notion that the ‘best interests’ of Ukrainian children were served by reconnecting them with family and homeland, wherever possible, had given way in the face of political transformations that welfare workers confronted on the ground during the transition from war to peace. Despite their deep commitment to restoring children to their national and familial roots, they soon began to consider that allowing Ukrainian refugee children to emigrate was better for them than their repatriation to Soviet Ukraine.
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M.T., Cherepania. "BOARDING INSTITUTIONS PRACTICE IN TRANSCARPATHIA DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR." Collection of Research Papers Pedagogical sciences, no. 91 (January 11, 2021): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2413-1865/2020-91-2.
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The history of boarding schools’ formation and development in Ukraine in general and in Transcarpathia in particular is an important source of pedagogical experience, the study, analysis and systematization of which will contribute to understanding of modern globalization in education and designing its future.Purpose is to fnd out the main trends in the boarding schools development and practice in Transcarpathia during the Second World War.Methods: bibliographical search is for the archival and library catalogs study, collections and descriptions; archival materials content analysis (orders government instructions); chronological is for determining the main trends in the boarding schools’ development and practice in Transcarpathia in 1939–1944.Results. Transcarpathian lands territorial subordination to Hungary in 1939 led to a change in the name of the region: instead of Subcarpathian Russia (during the period of Transcarpathian lands belong to the Czechoslovak Republic) Transcarpathian lands that returned to Hungary were called “Subcarpathia”. Childhood education and social protection were the the Podkarpackie Regent Commissioner’s responsibility, who appointed the principal of the Podkarpackie school district, and decisions on orphans and children deprived of parental care were the district orphanage courts’ responsibility. The Hungarian government organized a number of humanitarian actions in the returned territories through the involvement of government organizations “Hungarian for Hungarian” and the State League for the Protection of Children. With the beginning of hostilities, some boarding schools were subject to re-profiling: a separate structural unit of the Mukachevo State Orphanage “Orphanage for the crippled” was reorganized into the therapeutic department of the hospital in Mukachevo, and the educational building of the orphanage in Nad Sevlyush transferred to the use of the Hungarian army. The living and feeding conditions of pupils in boarding schools in Podkarpackie, and especially in orphanages (Greek-Catholic orphanage “Holy Family”) and family-type settlements have become more complicated. Constant changes in the pupils’ contingent, state orphanages employees’ places of work have led to late and incorrect payment of salaries to teachers and support staff of boarding schools.Conclusions. The boarding schools practice in Transcarpathia in the period 1939–1944 is characterized by the following trends: 1)boarding education curtailment in connection with the hostilities start, which reduced staffing and reduced the level of material and technical support of the educational process in boarding schools; 2)spreading the religious and public organizations influence (League for the Children’s Protection, “Levente”, “Hungarian for Hungarian”, etc.)Key words: boarding schools, orphanages, Transcarpathia, Hungary.
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M.T., Cherepania. "BOARDING INSTITUTIONS PRACTICE IN TRANSCARPATHIA DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR." Collection of Research Papers Pedagogical sciences, no. 91 (January 11, 2021): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2413-1865/2020-91-2.
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The history of boarding schools’ formation and development in Ukraine in general and in Transcarpathia in particular is an important source of pedagogical experience, the study, analysis and systematization of which will contribute to understanding of modern globalization in education and designing its future.Purpose is to fnd out the main trends in the boarding schools development and practice in Transcarpathia during the Second World War.Methods: bibliographical search is for the archival and library catalogs study, collections and descriptions; archival materials content analysis (orders government instructions); chronological is for determining the main trends in the boarding schools’ development and practice in Transcarpathia in 1939–1944.Results. Transcarpathian lands territorial subordination to Hungary in 1939 led to a change in the name of the region: instead of Subcarpathian Russia (during the period of Transcarpathian lands belong to the Czechoslovak Republic) Transcarpathian lands that returned to Hungary were called “Subcarpathia”. Childhood education and social protection were the the Podkarpackie Regent Commissioner’s responsibility, who appointed the principal of the Podkarpackie school district, and decisions on orphans and children deprived of parental care were the district orphanage courts’ responsibility. The Hungarian government organized a number of humanitarian actions in the returned territories through the involvement of government organizations “Hungarian for Hungarian” and the State League for the Protection of Children. With the beginning of hostilities, some boarding schools were subject to re-profiling: a separate structural unit of the Mukachevo State Orphanage “Orphanage for the crippled” was reorganized into the therapeutic department of the hospital in Mukachevo, and the educational building of the orphanage in Nad Sevlyush transferred to the use of the Hungarian army. The living and feeding conditions of pupils in boarding schools in Podkarpackie, and especially in orphanages (Greek-Catholic orphanage “Holy Family”) and family-type settlements have become more complicated. Constant changes in the pupils’ contingent, state orphanages employees’ places of work have led to late and incorrect payment of salaries to teachers and support staff of boarding schools.Conclusions. The boarding schools practice in Transcarpathia in the period 1939–1944 is characterized by the following trends: 1)boarding education curtailment in connection with the hostilities start, which reduced staffing and reduced the level of material and technical support of the educational process in boarding schools; 2)spreading the religious and public organizations influence (League for the Children’s Protection, “Levente”, “Hungarian for Hungarian”, etc.)Key words: boarding schools, orphanages, Transcarpathia, Hungary.
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Lysenko, Oleksandr, and Mykola Mykhailutsa. "Orthodoxy of Ukraine During the Occupation, 1939-1944: Confessional Transformations and Political Contexts." Eminak, no. 4(40) (December 31, 2022): 254–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33782/eminak2022.4(40).618.
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The purpose of the research paper is to analyze the influence of the social and political conditions on changes in confessional life in the occupied Ukrainian lands during World War II.
The scientific novelty: it is claimed that it was social and political conditions that caused drastic changes in the confessional map of Ukraine in 1939-1945. The determinant factor of the occupation policy – the destruction of the established confessional configuration that traditionally existed on Ukrainian lands in the USSR, Poland and Romania – has been proven. Autocephalous tendencies in Orthodox life in the General Governorate, Reichskommissariat ‘Ukraine’ and ‘Transnistria’ were studied. The personal visions of the leading Orthodox bishops regarding the institutional status of the Orthodox Church in Ukraine are reflected. The specific approaches of the German and Romanian administrations to the organization of church life are highlighted.
Conclusions: it is proved that despite the attempt to create a single Orthodox Church in the territory occupied by the Wehrmacht, this did not happen due to the position of the German leadership and different views of the hierarchs of the Orthodox churches. It has been proven that all institutional changes of the occupiers grossly violated the existing traditions and canonical norms, which deprived the Church of its autonomy. It was determined that multiconfessionalism and the lack of autocephalous status of Ukrainian Orthodoxy complicated the process of forming a single Orthodox Church of Ukraine. The influence of the Moscow Patriarchate, as well as the opposition of Berlin, made this process impossible during the war.
It is noted that the Romanian administration in the occupied south-western lands of Ukraine (‘Transnistria’), with the support of the Romanian Orthodox Mission, contributed to the revival of Christianity, relied on the pre-revolutionary church organization, clerics and monarchism. The Ukrainian-phobic attitudes of the majority of Romanian bishops and the occupation authorities which led to the fight against the sprouts of Ukrainian autocephaly are shown. It has been proven that the rebuilt churches, the restoration of services in them, the involvement of hundreds of clerics, Christian charity and charity, raising children in the spirit of piety, etc., contributed to the revival of ancient Christian traditions and, at the same time, were a tool for the affirmation of the occupation regime.
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Hohokhiia, Nani. "Politicization and militarization of children’s leisure in Soviet Ukraine in 1929–1939." NaUKMA Research Papers. History 4 (December 1, 2021): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2617-3417.2021.4.29-38.
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The article analyzes the peculiarities of the process of politicization and militarization of children’s leisure in Soviet Ukraine in 1929–1939. The content of the transformation of traditional and creation of new forms of children’s leisure is revealed. The key concepts of ideological substantiation of the need to maximally fill the child’s free time with political and educational practices are identified. The evolution of the new tradition of club leisure and its filling with political content is analyzed. Forms of political and educational work with children in their free time have been reconstructed. The methods of involving children in the political campaigns of the Soviet government by filling the discourse of children’s leisure with the political and militaristic rhetoric are described. The mechanisms of introduction of the state control over such kinds of children’s leisure as reading, thanks to the formation of new children’s literature and creation of the system of propaganda of new work are investigated. It shows how a network of libraries was built into this system, which was tasked with organizing the work of forming a new mass reader. The process of involving children in the culture of the new Bolshevik holidays and its connection with the main tasks of the government in the field of education of conscious and loyal citizens is demonstrated. During the second half of the 1930s, at the initiative of the Ukrainian Soviet leadership, the Christmas tree was restored and transformed, which was filled with new ideological content and used to promote Bolshevik’s achievements and demon- strate the Communist Party’s concern for young citizens. The influence of the political situation on the development of the game sphere of children’s leisure is highlighted, and the power of the process of its militarization on the eve of the Second World War is emphasized. This applied to both mobile children’s games and board games, which were made according to the party’s tasks with an ideological load and included political games and military-themed games. Children’s toys were also modernized, including Christmas tree decorations and toys related to military equipment, military and political events, collective farm construction, and Soviet symbols were added to the traditional toy theme.
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Bodnar, Halyna. "“RUSSIANS CAME”: MEMORY OF SOVIET AUTHORITIES 1939‒1941 YEARS IN BIOGRAPHICAL NARRATIVES OF THE OLDEST GENERATION OF THE RESIDENTS OF WESTERN UKRAINE." Вісник Львівського університету. Серія історична / Visnyk of the Lviv University. Historical Series, no. 54 (November 3, 2022): 111–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/his.2022.54.11605.
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The oral history of Ukraine in the 1930s and 1940s is an important independent body of sources for the study of this period. An encumbered story about one’s life or specific historical events best conveys experience, the world of ideas and perceptions, and the individual vision of direct eyewitnesses of past events. Pre-planned methods of the interview process, experienced interviewers, a selection of narrators, a sufficient number of recordings with the “saturation effect” are the keys to the success of the oral history project. The article analyzes the oral biographical narratives of the oldest generation of Western Ukraine residents about the Soviet government in 1939‒1941, highlights the main content lines of stories and dominant images of the first Soviet occupation, the transformation of moods. The empirical basis of the research are interviews recorded as part of the project “Social Anthropology of Filling the Void: Poland and Ukraine after World War II” and processed by the author for their publication by the Center for Urban History of East Central Europe in Lviv. The interviews were recorded by an interdisciplinary group of Polish-Ukrainian female researchers in 2017‒2019 with residents of villages and towns of Ternopil, Lviv, and Ivano-Frankivsk oblasts born in the 1920s‒1930s. The stories are biographical and pertain to the whole life interviewees, with a special focus made on the 1930s‒1940s and World War II. The oldest participants were born in 1923 and the youngest were born in the late 1930s. Their stories are biographies of average native Halychyna residents, who shared their life experience for the first time and, consequently, shared what in their opinion was important to remember, as no recorded memory will be left when they pass away. The narration of the “big” story is made of a palette of “small” reactions to events, it is the inner world of a person – their worries and experiences, successes, hopes, and expectations. The images of Soviet authorities and the Soviet people in the memories of children are not holistic and meaningful, but are connected with the outer world – home and parents, close family and friends, the street and acquaintancies, neighbors, school, religious traditions and the church. Children’s memories recorded not so much everyday routine, but crucial and traumatic, strong emotional experience, which was filled with the years of the first Soviet regime in the region; their stories are replete with numerous unique case stories that may not have reached or come into view of adults. After having met the Red Army in September 1939, the hopes placed on the Soviet government by the adult population vanished almost immediately. People, then children, explained the first disappointments with the brutality of the Red Army: accidental or deliberate executions of innocent people, repressions in autumn 1939. For Galician peasants and small-town residents the image of the Soviets in 1939‒1941 is a radically changed world of their childhood with a fairy-tale palace and a local landowner with his family; depending on the social status of the family, the allotted land and the joy of harvesting their own field; inhuman deportations of Polish neighbors in the frosty winter of 1940. The primary “own” grief was the emotional culmination of life stories from the period of the first Soviet occupation: mostly in June 1941 they lost their loved ones due to the last, fourth, wave of deportations or executions in prisons during the retreat of the Soviets. In the memoirs of Galician villagers, unlike to the memoirs of the inhabitants of the cities, there are almost no mentions of the reaction of Poles and Jews to the arrival of the Red Army in September 1939.
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LEVCHUK, N. M. "LEVCHUK N. M. Age, Period, and Cohort Effects in the Long-Term Dynamics of Mortality in Ukraine." Demography and social economy 2 (July 20, 2022): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dse2022.02.003.
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This study analyzes the effects of age, period, and birth cohorts on long-term mortality in Ukraine. For the first time, the APC model was used to analyze mortality in Ukraine for the 1850-2011 period and the cohorts born from 1850 to 1923. These estimations allow us to discriminate the impact of the historical and contemporary factors (at specific times) that could change the mortality rates. The following statistical methods are used: calculation of period and cohort death rates; age-period-birth cohort (APC) model that provides a method to assess the significance of the three interrelated factors (age, calendar period of death, and birth cohort) on mortality. As indicated by the results of APC analysis, the contribution of the period effect to the long-term mortality in Ukraine is likely to be larger than that of the cohort effect, and both effects are found to be more influential for men than for women. The analysis revealed intergenerational variations in death rates and inversion in cohort mortality when survival rates for the younger generations are worse than for the older generations. In particular, almost all generations born during the first half of the XX century had higher mortality rates than the reference cohort born in 1900, while lower mortality rates are found only for those born after 1945. At the same time, the overall decline in mortality among cohorts born after 1945 varied across different age groups: while death rates at the age 0 to 15 declined with each new generation, mortality in the 45 to 60 age group for younger generations tended to be higher than for older generations. The cohorts born in 1915—1925 and especially in 1917—1921 appeared to be the most disadvantaged and the hardest affected in terms of survival. A comparative analysis of the probability of dying in large age intervals for different generations showed that, first, among the cohorts of adult men who participated in World War II, those born in 1915—1925 were the most affected; second, during the First World War, the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917—1921 and the famine of 1921—1923 young and middle-aged men born in 1880—1890 suffered the greatest losses whereas the highest mortality due to Holodomor of 1932—1933 was observed among children and adolescents, as well as older persons born in the 1870s.
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Ivanenko, Alina. "A HUMAN UNDER NAZI OCCUPATION OF UKRAINE: MODERN NATIONAL HISTORIOGRAPHY." Journal of Ukrainian History, no. 39 (2019): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.14.
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Hitler occupation of Ukraine became the most difficult challenge for the Ukrainian people as the "new order" leaders’ aim was to eliminate the population of captured territories, to prepare a living space for the "Aryan people" whom Hitler and his ascendants considered the Germans to be. The policy of the Nazi regime on the occupied territories, which were regarded as an object of exploitation, oppression and robbery, led to significant changes in the practice of everyday life of the civilian population. History becomes more anthropological and it encourages the study of everyday life in order to understand holistic picture of historical events. This picture had its own peculiarities in different regions of Ukraine. In the Soviet period the issues of everyday life in occupied areas were considered fragmentarily, with the main focus on the other images - the nationwide struggle against the invaders, the moral and political unity of the Ukrainian people, the leading role of the party in fighting back the occupiers, etc. In fact, modern national scientists had to study the problem of anthropological measurements of occupation from scratch. However, in recent decades in Ukraine there has appeared a lot of historical research, the subject of which is the anthropological defining of occupation. These studies are being considered in the given article. A particular subject of research and this publication as well is certain categories of population: women, minors and intelligentsia. The existence of these categories of people in occupation has certain features that researchers disclose from different, often opposite, points of view. At the present stage various aspects of the Ukrainian peasantry life during the years of Nazi occupation are investigated by O. Potylchak, O. Perekhrest, V. Revehuk, T. Nagayko and others. The works of T. Vronska, K. Kurylyshyn, L. Kovpak, O. Isaikin, M. Herasimov, V. Kononenko, A. Yankovska and others were dedicated to the everyday life issues in the years of the Second World War and in the first post-war decade. The material, household and social spheres in the post-occupation period in different regions of Ukraine were studied by S. Galchenko, M. Dedkov, I. Spudka. However, in most of these works, the strategies of town people’s survival in the liberated territories in 1943-1945 are briefly outlined. Some researchers (T. Zabolotna, T. Nahayko, O. Savitska, V. Yakovenko) emphasize the everyday life of individual cities. I. Vetrov researched the economic robbery of the national economy and the population of Ukraine by invaders. Some aspects of the social policy of occupiers are highlighted in the study of O. Potylchak. M. Shevchenko, V. Hedz conducted a study of "female" narrative sources. Nowadays there are two directions of coverage of children lives during the occupation. The first direction is represented by D. Slobodynsky, who assumes that the state of children during the Nazi occupation of Ukraine was unbearable. H. Holysh and L. Holysh consider that children and teens played a very active role in the struggle against the Nazis. The state of the intelligentsia during the occupation was studied by L. Bidocha, V. Hinda, O. Salata, T. Zabolotna. The researchers point to the reasons of cooperation of this segment of the population with the occupants, which in fact did not differ from the motives of other groups of society. The author comes to the conclusion that the Nazi occupation had a negative impact on the various spheres of life of the society at that time, which led to significant changes in the everyday life of the local population of Central Ukraine. At that period the majority of people tried to fulfill their existential needs, for example to preserve their own lives and protect their loved ones in particular. The author comes to the conclusion that the aspects of people’s life during the Nazi occupation, disclosed by the authors in modern historiography, constitute a far-incomplete picture of Ukrainians’ life during this period. There are issues that require a detailed study and analysis of researchers in order to imagine life and daily realities on the occupied territory and what problems they had to deal with in order to survive in those conditions. There is a considerable spectrum of problems associated with the occupational routine, which requires a detailed study and analysis of researchers and it allows to make a coherent picture of living conditions on the occupied territories of Ukraine.
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Stefanowska, Lidia. "Pisarz poza ojczyzną: sylwetka Jurija Szewelowa." Studia Ucrainica Varsoviensia 5, no. 5 (May 8, 2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.9129.
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In the second half of the 1940s, Ukrainian literature outside of Soviet Ukraine experienced an unusually intensive period of development in the Displaced Person’s camps in western Germany and Austria. Thrown together from various regions of Ukraine, writers managed to develop an amazing literary activity. A key role in this period was played by one of the most important Ukrainian émigré scholar, literary critic and essayist – Yuryii Shevelov (born on 17 December 1908 in Kharkiv, died 12 April 2002 in New York.) Having emigrated to Germany in 1944, he taught at the Ukrainian Free University in Münich (1946–9) and obtained a doctorate there (1949). He was also a vice-president of the MUR literary association (1945–8) and edited a monthly journal Arka. Shevelov is the author of some 500 articles, reviews, and books on Slavic philology and linguistics and the history of literature. He was one of the organizers of émigré literary life in Germany after the Second World War. In the postwar period Yurii Shevelov (pseud: Yu. Sherekh) has been the most infl uential literary critic within the Ukrainian émigré community in the West. In his articles in the journal Arka (1947–8) he formulated the principles of a ‘national-organic style’ and stimulated a lively discussion that continued for some time. Another émigré critic, Volodymyr Derzhavyn, produced articles that combined the Neoclassicist and modernist approaches. They both began a discussion that contributed to a revival of postwar Ukrainian literature. The principal intellectual discord between them was an understanding of what “national” means and what kind of tradition should serve as a “source of revival” for Ukrainian culture in exile. His numerous articles in the fi eld of literature and literary criticism were collected in Ne dlia ditei (Not for Children, 1964), Druha cherha: literatura, teatr, ideolohiï (The Second Round: Literature, Theater, Ideologies, 1978), and Tretia storozha (The Third Watch, 1991). Most of these essays were reprinted in Kharkiv in 1998 in a two-volume edition Porohy i zaporizhzhia (The Rapids and zaporizhzhia).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "World War, 1939-1945 – Children – Ukraine"
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Pollarine, Joshua R. "Children at war underage Americans illegally fighting the second world war /." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-09052008-083333/.
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Palmer, Glen. "Reluctant refuge : unaccompanied refugee and evacuee children in Australia, 1933-45 /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php1738.pdf.
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Montgomery, Emilie L. 1961. ""The war was a very vivid part of my life" : British Columbia school children and the Second World War." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31243.
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This thesis examines the influence of the Second World War on the lives of British Columbia school children. It employs a variety of primary and secondary sources, including interviews with adults who, during 1939-1945, attended school in British Columbia. War time news and propaganda through such means as newspaper, movies, newsreels and radio broadcasts permeated children's lives. War influenced the whole school curriculum and especially led to changes in Social Studies, Physical Education and Industrial Arts. The war also created a wide range of war-related extra curricular activities for children. War also altered the routine of childrens1 daily lives. Blackouts, air raid drills, rationing, prosperity, people in uniform, fear of invasion, and loved ones killed overseas all contributed to making life during the Second World War different from the eras that preceded and followed it.Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
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Efird, Robert Arthur. "Japan's war orphans and new overseas Chinese : history, identification and (multi)ethnicity /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6405.
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Reuleaux, Nele. "Nationalsozialistische Täter : die intergenerative Wirkungsmacht des malignen Narzissmus /." Gießen : Psychosozial-Verl, 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0804/2007385082.html.
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Sirbu, Tatiana. "La politique des villages tsiganes en Bessarabie sous trois administrations: tsariste, roumaine et soviétique, 1812-1956." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209684.
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L’objet de cette recherche est la situation des Tsiganes de Bessarabie sous trois administrations :tsariste (1812-1918), roumaine (1918-1940, 1941-1944) et soviétique (1940-1941, 1944-156). Au niveau macro, nous nous sommes intéressés plus principalement à la politique des « villages tsiganes » qui est selon nous la plus révélatrice d’une continuité entre les trois administrations. Au niveau micro, nous avons suivi le parcours de quelques villages du centre et du sud de la Bessarabie sous ces trois administrations. En schématisant, on peut affirmer que le régime tsariste a appliqué en Bessarabie une politique de sédentarisation forcée par ségrégation. Nous l’illustrons par le cas des « villages tsiganes » de Kair et Faraonovka. L’administration roumaine pendant la dictature d’Antonescu a appliqué une politique de déportation en dehors des frontières historiques de la Roumanie, même si au départ il était question de créer des « villages tsiganes » dans la région de Baragan dans la partie sud-est du pays. Le régime soviétique a opté pour une politique de ségrégation forcée par assimilation.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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GNYDIUK, Olga. "Who is a 'Ukrainian' child? : UNRRA/IRO welfare workers and the politics of unaccompanied children of presumed Ukrainian origin in the aftermath of WWII (1945-1952)." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/57924.
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Defence date: 22 June 2018Examining Board: Prof. Laura Lee Downs, European University Institute (EUI Supervisor); Prof. Alexander Etkind, European University Institute; Prof. Silvia Salvatici, Università degli Studi di Milano; Prof. Tara Zahra, University of Chicago
The care and rehabilitation of displaced, orphaned or lost children after World War II became a significant challenge for the international humanitarian organizations, as well as for the military governments in the occupied territories. This dissertation explores the policies and practices that the welfare authorities and officers of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and International Refugee Organization (IRO), as well as American military officers in the US zone of Germany, formulated regarding the relief and resettlement of unaccompanied displaced children of Ukrainian origin between 1945 and 1952. From the autumn of 1945 onwards, the humanitarian officers with the approval of American officials in the US zone of Germany started to withhold Ukrainian children who originally came from the eastern Polish territories that were annexed by the Soviet Union from repatriation. The US military authorities declared that they did not recognize these children as Soviet citizens and instructed the welfare officers to consider them as nationals without governmental representation. As a result, the conflict over these children with the Soviet authorities, who were eager to repatriate them was inevitable. This dissertation explores how this geopolitical dispute shaped the policies of resettlement, care and welfare provision related to displaced children. By analyzing how the welfare officers and US military officials debated the national belonging and future destiny of these children, this study demonstrates how their decisions and activities in relation to Ukrainian children were founded on a humanitarian and political setting, which was formed by a pre-Cold War discourse. The examination of the IRO welfare officers' work with these children on the ground showed that repatriation to the Soviet Union was no longer considered to be in the best interests of Polish-Ukrainian children, while emigration and settlement in Germany was. This led the study to make a striking observation on how the IRO's welfare workers began to reconsider the future plans for the unaccompanied children who were living in German foster families. Namely, that from 1948, not long after the war had ended, welfare officers began to consider that allowing children to be adopted into German families would be in their best interests. Such opinions were voiced in spite of the Nazi’s Germanization program still being fresh in peoples’ memories, as well as more general fears that German society would hold a negative attitude towards foreign children. Finally, this case study provides a closer look at the complex relationships between the military and welfare authorities and officers that ranged from the disagreements about approaches to a child's resettlement to their joint work in the issues related to Ukrainian children.
Chapter 4 'Social Care in The Field' of the PhD thesis draws upon an earlier version published as chapter ''The advantages of repatriation do not offset the trauma of a removal' : IRO welfare workers and the problem of Ukrainian unaccompanied children in German foster families' in the book 'Freilegungen : rebuilding lives : child survivors and DP children in the aftermath of the Holocaust and forced labor'
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Palmer, Glen. "Reluctant refuge : unaccompanied refugee and evacuee children in Australia, 1933-45 / by Glen Palmer." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18678.
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Baker, Janet. "Lest we forget: the children they left behind: the life experience of adults born to black GIs and British women during the Second World War." 1999. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/8408.
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An estimated 22,000 children were born in England during the Second World War as a result of relationships between British women and .American GIs. Of these children, around 1,200-1,700 were born to African .American servicemen. These figures are estimates only; the actual number of births will never be known.The research study is based on personal interviews with eleven members of this cohort. The interviews explore their life experience and examines their sense of identity as ex-nuptial children, of mixed-race parentage, who had no contact with and usually little information about their GI fathers. Of the eleven mothers, over half were married with at least one other child at the time of the birth. Nine participants/respondents were raised by their mother or her extended family. Two were institutionalised. At the time of the interviews all of the respondents were either searching for, or had found, their black GI fathers.
This is a qualitative study which aims to bear witness to the lived experience of this cohort and to analyse the meaning individuals gave to their experience. Data collection involved personal interviews with the eleven participants. The data was then subject to a thematic analysis and the major themes and issues identified. Content analysis was undertaken using a constructivist approach.
The interviews are presented as elicited narrative relayed through an interpretive summary. Consistency was maintained by using common questions organised within a loose interview framework. The findings were organised around the major conceptual issues and themes that emerged from the case summaries. Common themes, including resilience, racial identity, self esteem and stress were identified.
The researcher has professional qualifications as a social worker and clinical family therapist. She has ten years experience in the field of adoption, including the transracial placement of Aboriginal and overseas children in Australian families. She is also a member of the researched cohort. Issues arising when the researcher is also a member of the researched cohort are discussed in the methodology.
The experience of this cohort suggests that despite the disadvantages of their birth, they fared better than expected. The majority demonstrated high levels of resilience, successfully developing a sense of identity that incorporated both the black and white aspects of their racial heritage. However, for some this success was only achieved at considerable personal cost, with several participants reporting relatively high levels of stress and/or stress related symptoms, such as anxiety, mental illness and heart disease.
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Stein, Heiko Carsten. "Erben des Schweigens : Studie zu Aspekten transgenerationaler Weitergabe von Traumata in der Familiengeschichte von deutschen Vertriebenen nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25122.
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Text in German, summaries in German and EnglishIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 190-197)
In dieser Forschungsarbeit wird untersucht, ob und inwieweit transgenerationale Übertragungsprozesse als Folge von psychischen Traumata, welche Vertriebene in und nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg erlebten, heute noch bei Nachfahren in der Kriegsenkelgeneration eine Rolle spielen. Dabei wird unter anderem untersucht, wie sich das Ereignis der Vertreibung mit Blick auf psychische Traumata konkret auswirkte und zu welchen, auch heute noch spürbaren, Symptomen es geführt hat. Auf Grund der Symptome wurden in einer empirischen Untersuchung fünf sogenannte Kriegsenkel interviewt, um zu erfahren, wie Betroffene die Auswirkungen dieser Symptome im Alltag beschreiben und welche Rolle dabei geistliche Erfahrungen spielen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Interviews führen zum Abgleich der Thesen und sollen schlussendlich helfen, praktische Konsequenzen für die Seelsorgearbeit zu ziehen und eine Hilfestellung in der Problemdiagnose zu geben.
This thesis explores if and how transgenerational transfer processes which are a consequence of mental traumata of displaced people in and after World War II still play a role in the lives of their descendants in the generation of the “grandchildren of war”. For one thing it looks at how the event of forced displacement specifically has had an impact on mental traumata and which symptoms have resulted, that are still perceptible today. Based on the symptoms five of the so called “grandchildren of war” have been interviewed in an empirical survey, in order to find out how those affected describe the effects of these symptoms on their everyday lives and which is the role of spiritual experiences. The findings of these interviews are compared to the theses and finally, should help to draw practical conclusions for councelling and offer help to diagnose problems.
Practical Theology
M. Th. (Practical Theology)
Books on the topic "World War, 1939-1945 – Children – Ukraine"
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Toll, Nelly S. Behind the secret window: A memoir of a hidden childhood during World War Two. New York: Putnam Puffin, 2003.
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Behind the secret window: A memoir of a hidden childhood during World War Two. New York: Dial Books, 1993.
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author, Klymenko T. A., and Melʹnychenko, V. M. (Vasylʹ Mykolaĭovych), author, eds. Ukradene dytynstvo: Dity i pidlitky Cherkashchyny v roky Druhoï svitovoï viĭny : zbirnyk naukovykh stateĭ, dokumentiv, materialiv ta spohadiv. Cherkasy: Vertykalʹ, 2015.
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Skrypuch, Marsha Forchuk. The war below: A novel. New York: Scholastic, Incorporated, 2018.
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Skibit︠s︡kiĭ, Aleksandr. Sobytii︠a︡ voĭny v detskom soznanii. Kiev: Vydavnyt︠s︡tvo PP "ĖKMO", 2005.
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Yones, Eliyahu. ʻAshan ba-ḥolot: Yehude Levov ba-milḥamah 1939-1944. Yerushalayim: Yad Ṿashem, 2001.
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Ot Evbaza do Shuli︠a︡vki: Okkupat︠s︡ii︠a︡ i poslevoennye gody : sbornik vospominaniĭ = Vid I︠E︡vbazu do Shuli︠a︡vky : okupat︠s︡ii︠a︡ ta pisli︠a︡voi︠e︡nni roku : zbirnyk spohadiv. Kiev: PAO "Vipol", 2013.
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Ukraine and the Second World War. New York: Published by Commission for Culture and Scholarship, Ukrainian Congress Committee of America, 1985.
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To live and fight another day. Jerusalem, Israel: Mazo Publishers, 2004.
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1932-, Hunczak Taras, and Shtohryn Dmytro M, eds. Ukraine. Lanham: University Press of America, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "World War, 1939-1945 – Children – Ukraine"
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Lynch, Gordon. "Flawed Progress: Criticisms of Residential Institutions for Child Migrants in Australia and Policy Responses, 1939–1945." In UK Child Migration to Australia, 1945-1970, 55–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69728-0_3.
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AbstractThe positive view of child migration held by UK Government officials in the inter-war period was not based on any regular system of inspections of the institutions in Australia to which children were sent. During the Second World War, UK Government officials became more of reported problems at several of these institutions, relating to standards of accommodation, management, care, training and after-care. This chapter traces the growing awareness of these problems and the UK Government’s response to them. Whilst policy-makers’ positive assumptions about child migration were challenged, and specific issues and institutions were known to require significant improvement, overall confidence in the value of child migration remained. Despite evidence of organisational failings in Australia, Australian welfare professionals were trusted to address these problems, and suggestions about the need for greater control from the United Kingdom were seen as a backward-looking attempt to limit the autonomy of Britain’s Dominions.
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Kryńska, Elwira J. "Deportacje i zniewolenie polskich dzieci wywiezionych w głąb Związku Sowieckiego w latach 1939–1941." In Dziecko w historii - między godnością a zniewoleniem. Tom 2. Godność jako źródło naszego człowieczeństwa, 67–93. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/dhmgz.02.2022.05.
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The aim of the article was to describe the fate of Polish children under the Soviet totalitarianism in 1939–1941. It gave rise to expansive militarization, leading to horrific crimes, deportation and enslavement. The death machine of Stalin’s power did not spare the children. The ruling regime was equally ruthless and criminal towards children. Not only were the basic laws of war not respected, but also the most basic human rights. The Soviet occupier deprived Polish children of the right to education, the right to normal physical development, the right to organize any form of social life, the right to their own nationality, and the right to life. In the 21st century, children in Europe are again victims of the aggressive actions of the Russian Federation, the former Soviet Union. It seemed that the cruelty and barbarity of World War II prompted reflection and the natural process of thinking about counteracting physical and psychological violence. Meanwhile, it turns out that the criminal and barbaric actions of the aggressors – the Soviets and Germans of the last century – have been forgotten by the whole world, which is being used by Russia, which has made the reconstruction of its former empire its main goal. The implementation of these plans is terrifying, especially since the Kremlin leader is threatening the world with the use of chemical and nuclear weapons after the illegal invasion of Ukraine.
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"2 The Orthodox Church in Ukraine to the End of World War II (1939–1945)." In The Orthodox Church in Ukraine, 59–94. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501757846-006.
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Marchuk, Vasyl Vasyliovych. "Confessional-ethnic and political transformations during the Second World War (1939-1945)." In CHURCH, SPIRITUALITY, NATION: THE UKRAINIAN GREEK-CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE SOCIAL LIFE OF UKRAINE, 103–21. Liha-Pres, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36059/978-966-397-213-8/103-121.
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