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Academic literature on the topic 'World War, 1914-1918 – Women – Italy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "World War, 1914-1918 – Women – Italy"

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ERMACORA, MATTEO. "Assistance and Surveillance: War Refugees in Italy, 1914–1918." Contemporary European History 16, no. 4 (November 2007): 445–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777307004110.

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AbstractThis article deals with the forms of assistance given to refugees in Italy during the First World War. The entire subject has been neglected because of the dominant myth of a victorious nation. The Italian situation was peculiar because of the high level of migration and the multi-ethnic origin of people in the border areas. By pinpointing the pattern of relocation in Italy during the war this article seeks to explain the policies pursued by the state and by aid agencies, the rationale behind that aid and the continuities and discontinuities in the assistance given to the refugees. Significant political, juridical and social issues evolved around the image of the refugee, including the protection that the state owed to its citizens.

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Thorpe, Wayne. "The European Syndicalists and War, 1914–1918." Contemporary European History 10, no. 1 (March 2001): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777301001011.

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This article argues that syndicalist trade union organizations, viewed internationally, were unique in First World War Europe in not supporting the war efforts or defensive efforts of their respective governments. The support for the war of the important French organisation has obscured the fact that the remaining five national syndicalist organisations – in belligerent Germany and Italy, and in neutral Spain, Sweden and the Netherlands – remained faithful to their professed workers' internationalism. The article argues that forces tending to integrate the labour movement in pre-1914 Europe had less effect on syndicalists than on other trade unions, and that syndicalist resistance to both integration and war in the non-Gallic countries was also influenced by their rivalry with social-democratic organisations.

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Turda, Marius. "The Biology of War: Eugenics in Hungary, 1914–1918." Austrian History Yearbook 40 (April 2009): 238–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237809000186.

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Much has been written concerning the impact of World War I on the development of eugenic thinking, especially in Germany, Britain, France, Italy, and the Scandinavian countries. This has led historians to examine not only specific eugenic movements, but also the international nexus of institutional collaboration, personal affinities, and transfer of ideas. If before 1914, eugenicists from various countries were united in their quest to improve society by biological means—a form of internationalism culminating in the First International Congress on Eugenics organized in 1912 in London—during World War I, many of them engaged in national politics, devising eugenic methodologies to serve the ideological imperatives of their own countries rather than the proclaimed universalism of the prewar years.

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Chiti, Judith, Diana Condell, and Jean Liddiard. "Working for Victory? Images of Women in the First World War 1914-1918." Woman's Art Journal 10, no. 1 (1989): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1358136.

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Diehl, Kimberly Natalie. "Representações e concepções relativas à mulher em postais franceses da Grande Guerra (1914-1918)." Revista Discente Ofícios de Clio 3, no. 5 (December 21, 2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/clio.v3i5.13992.

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Partindo do pressuposto que as imagens são também documento e monumento (LE GOFF, 1996), pois são produtos da ação humana que revelam marcas do passado, este artigo tem por objetivo analisar como as mulheres são representadas em um conjunto de cartões postais franceses, difundidos no contexto da Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914-1918). Nesses postais, as imagens diferem do real, logo, colaboraram para construir e propagar concepções e valores relativos a noções de gênero.Palavras-chave: Cartões-Postais, Representações, Gênero, Primeira Guerra Mundial. Abstract Assuming that images are also document and monument (LE GOFF, 1996) since are products of the human action that reveals past marks, this article aims to analyze how women were displayed in French postcard sets in the World War I background (1914-1918). The postcards' images differ from real which, and then, they allow to construct and propagate conceptions and values related to notions of gender.Keywords: Postcards, Representations, Gender, World War I.

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Morris Matthews, Kay, and Kay Whitehead. "Australian and New Zealand women teachers in the First World War." History of Education Review 48, no. 1 (June 3, 2019): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-05-2018-0012.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the contributions of women teachers to the war effort at home in Australia and New Zealand and in Egypt and Europe between 1914 and 1918. Design/methodology/approach Framed as a feminist transnational history, this research paper drew upon extensive primary and secondary source material in order to identify the women teachers. It provides comparative analyses using a thematic approach providing examples of women teachers war work at home and abroad. Findings Insights are offered into the opportunities provided by the First World War for channelling the abilities and leadership skills of women teachers at home and abroad. Canvassed also are the tensions for German heritage teachers; ideological differences concerning patriotism and pacifism and issues arising from government attitudes on both sides of the Tasman towards women’s war service. Originality/value This is likely the only research offering combined Australian–New Zealand analyses of women teacher’s war service, either in support at home in Australia and New Zealand or working as volunteers abroad. To date, the efforts of Australian and New Zealand women teachers have largely gone unrecognised.

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Krakowiak, Małgorzata. "The Issue of Girls’ Education in Warsaw Ideological Magazines for Women (1907–1918)." Nauki o Wychowaniu. Studia Interdyscyplinarne 11, no. 2 (November 6, 2020): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2450-4491.11.05.

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The aim of the article is to present the issue of girls’ education in Warsaw ideological magazines. The press titles selected for analysis were “Ster” (1907–1914), “Przebudzenie” (1909–1912), “Ziemianka” I and II (1908–1918; 1910–1918), and “Pracownica Polska” – “Pracownica Katolicka” (1907–1918). The article attempts to answer the questions: What issues related to the education of girls were raised in individual women’s periodicals? How were these topics described? What function did the press publications have? The analysis was qualitative. In this text, historical-pedagogical and press research methods were used. The article indicates and discusses the main issues of girls’ education published in selected women’s periodicals until the end of the First World War. The women’s publications represented various ideological positions. They are presented in order from most conservative to most progressive.

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Jiménez Fernández, Jaime Francisco. ""Militarism is a Movement of Retrogression": the Feminist Pacifism of Jane Addams, Mabel St Clair Stobart and Rose Macaulay in World War I." Revista Internacional de Culturas y Literaturas, no. 23 (2020): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ricl.2020.i23.17.

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The telling of the Great War (1914-1918), mainly through the point of view of combatants, is one of the best scenarios exemplifying how women have been obviated and censored throughout history. Moreover, the engagement of pacifist women in the conflict has been doubly belittled due to a misinterpretation of the term ‘pacifism’. Consequently, this paper aims at re-examining the origins and values of pacifism from a western perspective and giving visibility to pacifists Jane Addams, Mabel St Clair Stobart and Rose Macaulay and their efforts during the event.

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König, Ralf Martin. "Zwischen Ausbeutung, Förderung und Reglementierung: Textile Kriegsheimarbeit in Deutschland 1914 bis 1918." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 58, no. 2 (November 27, 2017): 537–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2017-0020.

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Abstract This essay intends to provide an introduction into an interesting aspect of the German war economy of the First World War not previously examined in detail: home-based outwork for the production of military supplies. In particular, this type of home-based outwork enjoyed great popularity amongst women with no previous experience of this form of work, such as soldiers’ wives and war widows. They were supported by various charitable welfare societies and women’s organizations which campaigned for public welfare during the war. Their efforts included the establishment of sewing rooms in which military home-based outwork was provided as emergency work. Orders were supplied by the military procurement bodies of the German Reich. Although many potential workers were thus withheld from the armaments industry, the development was not seen as a problem by the military administration. However, it did react critically to the many cases in which particularly female home workers were duped by firms when picking up their work. Especially in the area around Berlin, the military authorities intervened vigorously to enforce standard wages for the home workers sewing military uniforms. Nevertheless, the year 1916 marks a turning point: This benevolent stance on home-based outwork changed under the pressure of new employment priorities. New contract regulations made military home-based outwork difficult for unskilled male and female workers to access. These were in theory then available to work in the armaments industry and in agriculture, areas both struggling to meet labour demands. Moreover, the changes led to an organizational separation between sandbag sewing and other home-based outwork involved in producing textiles for the military. In the case of sandbag sewing, a separate war committee was responsible for the planned distribution of sandbag orders throughout the whole Reich.

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Kent, Susan Kingsley. "The Politics of Sexual Difference: World War I and the Demise of British Feminism." Journal of British Studies 27, no. 3 (July 1988): 232–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/385912.

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The outbreak of war in August 1914 brought to a halt the activities of both militant and constitutional suffragists in their efforts to gain votes for women. By that time, the suffrage campaign had attained the size and status of a mass movement, commanding the time, energies, and resources of thousands of men and women and riveting the attention of the British public. In early 1918, in what it defined as a gesture of recognition for women's contribution to the war effort, Parliament granted the vote to women over the age of thirty. This measure, while welcome to feminists as a symbol of the fall of the sex barrier, failed to enfranchise some five million out of eleven million adult women. When war ended, feminists continued to agitate for votes for women on the same terms as they had been granted to men, but organized feminism, despite the fact that almost half of the potential female electorate remained disenfranchised, never regained its prewar status as a mass movement. By the end of the 1920s, feminism as a distinct political and social movement no longer existed. This was due to the impact of the war on cultural perceptions of gender. Feminists' understandings of masculinity and femininity became transformed during the war and in the immediate postwar period, until they were virtually indistinguishable from those of antifeminists.As I have argued elsewhere, prewar British feminists regarded their movement as an attack on separate-sphere ideology and its constructions of masculinity and femininity.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "World War, 1914-1918 – Women – Italy"

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Reyburn, Karen Ann. "Blurring the boundaries, images of women in Canadian propaganda of World War I." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ35925.pdf.

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Kimball, Toshla (Toshla Rene). "Women, War, and Work: British Women in Industry 1914 to 1919." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500947/.

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This thesis examines the entry of women, during World War I, into industrial employment that men had previously dominated. It attempts to determine if women's wartime activities significantly changed the roles women played in industry and society. Major sources consulted include microfilm of the British Cabinet Minutes and British Cabinet Papers; Parliamentary Debates; memoirs of contemporaries like David Lloyd George, Beatrice Webb, Sylvia Pankhurst, and Monica Cosens; and contemporary newspapers. The examination begins with the early debates concerning the pressing need for labor in war industries, women's recruitment into industry, women's work and plans, the government's arrangements for demobilization, and women's roles in postwar industry. The thesis concludes that women were treated as a transient commodity by the government and the trade unions.

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Marcuzzi, Stefano. "Anglo-Italian relations during the First World War." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2e1d8ba7-53eb-4c29-8974-d1fa0e36cc65.

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This thesis examines how the newly-born Anglo-Italian alliance operated during World War I, and how it influenced each of Britain's and Italy's strategies. It argues that Britain was Italy's main partner in the conflict: Rome sought to make Britain the guarantor of the London treaty, which had brought Italy into the war on the side of the Allies, as well as its main naval and financial partner within the Entente. London, for its part, used its special partnership with Italy to reach three main objectives. The first was to have Rome increasingly involved in the Entente's global war, thus going beyond the national dimension of the 'fourth war of independence' against Austria-Hungary. Britain aimed in particular to complete the blockade of the Central Powers by securing the Mediterranean. This result was achieved slowly - Italy declared war on Turkey in autumn 1915 and on Germany in summer 1916 - and not without contradictions, such as Italy's persistently self-reliant trade policy. The second British goal was to keep Italy in the war when the Caporetto crisis hit: British financial, commercial and military support was crucial to restore Italian forces and morale, and allow Rome to pursue to fight. Finally, in a wider geo-political sense, Britain took advantage of its good relations with Italy to balance French influence in the Mediterranean and the Middle East. London acted as a mediator in the controversies between Rome, Petrograd and Paris, taking upon it the task of keeping the alliance together. Anglo-Italian relations worsened in 1918. Britain's leadership within the Entente declined and was gradually replaced by American leadership. President Wilson's 'politics of nationalities' produced a significant revision of the London pact: Italy felt betrayed by its main partner, Britain, and this caused a long-lasting resentment towards London which had far-reaching consequences in the post-war period.

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Chan, Lai-on, and 陳麗安. "New enemies: women writers and the First World War." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38628703.

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Chan, Lai-on. "New enemies women writers and the First World War /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38628703.

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Argent, Christopher M. "'For God, king and country' : aspects of patriotic campaigns in Adelaide during the Great War, with special reference to the Cheer-Up Society, the League of Loyal Women and conscription /." Title page and Contents only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ara6888.pdf.

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Curran, Jennifer. "To make war unthinkable : the Woman's Peace Party of New York, 1914-1919 /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0026/MQ34176.pdf.

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Piep, Karsten H. "Embattled homefronts politics and representation in American World War I novels /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1109634736.

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Kelly, Alice Rose. "'A change of heart' : representations of death and memorialisation in First World War writing by women, 1914-39." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708210.

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Brady, Sara. "Nursing in Cardiff during the First World War : a study of the interaction between women, war and medicine in a provincial city." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683201.

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Books on the topic "World War, 1914-1918 – Women – Italy"

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Women and the Great War: Femininity under fire in Italy. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

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The light in between. London: Pushkin Press, 2010.

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Cassar, George H. The forgotten front: The British campaign in Italy, 1917-1918. London: Hambledon Press, 1998.

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Women in World War I. London: Raintree, 2014.

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Women in World War I. Chicago, Illinois: Heinemann Library, 2014.

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Those extraordinary women of World War I. Brookfield, Conn: Millbrook Press, 2001.

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Gavin, Lettie. American women in World War I. Niwot, Colo: Univesity Press of Colorado, 1997.

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Varriale, Paolo. Italian Aces of World War 1. Oxford: Osprey Pub., 2009.

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Varriale, Paolo. Italian Aces of World War 1. Oxford: Osprey Pub., 2009.

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Varriale, Paolo. Italian Aces of World War 1. Oxford: Osprey Pub., 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "World War, 1914-1918 – Women – Italy"

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Bruley, Sue. "No Time to Weep: The First World War, 1914–1918." In Women in Britain since 1900, 37–58. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27743-8_3.

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Donohue, Christopher. "“A Mountain of Nonsense”? Czech and Slovenian Receptions of Materialism and Vitalism from c. 1860s to the First World War." In History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences, 67–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12604-8_5.

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AbstractIn general, historians of science and historians of ideas do not focus on critical appraisals of scientific ideas such as vitalism and materialism from Catholic intellectuals in eastern and southeastern Europe, nor is there much comparative work available on how significant European ideas in the life sciences such as materialism and vitalism were understood and received outside of France, Germany, Italy and the UK. Insofar as such treatments are available, they focus on the contributions of nineteenth century vitalism and materialism to later twentieth ideologies, as well as trace the interactions of vitalism and various intersections with the development of genetics and evolutionary biology see Mosse (The culture of Western Europe: the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Westview Press, Boulder, 1988, Toward the final solution: a history of European racism. Howard Fertig Publisher, New York, 1978; Turda et al., Crafting humans: from genesis to eugenics and beyond. V&R Unipress, Goettingen, 2013). English and American eugenicists (such as William Caleb Saleeby), and scores of others underscored the importance of vitalism to the future science of “eugenics” (Saleeby, The progress of eugenics. Cassell, New York, 1914). Little has been written on materialism qua materialism or vitalism qua vitalism in eastern Europe.The Czech and Slovene cases are interesting for comparison insofar as both had national awakenings in the middle of the nineteenth century which were linguistic and scientific, while also being religious in nature (on the Czech case see David, Realism, tolerance, and liberalism in the Czech National awakening: legacies of the Bohemian reformation. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2010; on the Slovene case see Kann and David, Peoples of the Eastern Habsburg Lands, 1526-1918. University of Washington Press, Washington, 2010). In the case of many Catholic writers writing in Moravia, there are not only slight noticeable differences in word-choice and construction but a greater influence of scholastic Latin, all the more so in the works of nineteenth century Czech priests and bishops.In this case, German, Latin and literary Czech coexisted in the same texts. Thus, the presence of these three languages throws caution on the work on the work of Michael Gordin, who argues that scientific language went from Latin to German to vernacular. In Czech, Slovenian and Croatian cases, all three coexisted quite happily until the First World War, with the decades from the 1840s to the 1880s being particularly suited to linguistic flexibility, where oftentimes writers would put in parentheses a Latin or German word to make the meaning clear to the audience. Note however that these multiple paraphrases were often polemical in the case of discussions of materialism and vitalism.In Slovenia Čas (Time or The Times) ran from 1907 to 1942, running under the muscular editorship of Fr. Aleš Ušeničnik (1868–1952) devoted hundreds of pages often penned by Ušeničnik himself or his close collaborators to wide-ranging discussions of vitalism, materialism and its implied social and societal consequences. Like their Czech counterparts Fr. Matěj Procházka (1811–1889) and Fr. Antonín LenzMaterialismMechanismDynamism (1829–1901), materialism was often conjoined with "pantheism" and immorality. In both the Czech and the Slovene cases, materialism was viewed as a deep theological problem, as it made the Catholic account of the transformation of the Eucharistic sacrifice into the real presence untenable. In the Czech case, materialism was often conjoined with “bestiality” (bestialnost) and radical politics, especially agrarianism, while in the case of Ušeničnik and Slovene writers, materialism was conjoined with “parliamentarianism” and “democracy.” There is too an unexamined dialogue on vitalism, materialism and pan-Slavism which needs to be explored.Writing in 1914 in a review of O bistvu življenja (Concerning the essence of life) by the controversial Croatian biologist Boris Zarnik) Ušeničnik underscored that vitalism was an speculative outlook because it left the field of positive science and entered the speculative realm of philosophy. Ušeničnik writes that it was “Too bad” that Zarnik “tackles” the question of vitalism, as his zoological opinions are interesting but his philosophy was not “successful”. Ušeničnik concluded that vitalism was a rather old idea, which belonged more to the realm of philosophy and Thomistic theology then biology. It nonetheless seemed to provide a solution for the particular characteristics of life, especially its individuality. It was certainly preferable to all the dangers that materialism presented. Likewise in the Czech case, Emmanuel Radl (1873–1942) spent much of his life extolling the virtues of vitalism, up until his death in home confinement during the Nazi Protectorate. Vitalism too became bound up in the late nineteenth century rediscovery of early modern philosophy, which became an essential part of the development of new scientific consciousness and linguistic awareness right before the First World War in the Czech lands. Thus, by comparing the reception of these ideas together in two countries separated by ‘nationality’ but bounded by religion and active engagement with French and German ideas (especially Driesch), we can reconstruct not only receptions of vitalism and materialism, but articulate their political and theological valances.

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Strong, Anise K. "The Golden Aspects of Roman Imperialism in Film, 1914–2015." In Screening the Golden Ages of the Classical Tradition, 225–42. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474440844.003.0013.

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The first of three chapters that address Rome’s complicated legacy as an imperial state is Strong’s survey of films that present imperialism as beneficial for Rome’s provincial subjects and other “barbarians,” spanning a century of filmmaking from 1914 to 2015. The films in question were produced by and for members of three imperial states during particular historical periods: Italy between World Wars I and II, the United Kingdom after World War II, and the United States after 9/11. Strong’s analysis treats three major arguments variously offered by these films to justify imperialism as producing golden-age conditions for subjects: the technology and order provided by “civilization,” the enlightened embrace of diverse peoples within one expansive community, and the masculine valor of its soldiers. These portrayals, as products of societies engaged in imperialistic behavior, tend to ignore the moral problems of slavery, repression of Christianity, and the status of women in Roman society. Films treated include Cabiria (1914), Scipio l’Africano (1937), The Fall of the Roman Empire (1964), Monty Python’s Life of Brian (1979), Centurion (2010), The Eagle (2011), and The Last Legion (2007).

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"World War I, August 1914–November 1918." In The Crisis of Liberal Italy, 61–68. Cambridge University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511523281.003.

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Thom, Deborah. "Women, War Work, and the State in Ireland, 1914–1918." In Irish Women in the First World War Era, 122–37. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429317453-8.

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Bourke, Joanna. "Worlds at War, 1914–1918." In Birkbeck, 317—C17.F9. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846631.003.0017.

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Abstract At least ninety-three Birkbeckians were killed during the First World War; thousands were wounded. The College continued to operate during the war. It welcomed Belgian refugees and established classes designed to help the ‘war effort’. The travails of the men and women on the home front were trivial when compared with those in or near the front lines. However, Birkbeck staff and students had to deal with disruptions due to air raids. The biggest contribution was made by Professor of Botany, Helen Gwynne-Vaughan, who was appointed the first Chief Controller of the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps. In the aftermath of the war, special classes were established for ex-servicemen. The war memorial to the dead was widely disliked.

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Pašeta, Senia. "New Issues and Old: women and politics in Ireland, 1914–1918." In Irish Women in the First World War Era, 104–21. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429317453-7.

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"Women's Contributions." In The Chemists' War: 1914–1918, 25–41. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781849739894-00025.

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As far as chemistry was concerned, the total war – a war where a combatant nation employs all its available resources to fight the war – of 1914–1918 more or less involved every chemist in one way or another; all available chemicals; every academic, government and industrial chemistry laboratory; every last test-tube and Bunsen burner; and the entire chemical industry. This chapter details the role of women during the war, and the rise of female employment. Women took on jobs that had previously been considered unsuitable. Women worked in munitions factories, as nurses on the front line, and trained as doctors to replace the men who had been called up for service in the Royal Army Medical Corps. Female chemists, many of whom were employed in schools and universities, also played an important role during the war, replacing the men who had signed on for active service. The chapter provides a more detailed insight to several notable figures: Martha Annie Whiteley (OBE), who worked on the synthesis of anaesthetics and drugs needed for military hospitals; Marjory Stephenson (MBE), who interrupted her medical research to join the British Red Cross; and Muriel Robertson, who worked on the problem of gas gangrene during both world wars.

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Siebrecht, Claudia. "The Tears of 1939: German Women and the Emotional Archive of the First World War." In Total War, 78–97. British Academy, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266663.003.0005.

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This chapter focuses on tearful reactions to the outbreak of war in 1939 as described and recalled by German women in diaries, memoirs, and oral histories. Women who were at different life stages in 1939 offer nuanced and explicit testimonies of their emotional responses, which were predominantly framed with references to the First World War. Retained memories of bereavement and hardship are particularly striking, and this chapter argues that both personal and familial experiences of the period between 1914 and 1918 were of key importance as they accumulated into an emotional archive. This emotional archive represented a crucial reference point for women to gauge a contemporaneous response to a political event—the outbreak of war in 1939. It also facilitated the construction of a personal stance and political positioning to war in a retrospective post-Second World War context. Women’s tears of 1939 were therefore about more than the outbreak of war; they were about owning and disowning different parts of their past.

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Metinsoy, Elif Mahir. "Ordinary Ottoman Women during World War I: The Response of Soldiers’ Families to the War Mobilization." In Not All Quiet on the Ottoman Fronts: Neglected Perspectives on a Global War, 1914-1918, 133–48. Ergon – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783956507786-133.

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