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Journal articles on the topic 'World War, 1914-1918 – Algeria'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Karpat, Kemal H. "The Ottoman Emigration to America,1860–1914." International Journal of Middle East Studies 17, no. 2 (May 1985): 175–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800028993.

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Population movements have always played a major role in the life of Islam and particularly the Middle East. During the nineteenth century, however, the transfer of vast numbers of people from one region to another profoundly altered the social, ethnic, and religious structure of the Ottoman state—that is, the Middle East and the Balkans. The footloose tribes of eastern Anatolia, Syria, Iraq, and the Arabian peninsula were spurred into motion on an unprecedented scale by economic and social events, and the Ottoman government was forced to undertake settlement measures that had widespread effects. The Ottoman-Russian wars, which began in 1806 and occurred at intervals throughout the century, displaced large groups of people, predominantly Muslims from the Crimea, the Caucasus, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean islands. Uprooted from their ancestral homelands, they eventually settled in Anatolia, Syria (inclusive of the territories of modern-day Jordan, Lebanon, and Israel as well as modern Syria), and northern Iraq. These migrations continued until the time of the First World War. In addition, after 1830 waves of immigrants came from Algeria—especially after Abdel Kader ended his resistance to the French—and from Tunisia as well. These people too settled in Syria at Damascus.

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2

Badinjki, Taher. "The Challenge of Arabization in Syria." American Journal of Islam and Society 11, no. 1 (April 1, 1994): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v11i1.2457.

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The eclipse of Arabic that took place in the last part of the eighteenthand the early nineteenth century was caused by several factots. This paperlooks at the mxons for this eclipse and also sheds light on the revival ofArabic in the Arab world in general and in Syria in particular.The conquest of Syria and Egypt by Salim I in 1516 and 1517 marksa definite stage in the extension of Ottoman sway over the Arab world.His crushing victories made him the master of Iraq and Syria and enabledhim to enter Cairo and establish his rule over Egypt. Under his successor,Sulaymh the Magnificent, the subjection of the Arab world was extendedwestward along the North African coast and southward as far as Yemenand Aden. Upon Stdaymiin’s death in 1566, the Ottomans ruled the Arabworld from Algeria to the Arabian Gulf, and from Aleppo to the IndianOcean. In addition to the sacred cities of Makkah, Madinah, and Jerusalem,it embraced Damascus, the fitst capital of the Arab empire, andBaghdad, whose sciences had once illuminated the world. With varyingfortunes, and frequently accompanied by war and revolt, the OttomanEmpire maintained itself in these territories until the end of the eighteenthcentury and the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.At the beginning of the eighteenth century, the Ottoman Empire witnesseda movement of reform and reorganization under Abmad III(1703-30) and his successors. However, the Arab world did not seem to benefitvery much from it. In addition, these reforms, intended primarily to arrestthe Empire’s decline and restore vitality to its system, sought to establishTurldsh as the language of instruction. Later on, Arabic was abandonedand Turkish became the language of instruction in government schoolsand educational institutions.‘ Only Arabic grammatical rules, which wereindispensable for an understanding of Ottoman literature, were taught and,quite often, by Turkish teachers ...

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3

Denezhuk, Artem Naskidovich, and Andrey Sergeevich Mikaelian. "WORLD WAR I 1914-1918." News of scientific achievements, no. 6 (2019): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36616/2618-7612-2019-6-18-20.

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4

Ivanova, Natalia. "Petrograd: First World War (19141918)." Cahiers Bruxellois Brusselse Cahiers XLVI, no. 1E (2014): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/brux.046e.0159.

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5

Nolan, Cathal J. "Civilians in a World at War, 1914–1918." International History Review 34, no. 3 (September 2012): 619–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2012.718125.

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6

Kahn, Marcel-Francis. "The World War I (1914–1918) and rheumatology." Joint Bone Spine 81, no. 5 (October 2014): 384–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2014.04.015.

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7

Gregory, Dr Adrian. "Civilians in a world at war, 1914–1918." First World War Studies 4, no. 2 (October 2013): 274–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475020.2013.843885.

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8

M L, Revanna. "Problems of Industrialization Mysore -1914 -1918." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, S1-Feb (February 6, 2021): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8is1-feb.3962.

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During the First World War period, despite the best efforts by the Government of Mysore it was difficult to start and run many industries which required large -scale import of machineries. The First World War had broken the regular commercial traffic between Europe, the Mediterranean and India. On the one hand, the state escaped from the reckless floatation of companies that characterized the boom that followed the war, but some capital was invested in shares in outside companies. However as far as the investment in the new industries was concerned, capital was certainly shy in Mysore during the warperiod1. This situation continued even in the early twenties. Even during 1921-22, business conditions continued to be unfavorable throughout the year. Heavy losses were sustained by per-sons engaged in the business of piece-goods, timber, hides and skins and to a certain extent in food grains.

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9

Gregory, Adrian. "1914–1918: The History of the First World War." English Historical Review 120, no. 488 (September 1, 2005): 1056–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cei347.

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10

Thorpe, Wayne. "The European Syndicalists and War, 1914–1918." Contemporary European History 10, no. 1 (March 2001): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777301001011.

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This article argues that syndicalist trade union organizations, viewed internationally, were unique in First World War Europe in not supporting the war efforts or defensive efforts of their respective governments. The support for the war of the important French organisation has obscured the fact that the remaining five national syndicalist organisations – in belligerent Germany and Italy, and in neutral Spain, Sweden and the Netherlands – remained faithful to their professed workers' internationalism. The article argues that forces tending to integrate the labour movement in pre-1914 Europe had less effect on syndicalists than on other trade unions, and that syndicalist resistance to both integration and war in the non-Gallic countries was also influenced by their rivalry with social-democratic organisations.

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11

Vanhaesebrouck, Karel. "Theatre of War: Commemorating World War I in Belgium." TDR/The Drama Review 61, no. 4 (December 2017): 40–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram_a_00691.

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Every town and village throughout Flanders is commemorating the gruesome events of 1914–1918 with a range of activities. Some of these propose intelligent and thoroughly researched perspectives on WWI, while others are just simple tourist entertainments. Flemish theatre artists enthusiastically contribute to this frenzy, although some choose to deconstruct the folkloric myths to comment on the economics of the commemoration industry or on present-day atrocities.

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12

Denyssov, V. N. "World war and international law. 100 years to the First world war 1914–1918." Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava” 30 (2019): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/0869-2491-2019-30-375-383.

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13

Honcar, B. "American diplomacy and the outbreak of 1914-1918 World War." Україна дипломатична, Вип. 15 (2014): 633.

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14

Panayi, P. "Germans in Britain During the First World War, 1914-1918." German History 7, no. 2 (August 1, 1989): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635548900700204.

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15

Farrar, L. L. "The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary, 1914–1918." History: Reviews of New Books 26, no. 3 (April 1998): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1998.10528124.

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16

Panayi, P. "Germans in Britain During the First World War, 1914-1918." German History 7, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/7.2.226.

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17

Speransky, A. "Uralian arsenal of the First world war 1914–1918 years." Bulletin of the South Ural State University Series «Social Sciences and the Humanities» 16, no. 4 (2016): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/ssh160417.

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18

Showalter, Dennis, and Holger H. Herwig. "The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary, 1914-1918." Journal of Military History 61, no. 4 (October 1997): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2954103.

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19

Lyubovets, Nadiia. "The First World War 1914-1918 in a Memoir Representation." Naukovì pracì Nacìonalʹnoï bìblìoteki Ukraïni ìmenì V Ì Vernadsʹkogo, no. 64 (October 14, 2022): 196–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/np.64.196.

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20

Simonenko, E. S. "Naval Policy of Canada during First World War (1914—1918)." Nauchnyi dialog 11, no. 8 (October 30, 2022): 436–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2022-11-8-436-452.

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The activities of the Navy Ministry of Canada during the First World War are analyzed in the article. For the first time in Russian historiography, the main directions of Canada’s maritime policy are formulated within the framework of the government’s military course during the First World War. The sources for the study were the debates of the House of Commons of the Canadian Parliament, publications in the Canadian press, the military series of historical and statistical collections and journalism of those years. The state of Canadian naval bases and ports, as well as the features of the development of the shipbuilding industry of the dominion during the war years is characterized. It is proved that during the war years, Canada’s maritime policy was determined by the British Admiralty and developed in two directions: imperial and national. The development of the imperial direction of maritime policy was carried out in the interests of Great Britain. It provided for the recruitment of Canadian volunteers for service in the Royal Navy and the development of a shipbuilding industry for the needs of the British Navy. The national direction of maritime policy provided for the protection of Canadian coasts and territorial waters, for which the infrastructure of Canadian naval bases and ports was actively used. To perform patrol and escort functions, state and private vessels were involved not only for military, but also for civilian purposes.

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21

Turda, Marius. "The Biology of War: Eugenics in Hungary, 1914–1918." Austrian History Yearbook 40 (April 2009): 238–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237809000186.

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Much has been written concerning the impact of World War I on the development of eugenic thinking, especially in Germany, Britain, France, Italy, and the Scandinavian countries. This has led historians to examine not only specific eugenic movements, but also the international nexus of institutional collaboration, personal affinities, and transfer of ideas. If before 1914, eugenicists from various countries were united in their quest to improve society by biological means—a form of internationalism culminating in the First International Congress on Eugenics organized in 1912 in London—during World War I, many of them engaged in national politics, devising eugenic methodologies to serve the ideological imperatives of their own countries rather than the proclaimed universalism of the prewar years.

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22

Mcguire, Michael. "A Fractured Service: Frances Webster and The Great War, 1914–1918." New England Quarterly 91, no. 2 (June 2018): 307–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00671.

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Born to privilege in Boston, Frances Webster, like her peers volunteered overseas with the American Red Cross as a nurse's aide. Where the activities of other Americans during the First World War is characterized as a “culture of coercive volunterism,” Webster's reflected a more complex mixture of altruism and tourism. Her history of participation in the First World War suggests historians need more multifaceted frameworks to explain Americans' First World War service.

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23

Woodward, David R. "The Great War, 1914-1918, and: Who's Who in World War One (review)." Journal of Military History 67, no. 4 (2003): 1310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jmh.2003.0341.

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24

Канинская, Г. Н. ""War Culture" in German Postcards of 1914-1918." Диалог со временем, no. 79(79) (August 20, 2022): 404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2022.79.79.029.

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В статье рассматривается монография доктора исторических наук А.С. Медякова, изданная в 2021 г. В ней автор, на основе анализа солидного массива немецких открыток периода Первой мировой войны, показал, как формировалась «культура войны» в визуальной форме, как конструировался, поддерживался и эволюционировал в немецком обществе образ врага и союзника. Военный дискурс в книге представлен по многим срезам: социокультурному, историко-генетическому, идейно-пропаган-дистскому, сравнительному, лингвистическому. The article discusses the monograph of Doctor of Historical Sciences Alexander S. Medyakov, published in 2021. The author, who devoted a quarter of a century to collecting old postcards, for the first time in Russian historical science, showed based on the analysis of a solid array of German postcards from the period of the First World War, how the “culture of war” was formed » in visual form, how the image of the enemy and ally was designed, maintained and evolved in German society. The military discourse in the book is presented in many sections: socio-cultural, historical-genetic, ideological-propaganda, comparative, linguistic. The practice of distribution of printed materials is disclosed in detail, much attention is paid to the state and private press, competition in the postcard market, and censorship.

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25

Begum, Imrana. "The Muslims of India and the First World War 1914-1918." International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research 5 (March 1, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2371-1655.2019.05.01.

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26

GELFAND, LAWRENCE E. "Through the Prism of Seven Decades: The World War, 1914?1918." Diplomatic History 14, no. 1 (January 1990): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7709.1990.tb00079.x.

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27

Siebrecht, Claudia. "Tammy M. Proctor, Civilians in a World at War, 1914–1918." European History Quarterly 42, no. 2 (April 2012): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691412440082x.

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28

Fischer, Christopher. "Civilians in a World at War, 1914-1918 (review)." Journal of World History 23, no. 2 (2012): 459–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2012.0038.

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29

Monger, David. "Tammy M. Proctor, Civilians in a World at War, 1914–1918." Journal of Contemporary History 47, no. 3 (July 2012): 653–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009412440542c.

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30

ERMACORA, MATTEO. "Assistance and Surveillance: War Refugees in Italy, 1914–1918." Contemporary European History 16, no. 4 (November 2007): 445–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777307004110.

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AbstractThis article deals with the forms of assistance given to refugees in Italy during the First World War. The entire subject has been neglected because of the dominant myth of a victorious nation. The Italian situation was peculiar because of the high level of migration and the multi-ethnic origin of people in the border areas. By pinpointing the pattern of relocation in Italy during the war this article seeks to explain the policies pursued by the state and by aid agencies, the rationale behind that aid and the continuities and discontinuities in the assistance given to the refugees. Significant political, juridical and social issues evolved around the image of the refugee, including the protection that the state owed to its citizens.

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31

Samson, Anne. "The End of the 1914–1918 War in Africa." Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies, no. 27/3 (September 17, 2018): 83–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/0860-5734.27.3.05.

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The end of the First World War in Africa occurred at different times across the continent as the German colonies capitulated and surrendered to the allied forces between 26 August 1914 and 25 November 1918. The experience of each territory was indicative of its colonial development and local conditions. As the war inched across the landscape so people moved between states of peace and conflict, all caught up in some aspect either directly or through the provision of food and other materials. This chapter explores different experiences across the continent and the legacy of the discussions at Versailles. ERRATUM Anne Samson and the editors of Anglica: An International Journal for English Studies wish to apologize to George Ndakwena Njung for the misspelling of his name in the in-text references and the references section (90, 92, 110).

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32

Clavin, Patricia. "The Economic Consequences of the War and the Peace." Current History 113, no. 766 (November 1, 2014): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2014.113.766.324.

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33

Grdina, Igor. "Activism, Meditation and Contemplation: Music and the First World War." Musicological Annual 53, no. 2 (November 27, 2017): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/mz.53.2.5-21.

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The paper discusses the turn from activism to contemplation in the works of many music creators during the First World War. It also discusses the reasons why the reception of music during the conflict of 1914–1918 was the most restricted so far, prohibiting the performance of works by creators from enemy countries.

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34

Shevchenko, V. "The Great War of 1914-1918 and Ukraine: Historical Memory and Commemoration." Problems of World History, no. 8 (March 14, 2019): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2019-8-7.

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The First World War was a turning point in the development of civilization. Ukraine was at the center of this global conflict. Some of the largest and bloodiest offensive operations took place on itslands (East Halychyna, Bukovyna, Volyn), and the population was forced to fight on both sides of the front. Nevertheless, for many years the national public and professional researchers has beenoverlooked the War. In this paper, the Great War of 1914-1918 was been considered in the light of the historical memory of Ukrainian society and commemorative practices. In Eastern Halychyna, which was part of Poland after the War, there were intensive efforts to preserve the burials of war victims. In the Ukrainian state, the first steps to perpetuate the memory of the victims were made under the Hetman P. Skoropadskyi. Soviet authorities systematically «supplanted» the memory of the First World War from the mass consciousness, so that it was «forgotten».With changing approaches to the coverage of the historical past in independent Ukraine, interest towards the events of 1914-1918 has increased, and the process of perpetuating and commemoratingthem was intensified. Now, the restoration of the historical truth about the First World War and its preservation require the constructive interaction of the state, public organizations, specialists fromdifferent fields of knowledge.

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35

Ruszała, Kamil. "Fellow Citizens or Aliens? Galician Refugees during the First World War in Hungary." Prace Historyczne 148, no. 4 (December 2021): 795–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844069ph.21.051.14027.

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The outbreak of the First World War (1914–1918) forced the countless civilians to leave their homes and to become war refugees. This topic has remained largely unexplored by the historians. The number of refugees from the multinational Galicia in the years 1914–1918 was large in many parts of the former Austria-Hungary, which finds its reflection in archival materials scattered over various archives and over an extensive territory. This paper presents the issue of the Galician war refugees who found themselves in the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen. It also outlines the general problem of emigration as well as describes relations between the refugees and the local people. It was not only due to antagonisms but also due to the administrative decisions of the Hungarian authorities that the Galician refugees remained alien to the locals, despite the fact they all were citizens of the same Habsburg Monarchy.

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36

Pirnat, Jani. "Animals in the Years 1914–1918 as Part of War Propaganda." Instinct, Vol. 4, no. 1 (2019): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m6.071.art.

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The article focuses on examples of also using animals for war propaganda. Photography served to justify animal drafting, to keep up the military morale, and to show how cruel the enemy was. The animal ‘heroes’ of the newspapers– horses, dogs and pigeons – illustrate the attitude of humankind toward animalkind in the first industrial and technological war that showed the vulnerability and the nonsense of using animals on the fronts. Keywords: animals in war, First World War, photography, propaganda images of animals, representation of animals, surveillance

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37

Overto, John. "War and Economic Development: Settlers in Kenya, 1914–1918." Journal of African History 27, no. 1 (March 1986): 79–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700029212.

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The First World War is perhaps the least studied period in the historiography of European settlement in Kenya. This paper reverses the previously held view of settler economic decline and disarray. Despite apparent problems of shipping shortages, closure of markets and loss of white manpower, settler products were grown and exported in ever-increasing quantities during the war years. The grain and livestock industries were stimulated by new wartime markets whilst plantation crops, chiefly sisal and coffee, continued the impetus of pre-war activity and substantial new planting took place. Prosperity and development, not reversal and decline, were the keynotes of the settler wartime economy. With this new evidence and understanding, it is possible to re-interpret much of the early history of colonial Kenya. The fundamental vulnerability and stuttering growth of white settlement before 1914 gave way to the gradual assertion of the settler economy over the African, with state support, during and after the war. But this assertion and growth was founded upon abnormal economic circumstances: on cheap and available labour, insatiable markets and a pre-occupied colonial state. The post-war crises of labour and market contraction, and the pre-eminence of the settler sector after 1920, therefore must be traced to this accelerated and artificial growth in the settler economy in 1914–18.

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38

Marimuthu, Jayakumary. "KESAN PERANG DUNIA PERTAMA (1914-1918) TERHADAP NEGERI-NEGERI MELAYU BERSEKUTU (NNMB)." SEJARAH 30, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 62–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol30no1.4.

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The outbreak of World War I in 1914 appears to have been dragged Malaya,particularly Federated Malays States (FMS) into the mire of the war itself. Various implications have emerged out of it and hence, influenced the development of the political, economic and social sectors of FMS. Therefore, this paper will be analyzing the changes that took place in FMS from 1914 to 1918. In addition, this paper also will be looking on how the British dealt with the issues and problems occurred during the World War I in FMS within the time frame. Based on historical theme, this research depends on qualitative method. This research uses materials and resources obtained from the National Archives of Malaysia, National Library of Malaysia, Main Library of University of Malaya (MU), Tun Sri Lanang Library of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Sultan Abdul Samad Library of Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) and Hamzah Sendut Library of Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). The study revealed and found that indeed the First World War had a negative impact on the political, economic and social sectors in FMS duringthis war. In fact, it also showed that the British managed to address the issues and problems that occurred through the cooperation of all parties in the FMS.

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39

Slobodianiuk, Mykhailo. "Ukraine in Geopolitics of Leading States during World War I (1914—1918)." Ukrainian Studies, no. 2(71) (July 23, 2019): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.30840/2413-7065.2(71).2019.170672.

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40

Gillis, Stacy. "Women’s Poetry and the First World War (1914–1918) by Argha Banerjee." Modernism/modernity 22, no. 1 (2015): 210–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mod.2015.0014.

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41

Stapleton, Tim. "Views of the First World War in Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) 1914–1918." War & Society 20, no. 1 (May 2002): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/072924702791201953.

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42

Shalamov, V. A. "HEALTHCARE OF VERKHNEUDINSK (ULAN-UDE) DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR (1914–1918)." Bulletin of the Buryat Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, no. 1 (2020): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31554/2222-9175-2020-37-37-48.

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43

Carlson, A. R. "Book Review: The First World War. Germany and Austria-Hungary 1914-1918." German History 16, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 453–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635549801600327.

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44

Ovčina, Ismet, and Muamera Smajić. "Dani prikupljanja uspomena iz Prvog svjetskog rata u Bosni i Hercegovini = Europeana 194-1918 / Days of Collecting Memories From the First World War in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Bosniaca 21, no. 21 (December 2016): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37083/bosn.2016.21.50.

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Nacionalna i univerzitetska biblioteka BiH pridružila se projektu Europeana 1914–1918 s ciljem obilježavanja stogodišnjice Prvog svjetskog rata. Projekat je podrazumijevao organizovanje Dana prikupljanja na koje su gra-đani BiH imali priliku donijeti priče, predmete, slike vezane za ove događaje i svojim uspomenama doprinijeti bogaćenju velikog panevropskog arhiva u svrhu očuvanja kulturno-historijskog naslijeđa. = National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina joined the project Europeana 1914–1918 with the aim of celebration of the centenary from beginning of the World War I. The project implied the organization of Collection Days at which the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina had the opportunity to bring stories, objects, images related to World War I and with their memories contribute to enrichment of large pan-European archive for the preservation of cultural heritage.

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45

Hudgins, Nicole. "Art and Death in French Photographs of Ruins, 1914-1918." Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques 42, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/hrrh.2016.420304.

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The avalanche of ruin photography in the archives, albums, publications, and propaganda of World War I France challenges us to understand what functions such images fulfilled beyond their use as visual documentation. Did wartime images of ruin continue the European tradition of ruiniste art that went back hundreds of years? Or did their violence represent a break from the past? This article explores how ruin photography of the period fits into a larger aesthetic heritage in France, and how the depiction of ruins (religious, industrial, residential, etc.) on the French side of the Western Front provided means of expressing the shock and grief resulting from the unprecedented human losses of the war. Using official and commercial photographs of the period, the article resituates ruin photography as an aesthetic response to war, a symbol of human suffering, and a repository of rage.

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R, SAFEED. "Second World War and Its Repercussions: Impetus on Poverty in Travancore." GIS Business 14, no. 3 (June 20, 2019): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v14i3.4672.

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In the first half of the twentieth century the world witnessed two deadliest wars and it directly or indirectly affected the countries all over the world. The First World War from 1914-1918 and the Second World War from 1939-1945 shooked the base of the socio-economic and political structure of the entire world. When compared to the Second World War, the First World War confined only within the boundaries of Europe and has a minimal effect on the other parts of the world. The Second World War was most destructive in nature and it changed the existing socio-economic and political setup of the world countries.

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Igoshina, Olga Yuryevna. "Human losses of the Samara Region during the World War I (1914–1918)." Samara Journal of Science 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv2021103208.

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The paper considers the problem of human losses of the Samara province during the World War I for the first time. The author uses the documents posted on the electronic portal Memory of the Heroes of the Great War of 19141918, a unique information resource that is the first official bank of original documents of the state and departmental archives of Russia about the participants and events of the World War I. Special attention in this work is paid to irretrievable human losses, as the most severe and irreparable. It is established that the archival materials contain 258,686 records of various types of losses among conscripts from the Samara province, 49,015 of them speak of the dead, those who died of wounds and missing. They accounted for 13% of the total losses of the region. It is revealed that the data bank makes it possible to detail the human damage by cities, counties, volosts of the province, the cause, date and place of death, military rank and participation in strategic operations. The author has concluded that a number of the obtained parameters are related to the specifics of accounting for human losses during the studied period, but the knowledge obtained makes it possible to assess the scale of the demographic catastrophe that shook the country and the province during the World War I.

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Hutton, Clare. "Yeats, Pound, and the Little Review, 1914-1918." International Yeats Studies 3, no. 1 (November 1, 2018): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.34068/iys.03.01.03.

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Yeats made a small but interesting set of contributions to the avant-garde US periodical the Little Review, a journal for which Ezra Pound acted as ‘Foreign Editor’ and an important locus for modernist literature. My essay explores the range of Yeats’s contributions, and Pound’s rationale for being editorially involved. It examines editorial attitudes to the First World War, particularly in 1917, and the version of ‘In Memory of Robert Gregory’ which Yeats placed in the journal. By focusing on such specific moments and small textual details, the essay close reads what Sean Latham has described as “emergence,” “a particular kind of complexity that arises not from the individual elements of a system, but only from their interaction.”

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Osman, Mugtaba, and Andrew C. Parnell. "Effect of the First World War on suicide rates in Ireland: an investigation of the 1864–1921 suicide trends." BJPsych Open 1, no. 2 (October 2015): 164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.000539.

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SummarySince the proposition of the social integration theory by émile Durkheim, macro-sociological changes have been speculated to affect suicide rates. This study investigates the effect of the First World War on Irish suicide rates. We applied an interrupted time series design of 1864–1921 annual Irish suicide rates. The 1864–1913 suicide rates exhibited a slow-rising trend with a sharp decline from the year 1914 onwards. The odds for death by suicide for males during the 1914–1918 period was 0.811 (95% CI 0.768–0.963). Irish rates of suicide were significantly reduced during the First World War, most notably for males.

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Vidojković, Dario. "Early Representations of Wartime Violence in Films, 1914–1930." Cultural History 6, no. 1 (April 2017): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cult.2017.0134.

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This article deals with the cinematic representations of warfare violence and with its aestheticization in early films. It argues, in particular, that the patterns and narrative structures of (anti-)war movies were laid out during the First World War. Among the first films establishing those patterns and rules were D.W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation, a film on the American Civil War, and Hearts of the World, showing the war on the western front, produced in 1918. Films such as these offered the main elements that would mark, henceforth, how anti-war movies would portray violence. With the up-coming of sound, moviegoers would be able not only to see, but also to hear what a war sounded like. Lewis Milestone's All Quiet on the Western Front (1930), one of the first sound films, exposed the audiences to a series of (calculated) audio/visual distortions, including explosions, screams, and the monotone sound of machinegun fire.

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