Relevant bibliographies by topics / World System Theory

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'World System Theory'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "World System Theory"

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Bergesen, Albert, and Christopher Chase-Dunn. "World System Theory." Contemporary Sociology 20, no. 3 (May 1991): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2073668.

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Hugill, Peter J. "World-system theory: where's the theory?" Journal of Historical Geography 23, no. 3 (July 1997): 344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhge.1997.0058.

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Pieterse, Jan Nederveen. "A CRITIQUE OF WORLD SYSTEM THEORY." International Sociology 3, no. 3 (September 1988): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026858088003003004.

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EjioforOnyishi, Augustine, and Chukwunonso Valentine Amoke. "A Critique of Immanuel Wallenstein’s World System Theory in The Modern World System." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 21, no. 08 (August 2016): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-2108100106.

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Bergesen, Albert. "Turning World-System Theory on its Head." Theory, Culture & Society 7, no. 2-3 (June 1990): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026327690007002006.

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Hornborg, Alf. "The World-System and the Earth System." Journal of World-Systems Research 26, no. 2 (August 19, 2020): 184–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2020.989.

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Efforts to conceptualize the role of asymmetric resource transfers in the capitalist world-system have been constrained by the emphasis on surplus value and the labor theory of value in Marxist thought. A coherent theory of ecologically unequal exchange must focus on asymmetric flows of biophysical resources such as embodied labor, land, energy, and materials. To conceptualize these flows in terms of “underpaid costs” or “surplus value” is to suggest that the metabolism of the world-system can be accounted for using a monetary metric. This paper rejects both labor and energy theories of value in favor of the observation that market pricing tends to lead to asymmetric resource flows. The Marxist labor theory of value is an economic argument, rather than a physical one. In acknowledging this we may transcend the recent debate within ecological Marxism about whether “nature” and “society” are valid categories. Nature and society are ontologically entwined, as in the undertheorized phenomenon of modern technology, but should be kept analytically distinct. Since the Industrial Revolution, technological progress has been contingent on the societal ratios by which biophysical resources are exchanged on the world market. The failure among Marxist and world-system theorists to properly account for this central aspect of capitalist accumulation can be traced to the pervasive assumption that market commodities have objective values that may exceed their price. Instead of arguing with mainstream economists about whether market assessments of value are justified, it is more analytically robust to observe that market valuation is destroying the biosphere.
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Emily Apter. "Untranslatables: A World System." New Literary History 39, no. 3-4 (2009): 581–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nlh.0.0055.

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Hunter, Herbert M. "The World-System Theory of Oliver C. Cox." Monthly Review 37, no. 5 (October 5, 1985): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-037-05-1985-09_5.

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Popkov, V. V. "WORLD-SYSTEM WALLERSEIN THEORY AND THE FATE OF A SYSTEM ALTERNATIVE." Scientific Knowledge: Methodology and Technology, no. 1 (2020): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/sk1561-1264/2020-1-6.

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Кутуєв, П. В. "Andre Gunder Frank: from dependency theory to the theory of world system." National Technical University of Ukraine Journal. Political science. Sociology. Law, no. 3(43) (June 24, 2019): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2308-5053.2019.3(43).194964.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "World System Theory"

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Tusalem, Rollin F. "Reformulating world-system theory : third world participation in the world polity as an attempt to combat global inequality." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1260631.

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The end of bi-polarity in the world stage ushered in a period of hegemonic power decline and the sudden emergence of peripheral empowerment. This research undertaking attempts to reformulate World System theory, an antiquated theoretical perspective based on the periphery's economic dependence on core nation-states and the resultant exploitative relationship that occurs. Current events indicate that there are multiple demands of redress and restitution made by emancipated peripheral states. Such demands are increasingly addressed and heeded to in world conferences and various international organizations since 1989 and will be measured as absolute gains. A drastic change is also observed in the structure and function of both international governmental organizations (IGOs) and international-non governmental organizations (1NGOs) from being corecentric institutional bodies to supranational, authoritative entities which now have the capacity to promote rational progress through third world advocacy. Such changes are attributed both to the multi-polarity of the world stage and the cultural construction of rational progress. The new reformulation will discover that world- level socialism is not attainable. Rather, the only solution to weaken global stratification is the continued participation of peripheral states in worlBall State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306
Department of Political Science
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Kilembe, Busekese. "RE-VISIONING MARXISM IN WORLD POLITICS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF WALLERSTEIN’S WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22652.

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This thesis purports to critically analyze Wallerstien’s world-systems theory, to test its strengths and weaknesses and establish its reliability as a world politics theory, thereby reviving Marxism in general. The study employs a qualitative research method to go deep into the underlying logic of the theory.In an endeavor to tackle the matter at hand, five criteria of analysis are employed to examine the merits and demerits in specific areas of the theory. This involves looking at the structure of the theory, the period of the emergence of capitalism, the unit of analysis, the coherence of the arguments and processes of the theory and the reliability of the world-systems theory in contemporary world politics. The main conclusion of the study is that the world-systems theory is reliable when used to explain three themes in world politics. These are global inequality, dependency and sovereignty.
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Piccinini, Nicola. "Interacting complex systems: theory and application to real-world situations." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011847/.

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The interest in complex systems has increased exponentially during the past years because it was found helpful in addressing many of today's challenges. The study of the brain, biology, earthquakes, markets and social sciences are only a few examples of the fields that have benefited from the investigation of complex systems. Internet, the increased mobility of people and the raising energy demand are among the factors that brought in contact complex systems that were isolated till a few years ago. A theory for the interaction between complex systems is becoming more and more urgent to help mankind in this transition. The present work builds upon the most recent results in this field by solving a theoretical problem that prevented previous work to be applied to important complex systems, like the brain. It also shows preliminary laboratory results of perturbation of in vitro neural networks that were done to test the theory. Finally, it gives a preview of the studies that are being done to create a theory that is even closer to the interaction between real complex systems.
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Cook, Paul Richard. "Return to the motherland: Russian migrants in hockey's changing world system." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28360.

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Since 2000, Russian players are increasingly absent from the National Hockey League. This project explores the relationship between changes in the political economy of Russian hockey and the factors that shape the migratory decisions of Russian players. In using Wallerstein's World Systems Theory, it is argued that specific events relating to a nation's place within an economic and/or cultural relationship can significantly alter patterns of migration. Russia's newfound economic strength and confidence on the world stage is evident in the support for the country's new Kontinental Hockey League. The resulting changes in the political economy of Russian hockey, coupled with the restrictive nature of the National Hockey League's salary cap have led to a tremendous decrease in the number of Russian players in the NHL.
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Reis, Maurício Duarte Luís. "On theory multiple contraction." Doctoral thesis, Universidade da Madeira, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/255.

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The one which is considered the standard model of theory change was presented in [AGM85] and is known as the AGM model. In particular, that paper introduced the class of partial meet contractions. In subsequent works several alternative constructive models for that same class of functions were presented, e.g.: safe/kernel contractions ([AM85, Han94]), system of spheres-based contractions ([Gro88]) and epistemic entrenchment-based contractions ([G ar88, GM88]). Besides, several generalizations of such model were investigated. In that regard we emphasise the presentation of models which accounted for contractions by sets of sentences rather than only by a single sentence, i.e. multiple contractions. However, until now, only two of the above mentioned models have been generalized in the sense of addressing the case of contractions by sets of sentences: The partial meet multiple contractions were presented in [Han89, FH94], while the kernel multiple contractions were introduced in [FSS03]. In this thesis we propose two new constructive models of multiple contraction functions, namely the system of spheres-based and the epistemic entrenchment-based multiple contractions which generalize the models of system of spheres-based and of epistemic entrenchment-based contractions, respectively, to the case of contractions (of theories) by sets of sentences. Furthermore, analogously to what is the case in what concerns the corresponding classes of contraction functions by one single sentence, those two classes are identical and constitute a subclass of the class of partial meet multiple contractions. Additionally, and as the rst step of the procedure that is here followed to obtain an adequate de nition for the system of spheres-based multiple contractions, we present a possible worlds semantics for the partial meet multiple contractions analogous to the one proposed in [Gro88] for the partial meet contractions (by one single sentence). Finally, we present yet an axiomatic characterization for the new class(es) of multiple contraction functions that are here introduced.
Eduardo Fermé
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Kocak, Yunus Emre. "Power And Decline In The British And American Hegemonies: A Wallersteinian Analysis." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607960/index.pdf.

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The concept of hegemony has been an important subject in the 1970s as the US hegemonic position has entered into a decline period. This study aims to underline that the ongoing decline of US hegemony shares substantial analogies with the decline of British hegemony in the late 19th century. As the hegemonic economy enters into contraction period, it starts to experience financial expansion. Today, the US hegemony is in the midst of such an orientation toward the financialization. The study analyzes the historical changes within both hegemonic cases by direct references to the world-system theory and construct a comparative perspective in production, commerce and finance domains respectively to support these arguments.
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Mainville, Sebastien. "The International System and Its Environment: Modern Evolutionary, Physiological and Developmental Perspectives on Change in World Politics." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1468866930.

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Slusser, Suzanne R. "Gender Empowerment and Gender Inequality, the Global Economy and the State: Exploring the Relationship Between Economic Dependency, the Political Order, and Women’s Status." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1240510508.

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Bergquist, Daniel A. "Colonised Coasts : Aquaculture and Emergy Flows in the World System: Cases from Sri Lanka and the Philippines." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Department of Social and Economic Geography, Uppsala University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8412.

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De, Ines Anton Tamara. "Translating Central American life writing for the Anglophone market : a socio-narrative study of women's agency and political radicalism in the original and translated works of Claribel Alegría, Gioconda Belli and Rigoberta Menchú." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/translating-central-american-life-writing-for-the-anglophone-market-a-socionarrative-study-of-womenas-agency-and-political-radicalism-in-the-original-and-translated-works-of-claribel-alegraa-gioconda-belli-and-rigoberta-mencha(9cab9568-fd8d-4107-9cf8-e09990d75c52).html.

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At a time when scholars have rekindled the old debate about what is world literature and how can one study it (Casanova, 2004; Moretti, 2000, 2003; Damrosch, 2003, 2009), this thesis analyses the canonisation of Central American Revolutionary women's writing as it moves toward the 'centre' and becomes part of the world literary canon. Drawing on a core-periphery systemic model, this thesis examines how translation for the Anglophone market involves the marginalisation at various levels of the narratives of political radicalism and the erotic that feature in the life writing works of Gioconda Belli, Claribel Alegría and Rigoberta Menchú. The dataset chosen for this study consists of the Spanish originals and English translations of La mujer habitada (1988) and El país bajo mi piel (2001) by Belli; No me agarran viva (1983) and Luisa en el país de la realidad (1987) by Alegría, in collaboration with her husband Darwin J. Flakoll; and Me llamo Rigoberta Menchú (1983) and Rigoberta: La nieta de los mayas (1998) by Menchú. To develop this core-periphery systemic model, I have drawn on the work of scholars in the field of the sociology of translation such as Pascale Casanova (2004), Johan Heilbron (1999, 2010) and Gisèle Sapiro (2008). In the context of the study, peripheralisation has been reconceptualised to assist in locating the texts included in the dataset within a hierarchical power structure (external level of peripheralisation); and identifying the shifts that arise during the translation and circulation of the ontological and public narratives underpinning such texts (internal level of peripheralisation). The study of the internal level of peripheralisation will draw on narrative theory, as elaborated by Margaret Somers and Gloria Gibson (1994), Somers (1997) and Mona Baker (2006). The choice of narrative theory employed in the thesis aims to foreground the impact that translation and the publishing field have on the selection and consecration of a literary genre; facilitate the comparison between the texts and paratexts of the originals and their English translations, and disclose the mechanisms through which the agency of the woman/author is neutralised, and the narratives of sexuality, body, political radicalism and feminine subjectivity are constructed in the original and reinterpreted through translation. This comparative (para)textual analysis questions the nature of the process by which peripheral texts have accessed the Western canon. In light of the findings, the thesis advocates the need to redefine the concept of canonisation in order to acknowledge a possible conflict between the new assumed centrality of the consecrated/translated text and the layers of peripheralisation that might still be constraining the original narratives. Secondly, these findings draw attention to a gap in world literatures scholarship. By assuming the autonomy of literature as an artistic form, world literature scholars might be in danger of obscuring the potential for manipulation inherent in translation practice, particularly in spaces favouring domesticating approaches to translation. Thirdly, this work aims to serve as a reminder to scholars and activists not to overlook the impact of literary translation on the circulation of theories and narratives, particularly in the case of highly canonical texts such as that of Rigoberta Menchú (1984).
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Books on the topic "World System Theory"

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The world as a total system. Beverly Hills, Calif: Sage Publications, 1985.

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Routledge handbook of world-systems analysis: Theory and research. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2012.

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el-Ojeili, Chamsy. Politics, Social Theory, Utopia and the World-System. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230367210.

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Taylor, Alastair MacDonald. Toward a new world order: A systems approach to political geography. Kingston, Ont: Kashtan Press, 1999.

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Choudhury, Masudul Alam. Socio-cybernetic study of God and the world-system. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference, an imprint of IGI Global, 2014.

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World as lover, world as self. Berkeley, Calif: Parallax Press, 1991.

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Leveson, Nancy. Engineering a safer world: Systems thinking applied to safety. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2011.

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Engineering a safer world: Systems thinking applied to safety. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2011.

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The South China silk district: Local historical transformation and world-system theory. Albany, N.Y: State University of New York Press, 1986.

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Politics, social theory, utopia and the world-system: Arguments in political sociology. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "World System Theory"

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McDonald, Brian. "Trade Theory." In The World Trading System, 18–22. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230379701_2.

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Amin, Samir. "Russia in the World System: Geography or History?" In Theory is History, 107–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03816-2_7.

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Chew, Sing C., and Pat Lauderdale. "A Plea for World System History." In Theory and Methodology of World Development, 125–49. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230108509_5.

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Dọmingues, José Maurício. "Life-World and System in Habermas’ Historical Materialism." In Sociological Theory and Collective Subjectivity, 39–57. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230376342_3.

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Elliott, Anthony, and Charles Lemert. "Social movements, states and the modern world-system." In Introduction to Contemporary Social Theory, 385–401. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429436208-14.

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Chew, Sing C., and Pat Lauderdale. "The 5,000-Year World System: An Interdisciplinary Introduction." In Theory and Methodology of World Development, 155–207. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230108509_6.

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Chew, Sing C., and Pat Lauderdale. "A Structural Theory of the 5,000-Year World System." In Theory and Methodology of World Development, 97–123. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230108509_4.

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Chew, Sing C., and Pat Lauderdale. "The World Economic System in Asia before European Hegemony." In Theory and Methodology of World Development, 209–24. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230108509_7.

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Robertson, Roland. "Social Theory, Cultural Relativity and the Problem of Globality." In Culture, Globalization and the World-System, 69–90. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11902-8_4.

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Rockoff, Hugh. "Walter Bagehot and the Theory of Central Banking." In Financial Crises and the World Banking System, 160–89. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-06788-6_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "World System Theory"

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Mouhib, Nora, Slimane Bah, and Abdelaziz Berrado. "The Viable System Ontology Theory." In 2019 4th World Conference on Complex Systems (WCCS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icocs.2019.8930715.

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Jianxi Yang and Jinqiu Shu. "Complexity theory analysis of bridge structure system." In 2016 World Automation Congress (WAC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wac.2016.7583039.

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Lin, Feng, Fei Wang, Changan Chen, and Cangeng Tang. "Control of Robots Using Discrete Event System Theory." In WCX World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-1391.

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Shi, Jiangchao, Jian Wu, Bing Zhu, Jing Li, Yang Zhao, Weiwen Deng, and Rui He. "Design of Automatic Parallel Parking System Based on Multi-Point Preview Theory." In WCX World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0604.

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Korivi, Naga S., and Li Jiang. "A Generic Chip-to-World Fluidic Interconnect System for Microfluidic Devices." In 2007 Thirty-Ninth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssst.2007.352343.

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Bai Kaixiang, Cheng Yin, Liu Qin, and Gao Ming. "Utilization of DLT Theory in 2D Image Analysis System." In 2010 Second World Congress on Software Engineering (WCSE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcse.2010.108.

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Parish, Julie, Allen Parish, Michael Swanzy, Drew Woodbury, Daniele Mortari, and John Junkins. "Stellar Positioning System Part I: Applying Ancient Theory to a Modern World." In AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-6754.

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Hu, Jiaqi. "Research on World Economic System Evolution Theory and Application under Symmetry Perspective." In 2015 International Conference on Economy, Management and Education Technology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemet-15.2015.36.

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Mei, Qin, Fang Xu, Hong Chen, Zongli Li, and Yunfeng Hu. "Fast model predictive control based on multiscale system theory." In 2016 12th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (WCICA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2016.7578600.

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Lele, Zhang. "Applied Research on World System Theory Taking the Sino-Japanese Relationship After World War II as an Example." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Economics, Management, Law and Education (EMLE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emle-18.2018.50.

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Reports on the topic "World System Theory"

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Hayes, Anne M. Assessment as a Service Not a Place: Transitioning Assessment Centers to School-Based Identification Systems. RTI Press, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.op.0064.2004.

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The World Health Organization and World Bank (2011) estimate that there are more than 1 billion people with disabilities in the world. To address this population’s diverse needs, the United Nations drafted their Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in 2006. Article 24 (Education) of the CRPD requires ratifying countries to develop an inclusive education system to address the educational needs of students with disabilities alongside their peers without disabilities. Despite substantive improvements and movement toward inclusive education, many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) continue to struggle with accurately identifying and supporting students with disabilities, including knowing how to effectively screen, evaluate, and qualify students for additional services (Hayes, Dombrowski, Shefcyk, & Bulat, 2018a). These challenges stem from the lack of policies, practices, and qualified staff related to screening and identification. As a result, many students with less-apparent disabilities—such as children with learning disabilities—remain unidentified and do not receive the academic supports they need to succeed in school (Friend & Bursuck, 2012). This guide attempts to address the lack of appropriate, useful disability screening and identification systems and services as countries look to educate all students in inclusive settings. Specifically, this guide introduces viable options for screening and identification related to vision, hearing, and learning disabilities in inclusive classrooms in LMICs. It also provides guidance on how LMICs can transition from an assessment-center model toward a school-based identification model that better serves an inclusive education system.
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Olwande, John, Miltone Ayieko, John Mukundi, and Nicholas Odhiambo. A Multi-Phase Assessment of the Effects of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Kenya. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.037.

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Kenya confirmed its first case of COVID-19 on 12 March 2020. Like many governments across the world, the Kenyan government implemented various measures aimed at slowing down local spread of the virus and cushioning the population against the negative economic effects of the pandemic and the associated policy restrictions. International organisations and researchers postulated that the measures would negatively affect economic activities and livelihoods, with undesirable implications for poverty and food insecurity. Particularly vulnerable would be populations in developing countries such as Kenya, where many people depend on food systems for their livelihoods, and the majority of those are smallholder farmers who often have low economic power. The objective of this rapid assessment was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the food system and the sub-set of the population largely dependent on agriculture in Kenya to inform actions that can assure protection of rural livelihoods and continued access to adequate and affordable food of acceptable quality to the population. This report presents results of that rapid assessment.
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Sandford, Robert, Vladimir Smakhtin, Colin Mayfield, Hamid Mehmood, John Pomeroy, Chris Debeer, Phani Adapa, et al. Canada in the Global Water World: Analysis of Capabilities. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/vsgg2030.

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This report critically examines, for the first time, the capacity of Canada’s water sector with respect to meeting and helping other countries meet the water-related targets of the UN’s global sustainable development agenda. Several components of this capacity are examined, including water education and research, investment in water projects that Canada makes internally and externally, and experiences in water technology and governance. Analysis of the water education system suggests that there is a broad capability in institutions of higher learning in Canada to offer training in the diverse subject areas important in water. In most cases, however, this has not led to the establishment of specific water study programmes. Only a few universities provide integrated water education. There is a need for a comprehensive listing of water-related educational activities in universities and colleges — a useful resource for potential students and employers. A review of recent Canadian water research directions and highlights reveals strong and diverse water research capacity and placed the country among global leaders in this field. Canada appears to be within the top 10 countries in terms of water research productivity (publications) and research impact (citations). Research capacity has been traditionally strong in the restoration and protection of the lakes, prediction of changes in climate, water and cryosphere (areas where water is in solid forms such as ice and snow), prediction and management of floods and droughts. There is also a range of other strong water research directions. Canada is not among the top 10 global water aid donors in absolute dollar numbers; the forerunners are, as a rule, the countries with higher GDP per capita. Canadian investments in Africa water development were consistently higher over the years than investments in other regions of the global South. The contributions dropped significantly in recent years overall, also with a decline in aid flow to Africa. Given government support for the right business model and access to resources, there is significant capacity within the Canadian water sector to deliver water technology projects with effective sustainable outcomes for the developing world. The report recommends several potential avenues to elevate Canada’s role on the global water stage, i.e. innovative, diverse and specific approaches such as developing a national inventory of available water professional capacity, and ranking Universities on the strength of their water programmes coordinating national contributions to global sustainability processes around the largest ever university-led water research programme in the world – the 7-year Global Water Futures program targeting specific developmental or regional challenges through overseas development aid to achieve quick wins that may require only modest investments resolving such chronic internal water challenges as water supply and sanitation of First Nations, and illustrating how this can be achieved within a limited period with good will strengthening and expanding links with UN-Water and other UN organisations involved in global water policy work To improve water management at home, and to promote water Canadian competence abroad, the diverse efforts of the country’s water sector need better coordination. There is a significant role for government at all levels, but especially federally, in this process.
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Arango-Arango, Carlos A., Ana Carolina Ramirez-Pineda, and Manuela Restrepo-Bernal. Person-to-business Instant payments in Colombia: would it stick? Banco de la República, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1192.

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More than 60 countries in the world have already implemented instant payment systems (IPS). However, in many cases they have been operational mainly for person-to-person transactions. This study looks at the challenges IPS may face in developing economies like Colombia as they advance further into the person-to-business transactions space. Using a survey on Colombian merchants (IV-2020), the study explores the factors associated with merchants´ propensity to adopt instant payments and those associated with the adoption of current electronic payment alternatives. It shows that IPS will need to have a broad strategy to penetrate the person-to-business space, as they will have to compete with the low marginal costs and immediacy that cash already offers and the high levels of informality in the commerce sector, especially for micro businesses. Furthermore, IPS will have to meet the high expectations merchants have about instant payments enabling access to other financial services, enhancing their competitiveness, and increasing their bottom line.
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Oltarzhevskyi, Dmytro. HISTORICAL FEATURES OF CORPORATE MEDIA FORMATION IN UKRAINE AND IN THE WORLD. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11067.

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The article examines the world and Ukrainian history of corporate periodicals. The main purpose of this study is to reproduce an objective global picture of the emergence and formation of corporate periodicals, taking into account the business and socio-economic context. Accordingly, its tasks are to compare the conditions and features of corporate media genesis in different countries, to determine the main factors of their development, as well as to clarify the transformations of the terminological apparatus. The research is based on mostly foreign secondary scientific works published from 1915 to the present time. The literature was studied using methods such as overview, historical, functional and thematic analysis, description, and generalization. A systematic approach was used to determine the role and place of each element in the system, as well as to comprehensively consider the object in the general historical context and within the current scientific discourse. The method of systematization made it possible to establish internal and external connections, patterns and contradictions in the development of the object of study. The main historical milestones on this path are identified, examples of the first successful corporate publications and their contribution to business development, public relations, and corporate communications are considered. It was found that corporate media emerged in the mid-nineteenth century spontaneously, on the wave of practical business needs in response to industrialization, company increase, staff growth, and consumer market development. Their appearance preceded the formation of the public relations industry and changed the structure of the information space. The scientific significance of this research is that the historical look at the evolution of corporate media provides an understanding of their place, influence, capabilities, and growing communicative role in the digital age.
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Collington, Rosie, and William Lazonick. Pricing for Medicine Innovation: A Regulatory Approach to Support Drug Development and Patient Access. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp176.

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The United States represents the world’s largest market for pharmaceutical drugs. It is also the only advanced economy in the world that does not regulate drug prices. There is no upper threshold for the prices of medicines in the United States. List prices are instead set by manufacturers in negotiation with supply-chain intermediaries, though some federal programs have degrees of discretion in price determinations. In practice, this deregulated system means that drug prices in the United States are generally far higher than in other advanced economies, adversely affecting patient accessibility and system affordability. In this paper, we draw on the “theory of innovative enterprise” to develop a framework that provides both a critique of the existing pricing system in the United States and a foundation for developing a new model of pricing regulation to support safety and effectiveness through drug development as well as accessibility and affordability in the distribution of approved medicines to patients. We introduce a regulatory approach we term “Pricing for Medicine Innovation” (PMI), which departs dramatically from the market-equilibrium assumptions of conventional (neoclassical) economics. The PMI approach recognizes the centrality of collective investments by government agencies and business firms in the productive capabilities that underpin the drug development process. PMI specifies the conditions under which, at the firm level, drug pricing can support both sustained investment in these capabilities and improved patient access. PMI can advance both of these objectives simultaneously by regulating not just the level of corporate profit but also its allocation to reinvestment in the drug development process. PMI suggests that although price caps are likely to improve drug affordability, there remain two potential issues with this pricing approach. Firstly, in an innovation system where a company’s sales revenue is the source of its finance for further drug development, price caps may deprive a firm of the means to invest in innovation. Secondly, even with adequate profits available for investment in innovation, a firm that is run to maximize shareholder value will tend to use those profits to fund distributions to shareholders rather than for investment in drug innovation. We argue that, if implemented properly, PMI could both improve the affordability of medicines and enhance the innovative performance of pharmaceutical companies.
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Archer, Diane, and Charrlotte Adelina. Labour, waste and the circular economy in Bangkok. Stockholm Environment Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.018.

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Without the informal economy, there would be no waste recycling in most Asian cities. In many Asian countries, waste management systems are underdeveloped, with the informal economy dominating the processes of waste collection, sorting and recycling. In this short report, we present preliminary findings from our survey of 34 waste pickers in Bangkok. The report sheds light on their working conditions, health risks, gendered dimensions and the challenges they face in waste recycling.
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Seery, Emma, Anna Marriott, Katie Malouf Bous, and Rebecca Shadwick. From Catastrophe to Catalyst: Can the World Bank make COVID-19 a turning point for building universal and fair public healthcare systems? Oxfam, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6928.

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COVID-19 has exposed the widespread failure to invest in strong and universal public health systems, putting millions of lives at risk and dramatically widening health inequalities. Oxfam analysed the World Bank’s emergency health funding to 71 countries in response to the pandemic. While its response has been rapid and significant, Oxfam finds that the World Bank has missed vital opportunities to strengthen public health systems so they can tackle COVID-19 and deliver health for all in the future. The research outlined in this briefing finds that 89% of World Bank projects do not plan to support any action to remove financial barriers, including user fees, that exclude millions from life-saving care; and two-thirds lack any plans to increase the number of healthcare workers. An urgent course correction is needed to help countries effectively fight the pandemic and build fairer, more resilient universal healthcare systems.
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Occhiali, Giovanni, and Fredrick Kalyango. Can Tax Agents Support Tax Compliance in Low-Income Countries? A Review of the Literature and some Preliminary Evidence from Uganda. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.018.

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Since the late 1970s, many countries have based their tax systems on self-assessment – taxpayers are expected to evaluate their liabilities autonomously, and voluntarily remit their tax due. If the tax system is perceived as fair and easy to navigate, with credible threat of penalisation for non-compliance, self-assessment reduces the cost of tax administration without significant revenue losses (Barr et al. 1977; Teviotdale and Thompson 1999; James and Alley 2004). On the other hand, self-assessment entails an increase in compliance costs for taxpayers, at the very least in terms of time spent complying with their obligations. However, none of the conditions mentioned above – fairness, simplicity and credibility – is easy to meet. Hence, initial moves towards self-assessment were met in many countries with an increased focus on what type of deterrence measures would increase taxpayer compliance (Forest and Sheffrin 2002), following the prevalent theoretical approach of the time (Allingham and Sandmo 1972). By the late 1990s, the focus was shifting to the perceived fairness and complexity of the tax system, increasingly seen as both a direct and indirect obstacle to compliance (Slemrod and Venkatesh 2002; Forest and Sheffrin 2002; Eichfelder and Schorn 2012). Intuitively, a taxpayer who does not understand their tax obligations has a hard time complying with them, and might well decide not to try at all – especially if penalisation is seen as unlikely.
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Lehtimaki, Susanna, Aisling Reidy, Kassim Nishtar, Sara Darehschori, Andrew Painter, and Nina Schwalbe. Independent Review and Investigation Mechanisms to Prevent Future Pandemics: A Proposed Way Forward. United Nations University International Institute for Global Health, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/rr/2021/1.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has created enormous challenges for national economies, livelihoods, and public services, including health systems. In January 2021, the World Health Organization proposed an international treaty on pandemics to strengthen the political commitment towards global pandemic preparedness, control, and response. The plan is to present a draft treaty to the World Health Assembly in May 2021. To inform the design of a support system for this treaty, we explored existing mechanisms for periodic reviews conducted either by peers or an external group as well as mechanisms for in-country investigations, conducted with or without country consent. Based on our review, we summarized key design principles requisite for review and investigation mechanisms and explain how these could be applied to pandemics preparedness, control, and response in global health. While there is no single global mechanism that could serve as a model in its own right, there is potential to combine aspects of existing mechanisms. A Universal Periodic Review design based on the model of human rights treaties with independent experts as the authorized monitoring body, if made obligatory, could support compliance with a new pandemic treaty. In terms of on-site investigations, the model by the Committee on Prevention of Torture could lend itself to treaty monitoring and outbreak investigations on short notice or unannounced. These mechanisms need to be put in place in accordance with several core interlinked design principles: compliance; accountability; independence; transparency and data sharing; speed; emphasis on capabilities; and incentives. The World Health Organization can incentivize and complement these efforts. It has an essential role in providing countries with technical support and tools to strengthen emergency preparedness and response capacities, including technical support for creating surveillance structures, integrating non-traditional data sources, creating data governance and data sharing standards, and conducting regular monitoring and assessment of preparedness and response capacities.
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