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1
Ratele, K. "The Interior Life of Mtutu: Psychological Fact or Fiction?" South African Journal of Psychology 35, no. 3 (September 2005): 555–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124630503500310.
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This article seeks to understand the routes to, and pasts, possibilities and forms of, the interior world of the African or black person in its relations to the politics and economy of superiority and separation. The world that is explored is primarily sexual, and therefore, incorporates embodied life, but of necessity widens to include affective, cognitive, and purposeful aspects. In the face of the scarcity of scholarly psychological literature in the area of the intimate lives of black individuals, particularly when seen against the backcloth of colonial and apartheid arrangements, the article begins by arguing for the importance of turning to other, imaginative, sources for help in trying to comprehend African interiors. It then turns to meanings of intimacy on which interiority is indexed, going on to discuss the notion in relation to the social, political and economic history of South Africa, while taking in the notion of soul along the way. Next, the interest of colonial and apartheid regimes in intimacy is traced, showing that this interest stretched beyond interpersonal relations to the very calculus of discrimination and domination. The article concludes by urging African scholars to take black inner life a little more seriously and without abandoning creativity, still locating such efforts within radical and ethical theoretical frameworks.
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Evgenyeva, T. V. "“The Unknown Land”: the Image of Africa in the Minds of Modern Russians." Humanities and Social Sciences. Bulletin of the Financial University 10, no. 3 (November 2, 2020): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2226-7867-2020-10-3-15-19.
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Over the past few years, the multi-vector nature of Russian politics, declared as an alternative to a unipolar world, has taken on a more specific dimension. In the political discourse, the images of allies and friends “forgotten” in the 90s are actualized. However, these countries and related events are very weakly reflected in the minds of ordinary Russian citizens. To a certain extent, this situation can be explained by the lack of any systematic information about this region in the Russian media. In this regard, a more detailed study of the image of Africa as a whole and individual countries seems relevant both from a theoretical and an applied political point of view. It is so since today; there is a need to provide the task of expanding the space of interaction between Russia and these countries with adequate information policy. In this context, the study aimed to identify and analyze the main factors of formation and the specifics of the figurative and symbolic representation of the image of Africa and individual African countries, their place in world politics as a whole and relations with Russia in the minds of Russian citizens. The theoretical basis of the study was the political and psychological approach to the study of political ideas of citizens, developed at the Department of Sociology and Psychology of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University. This approach involves not only rational but also unconscious aspects of the perception process. This approach requires the use of a combination of qualitative political and psychological methods that make it possible to identify images and associations that are not fully understood by the respondent.
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Aleshchenko, V. "Psychological aspects of the information war." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences, no. 2(50) (2022): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2022.50.27-31.
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The article has analyzed views of domestic and foreign authors on the essence and content of the concepts of "information warfare", "psychological war" and "information-psychological war" as components of a hybrid war. Within the psychological paradigm, information warfare is understood as the latent impact of information on individual, group and mass consciousness through methods of propaganda, misinformation, manipulation to form new views on the socio-political organization of society through changes in values and basic attitudes. The concept of "world psychological warfare", various theoretical approaches, tools of information and theoretical approach are considered. The tools of the information warfare against Ukraine are propaganda; manipulation; attempts to change public opinion; psychological and psychotropic pressure; spreading rumors, blocking TV and radio broadcasts; removal of Ukrainian channels in the occupied territories; disinformation and distribution of fake news; distribution of fake information. The defining features of the concepts of "information warfare" and "psychological war" are that information warfare is conducted mostly in cyberspace, while psychological – in social space. The organizational differences of the information influence of the Russian Federation in the basic training of law enforcement specialists are investigated. The main directions of work, forms of information warfare activities which were carried out by the Russian party are characterized. The main psychological challenges of modern information wars are shown. The psychological challenges caused by the war are identified, which are conditionally divided into the following four groups: challenges to Ukrainians as a community; challenges to the mental health of the individual; challenges to psychological well-being; challenges to Ukrainian psychologists as a professional community. In the course of the study, recommendations for confrontation in the information warfare were formed. The main necessary measures to counteract the information aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine are suggested.
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Vinogradov, M. V., and O. A. Ulyanina. "Psychological aspects of information impact on employees of internal affairs Officers." Psychology and Law 10, no. 1 (2020): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2020100102.
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The article analyzes the processes of intensive informatization and technologization of modern society, affecting the vector of development of the social, economic, political and military spheres of the state. In this context, the problem of informational impact on a human personality, his consciousness, mindset, spiritual and value orientations is considered. On the scale of the geopolitical interaction of the world community at the information-psychological level, this problem is revealed through the prism of describing the nature and content of the information war carried out in the interests of achieving political and military goals. Areas of informational influence on police officers are specified. In this regard, the need for the formation of information literacy of law enforcement specialists is being updated; the directions of information and psychological counteraction and protection against information attacks are highlighted. Psychological resistance, critical thinking, information security are named among the priority solutions to the highlighted issue.
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Resch, Mária, and Tamás Bella. "Political psychology." Orvosi Hetilap 154, no. 16 (April 2013): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2013.29582.
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In Hungary one can mostly find references to the psychological processes of politics in the writings of publicists, public opinion pollsters, philosophers, social psychologists, and political analysts. It would be still important if not only legal scientists focusing on political institutions or sociologist-politologists concentrating on social structures could analyse the psychological aspects of political processes; but one could also do so through the application of the methods of political psychology. The authors review the history of political psychology, its position vis-à-vis other fields of science and the essential interfaces through which this field of science, which is still to be discovered in Hungary, connects to other social sciences. As far as its methodology comprising psycho-biographical analyses, questionnaire-based queries, cognitive mapping of interviews and statements are concerned, it is identical with the psychiatric tools of medical sciences. In the next part of this paper, the focus is shifted to the essence and contents of political psychology. Group dynamics properties, voters’ attitudes, leaders’ personalities and the behavioural patterns demonstrated by them in different political situations, authoritativeness, games, and charisma are all essential components of political psychology, which mostly analyses psychological-psychiatric processes and also involves medical sciences by relying on cognitive and behavioural sciences. This paper describes political psychology, which is basically part of social sciences, still, being an interdisciplinary science, has several ties to medical sciences through psychological and psychiatric aspects. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 619–626.
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Musa, Abdu Mukhtar. "The Tribal Impact on Political Stability in Sudan." Contemporary Arab Affairs 11, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2018): 167–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/caa.2018.000010.
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As in most Arab and Third World countries, the tribal structure is an anthropological reality and a sociological particularity in Sudan. Despite development and modernity aspects in many major cities and urban areas in Sudan, the tribe and the tribal structure still maintain their status as a psychological and cultural structure that frames patterns of behavior, including the political behavior, and influence the political process. This situation has largely increased in the last three decades under the rule of the Islamic Movement in Sudan, because of the tribe politicization and the ethnicization of politics, as this research reveals. This research is based on an essential hypothesis that the politicization of tribalism is one of the main reasons for the tribal conflict escalation in Sudan. It discusses a central question: Who is responsible for the tribal conflicts in Sudan?
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Noskova, A. F. "Migration of the Germans after the second world war: Political and psychological aspects." Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics 16, no. 1-2 (March 2000): 96–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13523270008415432.
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Ikramov, D. B. "System-communication aspects of the military-sociological approach to the assessment of information and psychological security of Russian army." Communicology 10, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21453/2311-3065-2022-10-4-94-105.
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The paper is dedicated to substantiation of the starting positions for determining the theoretical and methodological foundations for the system of information and psychological protection of the Armed Forces as an object of development and military sociological analysis. This study is the first in a planned series of articles devoted to this problem, as well as the beginning of a scientific discussion about the conceptual foundations for improving the “traditional” mechanisms for ensuring the information security of the Russian army and sociological support for the implementation of this process. As a result of the analysis, the author determines the essence and functional role of the information war as an information and psychological component of the hybrid war strategy, and reveals its structural elements as a process of implementation of communicative practices by competing subjects of world politics at various levels. Based on the analysis of modern methods and mechanisms of damaging information and psychological impact, the following are determined: (1) levels (contours) of the protection system against these threats and (2) security objects corresponding to these levels, the state of which may be the subject of military sociological analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of protection measures.
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Widyaningsih, Rindha, and K. Kuntarto. "Family Suicide Bombing: A Psychological Analysis of Contemporary Terrorism." Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 26, no. 2 (December 3, 2018): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/ws.26.2.3111.
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<p>Terrorist organizations are now transforming into small cells and spreading their ideology to various parts of the world. The acts of terrorism in the Surabaya bomb case provide a new paradigm of the involvement of family members or an inner circle in their actions. The involvement of family members is considerably related to some psychological aspects. This study aims to provide a psychological analysis of suicide bombing terrors involving family members. The data obtained were analyzed using the perspective of Moghaddam’s theory, ‘staircases to terrorism’. The result indicates that the suicide bomber who has brought their family members in the action has gone through these six stages of psychological aspects: (1) Search for meaning. Actors seeking self and social meaning and finding reasons from the radical ideology adopted; (2) Presenting the ideology. The idea arises to fight those who are considered to do injustice, and the desire to change the system of government and politics is legitimate; (3) Cultivation stage. The process of ideology processing justification for resistance to those who are considered to be doing injustices; (4) Control over members. The stages of correct or wrong assessment based on the fatwa of the leader; (5) Moral engagement. The stage of identity confirmation and the process of polarization of groups of friends and opponents; (6) Recruitment, which is the stage of active involvement in acts of terrorism ranging from planning, targeting, techniques used, time and location of targets to implementing recruitment.</p>
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MONDAK, JEFFERY J., and KAREN D. HALPERIN. "A Framework for the Study of Personality and Political Behaviour." British Journal of Political Science 38, no. 2 (February 8, 2008): 335–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123408000173.
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Variance in how citizens interact with the political world constitutes one of many classes of individual difference. Understanding the antecedents of this variance is the central objective for students of political behaviour, and researchers draw on numerous factors in addressing this task. Unfortunately, one potentially vital factor, personality, has received only sporadic attention in recent decades. Neglect of personality was understandable for many years, as psychological research on personality failed to produce concise taxonomies applicable to the study of politics. As the present analysis demonstrates, however, this situation has changed. Research on personality has gained new footing with the emergence of a series of five-factor models, and these frameworks hold great potential for the study of political behaviour. This thesis is advanced in a two-part analysis. First, we outline how and why our understanding of citizen politics may be improved through application of five-factor models of personality. In doing so, we focus on the components of one specific taxonomy, the Big Five lexical model. Secondly, using three datasets, we explore the link between the Big Five personality factors and a wide array of political attitudes and behaviours. Results reveal that all facets of personality captured by the Big Five framework matter for citizen politics, and that personality effects operate on virtually all aspects of political behaviour. These findings demonstrate the insight that can emerge with further application of broad-scale models of personality.
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Baron, Beth, and Sara Pursley. "EDITORIAL FOREWORD." International Journal of Middle East Studies 43, no. 4 (November 2011): 587–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743811001188.
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The first three articles in this issue, grouped under the subtitle “Insurgency, State Formation, Counterinsurgency,” all deal with historical aspects of nationalism and state-building in the 20th century and resonate with contemporary politics in the Arab world. Starting with Egypt, Omnia El Shakry looks at how student demonstrations in 1935 and 1936 helped usher in the “figure of youth as an insurgent subject of politics.” This discourse placed youth at the vanguard of nationalist struggle and social change in Egypt “but only insofar as they could enact a non-antagonistic conception of politics grounded in national unity.” It also foreshadowed the emergence of a discourse of adolescent psychology in the 1940s, in which adolescence was “reconfigured as a psychological stage of social adjustment, sexual repression, and existential anomie.” Given the emphasis on the role of youth in the 2011 uprisings in Arab states, the article has potential theoretical implications for analyses of current events and discourse.
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HATEM, Wahiba Guiraa, and Hassiba HAFFAF. "PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH AND CORONA." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 03, no. 06 (July 1, 2021): 514–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.6-3.45.
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Covid-19 can be considered the most serious global health crisis to hit humanity since the Second World War. It has not only affected the health aspect, but also various aspects of economic, social, educational, political and even cultural life, resulting in high levels of stress and anxiety in a difficult test of our ability to adapt to the unknown. There is no doubt that the mental and psychic health of individuals has been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic and by the exceptional and unprecedented measures that restrict individual freedoms, such as quarantine, social distancing contrary to the social nature of human beings, as well as therapeutic and preventive protocols as a means of responding to the spread of the virus, which have caused and continue to cause psychological problems for individuals who do not respond positively to this crisis and who are in a fragile psychological situation. This article discusses the mental health effects of this pandemic, such as anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD and depression, highlighting the main psychological and physical symptoms that can result from the fear of inter-individual transmission and quarantine. It also discusses the best ways and strategies for coping with this pandemic, as well as the most important psychological techniques that are part of cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy, including physical techniques such as relaxation and breath control, cognitive techniques such as cognitive reconstruction, as well as emotional techniques such as mindfulness, which help to mitigate the psychological effects and build psychological immunity for an effective response to the pandemic.
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Herman, Lyudmila, and Julia Andrusyshyn. "Psychological Aspects of Security Sector Specialists Training for Information and Analytical Activity." Information Security of the Person, Society and State, no. 28-30 (December 15, 2021): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51369/2707-7276-2020-(1-3)-2.
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The article emphasizes that psychological training is a part of professional training of specialists in any sphere, but for professionals in information and analytical activities it should be an integral part, resulted in readiness for professional activity taking into account the objective and subjective factors. Achievement of the required level of national security is conditioned by the continuous receipt of reliable and complete information about various threats, the degree of their danger and possible ways of neutralizing. Given the growing demands of providing the state, public authorities and local governments leadership with a highly professional analytical product in the rapid development of information and intellectual technologies, the role of effective performance of information and analytical functions by all security institutions is growing. After all, insufficient analytical support for state authorities activities leads to the impossibility of early forecasting of state and world events, adequate consideration of favorable and destructive factors affecting the social, political and economic life of the country. Therefore, competent specialists in the field of information and analytical activities determine the quality of analytical products preparation. The publication identifies the main psychological factors of professional success of specialists in information and analytical activities, formulates the definition of their psychological competence. It suggests a set of individual psychological qualities that should be inherent in a successful analyst, which include: objectivity, independence, ability to work under the influence of stressors, ability to work in a team, reflexivity, flexibility and non-standard thinking, ability to respond adequately to criticism, ability to defend one’s opinion, ability to argue, etc.
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Vasina, I. I. "Physical culture and sport as the basis of a healthy lifestyle – social aspects." Scientific and educational basics in physical culture and sports, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.57006/2782-3245-2022-7-3-42-46.
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Relevance. The tasks of preserving the health of people are a priority all over the world. In recent years, due to political, socio-economic problems, pandemics in society, the level of psychological stress has been growing. Physical culture and sports, being key components of a healthy lifestyle (HLS), are considered as one of the most effective ways to reduce emotional fatigue, depression and feelings of fear. For a better implementation of the tasks of a healthy lifestyle, state support is needed in its popularization, the development of the social sphere, infrastructure, as well as the personal initiative of each person.
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Badrun, Badrun. "Islam and Hegemony of Local Culture." Sunan Kalijaga: International Journal of Islamic Civilization 4, no. 2 (September 30, 2021): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/skijic.v4i2.2033.
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A global world is a paradoxical world, just like a "double-edged sword". On the one hand, globalization offers a variety of ease of life. On the other hand, it carries risks that threaten the existence of human life. It also imposes a universal culture which implies a general view that the presence of culture is always inseparable from humanity and the general acceptance of values, beliefs, orientations, and institutions by mankind around the world. However, the so-called universal culture is nothing but the West because the West, with all its superiority, is most likely to claim itself as the representation of universal civilization. When civilization is fully controlled by the West, there is a psychological burden for Islam. Islam as a force that had been a superpower of the world for approximately 12 centuries might feel uncomfortable to be the underdog. This situation has made Muslims aspire to get out of colonialism and Western hegemony. There are two responses that arise: a strong desire to re-excel in all aspects such as science, technology, politics, economy, military, etc. on the one hand, and deep hatred towards the West one the other hand. It is this latter which may have spawned terrorism that is being countered by international communities, mainly Western nations.
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Malko, A. V., and V. V. Subochev. "Political and legal Manipulation as a Psychological Phenomenon and a Scientific Category." Psychology and Law 11, no. 1 (2021): 163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2021110113.
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The article attempts to justify and introduce the scientific term of "political and legal manipulation" that will make it possible to reach a new level of discussion of closely coupled psychological, political and legal means influencing the public consciousness. It is maintained that the term under discussion offers a kind of a methodological stepping stone in the research of the two most important aspects of a far-reaching process of political and legal influence on social processes: a) legal mechanisms, tools, tricks and techniques of carrying out certain political manipulations; b) the impact of political expediency on the law itself, on the processes of lawmaking, implementation and interpretation of law within nations of the world. Political and legal manipulation is viewed as a form of psychological impact on the social relations combining psychological, political and legal means. The article studies in detail the nature, essence and indicators of political and legal manipulation, its main goals and objectives, as well as the selection of tools that lends such a specific character to this kind of manipulation.
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Turner, Stuart. "30 years on: A brave new world or an unfolding disaster?" Torture Journal 32, no. 1-2 (June 13, 2022): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v32i1-2.131492.
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In this short essay, the focus is on social and political aspects of forced migration. It is argued that policies designed to restrict access to developed countries have, rather like the American “prohibition”, produced a thriving criminal market for smugglers, in this case of people. Making travel more difficult increases both their profits and the sophistication of their methods. Provision of targeted, properly controlled, support for refugees in countriesneighbouring conflict zones might help to reduce the pressure on travel to Europe and could be both more successful and more humanitarian. For those who do reach developed countries, there is scope to improve the legal decision-making process. Psychologicalinput should include scientific investigation of legal assumptions, and the provision of relevant expert literature reviews, for exampleconcerning modern knowledge of memory. Trust is the first casualty of repressive violence, and mistrust among opposition groups is probably one of the key mechanisms of its success. We need to make sure that we do not provide further grounds for this sort of reaction. Although there is no brave or new world ahead, we must continue to confront ignorance and prejudice, as we seek to avoid more humanitarian disasters. It is now just over thirty years since we published a potential framework for understanding how survivors of organised state violence react to complex and severe trauma (Turner & Gorst-Unsworth, 1990). We argued that no single psychological process underpins the reactions to this experience, and therefore, there can be no unitary torture syndrome, but rather a series of understandable psychological pathways activated to varying degrees by different experiences, leading to diversity of emotional response, with implications for recovery and treatment. We also asked family doctors about health needs of refugees (Ramsay & Turner, 1993), and it is wonderful to see how the evidence on treatment options has developed since then, especially in recent years. In this paper, looking back over the last thirty years, in celebration of the anniversary of Torture journal, I will focus on political, legal and forensic aspects of forced migration.
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Ahmad, Mumtaz. "Religion and Peace in the Middle East." American Journal of Islam and Society 6, no. 2 (December 1, 1989): 337–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v6i2.2681.
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This slim volume is based on the three papers presented at the Councilfor the World’s Religions (CWR) conference on “Interreligious Dialogue andPeace in the Middle East” held in Toledo, Spain in March 1988. The conferencewas intended to discuss the role of religion in the pursuit of peace in theMiddle East.The volume begins with a paper on “Religion and Politics: Dangers andPossibilities for Peace in the Middle East” by Rabbi David J. Goldberg.Goldberg argues that the on going Arab-Israeli conflict is essentially politicaland not religious in its origin, its cause, and in the perception of those mostintimately involved. Hence, the resolution of conflict could only come froma concerted effort to find an acceptable and mutually beneficial geo-politicalhrmula which seeks to accommodate the just demands and needs of both parties.Any attempt to seek a solution only in “apocalyptic terms” would undoubtedlylead to more conflicts and wars. Goldberg claims that religious differencesdid not originally loom large as a source of conflict in the Middle East.This may be true before 1967. But since the Israeli occupation of El-Quds,the religious dimension of the Arab-Israeli conflict has become equally, ifnot more, important than the political dimension. For Muslims throughoutthe world, the constant reminder that one of the three holiest places in theirreligious tradition is out of their reach cuts a deep psychological wound.Rabbi Goldberg believes that common to the three monotheistic faiths ofthe Middle East are “certain shared principles” that govern ethical behavior,recognize the rights of other people, and determine responsibilities ofgovernments. The logic of acknowledging and re-affirming these sharedprinciples may open new possibilities of conflict resolution and mutualunderstanding. Goldberg states: “As a Jew, therefore, I have no hesitationin asserting that the Palestinian right to self-determination is just as validas my insistence on Jewish self-determination.”Farhang Rajaee’s paper on “Religion and Politics in Islam: The IranianContext” is an important attempt to understand “the internal logic” of Islamwith regard to religion and politics or the relations between the secular andthe sacred. Rajaee argues that the aim of politics in Islam is identified withreligion. Seeing Islam as a systematic whole implies that “the distinctionand separation between various aspects of life make little sense.” Politics, ...
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Marsena, Jennifer Gracia, and Sonny Angjaya. "EXPOSING SOCIAL INEQUALITY FROM THE MENTALLY ILL REPRESENTATION IN TODD PHILLIPS’ JOKER." Lire Journal (Journal of Linguistics and Literature) 6, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/lire.v6i1.135.
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Social inequality has continuously become a problem especially towards marginalized group. Such topic is presented in Todd Phillips latest psychological thriller, Joker (2019). Whilst other researches focus on the psychological aspect of the film, this study takes on the perspective of the sociological/socio-political aspect in the film which is social inequality. In analyzing the social inequality aspect of the film, this study uses theory of structural discrimination by Link, et al. which theorizes that laws, policies, or other practices. are discriminating a marginalized group. To analyze the film itself, the writers analyzed the mise-en- scène and cinematography aspects of the film. The purpose of this study is to find if government’s policies have any involvement of impact to the life of a mentally ill person. Method used for this analysis is qualitative data research. In analyzing the film, it is found that Fleck’s life as a mentally ill and poor person is deliberately sabotaged by the discriminative policies and laws applied in Gotham city. In conclusion, this film represents Joker as more than just a Batman’s main film but rather used as a vehicle to criticize the state of social inequality in the world.
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Demchenko, Iryna, Olha Zahariichuk, Marharyta Dergach, Mariana Porodko, and Roksolyana Pryzvanska. "The psychological and pedagogical aspect of the life quality of citizens with disabilities." Revista Amazonia Investiga 11, no. 54 (August 30, 2022): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2022.54.06.32.
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Today, with the existing trends of society's humanization and democratization, there is a need to find ways to improve the life quality of people with disabilities for their full and harmonious development. Furthermore, in the current conditions of a challenging economic, social, and political world situation, it is crucial to effectively organize the process of psycho-pedagogical support for the social and psychological development of people, including children, with disabilities. Nowadays, state and public authorities all over the world try to direct their social policy and public activity toward the creation of a complex of legal, economic, psychological, educational, medical, rehabilitation, and other measures aimed at improvement of the quality of services, social adaptation and return to a full-quality life of people with disabilities. The article aims to reveal the main tendencies of scientific works in psychological and pedagogical support for the life quality of people with disabilities. Also, we should clarify practical aspects and perspectives of psychological and pedagogical support for this category of people, including, during extreme situations, martial law. Methodology. To write the article, we analyzed the works of scientists carrying out theoretical and practical research on the effectiveness of work with disabled persons. Also, we studied the results of a questionnaire poll of specialists in social services and disabled persons. Results. According to the research results, the tendencies of modern teachers and scientists studying the psychological and pedagogical support of the life quality of people with disabilities, as well as the results of the questionnaire survey on the factors influencing the success of psychological and pedagogical work to improve the life quality of persons with disabilities are traced and outlined promising work directions with these people.
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Kelemen, László, Zsolt Péter Szabó, Noémi Zsuzsanna Mészáros, János László, and Josef P. Forgas. "Social Cognition and Democracy: The Relationship Between System Justification, Just World Beliefs, Authoritarianism, Need for Closure, and Need for Cognition in Hungary." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 2, no. 1 (September 30, 2014): 197–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v2i1.208.
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This research was aimed at examining just-world beliefs, system justification, authoritarianism, and cognitive style in a nationally representative sample (N = 1000) in Hungary, and at relating these phenomena to various demographic and political variables to find out whether the findings in Hungary would differ from its Western counterparts. According to system justification theory, there is a psychological motive to defend and justify the status quo. This theory has been tested several times in North American and Western European samples. The core finding of our study was that Hungarian people, unlike people in Western democracies, did not justify the existing establishment. There was strong pessimism with regard to the idea that the system serves the interests of the people. Members of disadvantaged groups (people with low economic income and/or far right political preference) strongly rejected the system. System justification beliefs were moderately related to just world beliefs, and there was a significant relationship between some aspects of need for closure (need for order, discomfort with ambiguity, and closed-mindedness) and authoritarian beliefs. Need for cognition was only related to one aspect of need for closure: closed-mindedness. The voters of right-wing parties did not display higher levels of authoritarianism than the voters of the left social-democrat party. The role of demographic and political variables, limitations, and possible developments of this research are discussed.
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Behr, Harry Harun. "CONFIDENCE AND DOUBT JUVENILE MUSLIM LIFE-WORLDS, RELIGIOUS ORIENTATION, ISLAMIC THEOLOGY AND EDUCATION IN GERMANY." Analisa: Journal of Social Science and Religion 3, no. 02 (December 28, 2018): 149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18784/analisa.v3i02.682.
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The article is based on first findings of interdisciplinary research that is still in progress. It has to be understood as the science-based counter-speech against increasing anti-Muslim racism. Young Muslims are under surveillance of public and media attention in Germany. Islam is being debated in terms of regal and security politics and less within the signature of religion in terms of spirituality, aesthetics, life-world orientation, ethics, morale and religious life-styles. Hence, they are being transformed into a kind of ethnic tribe that needs special treatment. This comes along with the impending deployment of religious freedom as it is guaranteed by the German constitution. Especially right-wing nationalist and folkish consent has it that Muslims serve as a reason for redesigning religious politics in Germany that drifts away from the standards of human rights. The research findings presented here focus on juvenile Muslims as humans, pupils and citizens instead. It aims at a better understanding of their psychological and social framing. This plays an important role with regard to schooling in general and Islamic religious education in special. The findings are based upon the qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews. This contribution also takes theological and anthropological aspects into account. In the end preliminary recommendations for changes in the educational setting are given.
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Kharitonova, Mаria Alekseevna. "Myth and the aspects of mythological thinking in the history of European culture." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg State University of Culture, no. 3 (52) (2022): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30725/2619-0303-2022-3-128-134.
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Myth plays a significant role in the history of European culture, influencing its forming and developing. Notably, the myth appears not only as a cluster of literary subjects, but also as a particular way of world reception and thinking. Thus, often mythological subjects and archetypes constitute the basis for several types of creative works, enter psychological and philosophical theories, become parts of political and ideological discourses, mass media, commercial. However, the inner codes of the myth which constitute it as a phenomenon of consciousness, seem to be inherent to all these cultural fields as well. In this paper, several aspects of a mythological consciousness are examined, using the examples of diverse cultural phenomena within religion, philosophy, literature, and art. The investigation is based on the time from Renaissance to 2010s.
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Blinyaev, Semen N. "SOLDIERS’ UNREST DURING MOBILIZATION IN THE TERRITORY OF TATARSTAN DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR (by the documents of the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan)." Historical Search 3, no. 4 (December 25, 2022): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2022-3-4-5-16.
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The purpose of the publication is to restore the event and the ethno-psychological aspects of mobilization of 1914 in Kazan province within the territories that are currently administratively make part of the Republic of Tatarstan. The novelty of the work consists in studying the issue of soldiers’ unrest and illegal actions of other social strata of Kazan governorate during soldiers’ conscription in July 1914. Unpublished archival sources of the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan were the basis for studying the aspects of the issue of coordinating the actions of power and municipal state structures in the person of municipal government and local military leadership with various ethnic and social groups of the local population during conscription at the beginning of the First World War. The destructive component of soldiers’ unrest and riots is considered in the context of social conflict theory developed by the political analyst T. Skochpol and the concept of functional intra-ethnic conflict created by the cultural studies scholar, sociologist and ethnologist S.V. Lurie. The issues of the dynamics in the expression of deviant behavior of conscripted servicemen in Kazan, Laishevsky, Spassky and Chistopol uyezds of Kazan governorate are elucidated. Attention is paid to the social, ethnic, psychological and religious motives of the lower ranks’ riots in the region. Such an important aspect of the problem as the causes of unfavorable mobilization course within the borders of the governorate at the beginning of the war is studied. The article identifies and touches upon the issue of the main forms of social aggression in the soldier masses, the trigger of which was introduction of the “prohibition law”.
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Kaplunenko, Yaryna. "Psychological First Aid: Experience of International Organizations." Psychology and Psychosocial Interventions 3 (March 3, 2021): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2617-2348.2020.3.36-41.
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The turbulent shocks of recent decades—man-made and natural disasters, political instability, pandemics, and military conflicts—highlight the need for psychosocial support for victims. To plan and train those who can provide it, a number of guidelines have been developed at the global and national levels, within international medical organizations that can minimize the impact of the crisis and start the recovery process. The article presents the definition of the concept of Psychological First Aid (PFA), describes the key aspects, structure, time limits, and principles of activity; a description of three leading models of first psychological assistance in the context of international medical organizations: the World Health Organization (WHO), Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières, MSF), and the Johns Hopkins Center for Public Health Preparedness, USA. The RAPID model of first aid and key competencies for psychosocial workers involved in helping victims are described. The principles and techniques of PFA meet four basic standards: they are based on the results of research of risks and resilience after injury; they are practical and suitable for use in the “field”; they meet the age characteristics of development; they take into account cultural differences. The chronogram of mental reactions to a stressful event and the provision of PFA to victims within international medical organizations is divided into four phases which should be taken into account in the organization of psychosocial support. The RAPID model is based on five aspects designed to alleviate acute stress: Rapport and Reflective listening; Assessment of needs; Prioritization; Intervention; Disposition. If control over bodily reactions, emotions, and thoughts in the victims are restored, the narrative of the event is completed and accompanied by appropriate reactions, emotions are accepted, self-esteem and self-confidence are restored, and a sense of the future appears, we can say that the person has successfully adapted to the traumatic event and is ready to move on.
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Malyk, Iryna. "Axiometric accents of the modern state youth politics in Ukraine." Grani 24, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/172122.
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The problem of public values and peculiarities of their formation presents the issues, which are not on the surface, and which are not discussed in the news channel studios, and which are not taught in schools and higher educational institutions. However, such an absence of them in informational space does not make them less important. It is even contrary in the modern informational world - the less the problem is spoken about, the less possibility to receive objective responses to the questions, which rise. Who is responsible for the formation of value-based orientations on the state level? Why, youth, in such a case, is the main target group? Which values help and facilitate state development and the absence of which performs destructive function? In which way can the state influence formation of value-based orientations of the modern youth?This article aims at distinguishing axiometrics of the state youth politics of Ukraine, as well as actualization of the value-based approach to the problem of youth development on the current stage. The following tasks should be performed for the realization of this aim:- determination of the theoretical grounds of the study (axiometrics, state youth politics, classification of values).- distinguishing value-based component in the offered state Programs of youth politics “Youth of Ukraine” (Molod Ukrayiny) for 2016–2020” and “Youth of Ukraine” (Molod Ukrayiny) for 2021–2025”.- a comparative analysis of the offered measures within the Programs;- update (actualization) of the additional axiometric factors on the state level.As the values belong to the philosophic and psychological category, and their classification, which gave the grounds to the study, was drawn upon Nosenko E. L., who published the work “Transformation of value-based orientations of youth on the modern stage of society development (Psychological aspect)” (Transformatsiya tsinninsnykh oriientatsii molodi na suchasnomu etapi rozvytky suspilstva (Psykholohichnyi aspect). On the state level, the study of the values was conducted by the doctor of political sciences Yuriy Shayhorodskyi in work “Axiometrics of state youth politics” (Aksiometriya derzhavnoyi molodizhnoyi polityky), Kanafotska H. P. “Formation of values of a modern person: factors, institutions, components and factors of influence” (Formuvannia tsinnostey suchasnoyi liudyny: factory, instytutsiyi, skledovi ta chynnyky vplyvu), M. P. Blikhar “Value-based orientations of student youth of Ukraine: sociological analysis of the problem” (Tsinnisni oriyentatsii studentskoyi molodi Ukrayiny: sotsiolohichnyi analiz problemy). State Programs of youth politics for 2016–2020 and 2021–2025 present the grounds for analytical research.
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Johar, Siti Sarawati, Khairul Azman Mohamad Suhaimy, Khairol Anuar Kamri, Fadillah Ismail, Norizan Rameli, and Raja Zirwatul Aida Raja Ibrahim. "Transformation of Emotional Intelligence Resilience Towards Psychological and Behavioral of Youth." Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences (IJIAS) 1, no. 3 (October 28, 2021): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47540/ijias.v1i3.320.
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This article is focused on discussing the importance of strengthening emotional intelligence to achieve more integrated human domains. The discussion is in terms of challenges and resilience of emotional intelligence transformation on the psychological and behavioral impact of youth. Human capital resources among youths are the main thrusts of national development, especially from political, economic, social, and educational aspects. However, the role of youth as agents of change in society would be meaningless if it is a transformation from darkness to brightness, from positive to negative, and from peace to chaos. The important elements that need to be as a knowledgeable youth are not merely intellectual intelligence alone, but also need to have a strong emotional and spiritual intelligence to achieve the positive of emotional, thinking and behavior. Emotional intelligence can be a determining factor in behavior and ideology that is more mature and prosperous among the youth of the country. Therefore, the need to have emotional intelligence is as important as intellectual intelligence to achieve a real balance in life. Positive youth can stand up as a citizen who is full of identity and dare to cope with the competitive world, but also wisely handle whatever challenges. A strong emotional intelligence in the youth can also help transform the country's expectations into reality in the quest for the creation of a first-class human capital.
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Sukhova, N. A. "GLOBAL APPROACH TO TEACHING FUTURE MEDIATORS." Educational Psychology in Polycultural Space 58, no. 2 (2022): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2073-8439-2022-58-2-124-132.
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The paper is devoted to the new global approach in teaching future mediators. Mediators are interpreters and translators among representatives of different cultures of language and are able to resolve a conflict. Future mediators should have pluricultural conceptual world view for implementation of professional functions. The author identified the main features of global approach: immensity, universalism, Internet, appearance of global world structures and introduction of unified standards. There were identified the tasks of the research:1) to study the process of globalization and culture globalization; 2) to study Common European Framework of Reference for Languages; 3) to define teaching principles of global approach. The methodology of the study is the analysis of scientific literature: papers, books, theses, professional websites. Characteristics of global approach were identified based on main features of globalization: pluricultural competence, digital technologies, teaching principles according to the global approach and linguistic safety. The kinds of linguistic safety are the informational linguistic safety of verbal communication, state-political aspects of informational linguistic safety, social aspects of informational linguistic safety, personal-psychological aspects of informational linguistic safety (sociocultural of language informational linguistic safety). Globalization and culture globalization influence the teaching process. The global approach of teaching of future mediators is a need at this stage of teaching. A recent research can be applied in pluricultural pedagogical and pluricultural psychological fields of knowledge. The ideas described in the paper might be used by teachers and lecturers of foreign languages, pluricultural communication, culturology and professional psychology. Informational linguistic safety is considered as a component of content of future mediators.
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Pretorius, Joelien. "Nuclear Politics of Denial: South Africa and the Additional Protocol." International Negotiation 18, no. 3 (2013): 379–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-12341262.
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Abstract South Africa was one of the first states to conclude an Additional Protocol with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in 2002, allowing the IAEA greater right of access to safeguard nuclear activities and material. In light of this, some observers in the arms control community find it odd that South Africa’s representatives at the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) would be the main objectors to making the conclusion of an Additional Protocol a precondition for states wishing to import uranium enrichment and reprocessing technology (classified as sensitive nuclear technology and material). The South African objection should be viewed as only the most recent in a series of objections to measures that may seem obviously in line with nuclear non-proliferation. This emerging pattern in South Africa’s nuclear diplomacy and, more specifically, the objection to the Additional Protocol condition are related to its membership in the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) and can be investigated through the lens of a politics of denial. Denial is the act of saying “no”, but it is also in psychological parlance the unconscious thought process manifesting a refusal to acknowledge the existence of certain unpleasant aspects of external reality. It will be argued that South Africa’s opposition to the Additional Protocol condition can be explained in the context of two instances of denial: (i) a perceived denial by the nuclear haves of what the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty codifies as an inalienable right to peaceful nuclear technology – something that South Africa is cautious to be complicit in; and (ii) the nuclear weapon states’ denial (the psychological meaning) of the unpleasant reality of a hypocritical nuclear order – something that South Africa wants to expose or at least something with which to engage to limit the effects for itself and other NAM members. The politics of denial does not yield to a pragmatist/utopian dichotomy in the nuclear realm, but instead reveals the dialectic nature of realism and idealism in nuclear politics, especially as reflected in South Africa’s nuclear diplomacy.
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Nagaichuk, Andrei F. "Socio-political technology of war and armed conflict: Some aspects of history and modernity." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 37, no. 2 (2021): 281–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2021.208.
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The theme of war worries everyone in the modern world, it is the most dangerous and large-scale socio-political conflict that has the prospect of developing to the level of a global catastrophe, characterized as the “third world war”, “nuclear war”, “war with weapons of mass destruction”, etc. Furthermore, the theme includes the whole complex of knowledge and events that affect all spheres of social life and the scientific knowledge. Owing to its pervasive and multidimensional nature, war is studied simultaneously within the framework of military history, economic and the managerial paradigms, political-legal and the psychological realms of research. At the same time, there is almost no serious and detailed study of this type of conflict within conflictology, aimed at presenting an integrated and an interdisciplinary approach to the most dangerous form of a large-scale conflict. The article is an attempt to understand the essence and nature of war, its types and the forms of its manifestation, the foundations of war, technology for the development of this violent social-political conflict and the goals and functions it performs. The methods of theoretical analysis of a specific conflict situation, war and armed conflict, abstraction, specification, analysis, classification, procedure of terms and data operationalization and interpretation are used. Applied research methods are also used (document analysis, observation, etc.). As a result, a socio-political model for analyzing the technology of war is proposed, which characterizes its base, structural elements (tools, methods, procedures, techniques, operations), and algorithm. In conclusion, derivative knowledge about the main socio-political methods and technologies for study, analysis of modern wars and armed conflicts, their peaceful regulation and peacekeeping is proposed.
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Bashynskyi, V., H. Pievtsov, P. Openko, and A. Kozyr. "ANALYSIS OF CURRENT INFORMATIONAL ASPECTS OF PROBABLE SCENARIO FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MILITARY CONFLICT WITH THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Наукові праці Державного науково-дослідного інституту випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки, no. 6 (December 30, 2020): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/dndivsovt.6.2020.02.
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The beginning of the XXI century was characterized by the emergence of a new type of war – information one, when victory is achieved not by destroying the armed forces and the economy of the enemy, but through the impact on his moral and psychological condition. In modern conflicts, methods based on the integrated application of political, economic, informational and other non-military measures based on military force are increasingly used. The combination of these methods is implemented in the concept of hybrid warfare, the leading idea of which consists in achieving political goals with minimal military influence on the enemy through the use of modern information technology based on "soft power" and "hard power". The peculiarity of such a war is that it is conducted in disguise using mostly non-linear tactics and is not aimed at capturing the entire territory of the country, although it is possible to take control of partial territories, but to obtain patronage over the state, which is achieved through influence on the population, politics, business, law-enforcement agencies. A striking example of the implementation of the concept of hybrid war is the actions of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - Russia) against Ukraine. At the same time, Russia's "hybrid policy" is not limited to Ukraine. It also covers Europe and the United States, the EU and NATO.
In order to analyze the development of the conflict between Ukraine and Russia in the period up to 2035, an analysis was made on the development of the information aspect of relations between Ukraine and other influential regional and world actors on the development of the situation around Ukraine.
In preparing the forecast, the tools of scenario analysis were used, namely: the analysis of the main influencing factors, which allowed determining the trends of regional development until 2035. This analysis makes it possible to develop a baseline scenario for the development of the situation, provided that the situation around Ukraine over time will not change significantly; the main factors that are difficult to predict and non-collinear are identified.
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Perevezentsev, Sergey V. "“Approved by God to the Sovereign…”. The Image of the Sovereign in the Works of the End of 15th–17th Centuries." Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 54 (May 20, 2019): 173–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2019-0-2-173-205.
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The article is devoted to the theme that used to be the focus point in the views of Slavophils and their discussion both with each other and with the opponents: the nature of Tsar power in Russia, its political continuity, psychological and political legitimization. What demands are put forward on the tsar power in general and the particular sovereign in Russian political culture? What authority image should the sovereign in Russia comply with personally? In what aspects the Russian Tsar authority preserves succession with its historic analogues – Roman and Byzantine empires, and in what aspects it was unique and inimitable in world practice? The author analyzes the background of the issue, – what the image of the sovereign was like in the works of the end of the 15th–17th centuries, i.e. in the post-Horde period of the consolidation and centralization of Russian State system, the prime of the Rurikovich dynasty, the Distemper period and accession to the throne of the Romanov dynasty.
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Pavlyuk, Ihor. "MODERN UKRAINIAN PUBLICISM: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS." Social Communications: Theory and Practice 11, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.51423/2524-0471-2020-11-2-7.
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The purposeof this article is to study the philosophical and psychological, ideological and historically natural states and trends of changes in modern Ukrainian journalism in the context of its potential deepening of democratic freedoms, coverage of war issues, global universal problems.The methodological basis of our study is the distinction betweenthe concepts of Ukrainian-language and Ukrainian-language journalism, informativeness and journalistic-analytical on the level of subjectivized emotions in the text, which in the communicative plane turn it into metatext, because journalism itself includes in various, preferably harmonious, propositional, analytical, simple display). Among our research methods: phenomenological, comparative, psychoanalytic (probing archetypes), hermeneutic, deconstructivist (search for non-systemic meanings in texts and meanings of consciousness).As a result of the study, a comprehensive analysis of Ukrainian modern journalism in the context of changes in forms, forms, their genre modifications and transformations, in particular −in propaganda and demagoguery, modernization of technical means of dissemination of journalistic texts taking into account internal socio-political processes (chaotic) nature of information developmentof society in Ukraine) and external geopolitical challenges.The obtained results allowed us to formulate the following conclusions.Ukrainian modern journalism is a consolidating information and propaganda enzyme, co-creator of ideological matrices, taking into account the preservation of national identity and features of modern world media culture:its multimedia, interactivity, implementation in electronic media, where the dynamic development of information technology and the expansion of information , and produce and retransmit it, which symbolizes the emergence of a new type of journalism in Ukraine.
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Chryssochoou, Xénia. "Studying identity in social psychology." Studying Identity: Theoretical and Methodological Challenges 2, no. 2 (November 18, 2003): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.2.2.03chr.
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The present paper discusses the concept of identity in social psychology. It is suggested that identity is a particular form of social representation that mediates the relationship between the individual and the social world. Identity makes the link between social regulations and psychological organizations (i.e. identifications/self-categories) and constitutes the organizing principle of symbolic relationships. Its functions are to inscribe the person in the social environment, to communicate peoples’ positions and to establish relationships with others (social recognition). Thus identity is a cyclical process constituted by three actions: knowing, claiming and recognizing. Social psychologists have started their investigations of identity by emphasizing different aspects of this process: self-knowledge, claims and recognition and have focused on processes of socialization, communication and social influence. Finally, it is argued that through their active participation in the social world (by knowing, recognizing and claiming), individuals construct a set of knowledge about the world and themselves: their identity. To protect from, provoke or respond to changes to this knowledge people act in the name of identity. Thus, identity constitutes the social psychological context within which worldviews are constructed, through which these worldviews are communicated and for which battles are fought.
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Blinjaev, Semen N., and Oleg N. Shirokov. "HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE PROBLEM OF SOLDIERS ‘ UNREST DURING MOBILIZATION IN THE YEARS OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR." Historical Search 2, no. 3 (September 28, 2021): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2021-2-3-59-68.
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The article covers the problem of analyzing such an important and relevant issue as the soldiers’ riots at the beginning of mobilization during the First World War and its consequences for the socio-economic and political situation in the Russian Empire. The authors give an overview of the Soviet, Russian and foreign historiography on the problem and describe the content of scientific works on this issue. Based on the analysis of scientists’ research works, the authors make a conclusion about their contribution to the development of certain aspects of the theme and coverage of the problematics as a whole. It is shown that there is a significant difference in the degree of research of the issue’s various aspects. The historiography reflects the most completely the socio-economic and political consequences of large-scale mobilization measures: socio-demographic shifts in the town and the village, changes in modernization processes, increasing problems in the agricultural sector, emergence and development of the revolutionary factor under the influence of the war, the least developed are aspects related to the character, scale, driving forces, mental and ethno – psychological springs of soldiers’ riots during the conscription campaigns. The authors point out the difference in interpreting the causes of such a social phenomenon as soldiers’ riots during the development of the problematics by Soviet scientists and Russian researchers in the 1990s and at the present moment. Regional historiography is considered separately with clarification of the issue determining the current stage of studying the scientific problem in Chuvashia, the republics of Tatarstan and Mari El. The authors come to the conclusion that, despite the multifaceted study of the problem on a Russian scale, it remains poorly studied on the territory of the three named republics of the Volga region, which indicates the current need for complex and holistic work.
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Rezouki, Prof Dr Abdul al-Hussein Majid, M. Dr Atheer Aday Salman Al- Quraishi, and M. Dr Haider Lazim Khudair. "Psychological security and its relationship with to the University compatibility with the students of the College of Education at the University of Mustansiriya." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 218, no. 2 (November 9, 2018): 179–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v218i2.543.
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The psychological security to one of the most modern world drives where increased research that addressed the importance and influence in a lot of political and economic aspects, psychological, especially when university students who are the most important slides that have an important role in the construction of any society slice, man security is a human being capable of production and Dungeons against psychological tremors, personal understanding of university students is to assess the extent Daffiest and that is the most important security engines, as it is a key demand for compatibility, security is a human being who is capable of building successful relationships with others.
Targeting current research into the psychological security measure and its relationship University compatibility among university students and prepared by (Sultan, 2002) eventually adapted to fit with the university students and which consists of (35) items of each paragraph five alternatives, also was adopted university compatibility-drafted measure (al-Janabi, 2008), which consists of (44) items each with five alternatives, as has been verified validity and reliability have been applied to a sample of 100 students and a student at the College of Education, Al-Mustansiriya University, where results showed that male safer than females and to the lack of clear differences in university compatibility between the gender.
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de Leeuw, Daan. "“In the Name of Humanity”: Nazi Doctors and Human Experiments in German Concentration Camps." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 34, no. 2 (2020): 225–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcaa025.
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Abstract During the Second World War over two hundred and fifty German doctors conducted medical experiments on human beings. Jurists and scholars have pondered ever since how doctors educated to heal could harm and even kill. Robert Jay Lifton has argued that psychological “doubling” could explain their crimes: their Faustian bargain with Nazism outweighed their Hippocratic Oath. Here the author argues, however, that Lifton’s theory does not apply to these Nazi doctors because there is no indication that they recognized ethical constraints against human experimentation. To explain how “healers became killers,” the author focuses on the broader historical aspects of their behavior.
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Šorn, Mojca. "Spremembe v medčloveških odnosih v obdobju pomanjkanja in lakote (Ljubljana: 1914–1918)." Studia Historica Slovenica 20 (2020), no. 3 (December 20, 2020): 713–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32874/shs.2020-20.
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The following contribution, which focuses on Ljubljana and its inhabitants during World War I, shows how everyday life was influenced by the military and political as well as economic and social aspects. It underlines the food shortage, which did not only result in an increased incidence of diseases and deaths but also adjusted nutrition as well as modified daily rhythms and mental and psychological processes. The present contribution, which focuses on the interpersonal relationship changes in the extraordinary wartime circumstances or during the period of shortage and hunger, reveals that the code of behaviour as well as the established societal and social norms of the pre-war period often became a thing of the past.
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Quinney, Suzanne, and Leo Richardson. "Organisational development, appreciative inquiry and the development of Psychologically Informed Environments (PIEs). Part I: a positive psychology approach." Housing, Care and Support 17, no. 2 (June 10, 2014): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hcs-03-2014-0003.
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Purpose – Appreciative Inquiry (AI) has its roots in the world of Organisational Development (OD), however, as a strength-based approach which is intrinsically creative and generative, it has been found to work well in many other fields. The purpose of this paper, Part 1 of 2, is to provide an introduction to AI and suggests its potential in homeless work. Part 2 reports a pilot study of implementation and evaluation. Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual paper suggesting a new approach to the development of a Psychologically Informed Environment (PIE). The background of the approach (AI) is given, the pilot project described, and the way it contributes to a PIE is discussed. The beneficial and practical link with Positive Psychology is also explored. Part 2 will describe the outcomes of the implementation of AI in pilot at a homelessness hostel in Westminster. Findings – AI has its roots in the world of OD, however, it has been found to work well in many other fields. The paper highlights some of the aspects of AI and Positive Psychology which could be meaningful to hostel residents, and give it robustness and psychological sophistication when used by staff and residents. The paper also considers the benefits of using AI with staff as a tool for organisational learning, there by making it an ideal approach for hostels which want to become a PIE. Originality/value – AI is well-established as an OD process and less well known as a personal development approach and has not previously been articulated as a tool for working with hostel residents or for developing PIEs. The openness of PIEs to alternative psychological approaches is indicated. AI is a strength-based approach, and a well-structured alternative to some of the problem-based psychological approaches that have been used. In addition, AI supports defining features of a PIE such as reflective awareness.
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Mathur, Ajeet N., and Anja Salmi. "The Politics of Disharmony in Management of Gender Differences." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 31, no. 3 (July 2006): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920060306.
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Harmonious inter-generational continuities require the male and the female of the species to engage with each other through interdependence. The chronic under-representation of women in politics everywhere, long after women secured justiciable equal rights in many democracies, intrigues scholars. Political participation varies by ethnicity, age, religion, and culture but that does not account for gender. Patriarchy, discrimination, domination, and oppression are historically castigated but there can also be other reasons. This study explains that underrepresentation of women persists because motives and power-bases to improve their political participation are not easily mobilized due to psychological differences in how men and women acquire and exercise political influence. Strategies suiting intra-group mobilization of women for securing greater inter-group influence are different from those that suit men. Thus, what appear as ‘deficits’ of political skills inhibiting acquisition of political power by women are dissolvable with designed interventions. Indeed, men may appear challenged were they to compete with strategies more suited to women. Gendered identities affect processes of inclusion, exclusion, representation, and participation of women in politics in various ways. The dynamics of disharmony in management of gender differences is traceable to different repertoires of response choices with which men and women build relationships and form groups. This study analyses gender differences in coping with anxieties and defending against anxieties and identifies sets of causal triggers that produce disharmony as outcomes arising in the form of deprivations and taboos during the process of growth and identity formation. Coping responses to anxieties are substituted and complemented by primitive and developed defences traceable to the way men and women are cared for as babies, infants, children, and adolescence through to adulthood. The repertoire of coping responses as well as primitive and developed defences evolves differently for men and women. This is immutable in some respects, modifiable in others, through practices embedded in psychosocial aspects of gender identities, child-rearing practices, and culture. The two horns of the women�s dilemma pressurize them either into behaving like men or evolving creative and innovative strategies. The latter is challenging since the required talent, planning, organization, and mobilization cannot be wished into existence by rational or emotional pleas for equal representation. The major findings of the study are follows: Human dignity, equal freedom, social cohesion, and global harmony, as desirable goals, are beyond reach if social justice is sought only through demands, disputes, claims, and entitlements over substantive and procedural equality of rights. The pursuit of equality as a policy requires to be underpinned with deeper analysis of the sources of conscious and unconscious human behaviour (of individuals and groups) that produce inequitable outcomes. The restoration of gender balance in the political arena can have the greatest and most lasting impact on sustainable ways to design and govern world affairs in the pursuit of harmony. This paper urges women and men to experiment with designing strategies that suit women and test whether such strategies redress the political under-representation of women.
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Cloete, N. "Psychological afflictions as expressed in Bessie Head’s A Question of Power and Tsitsi Dangarembga’s Nervous Conditions." Literator 21, no. 1 (April 26, 2000): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v21i1.439.
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This article refutes the glib generalization about the lack of psychological sensitivity so often attributed to Africans by examining female suffering manifesting itself in nervous afflictions as a result of colonialism and patriarchy as portrayed in these two novels. It is argued that the overriding theme of A Question of Power (1973) is the struggle of a displaced, marginalised woman for what she perceives as her rights in a hostile world. In similar vein, Dangarembga reveals in Nervous Conditions (1988) how patriarchy coupled with colonialism, causes different kinds of psychological afflictions in her female protagonists. In this article the thematically interpretive discourse-analytical method is employed to focus on the autobiographical mode used in the novels under discussion, while special attention is paid to characterization and stylistic aspects. The investigation exposes both similarities and dissimilarities in the writers’ handling of this universal problem. Moreover, Head and Dangarembga are hailed for breaking new ground in moving beyond the confines of their own literary conventions, while simultaneously destroying the social silencing and political disenfranchisement traditionally experienced by women of colour.
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Pogorskа, I. "THE DILEMMAS OF MODERN DEMOCRACY DEVELOPMENT: THEORY AND PRACTICE." Actual Problems of International Relations, no. 133 (2017): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2017.133.0.49-67.
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The manageability of modern global and regional processes is directly dependent on the success of multilateral interaction, the search for collective mutually acceptable solutions. Therefore, the foreign policy of modern states is essentially aimed at creating a more stable, predictable and secure international environment on the democracy model basis, where an effective balance has been found between the national and collective interests of political actors. The current stage is the subject of serious scientific discussions. It is argued that situational measures can not fundamentally change the model of democratic development on world space because that does not entail a change in the conceptual basis of the system of multilateral cooperation. Modern research stands out fundamental works, which presents systematized integration features, combining economic, historical, political, cultural and psychological aspects of the analysis of democratic development formats.
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Vogler, Carolyn. "Social Identity and Emotion: The Meeting of Psychoanalysis and Sociology." Sociological Review 48, no. 1 (February 2000): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-954x.00201.
Full textAbstract:
This paper attempts to develop a framework for understanding social identities by linking together ideas from two disciplines which are normally pursued separately from each other namely, sociology and psychoanalysis. Drawing on the work of Craib (1989, 1994, 1998a) Bion (1961) and Scheff (1994a) in psychoanalysis and Mann (1986, 1993a, 1995, 1997) in sociology, the main argument is that social identities such as national identity are not just the result of sociological factors such as social classification, boundaries and processes of identification, they also have an important emotional dimension which coexists with but cannot be reduced to the social. In order to understand the persistence and indeed strengthening of nationalism and national identities in the contemporary world, we need to take account not just of changes in the inter-relationships between economics, politics and culture at the global level, but also of the ways in which they may now be coming to inter-relate with the kind of unconscious psychological processes and strong emotions such as love, hate, shame and anger, which occur within groups. The paper begins with a critique of existing sociological approaches to identity followed by an attempt to develop an alternative approach based on the psychoanalytic concept of emotional inter-subjectivity. By means of a case study of British trade unions in the 1980's and 1990's, it then goes on to show how unconscious psychological processes and strong feelings may now be articulating with sociological processes to form a mutually reinforcing loop which is strengthening and reinforcing nationalism in a sociological context in which other aspects of society are globalising. Finally, it is suggested that the reason why sociologists need to take feelings seriously in the contemporary world is that they may now be combining with sociological changes to strengthen and reinforce nationalism and the principle of nationality in situations in which it might be more productive to question it.
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Zernetska, O., and O. Myronchuk. "Historical Memory and Practices of Monumental Commemoration of World War I in Australia (Part 1)." Problems of World History, no. 12 (September 29, 2020): 208–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2020-12-11.
Full textAbstract:
The authors’ research attention is focused on the specifics of the Australian memorial practices dedicated to the World War I. The statement is substantiated that in the Australian context memorials and military monuments formed a special post-war and post-traumatic part of the visual memory of the first Australian global military conflict.
The features of the Australian memorial concept are clarified, the social function of the monuments and their important role in the psychological overcoming of the trauma and bitter losses experienced are noted. The multifaceted aspects of visualization of the monumental memory of the World War I in Australia are analyzed. Monuments and memorials are an important part of Australia’s visual heritage.
It is concluded that each Australian State has developed its own concept of memory, embodied in various types and nature of monuments. The main ones are analyzed in detail: Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne (1928–1934); Australian War Memorial in Canberra (1941); Sydney Cenotaph (1927-1929) and Anzac Memorial in Sydney (1934); Desert Mounted Corps Memorial in Western Australia (1932); Victoria Memorials: Avenue of Honour and Victory Arch in Ballarat (1917-1919), Australian Ex-Prisoners of War Memorial (2004), Great Ocean Road – the longest nationwide memorial (1919-1932); Hobart War Memorial in the Australian State of Tasmania (1925), as well as Villers-Bretonneux Australian National Memorial in France dedicated to French-Australian cooperation during the World War I (1938).
The authors demonstrate an inseparable connection between the commemorative practices of Australia and the politics of national identity, explore the trends in the creation and development of memorial practices. It is noted that the overwhelming majority of memorial sites are based on the clearly expressed function of a place of memory, a place of mourning and commemoration. It was found that the representation of the memorial policy of the memory of Australia in the first post-war years was implemented at the beginning at the local level and was partially influenced by British memorial practices, transforming over time into a nationwide cultural resource.
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Zernetska, O., and O. Myronchuk. "Historical Memory and Practices of Monumental Commemoration of World War I in Australia (Part 2)." Problems of World History, no. 13 (March 18, 2021): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2021-13-10.
Full textAbstract:
The authors’ research attention is focused on the specifics of the Australian memorial practices dedicated to the World War I. The statement is substantiated that in the Australian context memorials and military monuments formed a special post-war and post-traumatic part of the visual memory of the first Australian global military conflict.
The features of the Australian memorial concept are clarified, the social function of the monuments and their important role in the psychological overcoming of the trauma and bitter losses experienced are noted. The multifaceted aspects of visualization of the monumental memory of the World War I in Australia are analyzed. Monuments and memorials are an important part of Australia’s visual heritage.
It is concluded that each Australian State has developed its own concept of memory, embodied in various types and nature of monuments. The main ones are analyzed in detail: Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne (1928–1934); Australian War Memorial in Canberra (1941); Sydney Cenotaph (1927-1929) and Anzac Memorial in Sydney (1934); Desert Mounted Corps Memorial in Western Australia (1932); Victoria Memorials: Avenue of Honour and Victory Arch in Ballarat (1917-1919), Australian Ex-Prisoners of War Memorial (2004), Great Ocean Road – the longest nationwide memorial (1919-1932); Hobart War Memorial in the Australian State of Tasmania (1925), as well as Villers-Bretonneux Australian National Memorial in France dedicated to French-Australian cooperation during the World War I (1938).
The authors demonstrate an inseparable connection between the commemorative practices of Australia and the politics of national identity, explore the trends in the creation and development of memorial practices. It is noted that the overwhelming majority of memorial sites are based on the clearly expressed function of a place of memory, a place of mourning and commemoration. It was found that the representation of the memorial policy of the memory of Australia in the first post-war years was implemented at the beginning at the local level and was partially influenced by British memorial practices, transforming over time into a nationwide cultural resource.
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Ryazanova, Elena V., and Sergei B. Dekterev. "Technical, psychological and behavioural aspects of teaching EFL and ESP university courses online: A case study of the 2020-2021 curriculum." Training, Language and Culture 6, no. 3 (September 22, 2022): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2521-442x-2022-6-3-32-44.
Full textAbstract:
Taking measures against the coronavirus pandemic in 2020-2021 many universities all over the world had to transform their formal classes into distance or online courses. The article deals with the issues of online EFL and ESP teaching and the learning process in distance format under an instructor’s supervision. The research is based on the feedback data of the survey conducted for the Political Science students who were taking up the English language university course online in the 2020-2021 curriculum instead of formal classes. The aim of the research was to reveal the technical, psychological and behavioural aspects of English language distance learning in a virtual MS Teams classroom as well as to analyse the students’ self-assessment of the efficiency and results of the distance EFL course. Applying quantitative and qualitative data analyses together with the method of involved observation, the authors arrive at conclusions concerning the still existing technical problems preventing students from working effectively, the disruptive character of certain psychological and behavioural patterns in a virtual classroom, as well as discrepancies between the amount of effort students put into their work and their academic achievements. Study results show both the drawbacks of the distance online format compared to the traditional formal classroom and the possibilities of effective implementation of distance forms of education at some stages of the English language educational process or within particular modules of the curriculum.
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Petev, Nikolay. "CONSTRUCTION AND SPECIFICITY OF POLITICAL MYTH AS AN INSTRUMENT OF DIALOGUE AND INFLUENCE." Studia Humanitatis 20, no. 3 (November 2021): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j12.art.2021.3762.
Full textAbstract:
This work analyzes political mythologization, in particular within the framework of the dialectical confrontation between the artificial images of the “Messiah” and the “World Demon”. The purpose of the work is to identify the constructive and functional features of a political myth with a specific teleological purpose. Among others, an important task is to identify the destructive trends caused by the speculative influence of a political myth. The research methodology includes the dialectical method used as a tool for investigating the internal contradictions of the political myth phenomenon This method was also used to analyze the opposition of two artificial images (the “Messiah” and the “World Demon”). The analysis of authenticity (as the correspondence between positioning and content) of political mythologization as a kind of speculative system was used to identify its specifics of functioning and impact on the objects that are the main targets. This method in combination with the primary deconstruction of a monolithic myth is necessary for the subsequent synthesis of the obtained results. The modeling method allowed us to form the characteristic features of a political myth. Some elements of ethical and psychological approaches, as well as the approaches of religious studies were also used to fix the pragmatic and speculative aspects of a political myth. The following results were obtained: 1) aestheticization is an important component of a political myth; 2) for all their seeming abstractness, the images of political mythologization have pragmatic literality; 3) the parasitical nature of political mythologization was revealed; 4) the relativity of the concepts of freedom and individuality in a political myth was shown; 5) the aspect of conformism and pragmatism of political mythologization was established; 6) political myths create conditions for destructive behavior and attitudes.
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Ameen, Furquan, and N. Imtiyazi. "PHYSICAL HEALTH HAZARDS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TOBACCO SMOKING: A REVIEW UNDER THE VISION OF MODERN SCIENCE AND TRADITIONAL UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 01 (January 31, 2022): 650–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14086.
Full textAbstract:
Use of tobacco and health problems due to its smoking is a major topic of concern in todays world. Tobacco use causes serious cardio-respiratory diseases which result in low life expectancy. It is found that increased mortality due to lung cancer is associated with cigarette smoking in every country. Smoking leads to cancers, pulmonary diseases, cardiac diseases and stroke. Tobacco smoking causes psychological dependence due to the nicotine present in the tobacco. This addictive behavior is due to the addictive character of nicotine and some other factors like social, personal, economic and political influences. According to Unani System of Medicine, consumption of tobacco is harmful for cardiac and mental health. Use of tobacco causes different types of respiratory disorders it increases the production of phlegm (Balgham) in trachea, bronchus and lungs. The literature available in Unani Medicine regarding tobacco also indicates that it causes physical and mental illness such as cough, palpitation, pulmonary tuberculosis, constipation, impotence, impairment of vision, vertigo/giddiness, amnesia and insomnia etc.
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Bohman, Michael. "Nature and Nurture Lessons from Swedish Adoption Surveys." Adoption & Fostering 21, no. 2 (July 1997): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857599702100206.
Full textAbstract:
The following article by Professor Michael Bohman begins with a brief historical analysis of child development theory in relation to adoption and fostering after the end of the Second World War. The author goes on to review research findings from a series of Swedish adoption surveys which began under his supervision in the 1960s and continue to this day. Much attention is given to the significance of genetic and environmental factors towards shaping the development of adopted children into adulthood. Problems of social and psychological adjustment are discussed, as are the genetic aspects of criminality and alcohol misuse in a group of adult adopted people.
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Arsahanova, Zina, Yuriy Bokov, and Alexander Larin. "The impact of wars on the economy of countries: theoretical and practical aspects." Economic Annals-ХХI 182, no. 3-4 (April 15, 2020): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v182-04.
Full textAbstract:
Wars leave deep traces in the country’s economy during and after the war, as well as social and psychological consequences. At the beginning of the economic consequences of war, there is a loss of labour. The withdrawal of skilled labour from the country due to the war, the reduction of the population as a result of injuries and deaths leads to serious losses in production and national income. The decline in production leads to inflation and the emergence of a «black» market, faced with difficulties in meeting the needs of the population, whose incomes are falling due to the war. The division of resources into army and defence needs during this period leads to bottlenecks in meeting the resource needs of many sectors, especially basic consumer goods. With war, it becomes impossible to provide new production tools, find loans, continue working without interruption in the face of possible enemy attacks, and increase production within the optimal norms of leasing. This study is intended to discuss the economic consequences of wars. The basic macroeconomic effects of war on the economy are discussed, and the economic costs of war through experiences of the most significant countries are explained with regard to World War I and II. The effects of the Syrian war on the Turkish economy are opened up, and political and economic recommendations are given.