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(Bas) van Bales, S., Vincent Nijman, and Resit Sözer. "Conservation of the endemic Javan hawk-eagle Spizaetus bartelsi Stresemann, 1924 (Aves: Falconiformes): density, age-structure and population numbers." Contributions to Zoology 70, no. 3 (2001): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-07003004.
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The endemic Javan hawk-eagle Spizaetus bartelsi is considered threatened with extinction because of its small population size and fragmentation of its habitat on the densely populated island of Java, Indonesia. Like many other tropical forest raptors little is known about many of its population parameters. Research was carried out from 1980 to 2000 in order to assess the status of this species. Its presence was confirmed throughout the island in both wet and dry climatic zones. Home range sizes were calculated to range between 12-36 km2, and comparison with published estimates suggests that these may differ significantly between areas. Encounter rates are in the order of 0.1-0.9 birds per survey day, and were significantly higher in areas with a short dry season compared to areas with a long dry season. Based on field-observations, museum skins and captive birds, the adult: non adult ratio is 1: 1.3. An assessment of habitat quality for all large areas where Javan hawk-eagles have been recorded, and a conservative working density differentiated to habitat quality, lead us to estimate that there are 137-188 remaining pairs, which account for a total world population of just short of a thousand birds. We make a number of suggestions for further research aimed at obtaining more insight on dispersal, recruitment and age-related habitat preferences, and for improved conservation, including more strict law enforcement and gazettment of new reserves.
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Squires, Richard L. "First report ofOniscidiaMörch, 1852 (Neogastropoda, Harpidae) in the northeast Pacific fossil record and paleobiogeographic review of the genus." Journal of Paleontology 92, no. 5 (April 30, 2018): 794–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2018.13.
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AbstractThe harpid neogastropod genusOniscidiaMörch, 1852, which has not been recognized before in the northeast Pacific fossil record, is represented there by rare specimens ofOniscidia plectata(Waring, 1917) n. comb., of late early Paleocene age, in a region extending from southern California, USA to Baja California, Mexico. This species is the earliest unequivocal record ofOniscidiaand its only known Paleocene record. It apparently lived in silty, inner- to middle-shelf depths, which were inherently cooler than adjacent shallower marine depths. Its habitat was subject to the influx of shallow-marine shells, especially turritellas, contained in turbidity currents emanating from nearshore depths.The global paleogeography ofOniscidia, which is presented here for the first time, has been overlooked previously because this genus has a long and complicated history of taxonomic confusion with the harpid genusMorumRöding, 1798.Oniscidiaquestionably originated during the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) in southern India and apparently dispersed westward through the Tethys Seaway into the New World. Paleocene and early Eocene occurrences of this genus are rare, and middle Eocene occurrences are uncommon. During the cool times of the Oligocene and into the early Miocene, it was most widespread. Its range became restricted during the middle Miocene and continued to be so during the Pliocene, Pleistocene, and modern day, with occurrences only in the Caribbean Sea region, Florida, and the western Pacific. Its distribution through warm and cool times was most likely controlled by its habitat preference for relatively deep cool waters.
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Garner, Lynne. "Celebrating World Habitat Day." Child Care 10, no. 10 (October 2013): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/chca.2013.10.10.6.
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Can, Özgün Emre, Bhupendra Prasad Yadav, Paul J. Johnson, Joanna Ross, Neil D’Cruze, and David W. Macdonald. "Factors affecting the occurrence and activity of clouded leopards, common leopards and leopard cats in the Himalayas." Biodiversity and Conservation 29, no. 3 (December 7, 2019): 839–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01912-7.
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AbstractClouded leopards are one of the least known of larger felids and were believed to be extinct in Nepal until 1987. They are particularly interesting because their Asian range spans a diversity of habitats in the fastest disappearing forests in the world and encompasses a guild which differs in composition from place to place. As a part of a wider camera-trapping study of this guild, involving 2948 camera traps at 45 sites in nine countries, and paralleling a similar study of the Sunda clouded leopard including a further 1544 camera traps spanning 22 sites distributed across two countries, we deployed 84 pairs of camera traps for 107 days in 2014 and 2015 at Langtang National Park, Nepal between 1823 and 3824 m a.s.l. within a grid encompassing c. 120 km2. We documented the presence of clouded leopards for the first time at an altitude as high as 3498 m a.s.l. Naïve occupancy for clouded leopard was 8.6% (correcting for detection, 10.1%). Clouded leopards were least active in the middle of the day, and largely crepuscular and nocturnal, as were the common leopards and leopard cats. The peak of clouded leopard activity overlapped with that of musk deer. Prey species for both clouded leopard and common leopard were available across the elevation range studied although the availability of some prey species declined as elevation increased, whereas Himalayan serow, Himalayan goral, and musk deer showed no association with elevation. Before this study, there was no hard evidence that clouded leopards occurred above 2300 m a.s.l., having documented them at almost 4000 m a.s.l. in the Himalayas, we emphasise the importance of this extreme portion of the species’ range where climate is likely to change more rapidly and with greater consequences, than the global average. The discovery of clouded leopards in Langtang National Park considerably extends their known range, and raises the possibility that they occur from the Terai in southern Nepal up to the Nepal-Tibet (China) border in the north. Insofar as this study has extended the known extreme boundary of the clouded leopard’s geographic range to encompass Langtang National Park in the Nepali Himalayas.
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Clouâtre, Alain, Daniel Coderre, and Daniel Gagnon. "HABITAT OF A NEW MYMAROMMATIDAE FOUND IN SOUTHERN QUEBEC, CANADA (HYMENOPTERA: TEREBRANTES)." Canadian Entomologist 121, no. 9 (September 1989): 825–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent121825-9.
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During a study on the litter arthropods of the natural forests of southern Quebec, Mymarommatidae specimens were found near Lachute, northwest of Montreal. Fewer than 200 specimens of Mymarommatidae have been collected throughout the world (Huber 1987); there are only nine species, all in the genus Palaeomymar Meunier (Yoshimoto 1984). Morphologically, the insects are characterized by a two-segmented abdominal petiole and atrophied posterior wings attached to the anal margin of entirely reticulated anterior wings (Huber 1987). Their biology is still unknown (J.T. Huber, pers. comm.), although it is thought that they may be insect egg parasites (Yoshimoto 1984). Yoshimoto (1984) included the Mymarommatidae in the Chalcidoidea. However, Gibson (1986) proposed not to include them in a superfamily until the phyletic relationships of the Terebrantes are better defined.
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Silvano, Filomena. "Quando as roupas habitam a cidade:." Latitude 15, no. 2 (April 17, 2022): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.28998/lte.2021.n.2.13122.
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As fashion weeks são rituais em que participam os membros de uma comunidade a qual podemos chamar, tendo a proposta de Becker (1982) como referência, o “mundo da moda”. Embora conectado com uma comunidade específica, esse ritual impacta a vida social das cidades, transmutando os seus espaços. Este texto começa por fazer, tendo por base o caso de Paris, um breve historial do percurso de dispersão pelo espaço da cidade que os desfiles de moda fizeram desde o século XIX até a atualidade, associando esse percurso às principais modificações de caráter social e performativo, que esses eventos foram sofrendo. Em um segundo momento, o texto centra-se na cidade de Lisboa, que é tomada como um estudo de caso revelador, apesar das suas particularidades e das dinâmicas universais do ritual das fashion weeks. Palavras-chaves: Fashion Weeks. Mundo da Moda. Ritual. Performance. Espaço. Cultura Material. Vestir. Abstract The fashion weeks are rituals that participates members of a community we can call, having Becker's (1982) proposal as a reference, the “world of fashion”. Although connected to a specific community, this ritual impacts the social life of cities, transmuting their spaces. This text begins by making, based on the case of Paris, a brief history of the route of dispersion throughout the city that fashion shows have made from the 19th century to the present day, associating this route with the main changes of social and performative character, that these events suffered. In a second moment, the text focuses on the city of Lisbon, which is taken as a revealing case study, despite its particularities, the universal dynamics of the fashion weeks ritual. Keywords: Fashion Weeks. World of Fashion. Ritual. Performance. Space. Material Culture. Dress.
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Ignatiuk, Jordan B., and Robert G. Clark. "Breeding biology of American crows in Saskatchewan parkland habitat." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-026.
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The breeding biology of American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) was studied in two areas (St. Denis and Elstow) of aspen parkland habitat in Saskatchewan, Canada, in 1987 and 1988. The St. Denis area had relatively more diverse land use and contained more wetlands than the Elstow area. Crows returned from winter ranges in early April and were frequently observed at breeding sites in late April, when nest building began. Overall, mean (± SD) clutch initiation dates were 6 May (± 6 days) at St. Denis and 10 May (± 6) at Elstow, but, in 1988, clutches were initiated about 6 days earlier at St. Denis than at Elstow (P < 0.05). Density of nests at St. Denis averaged twice that found at Elstow (0.70 and 0.35/km2, respectively; P < 0.05). Size of incubated clutches did not differ between years or areas, and averaged 4.8 ± 0.6 eggs (n = 104). Hatching success did not differ by year or area, but in 1987, nests at St. Denis produced nearly twice as many young as at Elstow. Brood losses resulted from predation, starvation, and possibly other factors. Chicks in smaller broods gained mass faster and fledged at a lighter mass than chicks in larger broods. There were no consistent differences between areas in the mass, bill length, and head–bill lengths of 22-day-old chicks. Young fledged when they were between 30 and 34 days old. Crows at St. Denis had higher reproductive success (1987), nested at greater densities (1988 and both years combined), and began egg laying earlier (1988) than at Elstow, suggesting that St. Denis was a more productive breeding habitat.
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Griffiths, AD, J. Koenig, F. Carrol, and O. Price. "Activity area and day-time tree use of the black-footed tree-rat Mesembriomys gouldii." Australian Mammalogy 23, no. 2 (2001): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am01181.
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HABITAT management of wildlife is a fundamental component of most management programs aimed at the conservation of wildlife. Understanding the collection of resources and conditions necessary for a population's occupancy of a particular environment is considered vital (Garshelis 2000). Information on the amount of area required by an individual and areas used as refuges from predation or denning are two useful parameters. For the small mammal fauna of Australia's tropical savannas, the collection of this information has focused on associations with vegetation communities and trapping studies (Friend and Taylor 1985; Kerle 1985; Friend 1987; Braithwaite 1989; Kerle 1998).
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Tahmassebi, Hossein. "World Energy Outlook through 1995." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 4, no. 5 (October 1986): 349–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459878600400502.
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A worldwide glut of petroleum will continue to put downward pressure on oil prices in the years ahead. Though the extent of price decline is difficult to predict, the author projects three separate scenarios based on market conditions prevailing in July 1985. The author thinks OPEC is likely to change its past strategy by emphasizing market share rather than price stability. In direct contrast to its current policy, the organization may announce a production floor rather than a ceiling and thus relegate the task of maintaining the price to non -OPEC producers. The Most-Likely Scenario assumes the price for OPEC's benchmark crude oil will decline from $28 a barrel in 1985 to $23 by 1987. It will remain there until 1990 and then increase only at the rate of inflation to $30.78 (current dollars) a barrel in 1995. This scenario assumes OPEC will refuse to lower its production quota from its current level of 16 million barrels a day. Under the Low-Price Scenario, Arab Light declines to $15 a barrel by 1987, gradually climbs to $20 a barrel by 1990, and $26 a barrel by 1995. This projection assumes a further deterioration of discipline within OPEC, resulting possibly in a loss of membership. The High-Price Scenario foresees Arab Light declining to $26 a barrel by 1987, remaining there until 1990, and then increasing by the rate of inflation to $36.47 by 1995. An environment of simultaneous rapid economic expansion and spiraling inflation would make this scenario probable.
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Weathersby, Rita. "Developing a Global Perspective: A Crucial “Changing of Our Minds”." Journal of Management Education 16, no. 4_suppl (December 1992): 10–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1052562992016004021.
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For all the contradiction of the present-day world, for all the diversity of social and political systems in it, and for all the different choices made by the nations in different times, this world is never-the-less one whole. We are all passengers aboard one ship, the Earth, and we must not allow it to be wrecked. There will be no second Noah's Ark. -Mikhail Gorbachev, Perestroika (1987, p. 12)
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Yahner, Richard, Russell Hutnik, and Stephen Liscinsky. "Bird Populations Associated with an Electric Transmission Right-of-Way." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 28, no. 3 (May 1, 2002): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2002.018.
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A 2-year study of bird populations was conducted along a 230-kV transmission line right-of-way (ROW) in spring (June) and summer (August) 2000 and 2001. Forty-four species were observed on the ROW during 2000 and 2001. In 1987 and 1988 combined, 39 species were noted on the ROW; thus, bird populations have changed relatively little over the past 13 to 14 years. In both 2000 and 2001, slightly more species occurred on the ROW in summer (n = 26-32) than in spring (n = 25-26), and considerably fewer species were noted in the adjacent forest in both spring (n = 8-13) and summer (n = 7). Common bird species (50 individuals/100 ha/day) on the ROW were those adapted to brushy or early successional habitat. Most species were found in the low-volume basal spray and foliage spray units (n = 29 and 28 species, respectively), and fewest species were noted in the handcutting unit (n = 19 species). Considerably more bird species were observed in border zones than in wire zones of the ROW in 2000 and 2001 combined (n = 39 versus 17 species, respectively). Moreover, abundance of all bird species combined was nearly fourfold higher in border zones (1,530 individual birds/100 ha/day) than in wire zones (393 birds/100 ha/day). Thus, the border zone is a very important habitat for birds along a ROW, with its combination of shrub-forb-grass cover type.
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Majdzińska-Koczorowicz, Aleksandra. "Animals are the homeless: A portrayal of sea ice dependent animals losing their natural habitat. A cognitive linguistics-oriented analysis of chosen climate change awareness raising campaigns." Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 19, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpp-2023-0006.
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Abstract The text aims at discussing the verbo-visual means of expression employed in three climate change-related campaigns in the context of their effectiveness. The chosen climate change awareness raising campaigns by two non-governmental organisations, EcoEduca and World Wide Fund for Nature Inc. (WWF), deal with the results of Arctic permafrost thaw resulting in the loss of sea ice dependent animals’ habitat. A cognitive linguistics oriented analysis refers to the theory of metaphor (Lakoff and Johnson 1980, Forceville 1996, Kövecses 2002, 2014), conceptual blending (Fauconnier and Turner 2003), and construal (Langacker 1987, 2008). The visual layer will also be described with reference to a grammar approach to visual communication (Kress and Van Leeuwen 1996, 2001, Machin 2010).
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Riehle, Michael D., and J. S. Griffith. "Changes in Habitat Use and Feeding Chronology of Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Fall and the Onset of Winter in Silver Creek, Idaho." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 10 (October 1, 1993): 2119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-237.
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We assessed changes in density, distribution, and microhabitat of age-0 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Silver Creek, a partially spring-fed stream, by periodic snorkeling in August 1987 through January 1988. We examined trout stomach contents and invertebrate drift samples in diel collections in August, September, October, and January to test if the period of feeding shifted from daytime to nighttime, concurrent with a transition to day concealment. In late September, fish aggregated briefly during the day and then began to conceal themselves in macrophyte beds, undercut banks, and submerged sedges and grasses along streambanks as temperature dropped below 8 °C in early October. Fish emerged from concealment at night, and numbers of trout visible were greatest 30–60 min after sunset and about 30 min before sunrise. Periods of peak feeding changed from afternoon and evening in August and September, when fish were day active, to mainly at night in October after the initiation of day concealment. Trout did not feed upon abundant chironomids in the daytime drift in October. In January, fish fed at 1–4 °C on mayflies, and stomachs were fullest in the early morning. Observations suggest that Silver Creek trout experienced a metabolic deficit that began in September.
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Da Ponte, Emmanuel, Monserrat García-Calabrese, Jennifer Kriese, Nestor Cabral, Lidia Perez de Molas, Magali Alvarenga, Arami Caceres, et al. "Understanding 34 Years of Forest Cover Dynamics across the Paraguayan Chaco: Characterizing Annual Changes and Forest Fragmentation Levels between 1987 and 2020." Forests 13, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13010025.
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Over the past 40 years, Paraguay has lost the majority of its natural forest cover, thus becoming one of the countries with the highest deforestation rates in the world. The rapid expansion of the agricultural frontier, cattle ranching, and illegal logging between 1987 and 2012 resulted in the loss of 27% of original forest cover, equivalent to almost 44,000 km2. Within this context, the present research provides the first yearly analysis of forest cover change in the Paraguayan Chaco between the years 1987 and 2020. Remote sensing data obtained from Landsat images were applied to derive annual forest cover masks and deforestation rates over 34 years. Part of this study is a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of protected areas, as well as an analysis of the degree of fragmentation of the forest. All classification results obtained accuracies above 80% and revealed a total forest cover loss of approximately 64,700 km2. Forest clearing within protected areas was not frequent; however, some natural reserves presented losses of up to 25% of their forest cover. Through the consideration of several landscape metrics, this study reveals an onward fragmentation of forest cover, which endangers the natural habitat of numerous species.
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Magurran, Anne E., and Maria Dornelas. "Biological diversity in a changing world." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1558 (November 27, 2010): 3593–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0296.
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From the pioneering explorations of Joseph Banks (later a President of the Royal Society), to the present day, a great deal has been learnt about the extent, distribution and stability of biological diversity in the world. We now know that diverse life can be found even in the most inhospitable places. We have also learned that biological diversity changes through time over both large and small temporal scales. These natural changes track environmental conditions, and reflect ecological and evolutionary processes. However, anthropogenic activities, including overexploitation, habitat loss and climate change, are currently causing profound transformations in ecosystems and unprecedented loss of biological diversity. This series of papers considers temporal variation in biological diversity, examines the extent of human-related change relative to underlying natural change and builds on these insights to develop tools and policies to help guide us towards a sustainable future.
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Bosselmann, Klaus, and Prue Taylor. "The New Zealand law and conservation." Pacific Conservation Biology 2, no. 1 (1995): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc950113.
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New Zealand, like many countries concerned with conservation issues, is reforming its legislation to provide more comprehensive protection of biological diversity and individual species. The basic aim is simple: if you want to protect animals and plants you have to protect their habitat. The problem is, of course, that humans share the very same habitat. How then can the right balance between use and protection be found? Of the principal Acts guiding the protection and preservation of land, animals and plants (such as the 1953 Wildlife Act or the 1987 Conservation Act) the 1991 Resource Management Act (RMA) marks an important turning-point. It aims to integrate development and conservation. The RMA promotes sustainable management of natural and physical resources. Any destruction of, damage to, or disturbance of, the habitats of plants and animals on land, in coastal marine areas and in lakes and rivers is seen as unsustainable, thus to be avoided.The use of the concept of sustainability is a first in national legislation and makes the RMA a leader around the world. However, its successful enforcement is ultimately a matter of changed attitudes. Here the law can only give some guidance.
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House, Robert A., and Paul L. Boehne. "The Effect of Stream Cleaning on Salmonid Habitat and Populations in a Coastal Oregon Drainage." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 2, no. 3 (July 1, 1987): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/2.3.84.
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Abstract Habitat conditions and use by anadromous salmonids were evaluated in five reaches of Upper Lobster Creek, a major stream system in the central Oregon Coast Range, to determine the effect of different levels of stream cleaning. Stream clearance associated with post-World War II logging practices and a 100-year flood event that occured in 1964 severely altered channel configurations and loading patterns of large woody debris. This caused the subsequent removal of log jams. An uncleaned reach had large amounts of woody debris and the highest density of pools, greatest percentage of off-channel habitat, and highest salmonid use. In contrast, a totally cleaned reach had the lowest density of pools and lowest salmonid use. Rehabilitated sections of a reach that had been partially cleaned showed increases in density of pools and salmonid use compared to the remainder of the partially cleaned reach. Retention of standing timber in the riparian zone and maintenance in instream accumulations of large woody debris is recommended to allow streams to reach their productive potential for anadromous salmonids. West. J. Appl. For. 2(3):84-87, July 1987.
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Filogonio, Renato, Fernanda S. Del Lama, Leonardo L. Machado, Michelle Drumond, Isabella Zanon, Nathália A. Mezzetti, and Conrado A. B. Galdino. "Daily activity and microhabitat use of sympatric lizards from Serra do Cipó, southeastern Brazil." Iheringia. Série Zoologia 100, no. 4 (December 2010): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0073-47212010000400008.
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We studied the influence of seasonality on the daily activity pattern and microhabitat use of three sympatric lizard species, Cnemidophorus ocellifer Spix, 1825 (Teiidae), Tropidurus montanus Rodrigues, 1987 and Eurolophosaurus nanuzae (Rodrigues, 1981) (Tropiduridae), in an area of campos rupestres (rocky fields) habitat in state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Cnemidophorus ocellifer exhibited low density and activity concentrated within the hottest hours of the day, and was observed mainly on shaded rocks. Tropidurus montanus and E. nanuzae had similar activity patterns that did not vary between seasons. Activity of T. montanus was related to environmental temperatures. However, we did not find such relationships for E. nanuzae during the dry season. Both T. montanus and E. nanuzae were sighted mainly on exposed rocks. Extension of activity varied between seasons, shorter for C. ocellifer and longer for T. montanus and E. nanuzae during the rainy season.
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Hendricks, Paul, Joseph Johnson, Susan Lenard, and Coburn Currier. "Use of a Bridge for Day Roosting by the Hoary Bat, Lasiurus cinereus." Canadian Field-Naturalist 119, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v119i1.92.
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The Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus) is a migratory species with the widest distribution of all New World bats. It is a solitary species that roosts during the day and night primarily among tree foliage. During a survey of 130 highway structures (bridges and culverts) in south central Montana for evidence of use by bats, we discovered a female Hoary Bat with young in mid July 2003 using a wooden bridge as a day roost. This is the first report of Hoary Bats using a bridge as roosting habitat.
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Kurugundla, C. N., B. Mathangwane, S. Sakuringwa, and G. Katorah. "Alien Invasive Aquatic Plant Species in Botswana: Historical Perspective and Management." Open Plant Science Journal 9, no. 1 (June 14, 2016): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874294701609010001.
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Aquatic ecosystems in Botswana have been under threat by the aquatic alien invasive plant species viz., salvinia Salvinia molesta Mitchell, water lettuce Pistia stratiotes L., and water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laub. While salvinia has been termed the major threat to the Botswana wetlands, water lettuce and water hyacinth are considered to be of minor importance. This review presents the species biology, distribution, historical spread, negative impacts, control achieved right from their discovery in the country by referring to their control and management in the world. Having infested the Kwando-Linyanti-Chobe Rivers in the 1970s, salvinia was initially tried by the use of herbicides, paraquat and glyphosate, between 1972 and 1976. With the discovery of the host specific biological control weevil Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands in 1981, the weevil was introduced by Namibians on Kwando and Chobe Rivers in 1983 and by Botswana in 1986 in the Okavango Delta. While the control was slowly establishing in Kwando-Linyanti-Chobe Rivers, it became apparent that lakes and perennial swamps within and outside Moremi Game Reserve of the Okavango Delta were infested with salvinia from 1992 onwards. With continuous and sustained liberation of the weevil in the Kwando-Linyanti-Chobe Rivers and in the Okavango Delta between 1999 and 2000, salvinia control was achieved by 2003, and since then the weevil constantly keeps the weed at low levels. The success is mainly due to sustainable monitoring through the application of physical and biological control methods. However, salvinia is still threatening the Okavango Delta due to factors such as tourism activities, boat navigation fishing and transporttion by wild animals. The first occurrence of water lettuce was recorded on Kwando and Chobe Rivers in 1986. Its biocontrol weevil Neohydronomous affinis Hustache was released in the year 1987. The weevil became extinct in Selinda Canal and Zibadianja Lake on Kwando River due to dry and wet events for over 10 years and the weed had been under control biologically on Chobe River. Having surface covered the Selinda and a part of the Zibadianja in high flood and rainfall in 1999/2000 season, research was undertaken to contain water lettuce, which led to its eradication by 2005. Regular physical removal of the water lettuce prior to fruit maturity is an effective method of control or eradicating the weed in seasonal water bodies. The Limpopo Basin (shared by Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Mozambique) has become vulnerable to water hyacinth infestation. Water hyacinth infested the trans-boundary Limpopo River in 2010 sourced from Hartbeesport Dam on Crocodile River in South Africa. Botswana and South Africa have been consulting each other to implement integrated control of the weed jointly in the Limpopo River. Water hyacinth could be a continuous threat to the dams and the rivers in the Limpopo basin if its control is not taken seriously. These three species are found growing in Botswana in a range of pH between 4.5 and 10.3 and in the range of conductivities between 20 and 580 µS cm-1. Range of soluble nitrates, phosphates and potassium in the habitats of salvinia infestations were 0.02 to 1.5, 0.01 to 1.78 and 0.3 to 6.92 mg L-1 respectively. Water lettuce infestation in the seasonal Selinda Canal had a maximum of 4.7 mg L-1 nitrates, 2.8 mg L-1 phosphates and 7.9 mg L-1 potassium. Nevertheless, these three nutrients were in the range of 0.41 to 9.56 mg L-1, 0.2 to 2.9 mg L-1, and 7.7 to 11.53 mg L-1 respectively in the Limpopo River where water hyacinth infestations were observed. These nutrients were considerably high during decomposition phase of biological control of weeds. The Government of Botswana “regulates the movement and importation of boats and aquatic apparatus, to prevent the importation and spread of aquatic weeds both within and from the neighboring countries” by “Aquatic Weed (Control) Act” implemented in 1986. These measures, combined with communities, conservation groups, NGOs and public awareness campaigns, have highlighted the gravity of aquatic weeds spreading into wetlands, dams and other water bodies. In conclusion, the Government of Botswana is committed and supportive through the Department of Water Affairs in protecting the wetlands of the country efficiently and prudently.
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Peletz, Michael G. "Malaysia's Syariah Judiciary as Global Assemblage: Islamization, Corporatization, and Other Transformations in Context." Comparative Studies in Society and History 55, no. 3 (June 26, 2013): 603–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417513000261.
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AbstractThis essay concerns transformations in the judicial apparatus involved in implementing Islamic law (syariah/shari‘a) in Malaysia, a Muslim-majority nation in Southeast Asia. Three of my goals are to delineate some of the empirical complexities of thesyariahjudiciary's day-to-day operations and the mutually contradictory directions in which it is moving; to problematize the widely invoked trope of Islamization as a gloss for these phenomena; and to illustrate that this judiciary is profitably viewed as a global assemblage (Deleuze and Guattari 1987; Ong and Collier 2005). Another, more general, objective is to elucidate some of the ways that religion, law, and attendant phenomena are being bureaucratized, rationalized, corporatized, and otherwise transformed in an increasingly globalized world.
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GEISE, L., N. GOMES, and R. CERQUEIRA. "Behaviour, habitat use and population size of Sotalia fluviatilis (Gervais, 1853) (Cetacea, Delphinidae) in the Cananéia estuary region, São Paulo, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Biologia 59, no. 2 (May 1999): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-71081999000200002.
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From March 1987 to February 1988, Sotalia fluviatilis population size was estimated and behavioral patterns were observed in the Cananéia estuary region, in Southeast Brazil. Field observations were carried out from shore (40, with a mean observation period of 7.76 ± 2.05 hours a day, completing a total of 310.5 hours) and during line transect surveys by boat (55, 10 of them with a mean observation period of 4.44 ± 0.15 hours each and 45 with a mean observation time of 20 minutes, in the totality 64.3 hours). Dolphins occur in this region all year round, most commonly in small groups, with a greater number observed in January 1988, with no seasonal occurrence pattern. Pairs accounted for ca. 30% and calves were seen year round, always accompanied by one or more adults. Juveniles were slightly more common from July to February. More dolphins were seen from 9:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. (60.8%) until midday. From fourteen behavioral patterns identified, travelling (46.8%) and feeding (33.9%) were the most frequently observed. Group size and composition differed in each behavioral pattern. Diurnal migration was observed, related with hour and not to tide conditions. Dolphins were seen throughout the estuary. For the whole survey area, population density <FONT FACE="Symbol">(<img src="http:/img/fbpe/rbbio/v59n2/fd.gif"></FONT>) was 3.38 ± 1.76 individuals/km², dolphin abundance was found to be 704.8± 367.7 along 10 line transect from April 1987 from, where 82 km were surveyed. In Trapandé Bay, the largest part of the studied area, <FONT FACE="Symbol"><img src="http:/img/fbpe/rbbio/v59n2/fd.gif"></FONT>equaled 12.4 ± 10.3 individuals/km² in the morning and 16.4 ± 13.8 individuals/km² in the afternoon.
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Watiniasih, Ni Luh, and Mufadilatur Rohmah. "The Daily Activities of Sun Bear (Helarctos malayanus, Ursidae) in Bali Animal Rescue Center." Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 2, no. 2 (November 6, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/atbes.2018.v02.i02.p05.
Full textAbstract:
Sun Bear (Helarctos malayanus) is found in Indonesia such as in Sumatra and Kalimantan. Helarctos malayanus is the smallest bear in the world and listed as vulnerable animal. Baloo is a sun bear that is rescued and raised at Bali Animal Rescue Centre located in Tabanan Bali. Before it will be released to the natural habitat, it is important to understand its behaviour, so it will be survived in their natural habitat. This study aimed to investigate the daily activity of sun bear rais at Bali Animal Rescue Centre. Research has been conducted at Bali Animal Rescue Centre from 2nd – 26th January 2019. Observation o daily activities of sun bear was conducted from 08.00 – 16.00 local time. It has been found that most of daily time was spent on grooming (35%), followed by feeding/eating (27%), moving (26%), and stationary (24%). Baloo has hardly found vocalized or defacate/urinate. Baloo was resting around 11.00 am and active feeding/eating along the day as well as moving. She moved a lot at 08.00 am, as she was provisioned by the carer, less moving in the middle of the day (12.00 am) and before resting at 17.00 pm. The variation of time spent on the daily activities of the sun bear at the rescue center can be used as reference before she will be release to its natural habitat.
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Dawson, D. R., and W. M. Koster. "Habitat use and movements of Australian grayling (Prototroctes maraena) in a Victorian coastal stream." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 8 (2018): 1259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17198.
Full textAbstract:
Riverine fishes are among the most imperilled fauna in the world; however, for many species, there is little or no understanding of their ecological requirements. The Australian grayling (Prototroctes maraena) is a small diadromous fish endemic to rivers in south-eastern Australia that has declined considerably in range and abundance and is listed as threatened nationally. To improve understanding of the species’ movement ecology and to inform the development of conservation management actions, we examined the day-to-day movements and habitat use of Australian grayling (n=7) over 8 weeks by using radio-telemetry. Tagged individuals of Australian grayling typically occupied restricted (i.e. tens to hundreds of metres) reaches of stream, and were mostly located in moderate- to fast-flowing habitats (i.e. glide or run), although, at night, use of slower-flowing habitats (i.e. pools) increased. They also undertook longer-distance downstream movements during a period of increased streamflow. Incorporation of such information into management strategies has the potential to improve our capacity to maintain or re-instate the conditions required to conserve and restore Australian grayling populations.
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Merolla, Daniela. "Filming African Creation Myths." Religion and the Arts 13, no. 4 (2009): 521–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/107992609x12524941450082.
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AbstractAfrican film directors have made use of mythology and oral storytelling in countless circumstances. These filmmakers have explored the core role that orality plays in ideas of African identity and used mythological themes as allegorical forms in order to address present-day issues while working under dictatorial regimes. They have turned to mythology and oral storytelling because of their determination to convey an African philosophical approach to the world, often to counter the colonial and neo-colonial oversimplification of African cultures seen as bereft of grand narratives on the self and the world. Identity construction, critical allegorical messages, and philosophical approaches are discussed in this paper by looking at the interplay between verbal narrative and images in two “epic” films: Keïta, l'héritage du Griot (1995) directed by Dani Kouyaté, and Yeelen (1987) directed by Souleymane Cissé.
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Trivedi, Purva. "Positive Impact of Wind Energy on Environment - A Review." Journal of Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources 8, no. 2 (July 27, 2022): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/joares.2022.v08i02.005.
Full textAbstract:
This is the era of urbanization and industrialization. Since the beginning of industrialization and urbanization the energy demand has increased because energy consumption has also increased and it is increasing every day. For electrical energy generation world is still more dependent on fossil fuels. In the process of electricity generation, fossil fuels are burned, they release large amount of harmful pollutants in atmosphere which disturbs ecosystem and habitat on earth. Hence renewable energy expected to play vital role in preventing environmental pollution. In this paper, the impact of using wind energy source for electricity generation has been analyzed.
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Polunin, Nicholas, and Jacques Grinevald. "Vernadsky and Biospheral Ecology." Environmental Conservation 15, no. 2 (1988): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900028915.
Full textAbstract:
The concept of The Biosphere as the integrated living and life-supporting system comprising the peripheral envelope of planet Earth together with its surrounding atmosphere so far down, and up, as any form of life exists naturally, stems from the writings of V.I. Vernadsky in the 1920s but has only emerged and become widely accepted in the latest decades. Yet it is quite one of the largest and most important entities with which humans have to deal, being, moreover, the only natural habitat and life-support of Mankind and Nature and, as such, needful of safeguarding and healthful maintenance.No other meaning than the above should be attached to the term Biosphere, the importance of which concept and actuality being such that it should be far more widely known than is currently the case — to which end a small conference was held in 1987 and a larger one is contemplated in 1990 on the theme of Threats to The Biosphere and Imperative Countermeasures.Other activities on behalf of The Biosphere include the ‘Johnny Biosphere’ media campaign of Dr John R. Vallentyne, those of The World Campaign for The Biosphere and its sponsoring World Council For The Biosphere, and the newly-established [International] Vernadsky Foundation which it is hoped will have, as one of its main objectives, the fostering of due reverence for life in its full Biospheral context.
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Henle, Klaus. "Ecological segregation in a subterranean reptile assemblage in arid Australia." Amphibia-Reptilia 10, no. 3 (1989): 277–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853889x00430.
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AbstractThe organisation of the subterranean component of an arid zone reptile community was studies in Kinchega National Park (Eastern Australia) from September 1985 to May 1987. Three species of fossorial or semifossorial lizards and two species of snakes were found in Kinchega. All species were habitat generalists, but microhabitat, food size and food taxon clearly separated them. All species were primarily nocturnal although Lerista xanthura was occasionally active during the day. All three lizard species were active from September to May. Activity of Eremiascincus richardsonii and L. xanthura were significantly correlated with monthly mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures. The optimum temperature of L. punctatovittata was 28.8 °C in daytime retreats. Biomass ranged from 505-900 g/ha in E. richardsonii and from 968-1152 g/ha in L. punctatovittata. All three lizard species produced only one clutch per year. L. punctatovittata and E. richardsonii reached sexual maturity at the end of their second year, L. xanthura matured in its first year. The data show that subterranean lizard guilds have a different structure than diurnal and non-fossorial noctunal lizard assemblies. The data also indicate a correlation of late maturity and low reproductive effort in fossorial lizards.
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Malvezzi, Mariana, and Tassara Tassara. "Autonomy and Emancipation: The Challenge of Identity Construction." Psychology and Mental Health Care 4, no. 1 (January 28, 2020): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2637-8892/051.
Full textAbstract:
Identity acts as a nucleus to the subject's references, their memories, their choices of life, to the construction of their history. Identity is, therefore, a minimal cellular basis from which life develops in its poetics of creation. The construction of identity thus has potential for the development of a critique, the establishment of a grammar of rules and conditions, for standing before the world. The path towards emancipation implies in exercising an external look at one's identity, the inherent existing narrative, to discover the paradigm of the minimum base from which one's life develops. With the increasing complexity of the postcolonial world, no straight or easy answer is at hand. The effort should draw towards the construction of conceptual tools that can enable reflection and critique. The humanities education, is one possible tool towards autonomy and emancipation once it encourages knowledge, construction and appraisal. The reflections brought to light through this work intends to fertilize the discussions about identity construction in the Brazilian present day context, characterized by a discourse that foster ruptures and decreases the possibilities of one’s identity. For this purpose, the current challenge of emancipation, will be developed through 6 analytical semantic dimensions which express the diversity and complexity of the actual scenario: Understanding identity, (CIAMPA, 1987; RICOEUR, 1990), as the synthetic goal of existence has the dynamism to give new possibilities to the frontier-men (HARTOG, 2004; LEVINÁS, 1972), whose challenge is the gain of consciousness of one’s own movement in the world. Marked by perversity (HONNETH, 2003) the present world enforces political, social, motivational, and subjective domination (CASTORIADIS, 1987). This scenario compels the frontier-men towards an emptied signifier alienating his possibilities of recognition. The search for emancipation (HABERMAS, 1983) asks for a critical look at the current formation of people's strategic thinking.
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Holmes, Richard A., and Abul F. M. Shamsuddin. "Short- and Long-Term Effects of World Exposition 1986 on US Demand for British Columbia Tourism." Tourism Economics 3, no. 2 (June 1997): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135481669700300203.
Full textAbstract:
This study is an attempt to evaluate the short- and long-term economic effects of World Exposition 1986 on US demand for British Columbia tourism by integrating Box-Jenkins time series analysis with the theory of consumer demand. The number of more-than-one-day US visitors to British Columbia is used as the measure of demand. Intervention and transfer function models are employed for the estimates which are made separately for US visitors arriving by car, automobile and by plane. The conclusions drawn are that during the six months of Expo 86, an additional 1.58 million more-than-one-day US visitors were attracted to British Columbia (1.41 million by automobile and 0.17 million by aeroplane). The long-term or post-Expo effects of Expo 86 are found to be very large (probably larger in total than the short-term economic benefits). These long-term economic benefits result from the post-Expo visitors who have returned to British Columbia as a result of the world-wide exposure of the Vancouver area by the fair. We have considered only more-than-one-day US visitors to Expo 86 (only part of all visitors to the fair) and only the 1987–93 post-Expo time period, and with that limited visitor group, and that limited time period, we still find long-term economic benefits of $428.9 million (about half the estimated total short-term economic benefits). These estimates take account of the effects of changes in the US–Canada foreign exchange rate, the US travel price index, the BC travel price index and US personal disposable income over the 1981–93 period.
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Sergeyeva, Natalia, Alexei Gvishiani, Anatoly Soloviev, Lyudmila Zabarinskaya, Tamara Krylova, Mikhail Nisilevich, and Roman Krasnoperov. "Historical <i>K</i> index data collection of Soviet magnetic observatories, 1957–1992." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 5 (May 11, 2021): 1987–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1987-2021.
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Abstract. The K index is one of the oldest universal indices of geomagnetic activity, introduced in 1938 by Julius Bartels, that is still being widely used. Up to the present day, long-term time series of homogeneous K index records have been accumulated at data repositories all over the world. The multidecadal practice of its application makes it an indispensable source of information for the retrospective analysis of solar–terrestrial interaction for nearly eight solar cycles. Most significantly, while studying the historical geomagnetic data, K index data sheets are in certain cases far easier for automated analysis than the conventional analogue magnetograms. The presented collection includes the results of the K index determination at 41 geomagnetic observatories of the former USSR for the period from July 1957 to the early 1990s. This unique collection was formed at the World Data Center for Solar-Terrestrial Physics in Moscow. The historical data, which are offered to the international scientific community, cover the second half of the 20th century and can be used for the retrospective analysis and study of geomagnetic events in the past, as well as for data validation or forecasting (Sergeyeva et al., 2020). The dataset is available at: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.922233, last access: 16 September 2020.
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Fahay, Michael P., and Kenneth W. Able. "White hake, Urophycis tenuis, in the Gulf of Maine: spawning seasonality, habitat use, and growth in young of the year and relationships to the Scotian Shelf population." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 7 (July 1, 1989): 1715–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-245.
Full textAbstract:
Our interpretation of the pattern of white hake spawning seasonality, habitat use, and growth of young of the year in the Gulf of Maine – Georges Bank area is based on analyses of extensive collections of early life history stages during 1984–1987 and on comparisons with studies conducted in Canadian waters. Eggs or larvae of Urophycis tenuis were not found at any time in the study area, but pelagic juveniles were abundant in May–June and size distributions indicated a shoreward migration with growth. Recruitment to nearshore areas was detected in June–July and the rate of growth for demersal juveniles was calculated to average 1.02 mm/day in the first summer. Spawning of this species during August–September on the Scotian Shelf does not appear to influence the Gulf of Maine population but, instead, appears to involve a separate stock with a different spawning schedule. It is concluded that spawning in continental slope regions south of the Scotian Shelf, Georges Bank, and southern New England during early spring results in recruitment to nearshore areas of the Gulf of Maine and southern New England. This spawning event also provides pelagic juveniles to the Scotian Shelf prior to the onset of local spawning there.
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Morin, Bernard, Christiane Hudon, and Frederick Whoriskey. "Seasonal distribution, abundance, and life-history traits of Greenland cod, Gadus ogac, at Wemindji, eastern James Bay." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 3061–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-430.
Full textAbstract:
Greenland cod populations near Wemindji, eastern James Bay, were studied in 1987 and 1988 to describe the species' general ecology and life-history characteristics. During the summer, they principally occupied shallow (2–5 m) coastal waters. This habitat was characterized by a belt of eelgrass (Zostera marina) at depths of 1–3 m, salinities between 20 and 23‰, and temperatures of 3–20 °C. Daily trap catches were highly variable, and more fish were caught at night than during the day. In winter, more cod were found inshore, in the estuary, than in coastal waters. This movement corresponds to the completion of sexual maturity; spawning occurs in April to June. Growth rate was linear for males and females. The age at maturity was 3 years and no trade-off was observed between growth and reproduction. Greenland cod spawned every year, and the maximum age was 9 years. Life-history variables for Greenland cod differ from those of most arctic benthic fishes; this species shows rapid growth, high fecundity, low age at maturity, and high mortality. These characteristics may represent important adaptations allowing cod to sustain life in James Bay coastal waters, where environmental conditions are different from those in arctic waters.
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Petersen, Kristin, Anne-Katrin Eggert, Michael Will, and Scott Sakaluk. "Acoustic Signaling in Sagebrush Crickets: A Test of the Territorial Hypothesis." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 15 (January 1, 1991): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1991.3007.
Full textAbstract:
The sagebrush cricket, Cyphoderris strepitans, is one of only five extant species belonging to an ancient insect lineage, the Haglidae, believed to be ancestral to modern-day crickets and katydids (Orthoptera: Ensifera) (Morris and Gwynne 1978). C. strepitans occurs exclusively in mountainous areas of Wyoming and Colorado, where it is found primarily in high-altitude sagebrush meadow habitat. Adults become sexually active in May, shortly after snowmelt, and remain active for the next 4-6 weeks. Each night of the breeding season, males emerge from the soil litter shortly after sunset, climb into the sagebrush and begin to sing, presumably to attract sexually receptive females. Copulation is initiated when a receptive female climbs onto the dorsum of a male, at which time he attempts to transfer a spermatophore. During copulation, the female feeds on the male's fleshy metathoracic wings and ingests any haemolymph leaking from the wounds she inflicts (Sakaluk et al. 1987, Morris et al. 1989, Sakaluk and Snedden 1990). The wounds that result from wing feeding provide a convenient, permanent record of a male's mating status; through visual inspection of the metathoracic wings, it is possible to determine whether field-collected males are virgin or have mated at least once prior to their capture (Dodson et al. 1983, Morris et al. 1989).
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Pachuau, Lalsangkima. "Evolving theology of mission: Its conceptualization, development, and contributions." Theology Today 73, no. 4 (January 2017): 349–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040573616669564.
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“Should we stop using the term ‘Mission’?” asked Klauspeter Blaser in his 1987 article. The crisis in mission in the second half of the 20th century, well accounted by historians of missions, had led to what Lamin Sanneh famously called “the Western guilt complex” about missions. Reviewing the conceptual development of the missionary enterprise, this article makes some historical-theological interpretations of the missionary enterprise since the later half of the 20th century and argues that the concept and practice of mission have changed and we are in a new day of missiological renewal. Arguably, missiology can now be seen as providing a hub of global theological trends, especially in the light of the theology behind missio Dei and the emerging contextual theologies at the dawn of world Christianity.
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Finch, Katherine, and Amy Humphreys. "Day Time Activity Budgets, Height Utilization and Husbandry of Two Zoo-Housed Goodfellow’s Tree Kangaroos (Dendrolagus goodfellowi buergersi)." Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 3, no. 1 (March 4, 2022): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jzbg3010009.
Full textAbstract:
Goodfellow’s tree kangaroos (Dendrolagus goodfellowi) are an endangered, arboreal macropod native to the lower, mid-montane rainforests of Papua New Guinea. Despite a number of holders keeping D. goodfellowi in zoos across the world, there is a lack of recent published work on this species. Here, we present daytime activity budgets, document height use and provide husbandry information for two Goodfellow’s tree kangaroos (Dendrolagus goodfellowi buergersi) housed at Chester Zoo, UK. Throughout the observation period, both individuals spent the majority of their time resting within the environment but also spent time engaging in vigilance, travel and feeding behaviour. Additionally, despite the age and sex differences of the study individuals, both animals used the highest height level in the indoor habitat most frequently. We aim to share our information and encourage knowledge transfer with other holders, to both increase understanding and promote evidence-based management of this species.
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Wrege, Peter H., W. David Shuford, David W. Winkler, and Robert Jellison. "Annual Variation in Numbers of Breeding California Gulls at Mono Lake, California: the Importance of Natal Philopatry and Local and Regional Conditions." Condor 108, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/108.1.82.
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Abstract The California Gull (Larus californicus) breeding colony at Mono Lake, California, is the second largest in the world, but its size can fluctuate annually by >45%. We examined six groups of factors that potentially could affect the numbers of pairs nesting each year, including availability of nesting habitat, numbers of potential breeding gulls, environmental conditions along the Pacific coast in the preceding winter, spring conditions at the lake, food availability at the lake, and prior breeding experience. Four variables explained >80% of the variation in the numbers of breeding gulls at Mono Lake between 1987 and 2003: the potential number of four-year-old gulls returning to the lake to breed for the first time, winter coastal conditions associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, density of endemic brine shrimp (Artemia monica) close to the time of egg-laying, and mean temperature in the month before egg-laying. Of the four factors the latter two, which reflect local conditions near the time of egg-laying, had the most profound direct effect on the numbers of breeding gulls. Yearly variation in the snow pack and spring runoff affects brine shrimp numbers through changes in limnological conditions, thus regional climate patterns may indirectly influence gull numbers.
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Martz, John D. "Electoral Campaigning and Latin American Democratization: The Grancolombian Experience." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 32, no. 1 (1990): 17–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/166128.
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Does electoral campaigning in Latin America make a difference, and does it merit the attention of scholars? This was at the core of an extensive bibliographic analysis, published nearly two decades ago, which noted the paucity of literature on the subject, extending throughout the Third World and even including Western Europe (Martz, 1971). However, the rising tide of military authoritarianism dramatically reduced the relevance of the question in the region, and students of Latin American politics turned away, understandably, from concerted attention to campaigns, elections, and parties. Only with the reemergence of democratic regimes in recent years has interest turned back toward older emphases (Martz, 1990). Once again, theoretical developments have been colored by the events of the day, reorienting scholarly attention “from the military overthrow of civilian regimes and Latin American authoritarianism toward the prospects and processes of redemocratization” (Malloy, 1987).
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Barahona-Pike, Danilo, Victoria Posas-Medina, Ronal Perez-Alvarado, Edgar Ramos, and Cesar Humberto Ortega-Jimenez. "Solar HDH Desalination for Coastal Hotels: Literature Review and Research Trend." MATEC Web of Conferences 293 (2019): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929305001.
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Water is essential for the hotel industry, its disposition is key to ensure the viability of the tourism sector that grows disproportionately day by day plus the scarcity of water in the world, this situation forces hotels to find alternatives to meet the demand for water. One of the preferred alternatives is solar water desalination. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate through this first literature review whether solar desalination is a viable technique to meet the demand of potable water in a medium-sized hotel in a coastal area. We conducted a review of the literature published between 1987 and 2018, the subject of which is solar HDH desalination. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were formulated and applied to determine the most relevant studies to achieve the purpose of this research. The review found that solar desalination can be feasible to apply in hotels if they have large amounts of land for installation or the demand for water is not large. However, there are more economic methods to desalinate water while at the same time producing more water with similar sizes of facilities. Such results have practical implication for the use of the systems of hotels in general.
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Pacey, Philip. "‘A grapevine round the world’: the development, through 25 years, of the international role of ARLIS/UK & Ireland." Art Libraries Journal 19, no. 3 (1994): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200008956.
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Between 1969 and 1979, while it was establishing itself, ARLIS attracted the attention of art librarians in other countries, publicised and encouraged their activities, and in particular developed a close relationship with the new ARLIS/NA (ARLIS/North America). This phase culminated, in 1976, in the launch of the Art Libraries Journal, and in the organisation of an international conference at Brighton which inaugurated a new era of collaboration between art librarians around the world, initial plans for an ‘ARLIS International’ being put aside in favour of working within the framework of IFLA. ARLIS subsequently participated in the activities of the IFLA Round Table of Art Librarians and its successor, the IFLA Section of Art Libraries. More recently, ARLIS responded to the growth of an international community of art librarians by changing its name to ARLIS/UK & Eire (and later to ARLIS/UK & Ireland) and by relaunching the Art Libraries Journal; the winding up of its International Committee, far from representing a decline in the Society’s international activities, was a logical consequence of the fact that an international outlook had come to pervade virtually all of its work. ARLIS/UK & Eire hosted the IFLA Section of Art Libraries Pre-Conference at Brighton in 1987, and the Section’s Fourth European Conference, at Oxford, in 1992. While international activities may sometimes seem remote from the day-to-day work of art libraries, most British art librarians probably do now recognise the value of’a grapevine round the world’; furthermore, by ‘acting locally’ we are all helping to build the larger world of art librarianship.
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Petford, Melissa Anne, and Graham John Alexander. "Potential range shifts and climatic refugia of rupicolous reptiles in a biodiversity hotspot of South Africa." Environmental Conservation 48, no. 4 (November 22, 2021): 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892921000370.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryClimate change is causing the geographical ranges of some species to track suitable conditions. Habitat specialists, range-restricted species and species with limited dispersal abilities may be unable to track changing conditions, increasing their extinction risk. In response to changing conditions and species movement patterns, there is a need to account for the effects of climate change when designing protected areas and identifying potential climate refugia. We used ecological niche models projected into future climates to identify potential impacts of climate change on the distribution of 11 rupicolous reptile species in the Soutpansberg Mountains, South Africa. Lygodactylus incognitus, Lygodactylus soutpansbergensis, Platysaurus relictus and Vhembelacerta rupicola were identified as being vulnerable to climate change due to substantial reductions in suitable habitat and low spatial overlap between current and future niche envelopes. We identified areas of high conservation importance for the persistence of these species under present-day and projected future conditions. The western Soutpansberg was identified as an area of high conservation priority as it is a potential refuge under future projections. Projecting distributions of vulnerable species into future climate predictions can guide future research and identify potential refugia that will best conserve species with restricted ranges in a world with climate change.
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Kostaman, Tatan, Soni Sopiyana, Isbandi, and Tiurma Pasaribu. "Ex-situ exploration of cemani chicken in Balai Penelitian Ternak (Balitnak), Bogor-West Java." BIO Web of Conferences 33 (2021): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213301001.
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Cemani chicken is the rarest chicken in the world and generally in Indonesia is associated with medication and ritual ceremonies. The purpose of the research to determine the performance of cemani chickens that are kept outside their habitat. A total of 20 hens kept in litter cages was observed in the exploration. The hens were given commercial feed and drinking water was given ad libitum. The observed variable were hen day production (%), first egg weight (g), egg quality, and growth (g). All data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that hen day production (%) during 6 months of production increased, from 14.96% at the beginning of production to 48.97%. The first egg weight was 31.31 ± 1.43 g with the egg quality is almost the same as the quality of other local/native chicken eggs. The average body weight of DOC was 25.13 g/head, 8 weeks 839.94 g/head (♂) and 759.98 g/head (♀), and 20 weeks 1537.29 g/head (♂) and 1455.18 g/head (♀). The observed from the data obtained, the performance of cemani chicken in Balitnak showed hen day production, first egg weight, and DOC weight was slightly lower, but for 20-weeks bodyweight, growth was relatively higher.
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KSHANDAKAR, SHASHANK, MED RAM VERMA, YASH PAL SINGH, SANJAY KUMAR, and AMRIT KUMAR PAUL. "Effect of clinical mastitis on lactation curves of Murrah buffaloes." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 88, no. 5 (May 23, 2018): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v88i5.79989.
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India accounts 18.5% of the world milk production and ranked first in milk production. Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) produce 54% of total milk production of India. However, mastitis remains the most expensive production disease of the buffaloes. The present study was based on the lactation records of Murrah buffaloes maintained at Cattle and Buffalo Breeding Farm of LPM Section, ICAR-Indian veterinary research institute, Izatnagar over a period of 10 years (2005–2014). The aim of present study was to find best fitted lactation model explaining the lactation behaviour of Murrah buffaloes in healthy and mastitis condition. The data consisted of 80068 daily test day milk yield records of 296 Murrah buffaloes. Different standard lactation curve models such as Ali and Schaeffer (1987), Cobby and Le Du (1978), Sikka (1950), Mitscherlich × Exponential (Rook et al. 1993), Mixed log (Guo and Swalve 1995), Wilmink (1987) and Wood (1967) models were fitted by Proc NLIN Procedure of SAS 9.3. The goodness of fit was judged by the high value of R2 adj and low value of MSPE, AIC and BIC. Durbin-Watson test was used to test autocorrelation and Shapiro-Wilk’s test and Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used to test the normality of the residuals. Based on the analysis of the data Ali and Schaeffer model was the best fitted model to explain the lactation behaviour of the healthy as well as mastitic Murrah buffaloes.
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Li, Zheng-Xin, You-Fen Chen, and Chang-Xia Qian. "Astrometric Latitude and Time Observational Database at Shanghai Observatory." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 156 (1993): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007418090017367x.
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After the closing of Bureau International de L'Heure (BIH) and the establishment of International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) at the end of 1987. Shanghai Observatory has been the institute where the astrometric latitude and time observational data are collected and treated. During the past four years, about 75,293 measurements in latitude or time determination have been obtained by the 64 optical astrometric instruments over the world from which the five-day Earth Rotation Parameters of the 1988–1990 period have still been reduced. Twelve Quarterly Report on the optical ERP have been distributed. Since the beginning of 1991 the regular reduction of the ERP has been stopped but the collecting of the observational data is still going on in Shanghai Observatory in order to meet the requirements of the scientists who are still interested on the studies concerned with these observations. There are still 42 optical astrometric instruments taking part into the regular observations at the moment.
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Botha, M. P., and D. P. van Vuuren. "Reactions of Black and white Children to TV Violence in South Africa: 1987–1991." South African Journal of Psychology 23, no. 2 (June 1993): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124639302300204.
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Violence became an upsetting factor within the socio-political realities of South Africa and the struggle for and against apartheid: thousands of people have lost their lives in political violence since the 1980s. Due to severe media restrictions under the emergency regulations in the 1980s, the exact nature of township violence and police actions were seldom shown on local television or reported in the press. Since 2 February 1990 with the repeal of the media regulations, images of mass action, township violence and clashes between the police and demonstrators became an everyday reality on South African television screens. In this transitional society, a new world with a definite culture of violence, issues such as the reactions of black and white adolescents, to scenes of violence and interracial conflict in local television broadcasts were investigated in a research project amongst adolescents from 52 areas in Johannesburg and Pretoria. The correspondence between initial levels of aggression and perceptions regarding fictional and non-fictional programme contents (being measured by means of questionnaires), as well as the differences between the perceptions of the whites and blacks regarding the programme contents, were investigated. It seems that regarding the non-fictional portrayal of violence in the South African media, white adolescents are more desensitized than black adolescents who live within these conditions every day. Black adolescents may enjoy fictional programmes with physical violence more than white adolescents, but they experience more anxiety during exposure to non-fictional portrayals of events similar to the realities in the townships. They therefore tend to rate the level of violence depicted in news broadcasts higher than white adolescents. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Kemp, Melissa E., Alexis M. Mychajliw, Jenna Wadman, and Amy Goldberg. "7000 years of turnover: historical contingency and human niche construction shape the Caribbean's Anthropocene biota." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1927 (May 20, 2020): 20200447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0447.
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The human-mediated movement of species across biogeographic boundaries—whether intentional or accidental—is dramatically reshaping the modern world. Yet humans have been reshaping ecosystems and translocating species for millennia, and acknowledging the deeper roots of these phenomena is important for contextualizing present-day biodiversity loss, ecosystem functioning and management needs. Here, we present the first database of terrestrial vertebrate species introductions spanning the entire anthropogenic history of a system: the Caribbean. We employ this approximately 7000-year dataset to assess the roles of historical contingency and priority effects in shaping present-day community structure and conservation outcomes, finding that serial human colonization events contributed to habitat modifications and species extinctions that shaped the trajectories of subsequent species introductions by other human groups. We contextualized spatial and temporal patterns of species introductions within cultural practices and population histories of Indigenous, colonial and modern human societies, and show that the taxonomic and biogeographic diversity of introduced species reflects diversifying reasons for species introductions through time. Recognition of the complex social and economic structures across the 7000-year human history of the Caribbean provides the necessary context for interpreting the formation of an Anthropocene biota.
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Benzarti ep Ghedas, Habiba, Jemni Abdelmajid, and Eloi Coloma Pico. "Assessment of residential settlement planning in Medina, based on climate adaptability." E3S Web of Conferences 418 (2023): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341801002.
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The theme of World Habitat Day 2020 was Housing for All: “A Better Urban Future”. In light of this postulate, this study aims to determine the climate response of traditional urban morphology to the Sousse climate, which allows us to assess the effectiveness of ancient urban planning considered a model of low-energy and low-carbon. This study purposes to help future urban planners in the early phase of the project and preserve their urban heritage. Design strategies such as indoor and outdoor daylighting and different natural ventilation conditions were studied to assess ancient city planning. The results show that the grouped houses in linear blocks with courtyards promote natural ventilation, solar gain, and thermal comfort control. This self-contained, compact urban morphology is beneficial in the semi-arid climate; it reduces heat loss through the exterior envelope and creates a comfortable atmosphere inside and outside the block, especially in summer.
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Muhammad, Habeeb Sirajo, and Ibrahim Umar Salihi. "Application of the UN-Habitat Integrated Sustainable Waste Management Methodology to Evaluate the Solid Waste Management System in the City of Kano, Nigeria." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 38 (September 2018): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.38.115.
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This report provides a review of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Kano, Nigeria. It employs a number of performance indicators, which include: waste collection, controlled disposal, materials recovery and financial sustainability. Other indicators are: user inclusivity, provider inclusivity and institutional coherence. A material flow diagram indicates a large amount of waste going to the informal recovery and reuse sector. Comparisons with world cities show that Kano performs below the low-income category in terms of solid waste management (SWM). The biodegradable portion of the waste constitutes 68%, 62.5% of the total waste being generated by the household sector at a rate of 0.56 kg capita -1 day-1. The SWM system is under budgeted and with the rapid increase in population, an effective and efficient SWM system would be required.
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Popkova, Tereza, Ludek Pour, Ivan Spicka, Jakub Radocha, Alexandra Jungova, Jiri Minarik, Tomas Jelinek, et al. "Survival Analysis of Newly Diagnosed Transplant-Eligible Multiple Myeloma Patients in Czech Republic." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 4894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-153978.
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Abstract Introduction: Although highly effective agents and novel therapeutic strategies are being developed, high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (HDT/ASCT) has not been overcome in the first-line treatment for fit patients (pts) with multiple myeloma. The objective of this work is to retrospectively analyze the use of this procedure in newly diagnosed Czech patients. Methods: Data were derived using the Czech Myeloma Group Registry of Monoclonal Gammopathies. By February 2 nd 2021, a total of 2154 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients who underwent HDT/ASCT were identified. Results: At the time of multiple myeloma diagnosis, the median age was 59 years; 24%/56%/14%/5%/1% pts were ECOG 0/1/2/3/4; 44%/32%/24% pts were ISS stage I/II/III; 14.5%/17.5%/68% and 84%/16% pts were Durie-Salmon stage I/II/III and subclassification A/B, respectively. The combinations of agents used in the induction regimen were proteasome inhibitor (PI), immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) and glucocorticoid (GC) in 28.5% (613/2154) pts; PI, GC and chemotherapy (CHT) in 24.8% (534/2154) pts; GC and CHT in 22,5% and IMiD, GC and CHT in 16.1% (346/2154). Other combination of drugs was used in 8.2% (177/2154) pts. It was registered that 3.7% (79/2154) induction regimens were switched to a different combination because of toxicity, patient's choice, poor peripheral venous access or other reasons. Single HDT/ASCT was performed in 77.3% (1665/2154) cases whereas tandem HDT/ASCT was given to 11.8% (254/2154) patients. In 10% (215/2154) cases, the transplantation technique was not specified. Nine percent (193/2154) patients were treated within a clinical study. The median progression free survival (mPFS) and the median overall survival (mOS) of the whole cohort was 28.9 and 92.1 months, respectively. Information about response to treatment before and after the high-dose therapy were available for 75.7% (1627/2154) and 92.2% (1987/2154) patients, respectively. Disease status at the time of HDT/ASCT was defined as stringent complete response (sCR) at 2.2% (36/1627), complete response (CR) at 11.9% (194/1627), very good partial response (VGPR) at 38.2% (621/1627), partial response (PR) at 40.9% (666/1627), minimal response (MR) at 3.6%, (58/1627), stable disease (SD) at 2.2% (36/1627), progressive disease (PD) at 1% (16/1627) patients. The overall response rate (ORR) on day 100 was 92.8% (sCR: 10.5% [209/1987], CR: 22.4% [446/1987], VGPR: 35% [696/1987], PR: 24.8% [493/1987], MR: 2.7% [54/1987], SD: 1.4% [27/1987], PD: 3.1% [62/1987]). We also performed a survival analysis of patients progressing up to 18 months after HDT/ASCT (n=1219) versus patients progressing in more than 18 months (n=935). The median OS was 41.5 versus 124.9 months, respectively. An analysis of the role of tandem HDT/ASCT in this real-world cohort will be presented at the conference. Conclusion: Globally as well as in the Czech Republic, HDT/ASCT is an important therapeutic approach in the first-line treatment of multiple myeloma. Our analysis of 2154 newly diagnosed transplant-eligible patients confirms high effectiveness - ORR of 92.8%, mPFS of 28.9 months, and long-term survival reaching mOS of 92.1 months. Disclosures Minarik: Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria.
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Stephan, Lígia R., Beatrix E. Beisner, Samuel G. M. Oliveira, and Maria Stela M. Castilho-Noll. "Influence of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms on a Tropical Microcrustacean Community Based on Taxonomic and Functional Trait Diversity." Water 11, no. 11 (November 19, 2019): 2423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112423.
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Macrophytes are important structural attributes of freshwater ponds and wetlands, affecting zooplankton community composition. One of the best-known macrophytes in the world is Eichhornia crassipes, which, due to its high reproductive rate, can quickly occupy large areas of aquatic environments. However, there have been few assessments of the direct effect of this macrophyte, in the absence of predators, for tropical zooplankton communities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of E. crassipes on microcrustacean community structure using species and functional diversity, the latter providing an important tool to evaluate the response to changes in resource availability along an environment gradient. We also evaluated which functional traits were favored when the structural niche offered by submerged parts of the macrophytes was present. We conducted a 30 day mesocosm experiment (117 m3) with and without the presence of floating macrophytes (Eichhornia crassipes) inserted along one edge of the mesocosms. Treatment effects on microcrustacean density and community structure using taxonomic and functional classification approaches were assessed. There was a positive association between macrophyte presence and microcrustacean diversity for both diversity types, showing that the presence of macrophytes enhanced the niche availability for the microcrustacean community, likely through changes to resource diversity through habitat structure provision. In the presence of macrophytes, the abundance of species with the following feeding traits increased: burrowing, benthic habitat preference, and herbivore–detritivore and omnivore–carnivore trophic groups. Results showed that the species capable of using the niche offered by submerged macrophyte structures had benthic traits, enabling their co-existence with species possessing primarily pelagic traits. Using a functional approach, our study demonstrated that Eichhornia crassipes can structure microcrustacean communities and promote diversity, likely via increased habitat diversity, which enables the co-existence of species possessing different adaptations to acquiring resources available in the environment.