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1
Berry, R. "The World Conservation Strategy and Beyond." Modern Churchman 32, no. 2 (January 1990): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/mc.32.2.27.
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Munro, David A. "Successor to the World Conservation Strategy." Environmental Conservation 16, no. 3 (1989): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900009498.
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Selman, P. H. "Responding to the World Conservation Strategy." Environmentalist 5, no. 4 (December 1985): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02240321.
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McCormick, J. "The Origins of the World Conservation Strategy." Environmental History Review 10, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3984544.
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Usher, Michael B. "Review Article: Modernizing the World Conservation Strategy." Environmental Conservation 19, no. 1 (1992): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900030253.
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Poulios, Ioannis. "Discussing strategy in heritage conservation." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 4, no. 1 (May 13, 2014): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-10-2012-0048.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the concept of strategy in the field of heritage conservation, with a focus on a new conservation approach that promotes the empowerment of local communities and sustainable development: a living heritage approach. Design/methodology/approach – The approaches to heritage conservation are outlined: a material-based approach defines the principles of western-based conservation, a values-based approach expands these principles, while a living heritage approach clearly challenges the established principles. These approaches are, then, analysed from the perspective of strategy, and a living heritage approach is seen as an example of strategic innovation. The process by which ICCROM develops a living heritage approach at an international level is also examined. Findings – Choosing the “appropriate” conservation approach depends on the specific conditions of each heritage place. Yet, for the cases of living heritage in particular (with communities with an original connection with heritage) a living heritage approach would be more preferable. Living heritage approach can be seen as an example of a strategic innovation in the field of heritage conservation: it proposes a different concept of heritage and conservation (a new WHAT), points at a different community group as responsible for the definition and protection of heritage (a new WHO), and proposes a different way of heritage protection (a new HOW). Practical implications – A living heritage approach (presented in the paper) may potentially influence the theory as well as the practice of heritage conservation in a variety of parts and heritage places in the world, especially in terms of the attitude towards local and indigenous communities. Originality/value – Developing a new approach is, in a sense, developing a new strategy. In this context, the paper aims at bringing the insight of business strategy into the field of heritage conservation.
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Steiner, Frederick R. "SUSTAINING TOMORROW: A STRATEGY FOR WORLD CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT." Landscape Journal 5, no. 2 (1986): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.5.2.151.
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Wheater, Roger. "World Zoo Conservation Strategy: a blueprint for zoo development." Biodiversity and Conservation 4, no. 6 (August 1995): 544–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00222513.
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Dean, John F. "World View of Book Conservation." Collection Management 31, no. 1-2 (August 30, 2007): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j105v31n01_10.
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Pollard, D. F. W. "The World Conservation Strategy and the Forest Sector in Canada." Forestry Chronicle 63, no. 5 (October 1, 1987): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc63365-5.
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The objectives of the World Conservation Strategy (WCS) and the priority requirements and actions to achieve these objectives are examined from the viewpoint of forestry in Canada, together with an overview of recent events in the implementation of the WCS. Canada supported development and endorsed the WCS in 1981. The federal government has taken a number of initiatives, including one specifically concerning forestry, following a review of its activities. Conservation strategies are under consideration or in preparation in most of the provinces and territories. Modern forestry concepts and practice are contributing effectively to the WCS, and foresters are urged to further its implementation in Canada by assisting the development of, and endorsing, where appropriate, the emerging provincial and territorial conservation strategies.
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Caborn, J. M. "The conservation and development programme for the U.K. — A response to the world conservation strategy." Landscape Planning 12, no. 1 (April 1985): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3924(85)90073-5.
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Muñoz-Rodríguez, Pablo, David Draper Munt, and Juan Carlos Moreno Saiz. "Global strategy for plant conservation: inadequate in situ conservation of threatened flora in Spain." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 63, no. 4 (February 6, 2016): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.2016.1257105.
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The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) seeks to assess the conservation status of the world vascular plants by 2020, and to guarantee that at least 75% threatened taxa are conserved in situ. A comprehensive evaluation of IUCN categories for 7269 Spanish vascular plants (GSPC Target 2), using distribution data and environmental niche models, is presented. A gap analysis to assess the percentage of threatened plants effectively conserved in situ (considering national parks, plant micro-reserves and recovery or conservation plans) was also conducted (Target 7). The result is that only 44.4% threatened species are subject to an adequate in situ protection. An appropriate management of additional natural protected areas towards the conservation of threatened plants would make Spain meet this threshold, but severe deficiencies should be corrected. The methodology presented here is proposed as a tool to assess the degree of achievement of GSPC targets. This procedure can be quickly implemented and allows an easy evaluation of the progress, as well as the pending tasks in a given period of time.
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Wilson, George R. "The Development of a National Conservation Strategy for Australia." Environmental Conservation 14, no. 2 (1987): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900011450.
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The National Conservation Strategy for Australia (NCSA, 1983) provides Australia with nationally agreed guidelines for the use of her living resources. It orginated from the World Conservation Strategy (WCS, 1980) and was developed through a process of public discussion which is described in this paper. A Steering Committee was established to oversee the development of the Strategy and guide a task-force. Conservation, industry, scientific, and government, interests were all represented throughout the development of the Strategy.
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Kerr, A. J. "Conservation of natural resources." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 90 (1986): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000005169.
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SynopsisAn indication is given of the importance of the Clyde Estuary for economic, scientific and aesthetic purposes. The main thrust of the World Conservation Strategy and the Conservation and Development Programme for the U.K. is explained. In the light of this the attitudes and actions of a range of agencies operating in the estuary are examined.
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Parker, Paul K. "Australian Rain-forest Subdivisions and Conservation Strategies." Environmental Conservation 14, no. 1 (1987): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900011085.
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The subdivision of Australian tropical rain-forest into one- and two-hectares' residential blocks changes the local ecology in a dramatic manner. It opens the canopy, changes the humidity regime, decimates ancient climax vegetation, and introduces weed species. As a result, the practice is incompatible with the objectives alike of the World Conservation Strategy and the National Conservation Strategy for Australia. Government intervention will be required if the Strategy is to be implemented. The first step towards implementation is the evaluation of current and proposed practices. A brief analysis of the incidence of costs and benefits demonstrates the skewed distribution which results from rain-forest subdivision. A few sellers and promoters receive millions of dollars in capital gains, while millions of other people lose the public and recreational benefits offered by the existing rain-forest, and the world as a whole loses much of scientific value. The information gained by this brief analysis provides the Government with a better basis on which to act than heretofore.
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Sengwar, Babita. "SOCIETY AWARENESS AS A STRATEGY FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3115.
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Conservation is the proper management of natural resources to prevent its exploitation, destruction or degradation. India is blessed with natural resources but these resources from our research study on the usage of natural resources are depleting every day. As we know nature provides all the basic needs which are necessary to us but we are over exploiting or over using these resources.
Conservation of natural resources has acquired great attention at present. It is high time that man must realize of the grave consequences of his action which are damaging the environment beyond repair. If we continue exploit the nature, there will be no more natural resources available in the future. So, there is an urgent need to conserve the nature for future. Society participation in the conservation of natural resources is vital importance so we must get them involved in this national task.
A society, a state, a country, the whole world is a collection of individuals in a final analysis. Therefore, if individual does his or her duty to perfection, the whole world can become less pollution free and we can conserve our natural resources. It is the duty of us to spread awareness among the society in this regard.
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McIntyre, M. "Investment strategy for California Water." Water Supply 5, no. 3-4 (November 1, 2005): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2005.0087.
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For 150 years California met water needs primarily through expensive surface water reservoirs and increased groundwater pumping. This approach to water management was emulated around the world. Today, however, budget deficits, climate change and competing interest all strain California's ability to meet new needs for a growing population, the economy and the environment. Water for California and the Planning & Conservation League led an effort to assess viable options for California under these new realities. The resulting Investment Strategy for California Water identifies cost-effective, environmentally beneficial and socially acceptable water management strategies for meeting these needs. The Strategy demonstrates how California can more than meet water supply needs with locally planned and implemented programs such as water conservation, recycling and groundwater treatment. As with past California approaches to water management, this Strategy can be useful to other regions facing similar challenges.
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Gough, Annette Greenall. "Sustaining Development of Environmental Education in National Political and Curriculum Priorities." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 8 (1992): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600003335.
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The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between national economic and political priorities and environmental education policy formulation and curriculum strategies. This relationship will be placed in the historical context of developments in environmental education in Australia from 1970 until the present and will be analysed in terms of the ideological and pedagogical stances implicit, and explicit, in the developments during this period. I will argue that the emphasis throughout the period has been to sustain the development of environmental education without any questioning of why, what and how this development should occur.‘Sustainable development’ has become a slogan for governments, industry and conservation groups in recent times. It was the subtitle for the World Conservation Strategy (IUCN 1980) and the National Conservation Strategy for Australia (DHAE 1984) - living resource conservation for sustainable development - and was popularised in the report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, more commonly known as the Brundtland Report or Our Common Future (WCED 1987). The definition of sustainable development given in the World Conservation Strategy (IUCN 1980: section 1.3) and repeated in the National Conservation Strategy for Australia (DHAE 1984: 12) is as follows:Development is…the modification of the biosphere and the application of human, financial, living and non-living resources to satisfy human needs and improve the quality of human life. For development to be sustainable it must take account of social and ecological factors, as well as economic ones; of the living and nonliving resource base; and of the long term as well as the short term advantages and disadvantages of alternative actions.
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Asaka, Jeremiah O. "Transformations, Changes, and Continuities in Conservation Governance: A Case Study of Wildlife Conservation in Kenya, 1980–2016." Case Studies in the Environment 3, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cse.2018.001768.
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Global conservation policy and governance has undergone significant changes since the publication of World Conservation Strategy: Living Resource Conservation for Sustainable Development. The strategy sought to integrate conservation and development deviating from the practice under fortress conservation, which considers the two concepts incompatible. What has this significant shift in approach meant for conservation governance at lower levels (i.e., national and sub-national) of governance? This article explores this question in the context of wildlife conservation in Kenya. The article is premised on field data collected in the country during the months of June, July, and August 2016 using mixed methods: key informant interview, household survey, and document review. It documents transformation, change, and continuity in conservation governance in Kenya during 1980–2016. The article also identifies three emerging concerns that hinder sustainable wildlife conservation in Kenya: elitism, green grabbing, and donor-dependency.
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Tisdell, Clement A. "Environmental Conservation: Economics, Ecology, and Ethics." Environmental Conservation 16, no. 2 (1989): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900008870.
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This paper argues that the comparative lack of concern for Nature conservation in the ‘Western World’ has been a product of its economic development experience, the nature of its economic systems and economic organizations (both market and centrally controlled ‘state socialist’), and its centralized political systems as well as its Judaic-Christian value system. But some change in attitude has occurred in recent years, and there is now far more readiness than formerly to consider the economic and direct benefits to Man of conservation of living resources (see, for example, the World Conservation Strategy), and growing interest in the possible ethical rights of other sentient (and perhaps even non-sentient) beings. In general, however, economists remain unsympathetic to ecologists who do not subscribe to their economic value-systems.
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Pádua, Juliano Gomes. "Conservation of crop genetic resources in Brazil in the context of the target 9 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation." Rodriguésia 69, no. 4 (December 2018): 1557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201869406.
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Abstract Cultivated species, on which humankind depends for survival, have been created by farmers that have crossed and selected wild plants and developed landraces. Early in 20th century, the theory of Centers of Origin of Cultivated Plants was proposed by Vavilov. He also warned the world about the loss of plant genetic diversity due to the dominance of a small number of genetically similar crops, a fact that help starting a movement for the conservation of plant genetic resources. From this time, several strategies and institutions were established around the world to act in plant genetic resources (PGR) conservation. In Brazil, a remarkable player in PGR conservation, some institutions conserve several crop species as well as their wild relatives and other socio-economically valuable plant species. In this paper we present the status of PGR conservation in Brazil as well as initiatives and laws aiming at respecting, preserving and maintaining associated indigenous and local knowledge, in the context of the target 9 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation.
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Jia, Zhao. "The Efficient Water Resources Strategy." Advanced Materials Research 998-999 (July 2014): 1512–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.998-999.1512.
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Relevant bodies of the United Nations in Vienna on March 22, World Water Day, said that if people did not change their way to consume, in this case, 2.5 billion people would face water shortage by 2025 which is of no doubt, and about 5 billion people would live in an area that water has difficulty in self-sufficiency. In this paper, China is selected to be an example. As for models, there are 2 models given in this paper, large-scale system and linear programming. Based on large-scale system model, water resources are divided in the largest 10 drainage basins of China as 10 units which comprise the first level. Then, the use of water is adopted for 4 kinds defined as 4 units which make up the second level. We use polynomial fitting algorithm to estimate 4 kinds of average water consumption in 2015, 2020 and 2025.Then we use linear programming skill to calculate the best 4 kinds of water consumption distribution of 10 drainage basins in 2015, 2020 and 2025 respectively. Comparison and analysis between the best distribution and the estimated average value made in the first step, enables the construction of a preliminary water strategy from 2013 to 2025, which illustrates storage, movement, de-salinization and conservation of water specifically in this paper. According to Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a brief evaluation of models is presented from three angles. At last, in a word, the result is given roughly that the government should increase the distribution of industry water resources appropriately and decreases or keep the same level with the rest of water resources allocation.
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Farvar, M. Taghi. "World Conservation Strategy Conference, held in Ottawa, Canada, during 31 May to 5 June 1986." Environmental Conservation 13, no. 4 (1986): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900035566.
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Pakholiuk, Orest, Iryna Zadorozhnikova, Serhii Uzhehov, Oleksandr Chapyuk, and Ruslan Pasichnyk. "Optimization of air chamber in solar air collector." E3S Web of Conferences 166 (2020): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016604004.
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Recently, environmental problems have become more acute. In 1980, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) prepared the World Conservation Strategy. This document interpreted the term “sustainable development” as an inseparable link between social development and nature conservation. And already in 1992, after the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, the concept of sustainable development gained a leading status. The conference materials determined that sustainable development is a development of a society that meets the needs of today without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Therefore, being aware of the need for energy conservation, there is increasing emphasis on the use of solar energy throughout the world to generate electricity and heat.
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Committee of World Forum on GSPC, Organizing. "Declaration from the World Forum on Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), Dujiangyan, Sichuan Province, China." Biodiversity Science 27, no. 10 (2019): 1162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17520/biods.2019357.
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Ogunleye, Foluke. "Environmental Sustainability in Nigeria: The “Awareness” Imperative." African Issues 32, no. 1-2 (2003): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1548450500006600.
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The practice of treating the environment with disdain has gradually become unfashionable. Yet in many developing nations, Nigeria among them, environmental education and awareness campaigns remain something regarded as unnecessary. According to Berry (1993: 158):The term “sustainable development” has become a shibboleth of governments and industries, to present a respectful image to a society that is becoming even more strident in its concern for the environment. It is a concept that was projected onto the world by the Stockholm Conference of 1972, and has been carried ever since by the United Nations Environment Programs (UNEP), the World Conservation Union (IUCN), and the World Wildlife Fund for nature (WWF) in their world conservation strategy. It has the ring of truth and worldwide acceptance, but it is poorly understood by those who use it.
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Molina-Freaner, Francisco, Patricia Delgado, Daniel Piñero, Nidia Perez-Nasser, and Elena Alvarez-Buylla. "Do rare pines need different conservation strategies? Evidence from three Mexican species." Canadian Journal of Botany 79, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-155.
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Mexico is a major center of diversity for the genus Pinus as it has the greatest number of species in the world. Many species are now restricted to Mexico, and some are represented by very small populations and are in danger of extinction. In this study we examined allozyme variation in three rare species of Mexican pines: Pinus pinceana Gord., Pinus lagunae M.F. Passini, and Pinus muricata D. Don, with the objective of providing conservation guidelines. The three species had relatively high levels of genetic variation with mean expected heterozygosities of 0.373, 0.386, and 0.346 for P. pinceana, P. lagunae, and P. muricata, respectively. We found marked differentiation among populations and significant inbreeding within populations of the three species. These values are larger than the range reported for most conifers and suggest that conservation strategies of these rare pines require focusing on the viability of several populations. Given that our knowledge about the demographic status of the three species is scarce, we propose a mixed strategy of conservation. For P. lagunae, we propose an in situ strategy, whereas for P. pinceana and P. muricata we propose an ex situ strategy of conservation until permanent protection can be provided for several of their populations.Key words: genetic structure, conservation, rare pines, Pinus pinceana, Pinus lagunae, Pinus muricata.
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Csíder, Ibolya. "Possibilities of biodiversity conservation in agricultural fields." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 58 (April 8, 2014): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/58/1970.
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The biodiversity loss is one of the biggest environmental problems in the world. The objective of this paper is to present some nature conservation practices on agricultural land. Farmlands play a significant role to preserve biodiversity because some highly protected species can only find their needs on agricultural land. The Biodiversity Strategy of the European Union (2010-2020) creates new directives to reduce biodiversity loss, preserve and improve diversity, especially on agricultural land. Furthermore the importance of this subject is that the share of farmland in Hungary is much higher (57%) than in the EU-27 on average (42%). The loss of agricultural land and the increase of land abandonment cause intensification of agricultural production leading to the loss of biodiversity.
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Zhao, Tao, and Ri Hao Cui. "Research on Green Marketing Strategy in Enterprises Based on Low Carbon (LC) Environment." Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (December 2013): 1073–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.1073.
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The ecological environment of this planet-Earth has been damaged by industrial pollution. In the Copenhagen General Assembly of 2009, it has become the focus issue attracting the attention from various countries in the world how to reduce carbon emission. As one of economic powers, China yet becomes a large environmental polluter. According to the calculation of World Bank, during two decades from 1980 to 2000, China has generated 14% contribution rate to the world GDP in terms of its economic growth. However, China also pays a high price in resource consumption, high energy consumption and environmental destruction for this. As is pointed in Environmental Green Book of 2007,there were about 75% of waters in Chinese lakes suffering significant pollution and the contamination rate of urban waters reached as high as over 90%, hence causing more than 300 cities in China suffer water shortage. At present, China has become the second largest emitter of greenhouse gases in the globe and the loss that environmental pollution engenders to national economy holds about 10% in GDP. And the area of cultivated land in China also decreases at the speed of about 1.6 million hectares per year, hence with severe land degradation and water and soil erosion phenomena. According to another statistic report, Chinese GDP in 2004 held appropriately 4% in the globe but the consumed primary energy took up almost 12 percent of the globe, with fresh water holding 15 percent, aluminum oxide 25 percent, rolled steel 28 percent and cement 50%. In a word, the extensive economic growth pattern/mode has forced China to face serious resource and energy crises. Due to a series of negative effects brought about by environmental pollution and various inconveniences caused to life, consumers are also motivated to pay more and more attention to the environmental problems engendered by random disposability after products are used. As a result, the design and production of green products and energy conservation in production process become particularly important,and various green products has become more and more common in market, making green energy conservation and environmental protection have become the starting point for people to go shopping.
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Thompson, Andrew. "Common Law, Statutes and Conservation Values: Do They Have Anything in Common?" Forestry Chronicle 61, no. 2 (April 1, 1985): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc61131-2.
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Basic values in Canadian society are thought to be moving toward an expanded conservation ethic. There are two schools of thought. "Wise-use" conservation signifies management of forests and wildlife to maximize utilitarian values. "Preservationist" conservation is more concerned with intrinsic values in nature. Canadian common law and statutes are examined to determine what support they provide for "wise-use" conservation or a "preservationist" approach to resource management. Deficiencies are identified. Moreover, where statutes do impress on resource managers a duty to employ "wise-use" principles, noncompliance is often tolerated and Canadian courts are reluctant to hold public servants to the letter of the law. Integrated management is a precondition to making the trade-offs between forests and wildlife required by a "wise-use" policy, but by itself, provides no measure by which to make such trade-offs. "Wise-use" principles do provide such a measure, but their utilitarian emphasis invariably reduces wildlife to second place in competition with trees. If society wants to preserve intrinsic values in wildlife, the only alternative strategies available are raw potential power or charterlike laws that express clear principles of preservation. These laws would be society's choice in favour of arresting the deterioration in the natural environment documented in the World Conservation Strategy. Key words: Resource, Conservation, Conservation policy, Conservation law, Integration.
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Avdosieva, I. K., O. S. Kalinina, and O. I. Chaikovska. "BIRD FLU – COUNTER-STRATEGY." Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 21, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2020-21-1.01.
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The rapid growth of international cooperative ties poses a serious threat to the spread and spread of one of the few yet the most dangerous infections on the territory of Ukraine – bird flu. In addition to the economic damage caused by this disease to the poultry industry, an important aspect is the danger to human health and the potential risks of a new pandemic variant of the virus. The epizootic situation of this disease remains complex recently and cases are reported in most developed poultry countries
The article provides analytical material on HPBF outbreaks in 2018-2019. In 2018 the HPBF was registered in 39 countries and outbreaks ranged from 1 to 110 and the highest in Taiwan were – 110, Russia – 82, Egypt – 49, Bulgaria – 29. In 2019 HPBF outbreaks were registered in 19 countries and ranged within from 1 to 107 and the highest number was in Taiwan – 107, Mexico – 35.
At present, there is a very difficult epizootic situation in the world for flu viruses caused by the following subtypes: H5N1, H5N2, H5N3, H5N5, H5N8, H5N9.
During 2018 registered strains of HPBF in the countries of the world were: N5 – 22; H5N1 – 16; H5N2 – 25; H5N3 – 2; H5N5 – 0; H5N6 – 8; H5N8 – 26; H5N9 – 1. During 2019, registered strains of HSVP in the countries of the world were harboring: N5 – 1; H5N1 – 10; H5N2 – 48; H5N3 – 17; H5N5 – 3; H5N6 – 4; H5N8 – 16; H5N9 – 0 %.
With regard to low pathogenic avian influenza (LPBF), their worldwide wide circulation in the natural reservoir has been proven to date. In 2019 the highest number of LPBF outbreaks caused by different strains was: H5N1 – 36; H7N3 – 29 and H5N2 – 22. During 2019, the reported LPBF strains in the countries were: H5 – 6; H5N1 – 34; H5N2 – 21.1; H5N5 – 0; H5N6 – 4; H5N8 – 0; H7N3 –; H7N4 – 3; H7N9 – 1; H7N5 – 2; H7N6 – 1 %.
The use of the following antiviral medications for the prevention and treatment of LPBF revealed their high therapeutic and prophylactic significance, namely: remantadine, amizone, aminocaproic acid and made on the basis of modern nanotechnologies – Germacap. Due to the 2-time (with an interval of 7 days) use of remantadine aerosol for prevention of LPBF epizootic among ducklings, the conservation of livestock reached 93 %, whereas in control – only 37 %. When treated with remantadine, the young growth of egg crosses for therapeutic purposes resulted in a 45 % reduction in the discharge of livestock against control by reducing death and culling.
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Cesaro, G., M. Santana Quintero, A. Paolini, P. J. De Vos, E. Glekas, and L. Visconti. "Preliminary Risk Assessment at the Petra Archaeological Park Recording Strategy." International Journal of Heritage in the Digital Era 1, no. 2 (June 2012): 295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/2047-4970.1.2.295.
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This paper describes the activities carried out in Petra by an international and multidisciplinary group of graduate students specializing in heritage conservation from the Raymond Lemaire International Centre for Conservation (RLICC), University of Leuven (Belgium) in cooperation with the University of Jordan, Faculty of Architecture, the Al Hussein Bin Talal University and in partnership with the UNESCO Office in Amman. The main objective of the work was to carry out a preliminary assessment of the risks affecting the integrity of the Petra World Heritage Property, due to both natural and man-made events so to understand the impact of the site's major threats. The outcomes provided the foundations necessary to develop a risk management plan, which should be integrated in the development of a comprehensive management plan for the site. The result of the overall study has been a preliminary risk management recommendation achieved through a rapid risk assessment of specific areas within the property, which readily identified vulnerabilities and threats to the state of conservation of the PAP. Outcomes of this work comprise two movies using time-lapse photography, 25 geo-referenced panoramas, a GIS system showing GPS track logs for all trails, satellite imagery and location of facilities, signage, monuments, 395 geo-referenced photos for the trails assessment, 105 geo-referenced photos for the areas assessment. An easy way to understand and visualize the circulation in the PAP was to bring the different trails on a satellite image through the use of a GPS system, combined with the ArcGIS software, in order to create a live track log while walking the trails in the PAP. Tracing this track log later in the GIS software indicated the actual location of parts of the PAP circulation and proved a very useful tool to retrieve the paths and areas analyzed.
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Lawson, Julia M., Sonja V. Fordham, Mary P. O’Malley, Lindsay N. K. Davidson, Rachel H. L. Walls, Michelle R. Heupel, Guy Stevens, et al. "Sympathy for the devil: a conservation strategy for devil and manta rays." PeerJ 5 (March 14, 2017): e3027. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3027.
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BackgroundInternational trade for luxury products, medicines, and tonics poses a threat to both terrestrial and marine wildlife. The demand for and consumption of gill plates (known asPeng Yu Sai, “Fish Gill of Mobulid Ray”) from devil and manta rays (subfamily Mobulinae, collectively referred to as mobulids) poses a significant threat to these marine fishes because of their extremely low productivity. The demand for these gill plates has driven an international trade supplied by largely unmonitored and unregulated catches from target and incidental fisheries around the world. Scientific research, conservation campaigns, and legal protections for devil rays have lagged behind those for manta rays despite similar threats across all mobulids.MethodsTo investigate the difference in attention given to devil rays and manta rays, we examined trends in the scientific literature and updated species distribution maps for all mobulids. Using available information on target and incidental fisheries, and gathering information on fishing and trade regulations (at international, national, and territorial levels), we examined how threats and protective measures overlap with species distribution. We then used a species conservation planning approach to develop the Global Devil and Manta Ray Conservation Strategy, specifying a vision, goals, objectives, and actions to advance the knowledge and protection of both devil and manta rays.Results and DiscussionOur literature review revealed that there had been nearly 2.5-times more “manta”-titled publications, than “mobula” or “devil ray”-titled publications over the past 4.5 years (January 2012–June 2016). The majority of these recent publications were reports on occurrence of mobulid species. These publications contributed to updated Area of Occupancy and Extent of Occurrence maps which showed expanded distributions for most mobulid species and overlap between the two genera. While several international protections have recently expanded to include all mobulids, there remains a greater number of national, state, and territory-level protections for manta rays compared to devil rays. We hypothesize that there are fewer scientific publications and regulatory protections for devil rays due primarily to perceptions of charisma that favour manta rays. We suggest that the well-established species conservation framework used here offers an objective solution to close this gap. To advance the goals of the conservation strategy we highlight opportunities for parity in protection and suggest solutions to help reduce target and bycatch fisheries.
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CROUZEILLES, RENATO, MARIANA M. VALE, RUI CERQUEIRA, and CARLOS E. V. GRELLE. "Increasing strict protection through protected areas on Brazilian private lands." Environmental Conservation 40, no. 3 (November 29, 2012): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892912000367.
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SUMMARYA key strategy to reduce habitat loss and fragmentation involves the establishment of protected areas (PAs). Worldwide, c. 13% of land lies within PAs, but only 6% is subject to the more restrictive International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categories I-IV. Private PAs may contribute to this figure, but require general guidance principles for their management. The Brazilian ‘Private Natural Heritage Reserves’ (RPPNs) constitute an example of good PA management, employing seven principles that should guide the creation of all private PAs. RPPNs have legal status and long-term security, allow only for indirect human uses, and provide a strategic conservation role in highly fragmented landscapes by improving connectivity. However, RPPNs are virtually absent from the World Database on Protected Areas, and given Brazil's continental size, and the considerable and increasing number of RPPNs in Brazil, this omission has the potential to skew accurate quantification of the area of land subject to strict protection. The RPPN model can make an important contribution to the discussion of the role of private PAs in conservation, especially in the tropics.
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Joshi, Bal Krishna. "Twenty Four Approaches for Conservation of Non-Orthodox Agricultural Plant Genetic Resources in Nepal." Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council 5 (April 28, 2019): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnarc.v5i1.23801.
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The conservation of plant genetic diversity underpins the future of agriculture, food and nutrition security and is critical to ensure the ability of future generations to cope with global environmental changes. The conservation efforts were more focused on orthodox crop species in Nepal before 2010. About 40% of agricultural plant genetic resources are non-orthodox, either recalcitrant/ intermediate type or vegetatively propagated plant species. Approaches for conservation of non-orthodox plant species differ from that of orthodox crops. Different conservation approaches have been established by National Agriculture Genetic Resources Center, Nepal for conserving non-orthodox agricultural plant species. We applied household survey, literatures survey, field survey, key informant survey and organized focus group discussion for assessing the different conservation approaches. A total of 24 approaches are being considered for conservation of non-orthodox plant species. Approaches under the ex-situ strategy are field genebank, botanical garden, city park, government farm, religious place, in-vitro culture and evolutionary plant breeding; under on-farm strategy are community field genebank, school field genebank, household field genebank, community/ public orchard, village level field genebank, geographical indication and participatory landrace enhancement, and under in-situ strategy are protected area, Ramsar site, world heritage site, community forest and legal protection for conserving non-orthodox plant species in Nepal. Field genebank is the very good approach, and it has been established in about 20 research stations. It should be extended to government farms and agriculture offices to conserve the local APGRs available in their respective command areas. Databases (passport and characterization) have been generated and will be available online to enhance the utilization in breeding, research and production.
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Bondi, Elizabeth, Hoon Oh, Haifeng Xu, Fei Fang, Bistra Dilkina, and Milind Tambe. "To Signal or Not To Signal: Exploiting Uncertain Real-Time Information in Signaling Games for Security and Sustainability." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 02 (April 3, 2020): 1369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i02.5493.
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Motivated by real-world deployment of drones for conservation, this paper advances the state-of-the-art in security games with signaling. The well-known defender-attacker security games framework can help in planning for such strategic deployments of sensors and human patrollers, and warning signals to ward off adversaries. However, we show that defenders can suffer significant losses when ignoring real-world uncertainties despite carefully planned security game strategies with signaling. In fact, defenders may perform worse than forgoing drones completely in this case. We address this shortcoming by proposing a novel game model that integrates signaling and sensor uncertainty; perhaps surprisingly, we show that defenders can still perform well via a signaling strategy that exploits uncertain real-time information. For example, even in the presence of uncertainty, the defender still has an informational advantage in knowing that she has or has not actually detected the attacker; and she can design a signaling scheme to “mislead” the attacker who is uncertain as to whether he has been detected. We provide theoretical results, a novel algorithm, scale-up techniques, and experimental results from simulation based on our ongoing deployment of a conservation drone system in South Africa.
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Harsritanto, Bangun Indrakusumo Radityo, Satrio Nugroho, Favian Dewanta, and Aditya Rio Prabowo. "Mosque design strategy for energy and water saving." Open Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 723–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2021-0070.
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Abstract The built environment plays an essential role as a climate change agent. Natural resource exploitation, energy consumptions, and waste management need to be built for more environment-friendly. The Mosque is a religious building built in every space on earth since a quarter of the world population is Muslim. This situation brought an urgency for making Mosques more sustainable and friendly to the natural environment. Carrying these facts, this study aimed to suggest a design strategy for making a sustainable mosque. Through a collaboration of passive design strategy, present technologies work of literature, and a study case, this study shortlisted primary design strategies in (1) building layouts, (2) lighting strategy, (3) HVAC strategy, (4) water conservation strategy, and (5) IT strategy. By keeping these major design strategies, Mosques can be made more environmentally sustainable. Several design recommendations are suggested in each major design strategy that may bring help for making sustainable Mosque on every space on this earth.
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Bruce, Charles. "Rabindranath Tagore: The Deep-Rooted Environmentalist and The Origins of Sustainability." Gitanjali & Beyond 2, no. 1 (November 24, 2018): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14297/gnb.2.1.8-15.
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The opening years of the twentieth century witnessed rising public disquiet about evident environmental degradation and the ever more obvious loss of important habitats. In the United States, following the personal intervention of President Theodore Roosevelt, Congress passed an act in 1906 to establish a protected inventory of national parks and forests. A year later the UK Parliament passed an act to establish the National Trust. Following the well trailed campaigns of self-anointed environmentalists such as John Muir and Octavia Hill, the protection of vulnerable landscapes appeared for the first time on the public policy agenda.
Against this background of rising awareness of the unfettered consequences of economic growth, a similar concern can be detected for the plight of rural communities in the Indian state of Bengal, largely as a result of the personal involvement – in both word and deed – of Rabindranath Tagore. It can be argued further that Tagore’s innate empiricism as a result of this growing awareness, anticipated the discourse that would lead eventually to the World Conservation Strategy published by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature in 1980. It was followed by the Brundtland Report (1987) Our Common Future.
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Joppa, L. N., P. Visconti, C. N. Jenkins, and S. L. Pimm. "Achieving the Convention on Biological Diversity’s Goals for Plant Conservation." Science 341, no. 6150 (September 5, 2013): 1100–1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1241706.
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Identifying which areas capture how many species is the first question in conservation planning. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aspires to formal protection of at least 17% of the terrestrial world and, through the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation, 60% of plant species. Are these targets of protecting area and species compatible? We show that 67% of plant species live entirely within regions that comprise 17% of the land surface. Moreover, these regions include most terrestrial vertebrates with small geographical ranges. However, the connections between the CBD targets of protecting area and species are complex. Achieving both targets will be difficult because regions with the most plant species have only slightly more land protected than do those with fewer.
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Belekova, А. "NESCO World Heritage Sites as a key for intercultural dialogue, humanist ideals and interfaith harmony." Transbaikal State University Journal 27, no. 2 (2021): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2021-27-2-74-82.
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The article focuses on promoting intercultural cooperation and strengthening international community on the example of UNESCO World Heritage sites, inscribed into the World Heritage List that is being formed on the basis of the World Heritage Convention of 1972. UNESCO is a universal intergovernmental UN structure responsible for international cooperation in the sphere of education, science, culture and communication. One of the main activities of the Organization is the world heritage conservation and intercultural dialogue. The article analyzes the UNESCO role in the geopolitical architectonics of Eurasia in which the World Heritage gains a qualitatively new meaning. In the context of a sustainable development the integration of promoting intercultural interaction and heritage safeguarding becomes particularly urgent. The article deals with several initiatives aimed at enhancing the cultural component of the Eurasian integration, including the goals and perspectives of discussion platforms set up for experience exchange in the sphere of World Heritage sites’ conservation and their management. The article seeks to identify the most important challenges and goals of the cooperation strategy between UNESCO and the institutions concerned in the field of the intercultural dialogue promotion in the Eurasian area that seems to be very important both for Russia and the CIS countries, and for the perspectives of the emerging global civilization of the future
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Lawson, Julia M., Riley A. Pollom, Cat A. Gordon, Joanna Barker, Eva K. M. Meyers, Heike Zidowitz, Jim R. Ellis, et al. "Extinction risk and conservation of critically endangered angel sharks in the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea." ICES Journal of Marine Science 77, no. 1 (December 13, 2019): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsz222.
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Abstract Understanding the details of local and regional extinctions allows for more efficient allocation of conservation activities and resources. This involves identifying where populations persist, where populations may still be present, and where populations may be locally extinct. Three threatened angel sharks occur in the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea: Sawback Angelshark (Squatina aculeata), Smoothback Angelshark (Squatina oculata), and Angelshark (Squatina squatina). Population sizes and geographic ranges of these species have been reduced due to overfishing and habitat loss, placing them among the world s most threatened chondrichthyans. We revise distribution maps, review global status, and present a Conservation Strategy to protect and restore these angel shark populations by minimizing fishing mortality, protecting critical habitat, and mitigating human disturbance. Updated distributions reveal that a halving of the geographic extent may have occurred for all three species, with potential declines of 51% for Sawback Angelshark, 48% for Smoothback Angelshark, and 58% for Angelshark. While 20 national and international management measures are now in place for Angelshark, only half of these include the other two species. We encourage further conservation action to adopt and develop this Conservation Strategy to restore angel shark populations to robust levels and safeguard them throughout their range.
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Miller, Chuck, and William Ulate. "Descriptive Data Challenges for the World Flora Online." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 17, 2018): e26731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26731.
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The World Flora Online (WFO) is primarily a data management project initiated in 2012 in response to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation – "To create an online flora of all known plants by 2020". A WFO Consortium has been formed of now 42 international partners with a governing Council and three Working Groups. The World Flora Online Public Portal (www.worldfloraonline.org) was launched at the International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen, China in July, 2017. The baseline Public Portal was primarily populated with a taxonomic backbone of information gathered from The Plant List augmented by newer taxonomic sources like Solanaceae Source. To support all known plant names in the WFO. including both vascular and non-vascular plants, new WFO identifiers (WFOIDs) were created, which were also cross-referenced to the International Plant Names Index (IPNI) identifiers for plant names included there. The next phase of the World Flora Online involves additional enhancement of the taxonomic backbone by engagement of new plant Taxonomic Expert Networks (TENs) and acceleration of ingestion of descriptive data from digital floras and monographs, and other sources like International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) threat assessments and the Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) Global Tree Assessment. Descriptive data can be text descriptions, images, geographic distributions, identification keys, phylogenetic trees, as well as atomized trait data like threat status, lifeform or habitat. Initial digital descriptive datasets have been received by WFO from Flora of Brazil, Flora of South Africa, Flora of China, Flora of North Africa, Solanaceae Source and several others. The hard work is underway to match the names associated with the submitted descriptions to the names and WFOIDs in the World Flora Online taxonomic backbone and then merging the descriptive data elements into the WFO database. Numerous data tools have been adopted and created to accomplish the data cleaning, standardization and transformation required before descriptive data can be integrated. The WFO project has discovered many variations between just the few datasets received so far, which highlights the need for better standardization and controlled vocabularies for flora and monographic descriptive data. This presentation will review some of the issues identified by the project when merging descriptive data and some potential gaps in the TDWG standards specifically for flora descriptive data. Some opportunities for consideration by the TDWG Species Information Interest Group will be presented.
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Romero-Sanchez, Martin, Ramiro Perez-Miranda, Antonio Gonzalez-Hernandez, Mario Velasco-Garcia, Efraín Velasco-Bautista, and Andrés Flores. "Current and Potential Spatial Distribution of Six Endangered Pine Species of Mexico: Towards a Conservation Strategy." Forests 9, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9120767.
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Mexico is home to the highest species diversity of pines: 46 species out of 113 reported around the world. Within the great diversity of pines in Mexico, Pinus culminicola Andresen et Beaman, P. jaliscana Perez de la Rosa, P. maximartinenzii Rzed., P. nelsonii Shaw, P. pinceana Gordon, and P. rzedowskii Madrigal et M. Caball. are six catalogued as threatened or endangered due to their restricted distribution and low population density. Therefore, they are of special interest for forest conservation purposes. In this paper, we aim to provide up-to-date information on the spatial distribution of these six pine species according to different historical registers coming from different herbaria distributed around the country by using spatial modeling. Therefore, we recovered historical observations of the natural distribution of each species and modelled suitable areas of distribution according to environmental requirements. Finally, we evaluated the distributions by contrasting changes of vegetation in the period 1991–2016. The results highlight areas of distribution for each pine species in the northeast, west, and central parts of Mexico. The results of this study are intended to be the basis of in situ and ex situ conservation strategies for the endangered Mexican pines.
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Gössling, Stefan. "Funds for biodiversity." Environmental Conservation 29, no. 4 (December 2002): 411–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892902000309.
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A number of recent publications have pointed out the accelerating speed at which ecosystems and biodiversity are being lost (United Nations Development Programme/United Nations Environment Programme/The World Bank/The World Resources Institute 2000). The general view is that conservation can only be achieved in a global network of protected areas (see Pimm et al. 2001). To safeguard the most important ecosystems, Myers et al. (2000) have suggested that we primarily conserve 25 biodiversity hotspots, in particular forests, comprising 1.4% of the land surface of the Earth. The costs for the conservation of these hotspots have been estimated at US$ 500 million per year (Myers et al. 2000), while the costs of a global network of protected areas may even reach US$ 27.5 billion per year (James et al. 1999). Even though these costs may seem minor compared to, for example, the costs of global armament, governments in developing countries and environmental organizations are clearly not in the position to finance conservation. It is thus urgent to raise additional funds to safeguard biodiversity. In the following, I suggest a twofold strategy, based on tourism.
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Hanum, Siti Fatimah. "PROGRESS IMPLEMENTATION OF TARGET 9 OF GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR PLANT CONSERVATION CONDUCTED BY INDONESIAN BOTANIC GARDEN NETWORK." BERITA BIOLOGI 20, no. 1 (May 10, 2021): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/beritabiologi.v20i1.3964.
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Plant have been cultivated for a long time, they have been selected and bred by our ancestors for their nutritional qualities, flavor, productivity, storage ability and other valued traits. Crop Wild Relative (CWR) are often neglected because they have not been used for domestication. However, world population growth together with the potentially adverse impact of climate change on agricultural production, calls for greater action to ensure global food security. Indonesian Botanic Garden already ratified Convention on Biodiversity (CBD). One of the programs is the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). The GSPC vision is to stop the plant diversity loss through five objectives and 16 targets for plant conservation to be achieved by 2020. The study was to identify the implementation of target 9 of GSPC by Indonesian Botanic Garden Network. The result showed that there are four reason Indonesian Botanic Garden has participated in target 9 of GSPC, We also provided success stories from other botanic garden to encourage Indonesian Botanic Garden to conserve more Indonesian Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) whilst facilitating their use in crop improvement.
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Samedi, Samedi. "KONSERVASI KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI DI INDONESIA: REKOMENDASI PERBAIKAN UNDANG-UNDANG KONSERVASI." Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.38011/jhli.v2i2.23.
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AbstrakKekayaan Indonesia akan keanekaragaman hayati dengan komponen-komponennyamerupakan masa depan umat manusia sebagai sumber ketahanan pangan, kesehatan dan bahkan energi. Dengan potensi ini,Indonesia wajib melakukan upaya konservasi beserta legislasi yang efektif untuk mengatasi laju kerusakan dan kehilangan keaneragaman hayati yang telah mencapai tingkat yang sangat mengkhawatirkan.Tulisan ini membahas mengenai peran hukum dan kerangka hukum konservasi di Indonesia,utamanya kemampuan undang-undang konservasi dalam penyelamatan sumber daya alam hayati, serta saran perbaikan terhadap undang-undang yang saat ini ada.Saat ini kerangka hukum nasional konservasi keanekaragaman hayati berpusat pada Undang-UndangNo. 5Tahun 1990yang mengadopsi World Conservation Strategy IUCN tahun 1980 yang di tingkat internasional telah mengalami perubahan-perubahan mendasar. Terlepas dari keberhasilan UUini, diantaranya dengan mencadangkan lebih dari 25 juta ha ekosistem daratan dan lautan ke dalam sistem kawasan yang dilindungi (protected areas), undang-undang ini mengandung berbagai kelemahan untuk penerapannya saat ini dan perlu segera direvisi, termasuk harmonisasi yang mendalam dengan undang-undang terkait agar dapat dilaksanakan secara efektif di lapangan. AbstractBiodiversity and its components: genetic resources, species and ecosystem with actual or potential use values to humanity is the future for the survival of humankind. With this potential, it is essential for Indonesia to conserve these resources equipped with effective national legislation to stop and reverse the unprecendented rate of biodiversity loss. This paper aims to discuss the conservation legal framework in Indonesia and the capability of the conservation law to halt unprecedented biodiversity loss and suggested revision for this law.The current legal framework for biodiversity conservation stems on the Act No 5 of 1990 which adopts World Conservation Strategy of IUCN 1980. Under the current framework, more than 25 million hectares of terrestrial and marine areas have been totally protected within protected areas systems. However, this centralistic law has some weaknesses to be effectively implemented at the current contexts. This law needs substantial revision and harmonization with other laws in order to make the implementation effective.
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SMITH, REBECCA K., EMMA RYAN, EMMA MORLEY, and RUSSELL A. HILL. "Resolving management conflicts: could agricultural land provide the answer for an endangered species in a habitat classified as a World Heritage Site?" Environmental Conservation 38, no. 3 (March 14, 2011): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892911000105.
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SUMMARYThe short-interval fires required to promote grazing for large herbivores within the Cape Floristic Region World Heritage Site are detrimental to plant diversity. At the same time, longer interval fires significantly reduce graze quality. Conservation managers thus face an enormous challenge when the herbivores are also a conservation priority, since the competing conservation objectives are difficult to reconcile. Population growth rates of genetically important populations of endangered Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) are low or declining following management focused on their fynbos habitat. Investigation of spatial and temporal habitat use and the diet of Cape mountain zebra, focusing on the use of land historically converted to agricultural grassland within fynbos in De Hoop Nature Reserve (South Africa), determined factors limiting populations and facilitated development of management strategies. Zebras selected grassland over other habitat types, despite grassland accounting for only a small proportion of the reserve. Grasses also made up the greatest proportion of diet for zebras throughout the year. Time spent on grasslands increased with grass height and was likely to have been influenced by grass protein levels. It is likely that grazing resources are a limiting factor for zebra, and so options for improving and/or increasing grassland at De Hoop should be considered. Translocation of surplus males to other conservation areas, reductions in other herbivore populations and targeted burns to increase grassland availability all offer short-term solutions. However, the acquisition of agricultural grassland adjacent to reserves is likely to be a viable long-term management strategy for this and other genetically important Cape mountain zebra populations. Low conservation priority habitats, such as farmland, should be considered for other management conflicts, as they have the potential to play a vital role in conservation.
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Sharma, Utpal, Parag Mistry, and Reema Prajapati. "Revitalization Strategy for Historic Core of Ahmedabad." International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v4i2.555.
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In India, dense historic urban settlements were developed with the intention of provision of spaces for adequate engagement of the people. Public squares and streets became important places of interaction. ‘Historic core,’ especially had public spaces meant for various socioeconomic groups. city is a blend of a harmonious past and a vivacious present. Number of historical and architecturally important buildings were built during Muslim and Moghul rules. One of the first built structures within the walled city is the fort, a citadel founded by sultan Ahmed Shah in 1411 with a huge public square in front, developed for purpose of procession and gathering. This precinct went through various layers of transformation in different eras and now have become vulnerabledue to congestion and encroachment. Though, a need for intervention was felt to bring back the lost vitality of the precinct, it was realized that a comprehensive approach would be the necessity. Conservation and sensitive development approach was taken to tackle this problem through pedestrianization of the precinct, re-routing of traffic and restoration of fort. Larger level traffic and parking issues were also considered beyond the site. Alternative use of fort as tourist information center was considered. Urban design guidelines were proposed for harmonious development in the surrounding area. This proposal was considered for funding under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) and was implemented. Many issues were faced during implementation of project due to contextualization of informal commercial, religious and other cultural activities. Political, social and administrative factors also played immense role in implementation of proposal. Now since Ahmedabad has achieved the status of World Heritage City through UNESCO certification further implementation of this project will be relatively easy due to envisaged strong political and administrative support.
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Achille, C., C. Tommasi, F. Rechichi, F. Fassi, and E. De Filippis. "TOWARDS AN ADVANCED CONSERVATION STRATEGY: A STRUCTURED DATABASE FOR SHARING 3D DOCUMENTATION BETWEEN EXPERT USERS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W15 (August 19, 2019): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w15-9-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Nowadays, the researchers in Cultural Heritage fields investigate more and more about advanced conservation strategies that comprehend the possibility to share and use 3D models and structured information related to them. One of the modern method adopted to achieve this goal is to use structured web-platform. These are online systems that can handle data, created to contain and support precise information. They simultaneously respond to the need for a <q>common</q> ground for different expert users and of a unique tool where to store several kinds of data, coming from heterogeneous sources. The article aims to show how it is possible to build a valid tool for the conservation and monitoring activities of CH, following the national and international legislation and the specific needs of the application field. In particular, it will deepen the criteria to build a 3D model that has to link a database of information, specifying the logic behind it. In the same way, it will show how to structure a database collaborating with the local institutions and experts, following the real needs of the site. The benefit is that this kind of tools gives to the multi-disciplinary works and projects a shared environment for storing and view a different type of data. They can help both the access intended to the conservation activities and both they can open to the public. The application field is the Sacri Monti circuit, which is part of the UNESCO World Heritage List since 2003.</p>
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Fischer, R., S. Nowicki, M. Kelley, and G. A. Schmidt. "A system of conservative regridding for ice/atmosphere coupling in a GCM." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 6, no. 4 (December 6, 2013): 6493–568. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-6493-2013.
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Abstract. The method of elevation classes has proven to be a useful way for a low-resolution general circulation model (GCM) to produce high-resolution downscaled surface mass balance fields, for use in one-way studies coupling GCMs and ice flow models. Past uses of elevation classes have been a cause of non-conservation of mass and energy, caused by inconsistency in regridding schemes chosen to regrid to the atmosphere vs. downscaling to the ice model. This causes problems for two-way coupling. A strategy that resolves this conservation issue has been designed and is presented here. The approach identifies three grids between which data must be regridded, and five transformations between those grids required by a typical coupled GCM–ice flow model. This paper shows how each of those transformations may be achieved in a consistent, conservative manner. These transformations are implemented in GLINT2, a library used to couple GCMs with ice models. Source code and documentation are available for download. Confounding real-world issues are discussed, including the use of projections for ice modeling, how to handle dynamically changing ice geometry, and modifications required for finite element ice models.