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Journal articles on the topic 'World Bank Kenya'
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1
Arthur, Emmanuel Kwesi, Salome Mwongeli Musau, and Festus Mithi Wanjohi. "Remittances through formal and alternative channels and its effect on financial inclusion in Kenya." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 9, no. 7 (December 12, 2020): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v9i7.956.
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In the current dynamic world, those with no or little access to key financial products and services suffer a great deal of disservice. This study examines the effect of remittance channels (commercial banks and alternative sources) have on financial inclusion and then check the moderating effect of money remittance regulation on the relationship between the remittance channels and financial inclusion in Kenya. It uses the World Bank and Central Bank of Kenya’s dataset on remittances and financial inclusion covering the period from 2009 to 2018. We estimate our model using the Ordinary Least Square assumptions to find the association. We find that remittances from alternative channels other than commercial banks influence financial inclusion in Kenya. We further notice that the money remittance regulations have no moderating effect on the relationship between remittance channels and financial inclusion in Kenya. Our results suggest that commercial banks are not able to appropriately sell their products and services to remittance-receiving households while fintech and other internet remitting service providers seem to roll on products and services that enhance the use of savings and credit facilities. We suggest that more avenues and policies should be enacted to foster the use of alternative sources while improving structures within commercial banks to empower financial inclusion in Kenya
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Gillies, David. "Human Rights, Governance, and Democracy: The World Bank's Problem Frontiers." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 11, no. 1 (March 1993): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016934419301100102.
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This article examines the case for and against applying political conditions to World Bank lending, the circumstances that might trigger such conditions, and the means by which they may be applied. It also surveys the genesis and diverse meaning of the ‘good governance’ agenda and briefly examines how the Bank responded to human rights abuses in China and Kenya.
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Matanda, Joshua, and Samuel Mbalu. "EFFECT OF EXTERNAL DEBT LIABILITY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN KENYA." International Journal of Economics 6, no. 1 (September 8, 2021): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijecon.1368.
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Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of external debt liability on economic growth in Kenya.
Materials and Methods: The descriptive research design was adopted. The target population was three institutions: The National Treasury, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, and the World Bank. The study used time series data. The designated sample for this study covered a period of 43 years (1977–2019). Secondary data was used in this study. The data collected was on GDP of Kenya between 1977 and 2019, External public debt in terms of US dollars from 1977 to 2019, External private debt from 1977 and 2019 and external debt service payments from 1977 to 2019, all in US dollars. A data collection sheet was used to collect the data on the four variables. World Bank and World Development Indicator economic Meta data and published data by Central Bank of Kenya and the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics were the source of data for this study. The study used Eviews version 10 for analyzing and presenting study findings. The study employed multivariate time series and panel data regression analysis. The model employed GDP as a measure of economic growth and external public debt, external private debt, and external debt service payment as its main independent variables.
Results: The study found out that only the external private debt and the debt service payment showed bilateral causal relationship. External public debt and external private debt had a positive and significant effect on the GDP, indicating that external debt promotes economic growth in Kenya. The external debt service payment showed a negative and a significant effect on the GDP as well. The model explained 97% variability of the GDP as explained by the three independent variables combined. The 3% is attributed to other factors, not included in this study.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends a more robust multivariate model to be employed to include more macro-economic variables to explain economic growth. A decade-to-decade comparison can also be done to compare the effects of the external debt on Kenyan economic growth in different time intervals. Fiscal and monetary policies should be reviewed to encourage more domestic and foreign investments and discourage external borrowing to fund budget deficits or projects with low or no returns.
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Mingst, Karen A. "Inter-organizational politics: the World Bank and the African Development Bank." Review of International Studies 13, no. 4 (October 1987): 281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026021050011352x.
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The undisputed proliferation of international organizations has been interpreted in several ways by members of the scholarly community. Probably most see the explosion in numbers and kinds of actors as a peripheral development; in the realist and neo-realist tradition, the primacy of the state and the state system remains largely unaffected. Others are sceptical of what the trend means and so have developed research agendas examining more closely international organization influence on states and impact on issues. Yet few international relations scholars have paid attention to what this proliferation means for relations among various organizations and its effects on states. However, with so many of these organizations involved in economic development activities, it is very likely that these organizations willingly and sometimes unwittingly encounter each other particularly in Third World countries. Rumours abound of IGOs and NGOs ‘stumbling over each other’ in the capitals of Sahelian countries vying for the attention of too few government officials, leading to negative impacts on policy. In Indo-China, Gordenker finds ‘increasing friction and clogging’ from the rapid expansion of United Nations High Commission for Refugees activities, as they intersect with the International Red Cross, Unicef, and private voluntary organizations. Yet not all interaction is conflictual. Nongovernmental aid agencies in Thailand co-operate closely, as do the International Monetary Fund and World Bank in Kenya.
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Noor, Ibrahim Moge. "Sentiment Analysis on New Currency in Kenya Using Twitter Dataset." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 3 (April 30, 2020): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v3.503.
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Social media sites recently became popular, it is clear that it has major influence in society, and almost one third of the entire world are in social media. It became a platform where people express their feelings, share their ideas, wisdoms and give feedback of an event or a product, with help of new technology it gave us an opportunity to analyse these contents easily. Twitter being one of these sites, with full of people opinions, where one can truck sentiment express about different kind of topics, instead of wasting time and energy for long surveys, due to advance sentiment analysis we can now collect a huge data of opinions of people. Sentiment analysis was one of the major interesting research area nowadays. In this paper we focused Sentimental insight into the 2019 Kenya currency replacement. Kenya government has announced that the country currency is to be replace wıth new generatıon of bank notes, the government ordered the Kenyan citizen to return back the old 1000 shilling notes ($10) to bank by 1st October 2019, in a bid to fight against corruption and money laundering. Kenyans citizen expressed their reaction over new banknotes. We perform sentiment analysis of the tweets using Multinomial Naïve Bayes algorithm by utilizing data from one of the social media platform–Twitter and I have collected during this period of demonetization, 1122 tweets from twitter using web scrapper with help of twitter advance search.
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Sovacool, Benjamin. "Cooperative or Inoperative? Accountability and Transparency at the World Bank’s Inspection Panel." Case Studies in the Environment 1, no. 1 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cse.2017.000463.
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The World Bank remains the largest international financial institution in the world. This case study examines the effectiveness of the World Bank’s Inspection Panel. The Inspection Panel makes it possible for citizens and communities to challenge World Bank projects through an independently administered accountability process. Between 1994 and 2016, the World Bank Inspection Panel has received 112 requests for inspection across more than 50 countries. This case study analyzes the history, dynamics, benefits, and barriers to the Inspection Panel, including an assessment of World Bank projects spread across Albania, Argentina, Bangladesh, Benin, Brazil, Cameroon, Chad, China, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, India, Kenya, Lesotho, Nepal, Nigeria, Romania, Tibet, Togo, and Uzbekistan. On doing so, this case study highlights how Inspection Panels like the one operating at the World Bank can improve and enhance governance outcomes and result in more equitable decision-making processes. Yet there are also limits to what such independent accountability mechanisms can accomplish.
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Abodi, Maurine Adhiambo, Gideon Aiko Obare, and Isaac Maina Kariuki. "Effects of Maize Importation on the Economic Welfare of Maize Producers and Consumers in Kenya: A Partial Equilibrium Model Approach." Contemporary Agriculture 71, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2022): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2022-0021.
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Summary Maize imports bridge the maize supply-demand gap in Kenya. However, this does not automatically imply any positive or negative effects of such imports on the economic welfare of maize producers and consumers in the country. Nevertheless, there is a limited body of literature dealing with maize importation effects on the economic welfare of maize producers and consumers in Kenya. This paper provides the empirical evidence of maize importation effects on the economic welfare of Kenyan maize producers and consumers. For the purpose of determining such effects, time series secondary data for the period 1963–2016 (FAOSTAT, World Bank and Kenya National Bureau of Statistics) and the partial equilibrium model were used (which is suitable for measuring the effects of pricing policies on specific sectors, allowing for perfect substitutability between domestically produced and imported goods). The maize imports in Kenya were found to yield ambiguous effects on the economic welfare of both maize consumers and producers in the country. The consumer surplus calculated gained only the compensated loss in the producer surplus in 2 out of 11 points of analysis. Conversely, the producer surplus calculated gained only a compensated loss in the consumer surplus in 1 out of 11 points of analysis. The resultant net economic welfare effect of maize importation in Kenya was found negative, indicating adverse impacts on both the Kenyan maize sector and economy as a whole. To ensure the sustainability and development of the maize sector in Kenya, further maize imports are considered not feasible without compensating the losses in the country’s maize sector. Therefore, complementary reforms should be introduced to forge a link between world and consumer prices, and encourage producers to respond to production incentives. This will not only benefit maize producers and consumers, but will also facilitate the efficient allocation of resources for the improvement of the maize sub-sector competitiveness.
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Ong’ondo, Wiberforce. "FOREIGN CAPITAL FLOWS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH OF KENYA." International Journal of Finance and Accounting 3, no. 2 (October 29, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijfa.752.
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The purpose of the study was to establish the effects of foreign capital flows on economic growth of Kenya. The study employed a quantitative research design. The target population of this study was Kenya since it is the Center of analysis. Considering that the population is one country, Kenya, secondary data was collected over a period of 25 years from 1993 to 2017. Therefore, the number of observations was X * 25 = 25. The research conducted a census on Kenya using secondary data from Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE), Capital Markets Authority (CMA), Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), Central Bank of Kenya, World Bank and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Data over time was analyzed using a time series model and trend analysis. Model test and correlation analysis were done before conducting regression and univariate regression analysis. The study found that, when external commercial borrowing is increased by one US dollar, annual GDP will increase by 395.990% when all other factors are kept constant. The opposite also applies. But, if external commercial borrowing is zero, annual GDP will decrease by USD 8,151,662,920.94 when all other factors are kept constant. Additionally, when Foreign Portfolio investment is increased by one US dollar, annual GDP will increase by 805.37% when all other factors are kept constant. The opposite also applies. But, if Foreign Portfolio Investment is zero, annual GDP will remain to be USD 25394237979 when all other factors are kept constant. Also, when FDI is increased by one US dollar, annual GDP will increase by 3026.30% when all other factors are kept constant. The opposite also applies. But, if FDI is zero, annual GDP will still increase by USD 18493289187.3 when all other factors are kept constant. Further results revealed that when Non-Resident Kenyan Deposits are increased by one US dollar, annual GDP will increase by 3738.65% when all other factors are kept constant. The opposite also applies. But, if Non-Resident Kenyan Deposits is zero, annual GDP will remain to be USD 4869680695.47 when all other factors are kept constant. The study recommends that the Government pursues policies that will attract and favour net increases in Foreign Direct Investments, Foreign Portfolio Investments, External Commercial Borrowings and Non-Resident Kenyan deposits into the country.
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Dennis, Onserio, Dr Noor Ismail, and Dr Entere Kirima. "EFFECT OF STRATEGIC PROCUREMENT ON PERFORMANCE OF WORLD BANK FUNDED PROJECTS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA." International Journal of Supply Chain and Logistics 5, no. 2 (June 12, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijscl.588.
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Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine influence of strategic procurement on performance of world bank funded projects in nairobi city couty, Kenya
Methodology: This research study adopted a descriptive research design approach. The researcher preferred this method because it allows an in-depth study of the subject. To gather data, structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 120 officers working for the implementing agencies spread in various World Bank funded projects in Nairobi City County. . As a rule of thumb census was used because the total population is less than 200. Once collected, data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Quantitative data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The qualitative data generated was analyzed by use of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.
Results: The response rate of the study was 87%. The study findings of the study indicated that vendor optimization, outsourcing, information technology adoption and total quality management had a positive impact on the performance of World Bank funded projects in Nairobi City County, Kenya such as general cost reduction of projects, greater customer satisfaction and timely delivery of the projects.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: the study recommended that public institutions should embrace strategic procurement so as to improve performance and further research should to be carried out in other institutions to find out if the same results can be obtained since the findings may not be applicable to all other counties, or implementing agencies in Kenya and the world at large.
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Mburu, Irene Muthoni, Lucy Wamugo Mwangi, and Stephen M. A. Muathe. "Credit Management Practices and Loan Performance: Empirical Evidence from Commercial Banks in Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects in Finance, Banking and Accounting 2, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcfa.v2i1.105.
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Commercial banks in Kenya as per the World Bank report were recording higher non-performance in loans over the study period than the standard globally in spite of Kenya having the most stable and developed banking system in East and Central Africa region. Commercial banks non-performing loans for five years from 2015 to 2018 averaged eleven percent which was higher than the recommended rate of one percent. In Kenya, commercial banks’ non-performing loans remain higher than the recommended rate which could be due to inadequate credit management practices. The study therefore aimed at examining the effect of credit management practices on loan performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to establish the effect of debt collection policy, client appraisal and lending policy on the loan performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The underpinning theory of the study was the 5Cs model for credit. The study used explanatory research design and the research philosophy adopted was positivism. The target population was 44 commercial banks in Kenya and a census approach was used. Both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires and related to credit management practices while secondary data was obtained from review of existing bank loan records in relation to loan amount advanced and non-performing loans for a period of four years from 2015-2018. The data collected was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS version 22. The study found out that debt collection policy and lending policy had a positive significant effect on loan performance of commercial banks in Kenya. However, client appraisal had no significant effect on loan performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Therefore, the study concluded that commercial banks’ loan performance could be largely attributed to the efficiency of the credit management practices put in place at the institutions. The study recommended that commercial banks to regularly evaluate and update practices relating to debt collection policy, client appraisal and lending policy that are capable of ensuring that credit risks are identified and recorded from departmental level to the institution at large. This is vital in light of technological innovations in the banking sector like mobile lending that may limit commercial banks’ ability to evaluate and manage credit using traditional methods.
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Wekesa, Carol Teresa, Nelson H. Wawire, and George Kosimbei. "Effects of Infrastructure Development on Foreign Direct Investment in Kenya." Journal of Infrastructure Development 8, no. 2 (December 2016): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974930616667875.
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Kenya’s foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows as a percentage of GDP have been increasing negligibly over the last 4 years, increasing from 0.4 per cent in 2010 to 0.9 per cent in 2013. And yet evidence shows that quality infrastructure lowers the cost of doing business and thus attracts FDI. Kenya has visible signs of infrastructure inadequacy and inefficiencies despite the fact that since the year 2000, there has been increased budgetary allocation to the infrastructure sector. This study, therefore, sought to determine the effects of transport, energy, communication and water and waste infrastructure development on FDI inflows in Kenya. The study used annual time series data sourced from Central Bank of Kenya, World Bank and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Using multiple regression analysis, it was established that improved transport infrastructure, communication infrastructure, water and waste infrastructure, exchange rate, economic growth and trade openness are important determinants of FDI inflows into Kenya. Hence, for Kenya to attract more FDI, continued infrastructural development is key since quality infrastructure affords investors a conducive investment climate in which to operate.
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Musyoka, Ndanu, and Dr Kennedy N. Ocharo. "REAL INTEREST RATE, INFLATION, EXCHANGE RATE, COMPETITIVENESS AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN KENYA." American Journal of Economics 3, no. 1 (May 17, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/aje.330.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of real interest rates, exchange rate, inflation and competitiveness on FDI in Kenya. Methodology: The study used annual time series data for the period 1970-2016. The sources of data included World Bank Indicators and Kenya National Bureau of Statistics annual reports. Data was collected for the variables real interest rates, exchange rates, inflation rate, competitiveness/ease of doing business and FDI. The data for all the variables was in percentage. The study employed ordinary least square regression technique to determine the effect of real interest rate, exchange rate, inflation and competitiveness on FDI in Kenya. Results: From the findings, the study concluded that real interest rates and exchange rates have negative and significant influence on FDI inflows into Kenya. Further, the study concluded that competitiveness has a positive and significant influence on foreign direct investment inflows into Kenya. However, inflation was found to have insignificant influence on FDI.Unique Contribution to Policy: There is need for favourable interest rates, desirable exchange rates and liberalization of the economy by undertaking comprehensive programmes to trade reforms, designed to open the economy and increase its competiveness. The Kenyan government should also encourage freedom of capital transactions with foreigners and competition in domestic market.
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Iraki, X. N. "Is Kenya Facing East or West: An Empirical Analysis." International Business Research 11, no. 12 (December 3, 2018): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v11n12p134.
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In the last two decades China’s economic influence in Africa has increased espoused by huge investment in infrastructure like roads, railways, airports and seaports. This has led many scholars to suggest that Africa is facing East away from the traditional West. The Western influence had permeated into governance, education religion and even consumption. Of interest is if China has successfully displaced the west from Africa in such a short time. This study investigates if Africa, in particular Kenya has really faced East (read China). We expect economies near each other geographically or are culturally close because of history e.g. colonialism to have highly correlated GDP growths. This is supported by gravity theory of trade. In this paper, GDP growth rates of Kenya and a selected number of countries from the West and East are correlated for a 50 years period. Analysis is then broken into decades to see the change in patterns. Analysis of correlations during the different Kenyan presidencies then before and after the cold war is carried out. All the data in this paper is sourced from World Development Indicators, a World Bank Data base. The hype about facing East for Kenya is not supported by data. Kenya in the last 20 years has looked East, but did not abandon the West. This dualism may change with Brexit, Trump in White House and envisaged Africa’s free trade area.
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Chebet, Sarah, and Peter W. Muriu. "Factors Influencing The Demand For Credit By The Private Sector In Kenya." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 16 (June 28, 2016): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n16p390.
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This study investigates the effects of selected macroeconomic variables on the Demand for credit by the private sector in Kenya. The study used annual time series data for the period 1980-2012. Data was obtained from Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, World Development Indicators and supplemented by Central Bank of Kenya. Using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) methodology, the study established that; Public investment, Short term interest rate, Long term interest rate, Employment and Domestic debt have a positive effect on demand for credit by the private sector, while per capita GDP and Exchange rate have a negative effect. The policy implication of these results is that providing sound economic growth policies, a stable macroeconomic situation, policies leading to lower credit cost and greater financial liberalization would simultaneously boost lending and lower the risk of lending to the private sector.
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Safari, Kulondwa. "Contribution of Internationalisation to SME Growth: Evidence from the Kenyan Manufacturing Sector." Economics and Business 34, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eb-2020-0017.
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Abstract Sub-Saharan African countries are among the poorest countries in the world and there is a need to develop their economies. Researchers suggest the promotion of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to foster economic development in countries. Internationalisation has been proved to be a key strategy for SME growth. This study investigates the effect of internationalisation on manufacturing SME growth in Kenya. Kenya is a developing country and the leading economy in the East African community. Using data from the World Bank enterprise survey, a sample of 94 SMEs operating in Kenya between 2013 and 2018 was selected. Multiple linear regression analysis using ordinary least square (OLS) was applied and the results revealed that internationalisation through direct exports contributed positively to the growth of manufacturing SMEs in Kenya. The findings of the study suggest that policy makers should promote internationalisation of SMEs in Kenya to improve the doing business environment in general and remove external barriers to internationalisation of SMEs at the national and international level in particular.
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Odhiambo, Fredrick, Thomas Mose, and Tobias Mwalili. "Precursors of Cloud Computing Adoption in Selected Banks in Kenya." International Journal of Technology and Systems 7, no. 2 (October 27, 2022): 56–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijts.1676.
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Purpose: The study analyzed the precursors of adoption of cloud computing in selected banks in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to establish the effect of data security on adoption of cloud computing in selected banks in Kenya, to establish how organizational culture affects adoption of cloud computing in selected banks in Kenya, to establish how supplier lock- in affects adoption of cloud computing in selected banks in Kenya and to establish how regulatory policy affects adoption of cloud computing in selected banks in Kenya.
Methodology: The study employed descriptive research design and inferential statistics. The target population was 366 ICT staff from 3 selected banks namely NCBA, KCB Bank and Equity bank. The selected banks had the largest market share according to published CBK supervisory report for year 2020. The sample size was 191 respondents. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Responses in the questionnaires were tabulated, coded and processed by use of a computer statistical package for social sciences version 28 (SPSS) program to analyze the data. The responses from the open-ended questions were listed to obtain proportions appropriately and then reported by descriptive narrative. Descriptive statistics like mean, standard deviation were used. The ANOVA test was used to establish the findings from the study and results presented in graphs and charts.
Findings: Cloud computing adoption was evaluated for the select commercial banks across three areas namely core-banking systems, middle office and compliance systems and back-office, data science and innovation systems over a period of five years. The respondents indicated that no more than one cloud computing project was either in planning, implementation, failed or completed stages, indicating that despite the perceived benefits of cloud computing there are precursors that need to be addressed if the commercial banks are to fully embrace cloud computing.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: In terms of policy, the findings of the study will be important to regulators like CA, CBK and other institutions that regulate financial institutions in coming up with relevant guidelines when it comes to handling customer data within Cloud Computing environment. It gives banking sector perspective of some of the issues that require attention if the envisaged benefits of clod computing are to be fully realized. This is important not only to the policy makers but also to the cloud service providers . Additionally, the findings give a theoretical basis of validating the antecedents of cloud computing adoption in the banking sector in Kenya and this can be extended to the rest of the world. The findings give a practical perspective of the real concerns the banks have to contend with from a practical perspective and therefore very critical in advancement of cloud computing technologies.
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Mosley, Paul. "Agricultural Performance in Kenya since 1970: Has the World Bank Got it Right?" Development and Change 17, no. 3 (July 1986): 513–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.1986.tb00252.x.
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Mageto, Geoffrey. "The Effect of Social Media Interactive Messaging on Customer Loyalty of Commercial Banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya." Journal of Marketing and Communication 115, no. 131 (November 10, 2022): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t2105.
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Social media interactive messaging is rapidly becoming a major marketing practice in the corporate world. Modern organizations are recognizing the interactive nature of social media platforms as breaker of barriers that initially limited customer-company interactions. Commercial banks have not been left behind in the intensified journey of using social media platforms to interact with customers in real-time and use it a s tool to inspire customer loyalty. However, existing literature has not empirically established if adopting the social media interactive messaging can significantly customer loyalty of commercial banks in Kenya. Moreover, some banking organizations have not fully optimized interactive messaging feature of the social networking sites to inspire customer loyalty. The current study investigated the effect of social media interactive messaging on customer loyalty of commercial banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study was underpinned by the honeycomb model and the technology acceptance model. A primary research methodology was applied. A closed-ended questionnaire was administered to random sample of 384 commercial bank customers. Data collected was coded and entered into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study results revealed that social media interactive messaging has a significant positive effect on customer loyalty of commercial banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study recommends that commercial banks in Kenya improve the ease of use of their social media pages to inspire customer usage for communications. Keywords: Social media, interactive messaging, commercial banks, Nairobi City County.
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MOSLEY, PAUL. "THE POLITICS OF ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION: USAID AND THE WORLD BANK IN KENYA, 1980-84." African Affairs 85, no. 338 (January 1986): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097742.
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De Moerloose, Stephanie, and Makane Moïse Mbengue. "A managerial approach for the coherent development of sustainable development law." Revista Jurídica Piélagus 17, no. 2 (July 27, 2018): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25054/16576799.1839.
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While judicial bodies have proliferated in the last fifty years in a process that has been deemed “quasi-anarchic” (Guillaume, G., 2000) creating a risk of inconsistency in their decisions which would endanger the international law system, quasi-judicial bodies such as Multilateral Development Banks' accountability mechanisms are not spared by this legal phenomenon. They have diverse proceedings and jurisdictions, operate with different sets of environmental and social safeguards, but may confront similar factual scenarios, especially in the case of co-financing.
The recent Kenya Electricity Expansion Project presented before the World Bank and the European Investment Bank’s accountability mechanisms illustrates that, through a managerial approach, potentially conflicting findings can be avoided. This paper aims to show that quasi-judicial bodies can constitute a source of inspiration for the integrated development of international law.
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Obengo, Tom. "Medical debt during epidemics: A case for resolving the situation in low- and middle-income countries such as Kenya." Wellcome Open Research 7 (October 4, 2022): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18403.1.
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This paper evaluates the problem of medical debt in Kenya during the COVID-19 pandemic. The medical debt problem is compounded during pandemics such as COVID-19 when patients seek treatment and end up in insurmountable debt because illnesses related to the pandemic are not covered by the Kenyan National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF), the public health coverage body under government control. As a result, discharged patients may be detained in hospitals and dead bodies are locked away in mortuaries, until relatives and friends fundraise and clear the bills. Apart from causing vulnerability, fear, and emotional stress among the poor, this practice leads to a growing lack of trust in the healthcare system, with patients deliberately avoiding hospitals whenever they suspect they have COVID-19. The resulting vicious cycle makes healthcare more inaccessible by limiting the choices that people may have. User fees, which were introduced in all public health facilities by the Kenyan government as part of a World Bank prescription for cost-sharing, normally affect more women than men. Although Kenya has implemented a general waiver system in public hospitals for those who cannot pay their medical bills, the process of obtaining this waiver can be burdensome, demeaning, and dangerous for the health of the patients. This undermines the government’s commitment to the provision of equitable and affordable health care for the citizens. In this article, the problem of medical debt in Kenya is addressed as a multi-faceted problem drawing on issues of justice and fairness, human dignity, good governance, the interplay between global and local policies, as well as politics and law. It argues that it is in the best interest of Kenya and other African countries to ensure that public health coverage covers pandemics so that the majority poor can afford and access healthcare.
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Klopp, Jacqueline M., and Janai R. Orina. "University Crisis, Student Activism, and the Contemporary Struggle for Democracy in Kenya." African Studies Review 45, no. 1 (April 2002): 43–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002020600031541.
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Abstract:In many parts of Africa, university systems are in crisis; squalid conditions, student strife, and increasing state violence have turned many campuses into battlegrounds. Through an in-depth look at the Kenyan case, this paper examines some of the deep political dynamics of the current desperate situation. We demonstrate how in Kenya, state–university links involve attempts by higher-level government officials to control campuses through patronage, surveillance, and violence and how institutional configurations facilitate this. As the burden of repression falls on student activists who challenge current power configurations, we examine the current crisis through a student lens. By presenting and analyzing the historical narrative of student activism on campus, we show the inadequacy of overly structural, economic approaches to the crisis favored by the World Bank and some of its critics. Instead, we show the critical importance of understanding how the university crisis is organically linked to wider political processes, including local struggle over democratization of the state and economy.
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Balachander, Jayshree. "World Bank Support for Early Childhood Development: Case Studies from Kenya, India, and the Philippines." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 20, no. 1 (January 1999): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659902000112.
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Wanyama, Makokha Peter, Lydia N. Wambugu, and Peter Keiyoro. "Marketing Reform Interventions in the Performance of World Bank Financed Agricultural Programmes in Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya." Journal of Sustainable Development 14, no. 3 (April 28, 2021): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v14n3p136.
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The main objective of this study was examine contribution of marketing reform interventions on the performance of agricultural programmes funded by the World Bank in Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya. The study arose out of the need to quantify the worth of reform packages currently implemented in the agriculture sector thorough innovative interventions. The sample size of this study was 268 respondents determined using the simplified Yamane formula of proportions. Pragmatism school of thought was the best suited philosophy to guide this study as it complemented the epistemological, methodological and axiological underpinnings desired for mixed-mode research. Results obtained showed β weight of 0.181 (F- value (0.029); ρ-value= 0.05) implying that marketing reforms contributed positively to the performance of agricultural programmes. Further analysis generated R=0.125, R2= 0.016 and adjusted R2 =0.012 indicating a better fit for the model and that marketing reform contributed to the performance of agricultural programmes by 1.6%. The analysis also generated F- value (0.029); (p<0.05) and the F-calculated (4.796) being significantly larger than the critical value (F=2.454) suggesting up to 95% chance the model’s strength in explaining it is statistically significant. These results support outcomes theory by providing documented analysis and empirical evidence to support the formulation of research-based policies and regulations. Findings from the study will therefore contribute immensely to the growth of project management discipline and agricultural marketing practices in Kenya and globally.
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SILAS, PETER MWIATHI, Nelson H. W. Wawire, and Perez A. Onono Okelo. "EFFECTS OF FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN KENYA." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 6, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol6.iss1.937.
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The Kenya government has instituted fiscal decentralization over the years to promote social economic development, reduce poverty and income inequality and ensure balanced regional development. Despite these efforts, poverty levels have remained high in Kenya. The literature on the relationship between fiscal decentralization and poverty has been rather inconclusive about the effects of fiscal decentralization on poverty. The main objective of this paper was to analyse the effects of fiscal decentralization on poverty in Kenya. Using cross-county panel data from 2002 – 2014 and published data from government agencies, UNDP reports and World Bank reports, the paper estimated various empirical models to analyse the effects intergovernmental transfers, sub-national own-source revenue and county expenditure on poverty in Kenya. The study established that the effect of fiscal decentralization on poverty depends on the nature of decentralization and the extent of fiscal decentralization as well as the county specifics. The paper therefore, recommends the need for for county governments to have adequate own-source revenue to finance their expenditure as opposed to relying on intergovernmental transfers from national government.
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Chesaina, Francis, and Esther Gitonga. "Service Delivery and Performance of Kenya Commercial Bank Limited: A Critical Review of Literature." International Journal of Current Aspects 3, no. II (April 20, 2019): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcab.v3iii.7.
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The overall goal of any business entity is to have the needs of customers satisfied. In the business world customers are the source of profit and revenue for the service organizations and improvements in service delivery leads to customer loyalty. Rapid developments in the business environment such as globalization have made organizations to adopt a spirit of completion and innovation so as to be able to meet the equally changing customer needs and expectations. In order to compete effectively, it has become essential for businesses to constantly improve on the quality of their products and services by marketing, product differentiation and cost reduction. The changes in the environment is forcing organizations to move from a retail model that emphasizes transaction processing and operational capabilities to one that focuses more effectively on the needs of customers, recognizing that they often vary across segments. In a move to optimize services and diminish costs, banks are regularly migrating towards a twenty four hour service where clients are enjoying the superior sense of independence that this creates. This study seeks to establish the effect of service delivery on performance of Kenya Commercial Bank Limited, Kenya. The review is based on SERVQUAL model Systems, Modelling Theory, Gaps Model of Service Quality and Theory of Performance. The literature reviewed indicates that service delivery by Kenya Commercial Bank improves organization performance. However, the specific service delivery channels and tools are noted to differ from one organization to the next. The level of service delivery will also be different and expected to influence organization performance. This is in line with SERVQUAL that requires assessing level and type of service delivery would lead to higher customer satisfaction and thus organization performance. The level of service quality in term of reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy and responsiveness are crucial to be studied. This review therefore recommends for an empirical study to assess how service delivery affects performance at KCB. KCB management is also recommended to put in place mechanisms of ensuring sustained service delivery and thus maintain above competition organization performance.
This is an open-access article published and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License of United States unless otherwise stated. Access, citation and distribution of this article is allowed with full recognition of the authors and the source.
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Murunga, Catherine, Dr Ruto Reuben, Dr Umulkher Ali, and Dr Edwin Simiyu. "Effect of Infrastructural Development on Kenya’s Manufacturing Exports to EAC Region." International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research 06, no. 10 (2022): 84–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.51505/ijebmr.2022.61006.
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Manufacturing industries have played a significant role in boosting economic wellbeing in the world through accelerating and maintaining greater productivity growth, boosting employment options for semi-skilled workers, and increasing country competitiveness through exports. Kenya, like many other developing nations, is working to build a strong manufacturing industry. Agriculture and services have been the primary drivers of growth in the country. Historically, the manufacturing sector's contribution to Kenya's economy has remained constant at 10% of GDP, and in 2021 it was around 8.4 percent. As a result, the country has seen an early deindustrialization, as evidenced by the manufacturing sector's contribution to GDP, which was just 8.4% in 2021 and 9.2% in 2016. Boosting manufacturing sector results remains a key priority for Kenya, as evidenced by the slew of planned interventions for the industry that have been created over the years. The government has established Vision 2030, the Kenya Industrial Transformation Programme (KITP), and, most recently, the Big 4 Agenda to modernize the industrial sector. The major goal of this research was to see how infrastructure development (ID) affected Kenya's manufactured exports to the East African Community (EAC). The specific goals were to determine the impact of infrastructure development on Kenya's manufacturing exports to the EAC region. Gravity model was used as the theoretical framework for the study, which is based on the theory of international trade and employs a correlation research design that is ideal for dynamic panel data models. Each country's data for the study variables was obtained from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Kenya Nation Bureau of Statistics, World Bank development and African Development Bank for six EAC members for the period 2007–2021. Unit root test, Im-Pesaran and Shin, Levin-Li-Chu tests were used in the study. The Im-Pesaran unit root test results at Levels indicated that all the variables except inflation had unit root at levels as indicated by the p-values>0.05, except inflation which had a p-value of 0.0006
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MOSKOWITZ, KARA. "‘ARE YOU PLANTING TREES OR ARE YOU PLANTING PEOPLE?’ SQUATTER RESISTANCE AND INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE MAKING OF A KENYAN POSTCOLONIAL POLITICAL ORDER (c. 1963–78)." Journal of African History 56, no. 1 (January 30, 2015): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853714000668.
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AbstractThis article examines squatter resistance to a World Bank-funded forest and paper factory project. The article illustrates how diverse actors came together at the sites of rural development projects in early postcolonial Kenya. It focuses on the relationship between the rural squatters who resisted the project and the political elites who intervened, particularly President Kenyatta. Together, these two groups not only negotiated the reformulation of a major international development program, but they also worked out broader questions about political authority and political culture. In negotiating development, rural actors and political elites decided how resources would be distributed and they entered into new patronage-based relationships, processes integral to the making of the postcolonial political order.
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Kamakia, Antony, Shi Guoqing, and Mohammad Zaman. "Development Projects and the Economic Displacement of Urban Micro-Enterprises in Nairobi City, Kenya." International Journal of Global Sustainability 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijgs.v2i1.12446.
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The 21st century has been much associated with globalization and infrastructure booms. These factors have led to accelerated urban renewal projects, tailored to accommodate urban growth in many Countries. For Kenya, numerous urban renewal projects are in the pipeline, under the auspices of blueprints such as the Nairobi Urban Transport Master Plan (2014-2030). Recently, Kenya has also upgraded its land acquisition and displacement framework to manage development projects with enormous land acquisition, among other reasons. The framework apportions different entitlements to both formal and informal PAPs displaced by development projects. The question, however, is the effectiveness of the framework, as concerns economic displacement of vulnerable informal micro-enterprises. This paper is a culmination of research undertaken on the displaced informal micro-enterprises during the expansion of outer ring road in Nairobi, Kenya. A sample of 210 of the 615 displaced micro-enterprises was selected using systematic random sampling. Both quantitative and qualitative research techniques are utilized. Results indicate that even though the project had adequate income and livelihood restoration components, they were non-prioritized hence negative impacts and outcomes to the dislocated micro-enterprises. The major recommendation is that Kenya should adopt resettlement with development where resettlement is carried out as a separate development project lasting more than ten years. Also, the micro-enterprise and DIDR frameworks can be strategically linked to deliver synergetic outputs. The international finance Institutions such as World Bank can also assist in the highlighted aspects, during this period when they are fortifying Country systems for DIDR across the World.
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Abdulkadr, Ahmed, Leanard Juma, Adol Gogo, and György Neszmélyi. "East African Transport Infrastructure: The Cases of Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 4 (December 2022): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2022.4.8.
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East African region is one of the underdeveloped regions in the world with untapped natural resources. With the increase in population size, countries’ infrastructural development is a key in assuring sustainable development and hence assures food security. Although the region has a huge economic development potential, yet it is well characterized with high poverty level. This study therefore focuses on critically reviewing the existing literatures on accessibility, quality and challenges of road and air transport infrastructure in the region and its importance for regional integration focusing on Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania. Graphs are used to describe the secondary data obtained from World Bank. Hence, insufficient transport facilities, high cost of infrastructure development and poor transport management are the main challenges in the region. Transport facilities promote production of goods and services and ensure their proper distribution channel to avoid regional inequalities and scarcity of goods and services. The quality of both road and air transport in Kenya is better than in Ethiopia and Tanzania with value of above world median index. Moreover, improving the overall system of the transport infrastructure will play a significant impact on the economic development of respective countries and the region. In conclusion, with the increased flow of population and trade integration between countries, transportation access and system of implementing institutions need to be improved.
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Misango, Kelvin Mutira, Dr Richard Siele, and Dr Kipruto Kemboi. "Assessment of Government Health Expenditure and Economic Growth in Kenya." Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen, dan Ekonomi 3, no. 2 (June 17, 2022): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47747/jbme.v3i2.738.
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Kenya's Vision projected an economic growth rate of 10 per cent per annum from 2008 to 2030 which has not been achieved to date. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of Health Expenditure on economic growth in Kenya as one of the health indicator hindering growth rate. The study adopted the endogenous growth theory and incorporated key health expenditure into the model as a function of human capital. The research design employed was explanatory and relied on secondary data from World Bank from 1987 to 2018. Applying the regression model, the results revealed that the coefficient of healthcare expenditure was 0.3032, which was positive and insignificant at a 5 per cent level. This implied that for every one per cent increase in the coefficient of health care expenditure, the GDP growth rate could increase by 0.3032 %. The Kenya government could put in place health policies promoting citizens' health under social pillar and also increase allocation to health care to promote economic growth
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Monga're, Carolyne K., and Dr Samuel Nyandemo. "POTENTIAL AND CONSTRAINTS OF PUBLIC DEBT AS A TOOL FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH." International Journal of Economic Policy 1, no. 1 (April 13, 2021): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijecop.128.
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Purpose: The study sought to determine the potential and constraints of public debt as a tool for economic growth.Methodology: The study used secondary data for a time series of 1980 to 2012. Data used in this study is secondary and is extracted from the Government of Kenya Economic Surveys, Statistical Abstracts, World Development Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank and data from the public debt annual report of Kenya.Results: It was concluded that there was co integration among the long run variables. Results also indicated that in the long run, public domestic debt has a positive and significant relationship with GDP growth rate.Unique contribution to theory: The study recommends that government should borrow sustainably.It is also recommended that domestic debt should be kept to a manageable level.It is recommended that labour quality be improved through training and education as doing so would improve the GDP growth rate.Keywords: public debt ,economic growth, policy recommendations, research findings
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Njenga, Frank G., and Pius A. Kigamwa. "Mental health policy and programmes in Kenya." International Psychiatry 2, no. 8 (April 2005): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600007219.
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Following a 10-year war of liberation (fought by the Mau Mau against the British), Kenya attained full independence from colonial rule in 1963. For 10 years the country enjoyed rapid economic growth (6–7% per annum) but this slowed steadily to near stagnation in the 1990s. Poor governance, abuse of human rights, internal displacements of citizens, large numbers of refugees from neighbouring countries and the AIDS pandemic conspired to reduce Kenyans’ life expectancy to 47 years (in the UK it is presently 77 years). Some 42% of the population now live below the poverty line, and 26% of Kenyans exist on less than US$1 per day. The annual per capita income in Kenya is US$360 (in the UK it is $24 000) (World Bank, 2002). AIDS currently has an estimated prevalence rate of 12%. In large parts of rural Kenya many sexually active adults are unable to work, and elderly grandparents are left to look after orphaned children (some already infected with HIV), as they struggle to deal with their own grief for the loss of many of their own children. In December 2002 a new government was elected, which gives some grounds for optimism in an otherwise bleak situation.
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Kimani, Grace Wambui, and James Maingi. "Effect of Various Categories of Government Expenditure on Economic Growth in Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects in Finance, Banking and Accounting 3, no. 1 (July 17, 2021): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcfa.v3i1.178.
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In Kenya, government expenditure has been changing tremendously in its composition and size. Noticeably, since Kenya’s independence, government expenditure has witnessed great expansion. However, the country has not achieved consistent economic growth for a long duration of time. Despite the increase in allocation of resources through increasing public spending, economic growth has not grown at the same rate. As such, economic growth did not consummate with the increase in allocation of resources through government expenditure. The study sought to determine the effect of education expenditure, defense expenditure, health expenditure and infrastructure expenditure on economic growth. It used an explanatory research design and secondary time-series data for the period between 1985 and 2018. Data on education expenditure, defense expenditure, health expenditure as well as infrastructure expenditure and economic growth was acquired from Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. The quantitative data was collected, edited and coded into Statistical software known as STATA version 14. Analysis of the quantitative data was based on descriptive as well as inferential statistics. Correlation analysis was employed to assess the strength of correlation between independent and dependent variables whereas regression analysis determined the weight of association between independent and dependent variables. Diagnostic test was performed to test for the regression model assumptions before carrying out regression analysis. The research focused on autocorrelation test, stationarity test, autocorrelation test, normality as well as heteroscedasticity test. The study revealed that education expenditure had a positive effect on economic growth in Kenya. The study found that defense expenditure had a positive effect on economic growth in Kenya. The results revealed that health expenditure had a positive effect on economic growth in Kenya. In addition, the study found that infrastructure expenditure had a positive effect on economic growth. The study concludes that government expenditure has a significant effect on economic growth in Kenya. The study policy implication of the study is that Kenyan government as well as policy makers should formulate policies and guidelines geared towards increasing education expenditure. This will help in ensuring adequacy in a trained, qualified and productive labor that is important in ensuring an improvement in economic growth. In addition, the government of Kenya should allocate at least 15 percent of their total expenditure to the healthcare so as to ensure a productive and healthy workforce. The government also needs to increase infrastructure funding as recommended by the World Bank to between 7 and 9 percent.
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Misango, Kelvin Mutira. "Health Status and Economic Growth in Kenya." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Manajemen, Akuntansi dan Bisnis 3, no. 2 (April 8, 2022): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47747/jismab.v3i2.670.
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Economic growth is important as it measures the prosperity of a nation which indeed increases the output per person and factors like human capital, physical capital and technological change which are the main drivers towards achieving economic growth. Kenya’s Vision projected an economic growth rate of 10 per cent per annum from 2008 to 2030 which has not been achieved to date. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of health status on economic growth in Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the effect of: nutrition status and life expectancy on economic growth in Kenya. The study adopted the endogenous growth theory and incorporated key health status into the model as a function of human capital. Research design employed was explanatory research design and relied on secondary data from World Bank from 1985 to 2018. Applying regression model, the results revealed that coefficient of life expectancy was 1.1556, which was positive and significant at 5 percent level. This implied that for every one percent increase in coefficient of life expectancy, GDP growth rate could increase by 1.1556 percent. Coefficient of nutrition status was -1.143, which was negative and insignificant at 5 percent level. This implied that for every one percent increase in coefficient of nutrition status, GDP growth rate would fall by 1.143 percent. Considering that increased life expectancy had direct effect on increase in economic growth rate, Kenya government could put in place policies promoting citizen’s health. Suitable social sector policies and government interventions are required to increase life expectancy and consequently economic growth rate. Further, there is also a need for involvement of health human force in macro and micro policy-makings and critically examine other determinant of health care expenditure
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Amutabi, M. N., and M. O. Oketch. "Experimenting in distance education: the African Virtual University (AVU) and the paradox of the World Bank in Kenya." International Journal of Educational Development 23, no. 1 (January 2003): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0738-0593(01)00052-9.
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Marshall, Mipsie, David Ockwell, and Rob Byrne. "Sustainable energy for all or sustainable energy for men? Gender and the construction of identity within climate technology entrepreneurship in Kenya." Progress in Development Studies 17, no. 2 (April 2017): 148–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464993416688830.
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As international climate and development policy and funding efforts accelerate, this article articulates an urgent new research agenda aimed at redressing the existing failure of policy and research to attend to gender in relation to climate mitigation (as opposed to adaptation). Focusing on the transfer and uptake of low carbon energy technologies, including a review of the literature on women and entrepreneurship and critical discourse analysis of the treatment of climate technology entrepreneurs by infoDev (World Bank) in Kenya, the prevalence of private sector entrepreneurial approaches to climate and development policy and practice in this field is demonstrated to be reinforcing gendered power imbalances.
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Orayo, Joseph Abuga, and George Nyarigoti Mose. "A Comparative Study on Contribution of Governance on Economic Growth Countries in the East African Community." International Journal of Regional Development 3, no. 2 (September 12, 2016): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijrd.v3i2.9848.
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<p>This study sought to explore the relationship between good governance and economic growth among the East Africa Community (EAC) countries. The study utilized panel data to analyse six major World Bank governance indicators namely: Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law and Control of Corruption effect on economic growth in the respective country and region for the period 1999-2013. The Random effect model (REM) and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimation techniques were employed for comparative analysis. The study showed that among the governance indicators, political stability, quality regulatory and control of corruption were significant. The first two indices were negatively related to economic growth rate while the latter was positively related to economic growth rate. From the OLS models, voice and accountability had a significant effect on economic growth rate in Kenya and Uganda. The quality of regulation had significant effect in Kenya and Tanzania while rule of law was found to be significant only in Kenya. The study suggests that in order to advance the economic performance in EAC countries, the EAC states need to invest in more effective regulation on both public and private institutions to enhance social, political and sustainable economic interactions. Similarly, the government needs to encourage national cohesion and peaceful co-existence that would foster political stability and reduce violence. By investing in good governance through establishment of key institutions of governance are likely to spur economic growth.</p>
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Oloo, Michael, Mary Mbithi, and Martin Oleche. "Threshold Effect of Macroeconomic Convergence Criteria on Real GDP Growth Rate within the East African Community." European Journal of Development Studies 2, no. 2 (March 16, 2022): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejdevelop.2022.2.2.67.
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This study investigates how the thresholds set by the East African Monetary Committee (EAMC) have impacted the growth of the East African Countries (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi). The analysis establishes the actual thresholds supported by a panel data model, running from 2005 to 2020, which are drawn from World Development Indicators data from the World Bank website. The actual thresholds obtained are compared to the thresholds adopted by EAMC. This data was analysed using a Dynamic Threshold Panel model; the results show a slight deviation of the actual (optimal) data thresholds from the thresholds adopted as the EAC criteria for the formation of a Monetary Union. Therefore, there is need to reconsider the thresholds criteria to enable them to become feasible for the member states to achieve so as to form the Monetary Union.
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Ogero, Titus Mosoti. "Relationship between lending interest rate, inflation rate and capital formation in Kenya." International Journal of Business, Technology and Organizational Behavior (IJBTOB) 1, no. 5 (October 12, 2021): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52218/ijbtob.v1i5.129.
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The study seeks to understand the relationship between lending interest rate, inflation rate and capital formation in Kenya. Time series from World Bank for the 1988 to 2018 is employed. Development of literature is guided by expectation theory, classical theory of interest rate and the institutionalist theory of capital formation. The study finds capital formation, lending interest rate ad inflation rate time series data to be stationary at the 5% level of significance. This leads to the checking of the lag order used and estimating of VAR model. The results indicate that, current year’s; capital formation, inflation rate and lending interest rate are insignificant in determining next year’s level of capital formation. First lag of inflation rate is found positively significant in influencing lending interest rates as well as the first lag of lending interest rate is found significant on influencing itself. Capital formation first lag is found to be negatively significant in determining inflation rate. Lastly, inflation rate first lag is found to be positive
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Adeogun, Margaret. "Dynamic Library Leadership for Sub-Saharan Africa: investing in what works." African Research & Documentation 121 (2013): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00021944.
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The continuous evolution of communication systems and the availability and accessibility to a wealth of instant information is promoting new ideas, issues, individualised learning and evoking curiosity. Today, being knowledgeable is not enough; rather, the ability to create knowledge is cherished. This diffused information environment is enabling people to gain expertise in many areas and is making people more assertive than ever. Countries such as Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya and Mauritius are experiencing economic vitality because their people are adapting knowledge, information and technology to create enterprise clusters (World Bank, 2008). Knowledge, information, and the ability for self-education are setting people free of the age-long dependence on the library. They are claiming responsibility for their own lives.
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Njoroge, Mburu S., Gladys G. Njoroge, and Adolphus Wagala. "Vector Error Correction Model: Prediction of Bi-Directional Causality between Gross Domestic Product and Wage Growth in Kenya." European Journal of Mathematics and Statistics 3, no. 4 (July 21, 2022): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmath.2022.3.4.127.
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Economic growth and wage growth are very prominent macroeconomic variables in all countries in the World. These two variables are the main signposts signaling the current trends in an economy. To determine the recent behavior of the economy, the government must study and analyze these major variables. The increase in aggregate production in the Kenyan economy has been deteriorating due to the steady rise in the wage bill, especially since the year 2012, in conjunction with the devolved government. An increase in wage rate motivates workers and, in turn, increases the production capacity of a country hence economic growth. An increase in recurrent expenditure implies that the development expenditure will be condensed, which will alter the growth of the economy. The primary goal of this research was to fit vector error correction model on gross domestic product and wage growth data so as to identify the bidirectional causality effects between the two variables. VEC model is superior since it distinguishes between long run and short run relationship among underlying variables in a large sample size. The linear Granger causality test was used to evaluate the causal relationship between the system's variables; hence a causal research design was adopted in this study. This research employed secondary data, which was analyzed using Eviews and STATA statistical software. Data on these target variables was acquired from the World Bank and Central Bank of Kenya. Lastly, this study used yearly time series data for the period 1979 to 2019. It was found that wage growth and GDP granger causes each other and also have a long run relationship since their respective p values were less than 5% significance level. VECM1 (effects of wage growth on GDP) had AIC of -0.2953, RMSE of 1.0039 while the R-squared was 0.7241. Subsequently, effects of GDP on wage growth (VECM2) was found to have an R-squared of 0.7452, AIC of -8.2270 and RMSE of 0.08363. Based on the foregoing findings, it was determined that GDP has more influence on wage growth both in the short and long run. This study thus recommends that the government should keep inflation under control, increase development expenditure to finance projects and fostering a favorable business environment for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) to upsurge total output (productivity) which will in turn, lead to a rise in wage growth, thus a high standard of living for the millions of unemployed Kenyans. Finally, the findings of the current study are expected to be of significance to academicians and also provide appropriate policy options that will help in harmonizing the wage rates, thus managing recurrent expenditure in Kenya.
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Aketch, Sarah, Felix Mwambia, and Bernard Baimwera. "EFFECTS OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY ON PERFORMANCE OF FINANCIAL MARKETS IN KENYA." International Journal of Finance and Accounting 6, no. 1 (March 12, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijfa.1237.
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Purpose: The study sought to establish the effects of blockchain technology on the performance of financial markets in Kenya.
Methodology: The study adopted an explanatory research design. The study target population was drawn from the commercial banks located in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study targeted 84 bank managers in the IT and finance department of the 42 commercial banks in Kenya. Thus the target population of the study was 84 financial market managers selected. The study population was grouped into simple identifiable group called strata and adopted a stratified simple random sampling technique with inclusion of commercial banks. A sample size of a sample size of 50 respondents was arrived at. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The data collected was cleaned and coded, quantified and analyzed quantitatively. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS 24 where descriptive and inferential statistics were used to capture the data in order to understand the pattern and nature of relationships. Results were presented using tables.
Findings: The study findings showed that the correlation analysis showed that the adoption of blockchain technology had a positive and significant correlation to government policy R = 0.240. Adoption of blockchain technology had a positive and significant correlation to internet infrastructure by R = 0.293. Adoption of blockchain technology had a positive and significant correlation to transaction cost at R = 0.583. Lastly, adoption of blockchain technology had a positive and significant correlation to risk analysis at R = 0.507.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that there should be policy review on issues relating to risk analysis so as to curb illegal money transfers and enhance performance of financial markets in Kenya. The study recommends for a thorough scrutiny by the government and ensures such issues are keenly analyzed to help bring peace and stability in the world. The aspect of having good internet connectivity is beneficial to the nation in that access to proper information will be available and it enables many users to have wide access to services as well as creation of employment. There is need to conduct a study on stability of blockchain technologies use and their impact to the economic growth. The study incorporated Technology Acceptance Model and Innovation Diffusion Theory to link the study topic to the concepts
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Guerpillon, Hervé, Arnaud Le Peillet, and Jean-François Frézet. "Proposed Malewa dam in Kenya: Adequate adaptations to original design." E3S Web of Conferences 346 (2022): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234601019.
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Malewa dam in Kenya was first studied in the 1990s at preliminary design stage, through a study funded by Japanese Government who entrusted JICA with it. At that time, its main purpose was water supply to Nakuru, Naivasha and Gilgil cities in the Rift Valley. Thirty years later, its design was reviewed within the frame of a feasibility study funded by World Bank to account for revised needs -now excluding Nakuru- also taking into account increased awareness of environmental impact on downstream Lake Naivasha (Ramsar zone), management of the water scarcity, climate change trends, reliability issue, quality of water, sedimentation, as well as growing concern with operation and maintenance costs. Among studied solutions, focused on supply by gravity for economic reasons, and as ground water poses a serious health problem in this area due to a high fluoride content detrimental to human consumption, the construction of Malewa dam was confirmed to be the best solution after a decision making process, subject to some changes to the basic design, such as using the compensation flow to generate hydro-power to pump water to a WTP nearby the dam, mixing water with groundwater, building check dams and implementing water management and compensation measures.
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Munene, Ishmael I. "Experimenting in distance education: The African virtual university (AVU) and the paradox of the World Bank in Kenya—A rejoinder." International Journal of Educational Development 27, no. 1 (January 2007): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2006.05.002.
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Lucy Murugi, Njeru. "An Assessment of the Influence of Disability Legislation Awareness on Employability of Persons with Disabilities in Post-Secondary Institutions in Kirinyaga County, Kenya." Management and Economics Research Journal 03 (2017): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/merj.2017.03.520597.
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Globally, unemployment and underemployment of persons with disabilities is a major concern. A World Bank report shows that 20% of the world�s poor are persons with disabilities, 60% of them living in developing countries, such as Kenya. Lack of inclusion, and not disability, contributes to this poverty. Despite the existence of several disability legislations, unemployment of persons with disabilities still remains a challenge. The objective of the study was to establish the extent to which disability legislation awareness influences employability of persons with disabilities in Post-Secondary institutions in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. The research used staff from five post-secondary institutions that were selected using proportionate stratified random sampling technique while five Human Resource Managers were selected using purposeful sampling. The study adopted descriptive research design. Questionnaires were used to collect data and Cronbach alpha coefficient employed to test reliability. Collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science. The assessment of the influence of disability legislation awareness on employability of persons with disabilities was established through a multiple regression model. The study findings established that the organizations hardly conducted capacity building for staff on disability legislation, there was little or nonexistence of disability policies in the institutions. Moreover, respondents were unaware of how to handle persons with disabilities at workplace. The study concluded that legislation awareness influences employability of persons with disabilities positively because it assists employers develop compliance toward disability inclusion in workplace.
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Edeminam, Veronica Brendan, and Haruna Abdullahi. "The effects of financial inclusion on external debt in Africa." Journal of Global Economics and Business 3, no. 9 (April 1, 2022): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31039/jgeb.v3i9.6.
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This study investigates the effect of financial inclusion on external debt in Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, and Egypt, using annual time series data from 1990 to 2020. The data was sourced from the World Bank. The variables used in the study are market capitalization of listed domestic companies as a percentage of GDP, external debt stock, current account balance as a percentage of GDP, broad money (M3) as a percentage of GDP, and gross fixed capital formation as a percentage of GDP. The unit root test for stationarity was done using Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test. The result of the unit root test informed the choice of Long Run Form and Bounds test, and Johansen Cointegration techniques for investigating long run relationships. The result showed the presence of a long run relationship between financial inclusion and external debt for Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, and Egypt. The result also showed a positive relationship between financial inclusion and external debt. This is because a strong financial system will increase access to external debt because of good credit ratings. Granger causality results showed unidirectional causality from financial inclusion to external debt for only Nigeria and South Africa. More success in economic development can be achieved by focusing on financial inclusion strategies in Africa which would translate into numerous outcomes which include increasing domestic resources and increasing access to external debt with market competitive interest rates.
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Mbaluka, Morris Kateeti, Dennis K. Muriithi, and Gladys G. Njoroge. "Application of Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Regression Model on Kenya Macroeconomic Indicators." European Journal of Mathematics and Statistics 3, no. 1 (January 27, 2022): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmath.2022.3.1.74.
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The aim of this paper was to apply Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and hierarchical regression model on Kenyan Macroeconomic variables. The study adopted a mixed research design (descriptive and correlational research designs). The 18 macroeconomic variables data were extracted from Kenya National Bureau of Statistics and World Bank for the period 1970 to 2019. The R software was utilized to conduct all the data analysis. Principal Component Analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of the data, where the original data set matrix was reduced to Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues. A hierarchical regression model was fitted on the extracted components, and R2 was used to determine whether the components were a good fit for predicting economic growth. The results from the study showed that the first component explained 73.605 % of the overall Variance and was highly correlated with 15 original variables. Additionally, the second principal component described approximately 10.03% of the total Variance, while the two variables had a higher positive loading into it. About 6.22% of the overall variance was explained by the third component, which was highly correlated with only one of the original variables. The first, second, and third models had F statistics of 2385.689, 1208.99, and 920.737, respectively, and each with a p-value of 0.0001<5% was hence implying that the models were significant. The third model had the lowest mean square error of 17.296 hence described as the best predictive model. Since component 1 had the highest Variance explained, and model 1 had a lower p-value than other models, Principal component 1 was more reliable in explaining economic growth. Therefore, it was concluded that the macroeconomic variables associated with the monetary economy, the trade and openness of the economy with government activities, the consumption factor of the economy, and the investment factor of the economy predict economic growth in Kenya. The study recommends that PCA should be utilized when dealing with more than 15 variables, and hierarchical regression model building technique be used to determine the partial variance change among the independent variables in regression modeling.
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Chung, Janne O. Y., and Carolyn A. Windsor. "Empowerment Through Knowledge of Accounting and Related Disciplines: Participatory Action Research in an African Village." Behavioral Research in Accounting 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/bria-10149.
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ABSTRACT Accounting scholars are challenged to discover ways to facilitate a broader engagement with the oppressed and poor toward a more just and fair world. This paper reports an interaction between an accounting educator and disadvantaged Kenyan villagers in an exploratory attempt to expand the reach of critical accounting research from the confines of academia to practice. In Africa, the end of colonialism left widespread poverty that was exacerbated by illiteracy and ignorance. At the same time, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) required newly independent African states to implement neo-liberal-inspired policies that weakened state social governance. This, in turn, led to the growth of religious and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) whose policies aimed to fill the gaps in government social services that alleviate inequities. Ignorance enslaves, but knowledge—including knowledge of accounting and financial systems—will empower the poor to evaluate the motives, desirability, and achievements of governmental and NGO services and programs introduced to ease poverty. The specific aim of this modest, grassroots intervention was to share financial knowledge with members of a church in Bungoma, a poor region in Northwestern Kenya. This participatory action research (PAR) intervention was carefully implemented to respect the values and culture of the village participants, and avoided Western values and praxis to maintain the villagers' status quo. Instead, the accounting educator introduced empathetic learning by relating accounting principles to the Christian values of the villagers. The paper concludes with a discussion on the outcomes and limitations of this intervention.
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Murage, Margaret. "Mobile Loans as Financing Options in Kenya and the Financial Performance of SMEs in Low Income Areas in Nairobi County." African Journal of Empirical Research 2, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51867/ajer.v2i2.31.
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This study sets out to examine the effect of loan accessibility on the financial performance of SMEs in urban informal settlements in Kenya. Based on the descriptive survey design, data were collected from 120 SMEs in the 6 wards of Mathare Sub-County using semi-structured questionnaires. It was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings show that all the loan accessibility had a significant and positive relationship with the financial performance of SMEs. In this regard, enhancing loan accessibility contributed to the financial performance of SMEs in urban areas. Financial inclusion among SMEs in urban areas was also enhanced through mobile loans. This could go on to enhance living standards among the inhabitants of urban informal settlements as envisaged by world bank. In this regard, several recommendations were made. Mobile loan providers should market their mobile loan products to make them visible since only 4, Safaricom-Fuliza, M-Shwari, Tala, and KCB-Mpesa were the most used. Civil society organizations in collaboration with mobile loan providers should also carry out capacity building campaigns among SMEs in informal settlements. This would lead to enhanced visibility and accessibility of these mobile loans among the inhabitants of urban informal settlements.