Journal articles: 'Workstations'

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Mount, Frances E. "Human Factors Design in Special Purpose Workstations for Space Station: Panel Discussion." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 2 (October 1988): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803200214.

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The word “Workstations” means different things to different people. In the world of space vehicles command and control is usually the first workstation function that comes to mind. Actually, specialized workstations fall into many categories. This panel will discuss various specialized workstations being developed for the upcoming United States Space Station. As part of the design process the human being, a very integral part of each workstation is carefully considered.

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Timmers, T., and E. M. van Mulligen. "Trends in Integrated Clinical Workstations." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 05, no. 01 (August 1996): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1638051.

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AbstractDuring the last decade, several projects aiming at integrated clinical workstations have been described and several prototypes have been demonstrated. In most of these projects, the clinical workstation accesses information and functionality provided by the present proprietary legacy systems of health-care institutions. We discuss trends in integrated clinical workstations from the viewpoints of software engineering and integration, considering that the clinical workstation itself basically consists of three layers: a presentation layer, a data integration layer, and a communication layer. The software engineering view on clinical workstations focuses on the development of basic building blocks from which clinical workstations, specific to a particular medical domain, can be composed. The integration view on clinical workstations addresses methods and techniques to deal with the, in general, intrinsically closed information systems in health-care institutions.

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Zhang, Han Ye, Hai Jiang Liu, and Wei Tang. "Research on Generation of Small-Scale Assembly System Configurations." Advanced Materials Research 909 (March 2014): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.909.333.

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Given the number of assembly workstations, how to generate the corresponding assembly system configurations? The issue is studied in this paper.The size of the assembly workstations is divided into small-scale workstation, medium-scale workstation, and large-scale workstation. Due to limitations on space, this paper only studies the small-scale assembly system configurations theoretically, and the corresponding example is elaborated.

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Skelly, Donna L. "Assessment of computer workstations for compliance with ergonomic guidelines: A field study." Work 69, no. 3 (July 16, 2021): 1019–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-213532.

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BACKGROUND: Computer workstation use is a risk factor for the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Governmental guidelines have been developed as a resource for workstation set-up to minimize this risk. The degree of worksite compliance with guidelines has not been examined. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine workstations using the VDT Workstation Checklist to determine compliance, and potential modifications. METHODS: Subjects were recruited from a variety of work settings in Erie, PA. Workstations were assessed with the worker present, using the VDT Workstation Checklist. Adjustments and recommendations were made as appropriate. RESULTS: Of the 60 workstations examined, 48%did not receive a passing score. All but one were correctable to an acceptable level with minimal low-cost modifications. The recommendation for wrist rests (43%), changes in monitor height (30%) or position (27%) and reposition of the keyboard (13.3%) and mouse (13.3%) were the most frequent modifications. Ten (16.7%) workstations did not require modification. CONCLUSIONS: Almost half of workstations reviewed were not in compliance with current guidelines, however almost all (98%) could be brought into compliance with simple modifications. Office workers need guidance in setting up workspace and adjusting ergonomic equipment to provide comfortable and safe work settings and minimize musculoskeletal symptoms.

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Solen, I., A. Hasman, J. Troost, H. J. Tange, and M. J. van der Meijden. "Two Patient Care Information Systems in the Same Hospital: Beyond Technical Aspects." Methods of Information in Medicine 42, no. 04 (2003): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634240.

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Summary Objectives: To compare two clinical workstations in one hospital with respect to technical, organizational, cultural and human factors. One clinical workstation was a GUI to the HIS. The other was an electronic patient record for stroke. Methods: Data were collected by means of in-depth interviews with end-users of both clinical workstations. The interviews were audio taped and transcribed for analysis. Results: End users assessed both clinical workstations as user friendly. Coordination between health care workers was perceived to be enhanced. However, in both situations poor communication between management, implementers and users resulted in uncertainty and skepticism about future perspectives. Furthermore, it appeared that inpatient and outpatient settings needed clinical workstations with different requirements for an optimal fit between work practices and information system. Conclusions: Regardless of the domain and content of a workstation, it can support coordination between disciplines. The communication concerning the information technology strategy deserves much attention. Finally, the requirements for inpatient and outpatient workstations differ.

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Dupont, Francois, Pierre-Majorique Léger, Mickael Begon, François Lecot, Sylvain Sénécal, Elise Labonté-Lemoyne, and Marie-Eve Mathieu. "Health and productivity at work: which active workstation for which benefits: a systematic review." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, no. 5 (January 28, 2019): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-105397.

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In order to reduce sedentary behaviour at work, research has examined the effectiveness of active workstations. However, despite their relevance in replacing conventional desks, the comparison between types of active workstations and their respective benefits remains unclear. The purpose of this review article is thus to compare the benefits between standing, treadmill and cycling workstations. Search criteria explored Embase, PubMed and Web of Science databases. The review included studies concerning adults using at least two types of active workstations, evaluating biomechanical, physiological work performance and/or psychobiological outcomes. Twelve original articles were included. Treadmill workstations induced greater movement/activity and greater muscular activity in the upper limbs compared with standing workstations. Treadmill and cycling workstations resulted in elevated heart rate, decreased ambulatory blood pressure and increased energy expenditure during the workday compared with standing workstations. Treadmill workstations reduced fine motor skill function (ie, typing, mouse pointing and combined keyboard/mouse tasks) compared with cycling and standing workstations. Cycling workstations resulted in improved simple processing task speeds compared with standing and treadmill workstations. Treadmill and cycling workstations increased arousal and decreased boredom compared with standing workstations. The benefits associated with each type of active workstation (eg, standing, treadmill, cycling) may not be equivalent. Overall, cycling and treadmill workstations appear to provide greater short-term physiological changes than standing workstations that could potentially lead to better health. Cycling, treadmill and standing workstations appear to show short-term productivity benefits; however, treadmill workstations can reduce the performance of computer tasks.

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Misbahuddin, Syed. "1 Fault Detection and Tolerance in Cluster of Workstations using Message Passing Interface." Sir Syed Research Journal of Engineering & Technology 1, no. 1 (December 20, 2011): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.v1i1.72.

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A Cluster of Workstations (COW) is network based multi-computer system aimed to replace supercomputers. A cluster of workstations works on Divisible Load Theory (DLT) according to which a job is divided into n subtasks and delegated to n workstations in the COW architecture. To get the job completed, all subtasks must be completed. Therefore, for satisfactory job completion, all workstations must be functional. However, a faulty node can suspend the overall job completion task until and unless some fault avoidance and correction measures are taken. This paper presents a fault detection and fault tolerant algorithm which will use Message Passing Interface (MPI) to identify faulty workstations and transfer the subtask being performed by them to a normally working workstation. The assigned workstations will continue their original subtasks in addition to assigned subtasks on time sharing basis.

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Kovalenko, Oleksandr M. "ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЦИФРОВИХ АУДІО РОБОЧИХ СТАНЦІЙ, ПРИЗНАЧЕНИХ ДЛЯ СТВОРЕННЯ ЕЛЕКТРОННОЇ МУЗИКИ В УМОВАХ НЕФОРМАЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТИ ДОРОСЛИХ." Information Technologies and Learning Tools 53, no. 3 (July 1, 2016): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.33407/itlt.v53i3.1428.

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In the article it is highlighted the importance of self-education and self-development of adults to perform an effective vital activity in the modern information society. It has been considered possibilities of application of audio workstation for musical self-education and self-development of adults. Analysis of basic characteristics and functional features of digital audio workstations is given. The basic advantages and disadvantages of using digital audio workstations in musical self-education of adults are presented. A comparative analysis of the most widespread in the world of digital audio workstations is given. The analysis was carried out by examining of special literature, practical use of digital audio workstations, sites developers of these programs and the experience of using digital audio workstations. At present digital audio workstations is a tool for creating an electronic music. That is why the ability to use the sequencer becomes the main requirement for music producers, arrangers and sound engineers.

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Stevens, John K., and Judy Trogadis. "The application of 3D volume investigation methods to serial confocal and serial EM data: Distribution of microtubules in PC12 cells." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 146–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100085034.

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CAD or Computer Assisted Design uses a computer workstation to create or design new objects. Volume Investigation (VI) uses a computer workstation to understand or analyze existing objects. CAD systems are used to produce a mathematical model of a new object, stored in the workstation's memory. This model is created interactively by the user of the workstation. In contrast, VI systems synthesize a similar mathematical-model automatically from an existing object. The model is usually created or “reconstructed” from a stack of serial cross-sections of the original object. These cross-sections may be collected non-destructively from computerized tomography scans (CT), magnetic resonance imaging scans (MRI), confocal microscopy or destructively from serial light microscopy, serial electron microscopy, or any other source of serial sections. VI workstations are in widespread use in clinical settings, but have not been used at all in scientific research.

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Renaud, Lidewij, Maaike Huysmans, Hidde van der Ploeg, Erwin Speklé, and Allard van der Beek. "Long-Term Access to Sit-Stand Workstations in a Large Office Population: User Profiles Reveal Differences in Sitting Time and Perceptions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 9 (September 15, 2018): 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15092019.

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Background: To decrease the detrimental health effects of prolonged sitting, the implementation of sit-stand workstations is a commonly used intervention for office workers. Most studies on this topic evaluated the effects of newly introduced sit-stand workstations. The objective of this study was to determine how often and how long the standing option is used and how the use of sit-stand workstations is perceived in office workers with long-term access to these workstations. Methods: Using an online survey, 1098 office employees responded to questions about frequency of usage of the sit-stand workstation, sitting time, physical activity, and positive and negative perceptions of the use of the sit-stand workstations. Results: Based on the frequency of use, three user groups were identified: non-users (32.1%), monthly/weekly users (37.5%) and daily users (30.4%). Non-users reported to sit more, stand less and have longer bouts of sitting, compared to monthly/weekly users, and these differences were even larger compared to daily users. A higher proportion of daily users perceived the use of the sit-stand workstation as being more healthy and appealing and making them more productive and energetic compared to the non-users. A higher proportion of the non-users perceived it as being uncomfortable, distracting, and unpractical, compared to the other user groups. Conclusions: The differences between the three identified user groups with respect to sitting, standing and perceptions of sit-stand workstations, might be helpful in tailoring future interventions to reduce occupational sitting time, to increase the reach, effectiveness and sustainability.

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Yang, Xiuqing, Xinglu Liu, Lijuan Feng, Jianquan Zhang, and Mingyao Qi. "Non-Traditional Layout Design for Robotic Mobile Fulfillment System with Multiple Workstations." Algorithms 14, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a14070203.

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This paper studies the layout design of a robotic mobile fulfillment system with multiple workstations. This is a parts-to-picker storage system where robots hoist pods and bring them directly to the workstations for stationary pickers to retrieve required items. As few research efforts have focused on determining the optimal locations of workstations in such systems, we develop an integer programming model to determine the location of workstations to minimize the total traveling distance of robots. In addition, we investigate the near-optimal workstation location patterns (i.e., some general workstation configuration rules) in the context of both traditional and flying-V layouts. A series of experiments led to the following findings: (1) the flying-V layout can save 8∼26% of travel distance compared with the traditional layout, and the sacrifice of space use is only 2∼3% for medium or large warehouses; (2) instead of solving the optimization model, the proposed 2n rule and n+1 rule are simple and easily implemented ways to locate workstations, with travel distance gaps of less than 1.5% and 5% for traditional and flying-V layouts, respectively; and (3) the “optimal” cross-aisle angle (i.e., θ) in flying-V layout can be set as large as possible as long as the cross-aisle intersects the left or right edge of the warehouse.

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Li, Ming-Liang. "An Algorithm for Arranging Operators to Balance Assembly Lines and Reduce Operator Training Time." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 8544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188544.

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Industry 4.0 is transforming how costs, including labor costs, are managed in manufacturing and remanufacturing systems. Managers must balance assembly lines and reduce the training time of workstation operators to achieve sustainable operations. This study’s originality lies in its use of an algorithm to balance an assembly line by matching operators to workstations so that the line’s workstations achieve the same targeted output rates. First, the maximum output rate of the assembly line is found, and then the number of operators needed at each workstation is determined. Training time is reduced by matching operators’ training and skills to workstations’ skill requirements. The study obtains a robust, cluster algorithm based on the concept of group technology, then forms operator skill cells and determines operator families. Four numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the algorithm’s implementation. The proposed algorithm can solve the problem of arranging operators to balance assembly lines. Managers can also solve the problem of worker absences by assigning more than one operator with the required skillset to each workstation and rearranging them as needed.

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Abu Bakar, Nurhanani, Mohammad Fadzli Ramli, Mohd Zakimi Zakaria, Tan Chan Sin, and Hafiz Masran. "Solving assembly line balancing problem using heuristic: a case study of power transformer in electrical industry." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 850. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i2.pp850-857.

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<p>Currently, problem in assembly line has created so much attention, particularly in manufacturing area. Similar to this case study as they faced with problems regarding workstation in production line of electrical industry. There exist some cases where workstations in assembly line are experienced with bottleneck and suffered from high idle time. Thus, four heuristic methods are used for minimizing number or workstations and improve the bottleneck problems at the same time. In this case study, LCR, RPW and LPT have successfully minimized the number of workstations from 19 to 16. This solution has affected the layout of assembly line. Different from SPT that manage to improve the bottleneck among workstations by reducing number of workstations from 19 to 17 without changing the line layout. Therefore, both solution has brought an option for an engineer to choose which decision to be used in this assembly line in order to increase the line efficiency.</p>

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Yao, Wei Xin. "Study on Line Balancing for a Type of Lamp Assembling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 63-64 (June 2011): 751–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.63-64.751.

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This paper applied stopwatch to measure the work time of workstations on lamp assembling line. It studied issues effecting line production capability such as bottleneck workstations and superfluous capability. To overcome these shortcomings this paper suggests new line balancing schema. The schema includes reallocation of the work content, adjustment of the equipment and workers of each workstation. This improvement saves extra work shifts and reduces labor cost.

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Nerhood, Heather L., and Steven W. Thompson. "Adjustable Sit-Stand Workstations in the Office." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 38, no. 10 (October 1994): 668–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129403801028.

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This study describes the approach taken and the results measured thus far from the introduction of sit-stand workstations in an office environment. Adjustable workstations have been developed and introduced in an office within United Parcel Service (UPS). A sit-stand workstation consists of the following components: modular panel walls, an adjustable front work surface, an adjustable rear work surface, and an adjustable chair. An employee can sit or stand while working and perform the adjustments to the workstation with fingertip ease and control. The job requirements of all of the employees using the new workstations are sedentary in which there is constant use of the computer to perform a variety of tasks. A training program was also introduced to review basic principles of human factors and ergonomics and to provide instruction in how to properly use the new workstations, chairs, and other accessories. Prior to the installation of the workstations, various benchmark data were collected including: production levels, absenteeism, and injuries and illnesses. A survey of body part discomfort identified areas that were of concern. Following the installation of the workstations, the same data have been and will continue to be collected to measure the effectiveness of the ergonomic interventions. Body part discomfort decreased by an average of 62 percent. Production in two departments that were monitored demonstrated improvement, however at this time the study cycle is too short to hypothesize long term results. The occurrence of injuries and illnesses decreased by more than half. Absenteeism did not show significant changes. These data will continue to be tracked to measure the results of the interventions.

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Koopman, P., and D. P. Siewiorek. "Engineering workstations-ICs: the brains of a workstation." IEEE Spectrum 29, no. 4 (April 1992): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/6.127378.

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Davis, Kermit G., and Susan E. Kotowski. "Stand Up and Move; Your Musculoskeletal Health Depends on It." Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications 23, no. 3 (July 2015): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1064804615588853.

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The new trend in office ergonomics is installing dynamic workstations that include sit-to-stand tables, treadmills, stationary bicycles, and exercise balls. The question is whether it is worth the investment to try to reduce musculoskeletal pain via these dynamic workstations. Postural change is good, but the most effective workstation seems to be the sit-to-stand table with respect to reducing discomfort suffered by office workers. Treadmills and cycle workstations do have the ability to increase energy expenditure and heart rate and thus are potentially beneficial in addressing obesity that results from sedentary work. For all outcomes, the key is to periodically get up and move around.

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Attwood, Dennis. "Evaluation of Discomfort Experienced while Operating Cadd Worksystems." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, no. 6 (September 1986): 543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603000608.

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The study reported herein compared the design of workstations used by Computer-aided design and drafting (CADD) operators and those used by each of two other occupational groups against reports of physical and visual discomforts. Evaluation Procedures included subjective reports of discomfort and objective analyses of individual workstations. Results indicated that body discomfort varied among occupational groups and that particular discomforts could be linked to specific aspects of workstation design.

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Hickerson, L. B., C. S. Pervier, and P. Valdes. "Engineering workstations-managing network workstations." IEEE Spectrum 29, no. 4 (April 1992): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/6.127379.

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Janowitz, Ira, Arlie Stern, Don Morelli, Eileen Vollowitz, Mark Hudes, and David Rempel. "Validation and Field Testing of an Ergonomic Computer Use Checklist and Guidebook." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 13 (September 2002): 1007–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204601301.

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The authors developed a validated office ergonomics checklist that focused on outcomes instead of workstation features. The workstation is evaluated primarily through observed working postures and movement patterns while the subject performs their usual tasks. A guidebook for the improvement of computer workstations is keyed to the checklist, to lead the user in reducing risk factors and improving workstation ergonomics. The checklist was first validated in a field test with three expert evaluators. The checklist and guidebook were later tested with a large employer and used as a self-evaluation instrument, by a co-worker, and by an Ergonomics Coordinator with training and experience. Workstations were evaluated by an independent ergonomist before and after interventions were made. Results indicated that the checklist and guidebook were effective in making significant improvements in workstation conditions when administered by an Ergonomics Coordinator, but not when used as a self-assessment or by an untrained co-worker.

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Marzoog, Rasha J., Sawsan S. Al-Zubaidyb, and Ahmed A. Alduroobi. "Study The Effect of Machine Efficiency In Production Lines Balancing." Engineering and Technology Journal 38, no. 9A (September 25, 2020): 1283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.v38i9a.1088.

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Production Line Balancing (PLB) is the technique of assigning the operations to workstations in such a way that the assignment minimizes the idle time between workstations. PLB aims to equator the workload in each workstation to assure maximum production flow. By adding machine in specific configurations is one treatment which leads to this leveling in workload. This research studies the different efficiencies of the added machine and the effect of these efficiencies on line balancing to select the machine with suitable efficiency. This will be led to reduce the idle time between workstations and increasing production flow. The work time considered as the efficiency criterion for this case study. The study has been implemented on a dumb truck production line and resulted in increasing the line efficiency to 81.7%.

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Puvanasvaran, Perumal, Yong Siang Teoh, and Teruaki Ito. "Novel availability and performance ratio for internal transportation and manufacturing processes in job shop company." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 13, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2755.

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Purpose: Purpose of this study includes the quantification of the impact of transportation efficiency onto the workstations the transportation serves in term of throughput and total lead time elapsed by product. Besides, it aims to synchronize the capacity available among workstations throughout a production line by studying the upper limit of throughput could be afforded by each workstation as well as their connection with each other. This study is also done on the purpose of promoting fulfillment of customer demand at shorter delivery time and minimal equipment utilization. Investigation on implementation of Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) in an aerospace part-manufacturing company is studied to track out the potential opportunities to be improved.Design/methodology/approach: Site observation is conducted on all the five manufacturing workstations in the aforementioned aerospace part manufacturing company. Time data of both automated processes and manual processes are collected and they are used to construct simulation model. From that, various scenarios of transportation efficiency are simulated in Experiment 1. In addition, Experiment 2 is also set to examine the maximum capacity of each workstation. All of these are to highlight the relationship between workstation and processes and to verify the condition of imbalanced capacity among workstations in the company. In short, this has necessitated the integration of workstation and transportation activities within the company. These are followed by proposal of measures to quantify the wastes identified.Findings: The paper finds that implementation of OEE alone does not consider the reasonability of customer demand fulfillment. The results show that both transportation efficiency and imbalanced capacity throughout production system are not emphasized by OEE implementation in the case company. Therefore, responsibility of all workstations and transportation process in delivering demand on time are quantified. Transportation process which serves as the connectors of manufacturing processes is quantified and monitored by proposed Transportation Measure (TM) whereas workstations are measured using novel availability and performance ratio.Research limitations/implications: Future research should be conducted to examine the impact of other station within a company such as warehouse and logistic department to the performance of equipment and materials in manufacturing workstation. Besides, the material availability as well as the skills or performance of man power could be further incorporated into the measures to consider all the entities involved in manufacturing processes.Practical implications: The proposed availability and performance ratio for both transportation and manufacturing processes, which are related to each other, help in promoting better effectiveness of production system in terms of production amount and lead time. Besides, reasonable utilization equipment and minimal consumption of material are incorporated in the measures to promote Lean way in fulfilling customer demand. The effectiveness of entire production line is examined as a unity with joint responsibility under varying transportation efficiency and cycle time of each workstation. Both measures could be implemented together to optimize the production system and quantify the hidden wastes which are neglected in the OEE implementation.Originality/value: The novel availability and performance ratio are proposed to consider customer demand, historical equipment utilization and Takt time of each workstation to examine the possibility and reasonability of demand fulfillment. This prevents both over-processing and overproduction issues which are invisible in OEE. Furthermore, delay propagation throughout production system and interrelationship between processes are quantified under transportation measure. Other novelty of the paper is that it monitors the waiting time and lead time spent in each workstation at the same time considering utilization of workstation. The proposed Transportation Measure (TM) aims to reduce the queue length and waiting time at destination workstation at minimal utilization of forklift. It also promotes less capacity investment in transportation and prioritizes its scheduling according to urgency of destination workstation.

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Yilmaz, Ö. F., Ö. F. Demirel, S. Zaim, and S. Sevim. "Assembly line balancing by using axiomatic design principles: An application from cooler manufacturing industry." International Journal of Production Management and Engineering 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ijpme.2020.11953.

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<p>The philosophy of production without waste is the fundamental belief behind lean manufacturing that should be adopted by enterprises. One of the waste elimination methods is assembly line balancing for lean manufacturing, i.e. Yamazumi. The assembly line balancing is to assign tasks to the workstations by minimizing the number of workstations to the required values. There should be no workstation with the excessively high or low workload, and all workstations must ideally work with balanced workloads. Accordingly, in this study, the axiomatic design method is applied for assembly line balancing in order to achieve maximum output with the installed capacity. In order to achieve this aim, all improvement opportunities are defined and utilized as an output of the study. Computational results indicate that the proposed method is effective to reduce operators’ idle time by 12%, imbalance workload between workstations by 38%, and the total number of workers by 12%. As a result of these improvements, the production volume is increased by 23%.</p>

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Freivalds, Andris, and Joseph H. Goldberg. "Integration of Human Factors, Job Design, and Writing into One Course." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 6 (October 1993): 464–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303700603.

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There are pressing needs to enhance the quality of undergraduate engineering instruction, including human factors engineering. Specific curricular and philosophical issues include: 1) integration of work measurement and human factors topics, 2) applications driven laboratories, 3) open-ended design problems, and 4) reinforcement of technical writing skills. In summary, the end goals of this laboratory development are innovative job design and evaluation workstations, which can provide students with real-world, open-ended problems. Two different types of workstations have been implemented: a workstation appropriate for typical blue-collar assembly work and a workstation appropriate for white-collar computer driven work. The white-collar workstation simulates a modern, computer-driven office job, with such factors as speed, accuracy, noise, illumination, etc. influencing productivity. The blue-collar workstation is centered on a typical carburetor assembly found in the automotive industry. The large number of fairly intricate parts, the highly repetitive and rapid assembly process, and the need for power driven tools all are thought to be contributing factors to the high incidence of cumulative trauma disorders in U.S. industry.

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Md Deros, Baba, Nasir Senin, and Nor Kamaliana Khamis. "A Study on Ergonomic Workstations for Standing Operators at a Manufacturing Factory in Malaysia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 471 (December 2013): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.471.172.

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Ergonomically designed workstation is vital towards improving health and safety of operators. This study was carried out at the assembly department to assess female operators effectiveness at standing workstations during assembling different components and parts for making electronic product in a manufacturing factory. Long working hours with static standing postures can lead to musculoskeletal disorders. The study main objectives are to assess, identify risks and body parts complaints with respect to standing workstation. The methodology use in this study includes anthropometric data measurements of female operators, standing risk assessment and body parts symptoms survey. One hundred female operators working at standing workstations took part in the study. This study revealed three major types of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) observed in this factory, they are pain at the shoulder region, pain at the leg region and pain at the upper back region. Based on the findings from this study, the authors have proposed a standing workstation designs that overcome the MSDs.

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Splittstoesser, Riley E., Sahika V. Korkmaz, Carolyn S. Sommerich, and Steven A. Lavender. "A Comparison of Computer Workstation Adjustments Made by Users Following Web-Based Instructions and Those of an Ergonomics Professional." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 15 (October 2007): 879–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705101503.

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Computer use and posture has been linked to musculoskeletal disorders. Web-based tools offer a way for users in large organizations to perform an initial assessment and routine adjustment of their workstations, allowing the ergonomist to focus on more detailed cases. Twelve male and eight female subjects used a web-based tool to adjust two standard workstations. The tool presented information using text, animation and color coding to accommodate as many learning styles as possible. Afterwards, an ergonomist, blinded to the adjustments made previously, adjusted each workstation for the subject. Subject adjustments agreed with the ergonomist's for chair height, seat pan depth, armrest height, monitor depth and keyboard tray height with moderate correlation values and mean errors of less than 1.35 cm. The results indicate computer users are able to adjust their own workstations following this type of web-based instruction.

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Lin, Ru Dan, and Lan Zhen Chen. "Research of Application & Optimization of Nurse Workstation in HIS." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 2382–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.2382.

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Nurse Workstation Systems have been running in national big hospitals for a period of time. This text takes example of nurse workstations in Third Grade and Class A hospitals in Ganzhou City, makes detailed analysis of nurse workstation application based on its operating characteristics, raises prominent problems during application process, and gives improvement suggestions to solve these problems.

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Chumbley, L. S., M. Meyer, K. Fredrickson, and F. C. Laabs. "The Instructional SEM Laboratory at Iowa State University." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 396–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100164441.

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The Materials Science Department at Iowa State University has developed a laboratory designed to improve instruction in the use of the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The laboratory makes use of a computer network and a series of remote workstations in a classroom setting to provide students with increased hands-on access to the SEM. The laboratory has also been equipped such that distance learning via the internet can be achieved.A view of the laboratory is shown in Figure 1. The laboratory consists of a JEOL 6100 SEM, a Macintosh Quadra computer that acts as a server for the network and controls the energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), four Macintosh computers that act as remote workstations, and a fifth Macintosh that acts as an internet server. A schematic layout of the classroom is shown in Figure 2. The workstations are connected directly to the SEM to allow joystick and computer control of the microscope. An ethernet connection between the Quadra and the workstations allows students seated there to operate the EDS. Control of the microscope and joystick is passed between the workstations by a switch-box assembly that resides at the microscope console. When the switch-box assembly is activated a direct serial line is established between the specified workstation and the microscope via the SEM’s RS-232.

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Arık, Oğuzhan Ahmet, Erkan Köse, and Jeffrey Forrest. "Simple assembly line balancing problem of Type 1 with grey demand and grey task durations." Grey Systems: Theory and Application 9, no. 4 (October 14, 2019): 401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gs-05-2019-0011.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a mixed integer programming model for simple assembly line balancing problems (SALBP) with Type 1 when the annual demand and task durations are uncertain and encoded with grey numbers. Design/methodology/approach Grey theory and grey numbers are used for illustrating the uncertainty of parameters in an SALBP, where the objective is to minimize the total number of workstations. The paper proposes a 0-1 mathematical model for SALBP of Type 1 with grey demand and grey task durations. Findings The uncertainty of the demand and task durations are encoded with grey numbers and a well-known 0-1 mathematical model for SALBP of Type 1 is modified to find the minimum number of workstations in order to meet both the lower and upper bounds of the uncertain demand. The results obtained from the proposed mathematical model show a task-workstation assignment that does not distribute precedence relations among tasks and workstations and the sum of task durations in each single workstation is less than or equal to the grey cycle time. Originality/value The grey theory and grey numbers have not been previously used to identify uncertainties in assembly line balancing problems. Therefore, this study provides an important contribution to the literature.

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Smagowska, Bożena. "Noise at Workplaces in the Call Center." Archives of Acoustics 35, no. 2 (May 31, 2010): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10168-010-0024-2.

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AbstractIn the last years the number of new forms of workplaces, such as call centers, increases. It is defined as a workstation where the basic tasks of a worker are carried out with the use of a phone and a computer. According to statistics, about 1.3-4% of workers are employed in call centers in the European countries. The noise is one of the harmful and annoying hazards of call center workstations. The paper presents the noise sources in call center rooms, assessment criteria of noise and results of noise measurements in call center workstations. The results of measurements show that the noise at call center workstations (during the use of handset receiver phone by operators) can be harmful (causing the risk of hearing loss) and annoying, as it makes it difficult to carry out the basic work activities and causes additionally auditory disadvantageous changes in health.

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Colim, Ana, Carlos Faria, João Cunha, João Oliveira, Nuno Sousa, and Luís A. Rocha. "Physical Ergonomic Improvement and Safe Design of an Assembly Workstation through Collaborative Robotics." Safety 7, no. 1 (February 18, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety7010014.

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One of the key interesting features of collaborative robotic applications is the potential to lighten the worker workload and potentiate better working conditions. Moreover, developing robotics applications that meets ergonomic criteria is not always a straightforward endeavor. We propose a framework to guide the safe design and conceptualization of ergonomic-driven collaborative robotics workstations. A multi-disciplinary approach involving robotics and ergonomics and human factors shaped this methodology that leads future engineers through the digital transformation of a manual assembly (with repetitive and hazardous operations) to a hybrid workstation, focusing on the physical ergonomic improvement. The framework follows four main steps, (i) the characterization of the initial condition, (ii) the risk assessment, (iii) the definition of requirements for a safe design, and (iv) the conceptualization of the hybrid workstation with all the normative implications it entails. We applied this methodology to a case study in an assembly workstation of a furniture manufacturing company. Results show that the methodology adopted sets an adequate foundation to accelerate the design and development of new human-centered collaborative robotic workstations.

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Quon, Jeffrey S., Marc Dilauro, and John G. Ryan. "Disinfection of the Radiologist Workstation and Radiologist Hand Hygiene: A Single Institution Practice Quality Improvement Project." Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 68, no. 3 (August 2017): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2016.09.004.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the workstation disinfection rates and hand hygiene of radiologists and trainees at shared departmental workstations and assess the impact of education and reminder placards on daily habits. Methods A 10-question survey was administered to all staff radiologists, fellows, and residents at our institution. The questions pertained to workstation disinfection, hand hygiene habits, and accessibility to disinfectant wipes and hand sanitizer stations. Subsequently, a short educational PowerPoint presentation was emailed to the department and small reminder placards were placed at each workstation. A follow-up survey was administered. Chi-square and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to analyse the results. Results The percentage of participants who disinfect their workstations 1-2 times/week, 3-4 times/week or everyday increased from 53.4% (45 of 84 participants) to 74.3% (55 of 74 participants; P = .01), while the number who disinfect their workstation <1 time/week or never decreased from 46.4% (39 of 84 participants) to 25.7% (19 of 74 participants; P = .01). Hand washing before working at the workstation increased from 41.6% (35 of 84 participants) to 48.7% (36 of 74 participants; P = .76) and hand washing after working at the workstation increased from 50.0% (42 of 84 participants) to 56.8% (42 of 74 participants; P = .49). Conclusions At our institution, the implementation of daily reminder placards at each workstation and the administration of an educational PowerPoint presentation improved the rate of radiologist workstation disinfection.

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Freivalds, Andris, and Joseph H. Goldberg. "Integrated Workstations for the Instruction of Job Design and Evaluation." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 36, no. 6 (October 1992): 553–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129203600604.

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There are pressing needs to enhance the quality of undergraduate engineering instruction, including human factors engineering. Specific curricular and philosophical issues include: 1) Integration of Work Measurement and Human Factors, 2) Applications driven laboratories, 3) Open-ended problems, 4) Compartmentalization of knowledge, 5) White-collar work. In summary, the end goals of this laboratory development are innovative job design and evaluation workstations, which can provide students with real-world, open-ended problems. Two different workstations are proposed: a workstation appropriate for typical blue-collar assembly work and a workstation appropriate for white-collar computer driven work. The white-collar workstation will simulate modern-computer driven office jobs, and the common factors influencing their productivity, such as speed, accuracy, noise, illumination, etc. The blue-collar workstation would be centered around a typical assembly process found in the U.S. automotive industry. Specifically, carburetor assembly will be utilized because of the large number of fairly intricate parts, the highly repetitive and rapid assembly process, and the need for power driven tools. These also happen to be the prime factors that are thought to increase the incidence of cumulative trauma disorders in U.S. industry. The students will examine tool parameters, and be able to adjust the support of the tool with tool balancers, cut the detrimental impact of power tools on the hand, using the reaction torque bars and implement novel approaches, such as arm rests or arm slings as used in Sweden.

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Valauskas, Edward. "Macintosh Workstations." Library Workstation Report 6, no. 3 (March 1989): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb027396.

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Schuyler, Michael. "DOS Workstations." Library Workstation Report 6, no. 4 (April 1989): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb027397.

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Valauskas, Edward. "Macintosh Workstations." Library Workstation Report 6, no. 4 (April 1989): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb027398.

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Schuyler, Michael. "DOS Workstations." Library Workstation Report 6, no. 5 (May 1989): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb027399.

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Valauskas, Edward. "Macintosh Workstations." Library Workstation Report 6, no. 5 (May 1989): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb027400.

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Schuyler, Michael. "DOS Workstations." Library Workstation Report 7, no. 7 (July 1990): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb027423.

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Schuyler, Michael. "DOS Workstations." Library Workstation and PC Report 5, no. 11 (November 1988): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb027389.

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Valauskas, Edward. "Macintosh Workstations." Library Workstation and PC Report 5, no. 11 (November 1988): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb027390.

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Schuyler, Michael. "DOS Workstations." Library Workstation Report 6, no. 1 (January 1989): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb027391.

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Valauskas, Edward. "Macintosh Workstations." Library Workstation Report 6, no. 1 (January 1989): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb027392.

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Schuyler, Michael. "DOS Workstations." Library Workstation Report 6, no. 2 (February 1989): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb027393.

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Valauskas, Edward. "Macintosh Workstations." Library Workstation Report 6, no. 2 (February 1989): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb027394.

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Schuyler, Michael. "DOS Workstations." Library Workstation Report 6, no. 3 (March 1989): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb027395.

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Magdalin, William. "Microscope workstations." International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery 22, no. 6 (November 2012): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.33589/22.6.222.

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&NA;. "Maladjusted Workstations." Back Letter 5, no. 11 (1991): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00130561-199105110-00002.

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Valauskas, Edward. "Macintosh Workstations." Library Workstation Report 6, no. 6 (June 1989): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb027402.

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Schuyler, Michael. "DOS Workstations." Library Workstation Report 6, no. 7 (July 1989): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb027403.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Workstations'

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