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Caspersz, Donella. "Asian Working Women and Agency: Their Voices." Economic and Labour Relations Review 14, no. 1 (June 2003): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530460301400105.
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The aim of this paper is to discuss the challenges of organising women workers in Asia, and to discuss how trade unions can facilitate their more effective participation in these movements. The paper is primarily informed by research undertaken with Southern Initiative on Globalization and Trade Union Rights (SIGTUR). Formed in Perth, Western Australia in 1991 and made up of delegates from India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia, South Korea, the Philippines, Hong Kong, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and Brazil, the aim of SIGTUR is to promote collaborative activity by independent trade unions in the ‘South’ or rather countries within the Asia-Pacific. The paper highlights the effects of neo-liberalism on workers and develop appropriate international responses.
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Abdilah, Hassan. "Islam and English Learning in Australia: Female Learners Working Through Differences." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 10, no. 3 (May 31, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.10n.3p.7.
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The study examines the way Islamic religion and culture influence Muslim immigrant women’s participation in English learning programs in Australia. It presents a narrative of three married Iraqi Muslim Immigrant Women’s (IMIW) experiences in both mainstream mix-gender and women-only English classes in Melbourne. Two data collection methods were employed, in-depth interviews and a focus group discussion, to generate data from the participants. The findings show that the participants struggled to cope with mixed-gender classes due to some social, cultural and religious attributes including familiarity with single-gender settings, family commitments and the culture of their community. The paper presents recommendations for the Australian government to pay more attention to women-only classes to stimulate immigrant women to English learning courses.
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Darian-Smith, Kate. "The ‘girls’: women press photographers and the representation of women in Australian newspapers." Media International Australia 161, no. 1 (September 26, 2016): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x16665002.
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In 1975, Fairfax News commemorated International Women’s Year by appointing Lorrie Graham as its first female cadet photographer. Women only joined the photographic staff of newspapers in significant numbers from the 1980s and were more likely to be employed on regional newspapers than the metropolitan dailies. This article draws on interviews with male and female press photographers collected for the National Library of Australia’s oral history programme. It provides an overview of the history of women press photographers in Australia, situating their working lives within an overtly masculine newspaper culture where gender inequity was entrenched. It also examines the gendered and evolving photographic representations of women in the Australian press, including those of women in positions of social and political leadership. Although women press photographers have achieved greater recognition in the 2000s, the transformation of the media industry has impacted the working practices and employment of press photographers.
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Morris Matthews, Kay, and Kay Whitehead. "Australian and New Zealand women teachers in the First World War." History of Education Review 48, no. 1 (June 3, 2019): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-05-2018-0012.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the contributions of women teachers to the war effort at home in Australia and New Zealand and in Egypt and Europe between 1914 and 1918. Design/methodology/approach Framed as a feminist transnational history, this research paper drew upon extensive primary and secondary source material in order to identify the women teachers. It provides comparative analyses using a thematic approach providing examples of women teachers war work at home and abroad. Findings Insights are offered into the opportunities provided by the First World War for channelling the abilities and leadership skills of women teachers at home and abroad. Canvassed also are the tensions for German heritage teachers; ideological differences concerning patriotism and pacifism and issues arising from government attitudes on both sides of the Tasman towards women’s war service. Originality/value This is likely the only research offering combined Australian–New Zealand analyses of women teacher’s war service, either in support at home in Australia and New Zealand or working as volunteers abroad. To date, the efforts of Australian and New Zealand women teachers have largely gone unrecognised.
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North, Louise. "Behind the mask: women in television news." Media International Australia 160, no. 1 (August 2016): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x16646235.
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The characteristics and lived experiences of women who work in television news in Australia have largely been overlooked in the field of journalism studies. This article, drawing on data from a larger project undertaken in 2012, focuses on 93 female respondents who identified as working in television news. It aims to provide a baseline study for further research by noting the characteristics and experiences of women who work in television news compared and contrasted with those women working in other news media platforms (newspapers, radio, wire services and online). While there are similarities between the cohorts, women in television in Australia are typically younger, earn more money and perceive greater gender equity in their workplaces. They do, however, experience higher levels of sexual harassment in the newsroom, although many appear to be resilient to its personal and professional ramifications.
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Trotman, Janina. "Women Teachers in Western Australian “Bush” Schools, 1900-1939: Passive Victims of Oppressive Structures?" History of Education Quarterly 46, no. 2 (2006): 248–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2006.tb00067.x.
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Demography, distance, and die expansion of settlements created problems for the State Department of Education in Western Australia and other Australian states in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Educational administration in Canada and parts of the United States faced similar issues with regard to the provision of schools. A common response was the establishment of one-teacher rural schools, frequently run by young, and sometimes unclassified, female teachers. In the United States locally elected school boards were the primary source of regulation, but in late nineteenth-century Western Australia such local boards had been stripped of their powers and were answerable to the newly established, highly centralized Education Department. Formal regulated teachers. The masculinized system of the Department and its inspectorate. All the same, however, the local community still exerted informal controls over the lives of teachers working and living in small settlements.
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Mina, Hao. "Feminism Is Still Relevant in Australia." Studies in Social Science Research 2, no. 3 (July 15, 2021): p26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sssr.v2n3p26.
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Feminist movements had been pervasive in the 20th century. It helped women to earn civil rights globally, welcomed by most civilized citizens. Then in the 21st century, it seems to have no reason to exist since there are no apparently observable and unpleasant unequal treatments towards women. Feminism, hence, is regarded as a word of the past by some people. Nevertheless, it is not the fact. By studying the situation in Australia, women in this nation have become the study object. Working opportunities in politics and business have been counted, combined with the study of relevant government policies towards different gender. The male’s changing attitude towards female in gender role has also exposed the socialization process in Australia. Through close scrutiny, it is found that feminism is still very much relevant in Australia.
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Toussaint, Sandy. "Don't Forget to Ask: Working with Women and with Men in Aboriginal Australia." Practicing Anthropology 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.23.1.3296tl7683617733.
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Until fairly recently, and with some notable exceptions, there was an absence of substantive data on the nature of Aboriginal women's lives, gender relations and women's relationships to land in Australian anthropology. This historical circumstance resulted in inadequate documentation of women's role and status, and interpretations which often confined women to domestic and secular domains and pursuits. Similarly to early data recorded in other subsistence economies such as Canada, America and Africa, the productive and reproductive roles of women (their food gathering and preparation responsibilities, and ability to give birth and to lactate) were often given precedence over women's involvement in land-based ritual and religious ceremonies (Endicott, 1999:411-418).
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Lawrence, Kate. "Aboriginal women working in vocational training and education: a story from Central Australia." Journal of Vocational Education & Training 58, no. 4 (December 2006): 423–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13636820601005545.
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Felton, Emma. "A f/oxymoron?: Women, creativity and the suburbs." Queensland Review 22, no. 2 (December 2015): 168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2015.27.
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AbstractDonald Horne famously wrote, ‘Australia was born urban and quickly grew suburban’ (1964), an observation that carries a weight of assumptions about suburban living. Historically, the Australian suburbs have been regarded as places of retreat, family life and female activity, and subsequently as a place where not much of interest happens. By contrast, a city's central areas are seen as more dynamic spaces and, with recent creative city thinking and planning, as potential powerhouses of innovation and creativity. This article challenges assumptions about suburban living as passive places of retreat through an examination of women in the creative workforce who are living and working in the suburbs. It draws on historical accounts of creative suburban activity and a research project that mapped and investigated the experience of creative workers in the outer suburbs of Brisbane and Melbourne. The study finds that there is much creative work occurring in suburban localities, but this is not as unusual as might be expected.
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Gray, Gwen. "How Australia Came to Have a National Women's Health Policy." International Journal of Health Services 28, no. 1 (January 1998): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pcpl-8xa9-wkxu-d1a3.
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A National Women's Health Policy was launched in Australia in 1989, and Australia became the only country to have a comprehensive policy on women's health. The policy is intended to provide a framework for decisionmaking in both mainstream and separate women's health services. The author examines the forces and factors that led to the formulation and adoption of the policy, then addresses the question of why Australia is alone in choosing a national policy as a focus for women's health action. A number of key influences, either absent or weaker in comparable countries, worked together to facilitate policy development. The activities of women working in a number of arenas coincided with the election of relatively supportive governments, creation of women's policy machinery in bureaucracies, employment of feminists in key positions, and opportunities for policy expansion afforded by federalism. These influences, within the Australian ideological context of strong support for social liberalism, account for the country's distinctive policy position.
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Dickenson, Jackie, and Rosemary Francis. "The Precarious Working Life of Muriel Heagney, Labour Activist." Labour History: Volume 118, Issue 1 118, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlh.2020.2.
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Muriel Heagney’s activism for equal pay for the sexes has been well documented. Heagney (1885–1974) is an important actor in the key works on the history of the struggle for equal pay and improved opportunities and conditions for women workers in Australia. But what about her own pay and conditions, during her more than 50 years as a labour activist? As an unmarried, working-class woman, how did she support herself and her activism? This article reconstructs Heagney’s working life across the first half of the twentieth century, seeking to explain its significant opportunities and major constraints. It finds two influences on Heagney’s unstable working life: her reluctance to compromise and resistance to factional allegiance, and the impact of the system she worked to overturn, in which as a woman she was paid less than a man for the same or similar work and struggled to secure long-term employment. Sustained by an authentic commitment to securing equal pay, Heagney weathered long periods of uncertain prospects and financial insecurity, experiences that resonate strongly with those of the so-called gigariat today.
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GOODALL, HEATHER, and DEVLEENA GHOSH. "Reimagining Asia: Indian and Australian women crossing borders." Modern Asian Studies 53, no. 04 (December 7, 2018): 1183–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x17000920.
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AbstractThe decades from the 1940s to the 1960s were ones of increasing contacts between women of India and Australia. These were not built on a shared British colonial history, but on commitments to visions circulating globally of equality between races, sexes, and classes. Kapila Khandvala from Bombay and Lucy Woodcock from Sydney were two women who met during such campaigns. Interacting roughly on an equal footing, they were aware of each other's activism in the Second World War and the emerging Cold War. Khandvala and Woodcock both made major contributions to the women's movements of their countries, yet have been largely forgotten in recent histories, as have links between their countries. We analyse their interactions, views, and practices on issues to which they devoted their lives: women's rights, progressive education, and peace. Their beliefs and practices on each were shaped by their respective local contexts, although they shared ideologies that were circulating internationally. These kept them in contact over many years, during which Kapila built networks that brought Australians into the sphere of Indian women's awareness, while Lucy, in addition to her continuing contacts with Kapila, travelled to China and consolidated links between Australian and Chinese women in Sydney. Their activist world was centred not in Western Europe, but in a new Asia that linked Australia and India. Our comparative study of the work and interactions of these two activist women offers strategies for working on global histories, where collaborative research and analysis is conducted in both colonizing and colonized countries.
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Pocock, Barbara, Jude Elton, Alison Preston, Sara Charlesworth, Fiona MacDonald, Marian Baird, Rae Cooper, and Bradon Ellem. "The Impact of `Work Choices' on Women in Low Paid Employment in Australia: A Qualitative Analysis." Journal of Industrial Relations 50, no. 3 (June 2008): 475–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185608090001.
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This article summarizes the effects of the Howard Government's `Work Choices' amendments to the Workplace Relations Act 1996, based on qualitative analysis of its impact on 121 low paid women workers. The main effects of the regulatory changes are on job security, income, voice, working time and redundancy pay. The analysis draws attention to the nexus between protection from unfair dismissal and security of working time and employee voice: many of those interviewed in the study had lost access to protection from unfair dismissal and as a consequence could no longer effectively influence their working hours, or request flexibility. Employer prerogative was perceived to have strengthened in many of their workplaces, with consequences for the intensity of work. The analysis suggests that improvements in minimum standards and job security are vital if low paid workers like those included in the study are to exercise voice over working time and avoid significant deteriorations in their pay and conditions.
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Byrne, Margaret, Linda Broadhurst, Michelle Leishman, and Kathy Belov. "Women in conservation science making a difference." Pacific Conservation Biology 24, no. 3 (2018): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18061.
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Conservation science has a long history of providing the evidence-base that underpins management of diverse and unique biota and landscapes. This special issue brings together the stories of a range of women in conservation science to showcase the great work being done to develop and improve our knowledge and understanding of Australian plants, animals and ecosystems, across a range of disciplines and sectors. We focus on Australia in recognition of recent commitments by Australian institutions to achieve gender parity in Australian science, while acknowledging the achievements of women in conservation science globally. In this overview we highlight several exemplary women who have paved the way for those of us who have come after them, and present a brief snapshot of the careers of these women to acknowledge their contributions to the development of conservation science, and its associated disciplines. We also distil some common themes that have been identified by the women in the articles featured in this special issue, particularly passion and enthusiasm for the natural environment; multiple pathways that women have taken; satisfaction derived from working collaboratively across disciplines and with a variety of scientists, policy, managers and practitioners; and seeking to embrace diversity. A striking point from many of the stories, that we hope is changing now, is that many of the women had few female role models, yet the stories highlight their resilience and determination and their desire to inspire other young women to take up the challenge of a career in conservation science.
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Oakman, Jodi, Natasha Kinsman, Katrina Lambert, Rwth Stuckey, Melissa Graham, and Victoria Weale. "Working from home in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional results from the Employees Working From Home (EWFH) study." BMJ Open 12, no. 4 (April 2022): e052733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052733.
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ObjectivesTo investigate the impacts, on mental and physical health, of a mandatory shift to working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignCross sectional, online survey.SettingOnline survey was conducted from September 2020 to November 2020 in the general population.ParticipantsAustralian residents working from home for at least 2 days a week at some time in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.Main outcome measuresDemographics, caring responsibilities, working from home arrangements, work-related technology, work–family interface, psychosocial and physical working conditions, and reported stress and musculoskeletal pain.Results924 Australians responded to the online questionnaire. Respondents were mostly women (75.5%) based in Victoria (83.7%) and employed in the education and training and healthcare sectors. Approximately 70% of respondents worked five or more days from home, with only 60% having a dedicated workstation in an uninterrupted space. Over 70% of all respondents reported experiencing musculoskeletal pain or discomfort. Gendered differences were observed; men reported higher levels of family to work conflict (3.16±1.52 to 2.94±1.59, p=0.031), and lower levels of recognition for their work (3.75±1.03 to 3.96±1.06, p=0.004), compared with women. For women, stress (2.94±0.92 to 2.66±0.88, p<0.001) and neck/shoulder pain (4.50±2.90 to 3.51±2.84, p<0.001) were higher than men and they also reported more concerns about their job security than men (3.01±1.33 to 2.78±1.40, p=0.043).ConclusionsPreliminary evidence from the current study suggests that working from home may impact employees’ physical and mental health, and that this impact is likely to be gendered. Although further analysis is required, these data provide insights into further research opportunities needed to assist employers in optimising working from home conditions and reduce the potential negative physical and mental health impacts on their employees.
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Adams, Catina, Leesa Hooker, and Angela Taft. "Threads of Practice: Enhanced Maternal and Child Health Nurses Working With Women Experiencing Family Violence." Global Qualitative Nursing Research 8 (January 2021): 233339362110517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23333936211051703.
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Family violence is a serious public health issue with significant health consequences for women and children. Enhanced Maternal and Child Health nurses (EMCH) in Victoria, Australia, work with women experiencing family violence; however, scholarly examination of the clinical work of nurses has not occurred. This qualitative study explored how EMCH nurses work with women experiencing abuse, describing the personal and professional challenges for nurses undertaking family violence work. Twenty-five nurses participated in semi-structured interviews. Using interpretive description methodology has enabled an insight into nurses' family violence work. Threads of practice identified included (1) Validating/Reframing; (2) Non-judgmental support/Safeguarding and (3) Following/Leading. The nurses highlighted the diversity of experience for women experiencing abuse and nurses' roles in family violence nurse practice. The research contributes to understanding how EMCH nurses traverse threads of practice to support women experiencing family violence.
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Livesay, Karen, Ruby Walter, Sascha Petersen, and Lin Zhao. "Are women nursing academics represented in university leadership positions?" Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 19, no. 1 (March 8, 2022): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53761/1.19.1.07.
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The nursing workforce constitutes the largest professional health workforce in Australia. Nursing is traditionally a female dominated profession. This study reviewed Australian universities that provide entry to practice nursing education. The study identified the distribution of females and males in leadership in nursing education, the positioning of the discipline in the university, and where nurses occupy leadership roles above the nursing discipline (faculty/college). Of the 37 universities that offered entry to practice nursing, more females were evident. However, more men were evident in academia than the proportion of men in nursing outside of the academic setting. Leadership nomenclature varied within each nursing discipline group reviewed. This study demonstrated that the number of nursing academics has decreased since the late 1990’s. The nursing workforce is still a significant contributor to the academic workforce and yet numbers of nurse academics working in roles senior to their discipline were few. This paper discusses how the nursing workforce as predominantly female, has implications to both females and males, and may impact opportunities for leadership and promotion to senior roles.
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Tranter, Bruce, and Ruby Grant. "A class act? Social background and body modifications in Australia." Journal of Sociology 54, no. 3 (January 29, 2018): 412–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783318755017.
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Are we witnessing the democratisation of body modification in Australia? The prevalence and social background of body modifications is examined using national and state-level survey data from Australia. We find body modifications to be more prevalent among younger, less educated, working-class, non-conservative Australians. Women are far more likely than men are to have body piercings, although in Queensland, young women are more likely than young men to be tattooed. Important life events such as pregnancy, separating from a long-term partner or experiencing violence are also associated with body modifications. While body modifications may be on the rise, social factors still influence the uptake of body modification practices in Australia, suggesting these are socially circumscribed taste-based practices, and should not yet be described as normative.
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Little, Charles. "Gender, Class and Sporting Opportunity: Working-Class Women and Sport in Early Twentieth-Century Australia." International Journal of the History of Sport 31, no. 13 (July 3, 2014): 1677–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2014.930786.
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Gunasekara, Fiona Imlach, Kristie Carter, and Sarah McKenzie. "Income-related health inequalities in working age men and women in Australia and New Zealand." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 37, no. 3 (June 2013): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12061.
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Wood, Katie. "Pioneer Girls and Flappers: Australia’s Early Female Ammunition Workers." Labour History: Volume 117, Issue 1 117, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlh.2019.17.
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In 1890, in the midst of an extended public debate on the right of women to work and the conditions of those who did, a small arms ammunition factory was built on the banks of the Maribyrnong River in Victoria. The Colonial Ammunition Company employed women almost exclusively from its establishment until the end of World War I. During this time, the workforce became the largest group of women workers engaged in the metal industries across Australia. This article will draw out their working experience by focusing on several key questions. Why were women employed? How was their experience and how were their methods of organisation shaped by gender? How did World War I impact on this experience? Exploring the answers to these particular questions draws out some of the key ways in which gender shaped the working lives of these women.
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Schröder, Martin. "Men Lose Life Satisfaction with Fewer Hours in Employment: Mothers Do Not Profit from Longer Employment—Evidence from Eight Panels." Social Indicators Research 152, no. 1 (July 16, 2020): 317–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02433-5.
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Abstract This article uses random and fixed effects regressions with 743,788 observations from panels of East and West Germany, the UK, Australia, South Korea, Russia, Switzerland and the United States. It shows how the life satisfaction of men and especially fathers in these countries increases steeply with paid working hours. In contrast, the life satisfaction of childless women is less related to long working hours, while the life satisfaction of mothers hardly depends on working hours at all. In addition, women and especially mothers are more satisfied with life when their male partners work longer, while the life satisfaction of men hardly depend on their female partners’ work hours. These differences between men and women are starker where gender attitudes are more traditional. They cannot be explained through differences in income, occupations, partner characteristics, period or cohort effects. These results contradict role expansionist theory, which suggests that men and women profit similarly from moderate work hours; they support role conflict theory, which claims that men are most satisfied with longer and women with shorter work hours.
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Hahn, Markus H., Duncan McVicar, and Mark Wooden. "Is casual employment in Australia bad for workers’ health?" Occupational and Environmental Medicine 78, no. 1 (October 8, 2020): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2020-106568.
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ObjectivesThis paper assessed the impact of working in casual employment, compared with permanent employment, on eight health attributes that make up the 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) Health Survey, separately by sex. The mental health impacts of casual jobs with irregular hours over which the worker reports limited control were also investigated.MethodsLongitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey, over the period 2001–2018, were used to investigate the relationship between the eight SF-36 subscales and workers’ employment contract type. Individual, household and job characteristic confounders were included in dynamic panel data regression models with correlated random effects.ResultsFor both men and women, health outcomes for casual workers were no worse than for permanent workers for any of the eight SF-36 health attributes. For some health attributes, scores for casual workers were higher (ie, better) than for permanent workers (role physical: men: β=1.15, 95% CI 0.09 to 2.20, women: β=1.79, 95% CI 0.79 to 2.80; bodily pain: women: β=0.90, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.54; vitality: women: β=0.65, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.18; social functioning: men: β=1.00, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.73); role emotional: men: β=1.81, 95% CI 0.73 to 2.89, women: β=1.24, 95% CI 0.24 to 2.24). Among women (but not men), mental health and role emotional scores were lower for irregular casual workers than for regular permanent workers but not statistically significantly so.ConclusionsThis study found no evidence that casual employment in Australia is detrimental to self-assessed worker health.
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Aragão, Áurea Machado de, and Antônio Martins De Oliveira Júnior. "Socioeconomic and demographic scenario of Brazil, India and Australia." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 9 (September 30, 2019): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss9.1725.
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This work presents a study on the social, economic and demographic aspects of Brazil, India and Australia. For this study, a socioeconomic and demographic survey was carried out, analysing Brazil, India and Australia, aimed at comparing the current scenario of these three countries. For the qualitative and quantitative analysis, data mining on the World Bank, IndexMundi, CountryEconomy, Trading Economics and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) databases was performed, having subsequently drawn graphs that summarise the textual information found. With the results, among other conclusions, it was observed that Indian women are not highly present in the job market, with Brazil and Australia having an analogous rate of working women. Furthermore, a similarity was found between the rates of articles published in scientific journals in both Brazil and Australia. Regarding per capita spending on health, it could be noted that the rate in Australia is 10 times higher than in Brazil, while this rate is 20 times lower in India when compared to Brazil. It was also concluded that, although India has 60% more requests for resident and non-resident patent applications, the revenue from intellectual property in this country is 36% lower than the one in Australia and 19% lower than in Brazil.
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Barry, Lucinda, Leanne Storer, and Meron Pitcher. "The impact of a breast cancer diagnosis on women’s work status." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.7_suppl.23.
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23 Background: The diagnosis and treatment of cancer often causes financial stress, partly by impacting on the ability to continue in paid employment. Our aim was to identify changes in work status 12 months after a diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods: An audit of the medical records of women who presented to the Western Health (Victoria, Australia) nurse led breast cancer Survivorship Clinic (SC) between October 2015 and October 2016 was performed to identify employment status at diagnosis and at their review at SC 12 months later. Results: 111 records were reviewed. The mean age was 55 (range 28-82yrs). 84 of these women (76%) were 65 years of younger at the time of diagnosis. 46 of the 84 women ≤65 years were in paid employment at diagnosis (55%), and 38 (83%) were still working in some capacity at review in the SC. Of the 38 still working, 28 were working in the same capacity, 8 were working reduced hours, and 2 were working increased hours. Women who had axillary dissections were most likely to have changed work status. Financial stress was reported by 8/19 of women who stopped working or had changed work hours, including 9 no longer in paid employment and 10 with changed hours. 2/28 women working in the same capacity reported financial stress. 65% of those who reported financial stress (11/17) had chemotherapy as part of their treatment. Conclusions: A breast cancer diagnosis has the ability to influence a woman's work status one year after diagnosis. Health professionals should appreciate the potential work concerns and financial stresses continuing to affect their patients.
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Riach, Kathleen, and Gavin Jack. "Women’s Health in/and Work: Menopause as an Intersectional Experience." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 10793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010793.
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This paper employs an intersectional lens to explore menopausal experiences of women working in the higher education and healthcare sectors in Australia. Open-text responses from surveys across three universities and three healthcare settings were subject to a multistage qualitative data analysis. The findings explore three aspects of menopause experience that required women to contend with a constellation of aged, gendered and ableist dynamics and normative parameters of labor market participation. Reflecting on the findings, the paper articulates the challenges of menopause as issues of workplace inequality that are rendered visible through an intersectional lens. The paper holds a range of implications for how to best support women going through menopause at work. It emphasizes the need for approaches to tackle embedded and more complex modes of inequality that impact working women’s menopause, and ensure that workforce policy both protects and supports menopausal women experiencing intersectional disadvantage.
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Pocock, Barbara. "All Change, Still Gendered : the Australian Labour Market in the 1990s." Journal of Industrial Relations 40, no. 4 (December 1998): 580–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569804000405.
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The gendered character of the Australian labour market is rarely the subject of direct research and policy making in Australia at present. Conservative govern ments uncritically endorse the globalising and so-called deregulation of the labour market, suggesting that it offers a boon for women. This paper reviews aspects of women's current labour market experience by referring to characteristics that range across the boundaries of home and waged work and suggest continuing interdependencies between the spheres. These include work patterns; sex segregation; wages, conditions and bargaining; quality of working life and 'family-friendliness' in the workplace. The article summarises current literature and offers some new analysis and data. There are few signs that women's employment status is improving relative to men's, and instead some indicators suggest an increasing divide in tbe labour markets—both between the sexes and between women. The analysis is relevant to theory, policy and the practical business of combining paid work and home life.
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Puplick, Chris. "Discrimination and the world of Work A Coming." Australian Journal of Career Development 6, no. 1 (April 1997): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841629700600111.
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Working life is in the process of radical and rapid transformation. Unemployment remaining high through recession and recovery, corporate downsizing, more casual and part-time work together with more intense job insecurity mark the outlines of the emergent “30–30–40” society. At the same time, Australian society is also being transformed by such influences as a more evidently diverse population arising from migration inflows and the changing social and economic roles of men and women. In these changes, Australia reflects internationally observable phenomena. Discrimination law both encourages and stands witness to such transformations, but appears so far to have limited influence in promoting disadvantaged minorities to the top tables of privilege. Women, people from non-English-speaking backgrounds and indigenous Australians are more evident in the workplace, but access and equity questions for them remain unresolved. Nonetheless, acceptance of social diversity and the ability to navigate it will provide the keys to the future.
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Saunders, Kay, and Katie Spearritt. "Hazardous beginnings: childbirth practices in frontier tropical Australia." Queensland Review 3, no. 2 (July 1996): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600006401.
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Europeans living in the northern half of the Australian continent during the nineteenth century were united, and spurred on by, a dominant ideology of material progress, combined with a strong fear of being engulfed, both numerically and culturally, by foreign invaders. These bulwarks of Eurocentricism gave voice to strongly pro-natalist policies, coupled with intense immigration drives. The image of vast, uninhabited stretches of country waiting to be tamed by resolute, hard-working Britons added to the momentum for increased population. Progress, conceived in the masculinist framework of aggressive expansion, ruthless destruction of the Aboriginal people, economic development and environmental exploitation, needed not only capital, brawn and sheer determination to succeed but, also, healthy young citizens. Demographers graphs, however, fuelled anxiety that this dream might be undermined - for infant and maternal mortality rates in the tropics and sub-tropics were high compared with the rest of Australia and Britain. Masculinist attributes alone could not build the new society. Childbirth was potentially a hazardous and lethal undertaking which threatened to deprive the nascent colony of many fertile women and, in their demise, future generations.
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Dellios, Alexandra. "‘It was just you and your child’: Single migrant mothers, generational storytelling and Australia’s migrant heritage." Memory Studies 13, no. 4 (January 9, 2018): 586–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698017750000.
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On the 10 and 11 February 2016, former residents of one of Australia’s post-war ‘holding’ centres for migrant arrivals presented evidence at a hearing for the site’s inclusion on the Victorian Heritage Register. They were aware that the Victorian Heritage Register held few places of significance to post-war migrant communities, let alone working migrant women, which Benalla largely accommodated. They chose to retell their mothers’ stories and explicitly expressed a desire to honour their mothers’ memory at this hearing. This article will explore the impetus expressed by these former child migrants of Benalla to tell their mothers’ stories and unpack its associated implications for the history and collective remembrance of Australia’s post-war migrants. These former child migrants found a platform in the heritage hearing, a platform from which they could piece together their mothers’ history and insist that it is a history worthy of heritage listing and public acknowledgement. On a broad level, I ask, what can a contentious history like Benalla’s offer the history of post-war migration in Australia? Specifically, what role do generational stories of single working migrant women have in the remembering of migrant history and heritage practice in Australia?
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Wilkin, Alice, and Pranee Liamputtong. "The photovoice method: researching the experiences of Aboriginal health workers through photographs." Australian Journal of Primary Health 16, no. 3 (2010): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py09071.
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This paper discusses the methodological framework and perspectives that were used in a larger study aiming at examining the experience of working life among female Aboriginal health care workers. Currently, the voice of Aboriginal women who work in the Australian health system has not received much attention. In comparison to other occupations and backgrounds, there is virtually no literature on Aboriginal woman health care workers despite 15% of health care and social service industry employees in Australia being Aboriginal. In this study, we selected female participants because of the fact that of these 15% of health workers in the Victorian health system, 76% of them are women. This paper outlines some of the barriers in researching Indigenous communities. These barriers were overcome in this study by framing the research in feminist theory, decolonising theory, empowerment and by employing the photovoice method. The photovoice method was used because it is relatively unobtrusive and has the capacity to be empowering. All data was extrapolated from the participants’ own narratives that were prompted by the photographs they had taken. The data produced were rich descriptions and narratives that were oral as well as visual. Finally, the article discusses the experience of using the photovoice method from the researcher and participants’ perspective.
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Redmond, Janice, Elizabeth Anne Walker, and Jacquie Hutchinson. "Self-employment: is it a long-term financial strategy for women?" Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 36, no. 4 (May 15, 2017): 362–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-10-2016-0078.
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Purpose Becoming self-employed has appeal to both genders. For many women, balancing work and family is a key motivator. However, businesses owned and operated by women are often very small, with limited turnover. This potentially can have disastrous consequences when these women come to retire, unless a solid retirement savings strategy has been considered. The purpose of this paper is to outline many of the issues and implications of a lack of research in this area. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 201 small business owners via a convenience sample derived from various databases. The survey was completed on-line and analysed using SPSS. Findings Many self-employed women in Australia have neither enough savings for their retirement, or an actual retirement plan. This is exacerbated by the lack of regulation requiring mandatory contributions into a superannuation (personal pension) fund by small business owners, unlike pay as you go employees, whose employers must contribute a certain about on their behalf. Social implications Middle-to-older aged women are the biggest cohort of homeless people in Australia. This is likely to grow as self-employed Baby Boomers stop working and find they do not have sufficient personal financial resources to fund their retirement. Originality/value Whereas there is much written about gender and small business ownership, as well as retirement and savings planning, these two areas have not been researched before in Australia. Yet it is an issue for the majority of small business owners, particularly women.
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Hill, Elizabeth, Marian Baird, Ariadne Vromen, Rae Cooper, Zoe Meers, and Elspeth Probyn. "Young women and men: Imagined futures of work and family formation in Australia." Journal of Sociology 55, no. 4 (October 10, 2019): 778–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783319877001.
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In the debates about the future of work there is a lack of analysis on how young women and men are approaching their future work and family lives. In this article we use data collected in the Australian Women’s Working Future (AWWF) Project 2017 to analyse what young workers imagine will be important to their future success in work and family. We find that formal workplace supports for care, such as paid parental leave and childcare, and workplace flexibility are identified as very important. Shared domestic labour is also desired. Parents have the strongest expectations for care policy supports. Young men without children are least likely to factor these into future work trajectories, while young women do. However, data on women’s plans for family formation, compared with men’s, suggests that difficulties accessing vital care supports pose a risk to young women’s ability to work, form families and care.
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Noble, Carolyn, and Jane Mears. "The impact of affirmative action legislation on women working in higher education in Australia: progress or procrastination?" Women in Management Review 15, no. 8 (December 2000): 404–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420010379312.
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Michell, Dee, Liz Beddoe, Heather Fraser, and Michele Jarldorn. "Solidarity and support:feminist memory work focus groups with working-class women studying social science degrees in Australia." International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 30, no. 2 (October 18, 2016): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2016.1242804.
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Giotis, Chrisanthi. "Dismantling the Deadlock: Australian Muslim Women’s Fightback against the Rise of Right-Wing Media." Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10020071.
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In Australia, as in other multicultural countries, the global Islamophobic discourse linking Muslims to terrorists to refugees results in the belief of an “enemy within”, which fractures the public sphere. Muslim minorities learn to distrust mainstream media as the global discourse manifests in localised right-wing discussion. This fracturing was further compounded in 2020 with increased media concentration and polarisation. In response, 12 young Australian Muslim women opened themselves up to four journalists working for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). They engaged in critical journalism research called Frame Reflection Interviews (FRIs). The process gave journalists important knowledge around the power dynamics of Islamophobia and empowered participants to help shape new media discourses tackling Islamophobia. This paper proposes that the FRIs are one method to rebuild trust in journalism while redistributing risk towards the journalists. These steps are necessary to build a normatively cosmopolitan global public sphere capable of breaking the discursive link between refugees and terrorism and fighting back against the rise of the far right.
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Hutchinson, Terry, and Heather Skousgaard. "Women in the Queensland Legal Workplace: a Snapshot." Deakin Law Review 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2008vol13no1art152.
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<p>In addition to collating details of the demographic and working habits of over 2500 QLS members, the Queensland Law Society’s Equalising Opportunities in the Law Committee 2003 Membership Survey Report focused on the nature and prevalence of discrimination and harassment in the Queensland legal workplace. Primary areas of concern to the<br />respondents included discrimination or harassment on the basis of gender, age, family responsibilities, pregnancy and marital status. The results of this survey firmly demonstrate that promoting diversity in the Queensland legal<br />workplace should be made a priority. Efforts to amend the Law Council of Australia Model Conduct Rules are ongoing. Providing this is done, will it be sufficient? What else needs to be changed to improve the situation and improve opportunities for diversity in the legal profession?</p>
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Elliott, Dorice Williams. "TRANSPORTED TO BOTANY BAY: IMAGINING AUSTRALIA IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY CONVICT BROADSIDES." Victorian Literature and Culture 43, no. 2 (February 25, 2015): 235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150314000539.
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The speaker of this ballad(circa 1828) laments the fact that, though he was born of “honest parents,” he became “a roving blade” and has been convicted of an unspecified crime for which he has been sentenced to “Botany Bay,” a popular name for Australia. Although he addresses his audience as “young men of learning,” the rest of the ballad implies that he, as is conventional in the broadside form, is a working-class apprentice gone astray. Like this fictional speaker, approximately 160,000 men and women convicted of crimes ranging from poaching hares to murder – but mostly theft – were transported to one of the new British colonies in Australia between the years 1787 and 1867. Minor crimes such as shoplifting, which today would merit some community service and a fine, yielded a sentence of seven years, while other felons were sentenced for fourteen years to life for more serious crimes. While non-fictional accounts of the young colony of New South Wales were published in Britain almost as soon as the First Fleet arrived there in 1788, these were written by people with at least a middle-class education, whereas the vast majority of the convicted felons who were transported came from the working classes. Since books and newspapers were expensive and the level of literacy among working-class people varied considerably, few of them would have had access to such accounts of the new colonies. Several descriptions, mostly borrowed from the writings of the officers who accompanied the First Fleet, were published in cheap chapbook form, while occasional letters from convicts to their families were printed and distributed, and of course there were unpublished letters plus word-of-mouth reports from convicts or soldiers who did return. But none of these were broadly disseminated among working-class people.
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Bennett, Laura. "Women, Exploitation and the Australian Child-Care Industry: Breaking the Vicious Circle." Journal of Industrial Relations 33, no. 1 (March 1991): 20–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569103300102.
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In Australia in the 1990s, a complex combination of industrial and political factors interact with gender to produce the exploitation of child-care workers. Examination of the industry reveals the crucial role that government funding and policy play in determining working conditions. Analysis of the child-care industry also highlights the extent to which conditions in the industry are determined by a complex regulatory apparatus comprising legislation, regulations and departmental guidelines specific to the industry in addition to awards. Concentration on the characteristics of a distinctly female dominated industry reveals some of the limitations of mainstream industrial relations theory. It is clear that neither industrial relations nor feminism has yet provided the theoretical tools necessary not simply to explain the exploitation of women workers in such industries but also to overcome it.
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McDonald, Peter, and Helen Moyle. "The cessation of rising employment rates at older ages in Australia, 2000-2019." Australian Population Studies 4, no. 1 (May 22, 2020): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37970/aps.v4i1.61.
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Background In the first decade of the 21st century, employment at older ages surged in Australia, benefitting the Australian economy. Subsequent to 2010, however, employment rates at older ages ceased rising for older men and the increases were much more moderate for women.
Aim The aim of this paper is to examine these older-age employment trends in more detail, particularly the association between older-age employment trends and the business cycle. Some attention is also given to alternative explanations related to changes in the characteristics of the population and industrial structure.
Data and methods Two main data sources are used: published tables from the monthly Australian Bureau of Statistics Labour Force Surveys and the Australian censuses for the years 2006, 2011 and 2016. The methods used are primarily descriptive.
Results Strong labour demand in the first decade of the 21st century stimulated the entry to employment of those out of the labour force, especially at ages 45-54 and especially for men. A cooling of labour demand following the global financial crisis terminated this process in the second decade. There were strong associations between older age employment and various socio-economic characteristics, but, in general, changes in the composition of the population or in the rates of employment by these characteristics did not contribute to the cessation of rising employment after 2010.
Conclusions Employment rates at older ages in Australia in the first two decades of the 21st century were the results of shifts in labour demand before and after the global financial crisis. Policy related to the taxation of superannuation also induced workers with adequate superannuation, especially public sector workers, to continue working to at least age 60.
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Buchanan, Fiona. "Zero Tolerance in South Australia: A Statewide Community Initiative." Australian Journal of Primary Health 2, no. 1 (1996): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py96013.
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The Zero Tolerance Campaign against violence to women and children is a hard hitting, controversial campaign designed to raise public awareness and provoke debate about male abuse of power in the areas of domestic violence, rape and sexual assault, and child sexual abuse. Zero Tolerance is also an example of best practice in cross sectoral co-operation. The campaign comprises a statewide initiative involving the Health Promotion Unit of the South Australian Health Commission, the Domestic Violence Resource Unit, Family and Community Services, community health workers and local community action groups throughout the state. The process of bringing together a wide range of individuals from very different backgrounds and differing perspectives to work collaboratively on a controversial, innovative project led to extensive examination and defining of the issues involved. The planning process included a microcosm of the debate which Zero Tolerance intends to generate in the community. Resolution of the issues raised, employed many of the strategies developed and identified as best practice in the field of primary health care. The paper explores the challenges and rewards in the context of working collaboratively through the planning of a controversial initiative and identifies the merits of a campaign which has built on a diverse range of knowledge. Zero Tolerance, as a campaign, has the scope to be adapted in a variety of culturally and socially diverse initiatives as it becomes identified as an example of international best practice developed to stop violence against women and children.
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Cader, F. Aaysha, Mirvat Alasnag, and Shrilla Banerjee. "Sealing the leaky pipeline: attracting and retaining women in cardiology." Open Heart 8, no. 2 (July 2021): e001751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2021-001751.
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Multiple publications have addressed the under-representation of women in the cardiology workforce, and indeed in leadership positions and procedural subspecialities, despite gender parity among medical school graduates. The work–life balance does not appear to be the only determining factor since other specialties such as obstetrics have a adequate representation of women. Vlachadis Castles et al report the results from their online survey of 452 female doctors (both trainees and specialists) from Australia and New Zealand, 13% of whom were women in cardiology. Female cardiologists reported working longer hours and more on-call commitments; significantly fewer women in cardiology reported a balanced life, or that cardiology was family friendly or female friendly, despite a greater earning capacity and an overwhelming majority agreeing that they were professionally challenged whilst intellectually stimulated in their jobs. Our editorial addresses the deterrents to women in cardiology seeking leadership opportunities in all areas including academic, administrative and research positions.
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Kertesz, Margaret, Cathy Humphreys, Lisa Young Larance, Dave Vicary, Anneliese Spiteri-Staines, and Georgia Ovenden. "Working with women who use force: a feasibility study protocol of the Positive (+)SHIFT group work programme in Australia." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 2019): e027496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027496.
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IntroductionThis study assesses the feasibility of the Positive Shift (+SHIFT) programme in the context of legal responses and social welfare provision in the state of Victoria, Australia.The +SHIFT programme, adapted from the Vista curriculum, is a group work and case management programme for women who use force. Building on traditional survivor support group strengths, the programme facilitates participants’ engagement with viable alternatives to force while promoting healing. The study also aims to increase understanding about the characteristics and needs of women who use force in Australia.Methods and analysisThis feasibility study will assess the +SHIFT programme’s appropriateness in addressing women’s use of force in the Victorian context. Process evaluation will be undertaken to identify recruitment, retention, women’s participation, barriers to implementation, the appropriateness of proposed outcome measures and other issues. The feasibility of an outcome evaluation which would employ a longitudinal mixed methods design with measures administered at preprogramme, programme completion and 3 months postprogramme time points, along with semistructured interviews with participants, programme staff and referring professionals, will also be assessed.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics approval was obtained from the University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee. Results of the study will be communicated to the programme providers as part of the action research process evaluation methodology. On completion, final results will be reported to programme providers and funding bodies, and published in academic journals and presented at national and international conferences.
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Baker, Andrea, and Katrina Williams. "Building on #MeToo and #MeNoMore: Devising a framework to examine sexual violence in Australian music journalism." Australian Journalism Review 41, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajr.41.1.103_1.
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Allegations against film producer Harvey Weinstein, co-owner of US entertainment company Miramax Films, which led to the revitalized #MeToo movement of October 2017, gave global recognition to the sexual violence (sexism, misogyny, sexual harassment, assault and rape) that women experience in the creative industries. As a spin-off, the #MeNoMore campaign in December 2017 resulted in more than 400 women working in the Australian music industry speaking out against similar behavior. Despite having a reputation for sexual violence, the local music press played a minor role in this hashtag development, claiming that its practices are tied to radical, liberal and progressive values. In the post-Weinstein, #MeToo and #MeNoMore era, this contradiction signifies that the Australian music press is fertile ground for a feminist investigation. However, to date minimal local research has examined the link between sexual violence and music journalism. As a literature review to a larger empirical case study, this article draws on a critical discourse analysis from the post-feminist wave of media research into rockism, poptimism, punk, rap, hip hop, dubstep and electronic dance music genres, mainly conducted in the United States and United Kingdom. Derived from this analysis, the article argues that there are four framing techniques associated with music journalism practice in Australia: gendered music press, a masculine attitude towards music reporting, gendered musical tastes and gendered sexual harassment.
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Ju, Xiangqun, Karen Canfell, Kirsten Howard, Gail Garvey, Joanne Hedges, Megan Smith, and Lisa Jamieson. "Population-based utility scores for HPV infection and cervical squamous cell carcinoma among Australian Indigenous women." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 22, 2021): e0254575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254575.
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Objective Working in partnership with Indigenous communities in South Australia, we aimed to develop, pilot test and estimate utility scores for health states relating to cervical cancer screening, precancer, and invasive cervical cancer and precancer/cancer treatment among Indigenous women. Methods Development and pilot testing of hypothetical cervical cancer health states, specifically through the lens of being an Indigenous Australian woman, was done with an Indigenous Reference Group in conjunction with five female Indigenous community members. Six health states were developed. These included: (1) Screened: cytology normal; (2) human papillomaviruses (HPV) positive with cytology normal; (3) low grade cytology (LSIL);(4) high grade cytology (HSIL); (5) early stage cervical cancer and; (6) later stage cervical cancer. Utility scores were calculated using a two-stage standard gamble approach among a large cohort of Indigenous Australian women taking part in a broader study involving oral HPV infection. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the rank, percentage of respondents with a utility = 1 (perfect health) and utility score of each health state was summarised. Mean (SD) and medians and inter-quartile range (IQR) over 12 months and lifetime duration were calculated. Potential differences by age and residential location were assessed using the Wilcox Sum Rank test. Results Data was obtained from 513 Indigenous women aged 19+ years. Mean utility scores were higher for the four non-cancer health states than for invasive cervical cancer states (p-values <0.05). Lower mean utility scores were observed for late stage cervical cancer, with 0.69 at 12 months and 0.70 for lifetime duration (Intra-class correlation coefficients = 0.425). Higher utility scores were observed for the four non-cancer health states among non-metropolitan participants (ranged from 0.93 to 0.98) compared with metropolitan participants (ranged from 0.86 to 0.93) (p-values<0.05). Conclusion Among a large cohort of Indigenous Australian women, the reduction in quality of life (which utilities reflect) was perceived to be greater with increasing severity of cervical cancer health states. There were differences observed by geographic location, with positive cervical screening and precursor cancer-related quality of life being much higher among non-metropolitan-dwelling participants. These utility values, from one of the largest such studies ever performed in any population will be uniquely able to inform modelled evaluations of the benefits and costs of cervical cancer prevention interventions in Indigenous women.
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Gaillard, Desireé, and Kate Hughes. "Key considerations for facilitating employment of female Sudanese refugees in Australia." Journal of Management & Organization 20, no. 5 (September 2014): 671–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2014.49.
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AbstractThis research is a pilot study on identifying the social initiatives that could potentially provide employment opportunities for female Sudanese refugees settled in western Sydney, Australia. An interpretative ethnographic approach was employed to analyse academic literature, government information and data gathered through in-depth interviews with a not-for-profit organisation working with this community. The outcome of this research emphasises three fundamental questions that relate to community value, customer need and opportunity risk that need to be considered with respect to the limitations that are framed by the social initiatives identified in relation to reducing unemployment for these women. This study revealed an interesting observation: programs that make use of existing skills create new opportunities in the employment market, whereas programmes that provide new skills or a combination of new and existing skills, were more inclined to link to existing opportunities in the employment market.
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Kelly, Veronica. "Beauty and the Market: Actress Postcards and their Senders in Early Twentieth-Century Australia." New Theatre Quarterly 20, no. 2 (April 21, 2004): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x04000016.
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A hundred years ago the international craze for picture postcards distributed millions of images of popular stage actresses around the world. The cards were bought, sent, and collected by many whose contact with live theatre was sometimes minimal. Veronica Kelly's study of some of these cards sent in Australia indicates the increasing reach of theatrical images and celebrity brought about by the distribution mechanisms of industrial mass modernity. The specific social purposes and contexts of the senders are revealed by cross-reading the images themselves with the private messages on the backs, suggesting that, once outside the industrial framing of theatre or the dramatic one of specific roles, the actress operated as a multiply signifying icon within mass culture – with the desires and consumer power of women major factors in the consumption of the glamour actress card. A study of the typical visual rhetoric of these postcards indicates the authorized modes of femininity being constructed by the major postcard publishers whose products were distributed to theatre fans and non-theatregoers alike through the post. Veronica Kelly is working on a project dealing with commercial managements and stars in early twentieth-century Australian theatre. She teaches in the School of English, Media Studies, and Art History at the University of Queensland, is co-editor of Australasian Drama Studies, and author of databases and articles dealing with colonial and contemporary Australian theatre history and dramatic criticism. Her books include The Theatre of Louis Nowra (1998) and the collection Our Australian Theatre in the 1990s (1998).
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Ding, Jacqueline, Henrietta Williams, Jane S. Hocking, and Jacqueline Coombe. "Requesting early removal of long-acting reversible contraception: a qualitative study exploring the experiences of doctors working in primary care." Australian Journal of Primary Health 27, no. 6 (2021): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py21054.
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Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) are the most effective contraceptive methods available in Australia and are effective for between 3 and 8 years. Early LARC removal (<12 months of use) can lead to gaps in contraceptive cover, exposing women to the risk of unplanned pregnancy. This study explored the experiences of doctors working in primary care (GPs and sexual health physicians) when asked to remove LARC earlier than expected. From May to July 2020, 13 doctors in Melbourne, Australia, were interviewed. Overall, participants felt conflicted about early LARC removal requests; participants highlighted the importance of respecting patient autonomy, but many felt that patients should ideally persist with LARC longer. Participants found balancing a desire to respect patients’ autonomy with their clinical responsibility challenging. Doctors used reassurance, delaying tactics and treatment of side effects to try and prolong LARC use. However, this balancing act led many doctors to perceive a tension between themselves and their patients when early LARC removal was requested. Incorporating professional education addressing these issues may help primary care providers better anticipate and navigate the tension surrounding early LARC removal consultations and maintain effective doctor–patient relationships.
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MURPHY, BARBARA, HILARY SCHOFIELD, JULIE NANKERVIS, SIDNEY BLOCH, HELEN HERRMAN, and BRUCE SINGH. "Women with Multiple Roles: The Emotional Impact of Caring for Ageing Parents." Ageing and Society 17, no. 3 (May 1997): 277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x97006429.
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As part of a wider study of family caregiving, a sample of 297 women caring for an ageing parent were identified through a random statewide telephone survey involving over 26,000 households in Victoria, Australia. In addition to elder care, half these women were in paid employment and a third had dependent children. Overload was highest for carers with multiple roles, particularly those of parent or worker. Resentment in the caring role was highest for those who had fewer roles apart from elder care, particularly those who had quit work, and those without a partner. Life satisfaction was higher for partnered and working carers. These findings highlight the need for structures to support carers to maintain multiple roles, including greater flexibility in the workplace and encouragement of greater reliance on informal networks and formal services, both of which require increased societal acknowledgment of the elder care role.