Journal articles: 'Working time control'

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Berg, Peter, Eileen Appelbaum, Tom Bailey, and Arne L. Kalleberg. "Contesting Time: International Comparisons of Employee Control of Working Time." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 57, no. 3 (April 2004): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4126655.

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Berg, Peter, Eileen Appelbaum, Tom Bailey, and Arne L. Kalleberg. "Contesting Time: International Comparisons of Employee Control of Working Time." ILR Review 57, no. 3 (April 2004): 331–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979390405700301.

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Nätti, Jouko, Tomi Oinas, and Timo Anttila. "Time pressure, working time control and long-term sickness absence." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 72, no. 4 (January 6, 2015): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2014-102435.

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Tessarini Junior, Geraldo, and Patricia Saltorato. "Reduced Working Time as Political, Management and Control Instrument." Organizações & Sociedade 29, no. 103 (December 2022): 724–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-92302022v29n0035en.

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Abstract Reduced working time is a topic widely discussed in organization studies, mainly its benefits. However, the literature does not deeply emphasize the power and control dynamics oftentimes observed in its implementation by organizations. The aim of the current article is to help fulfilling this gap by exploring different concepts about reduced working time in place in Brazilian federal educational institutions that have adopted the thirty-hour workweek as standard for their technical-administrative employees. A case study was carried out through observation, documental analysis and eighteen semi-structured interviews conducted with both workers subjected to shorter working hours and managers working under the conventional forty-hour week standard. Based on the results, despite its notable benefits for the work/life balance, the reduced working time has three interrelated purposes, namely: political, management, and control instrument. This research made it possible to reveal how management and control instruments can be incorporated to a policy focused on reduced working time, to highlight the complexity and controversy of power relation, as well as contributed to organization studies, based on rationalization about life and its temporal dimensions.

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Żołyński, Janusz. "PRAXEOLOGICAL DIMENSION OF WORKING TIME." Roczniki Administracji i Prawa specjalny, no. XXI (December 30, 2021): 159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6089.

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Praxeological dimension of working time is undoubtedly influenced by current sociopolitical system invoking the axiology being commonly recognized values. This means that in enacting public and legal regulations the state may not isolate the employees facing exceptional hardship or even unforeseeable situations assuming the form of peculiar force majeure. Thus, both employees’ wellbeing and the welfare in general are vital. For that reason the labour law should praxeologically be a way to control real situations and the needs of working people and the society. The labour law should also praxeologically create a system of institutions reconciling social emotions in order to protect social peace which constitutes common welfare.

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Rubery, Jill. "Working time in the UK." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 4, no. 4 (November 1998): 657–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425899800400407.

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In Great Britain collective agreements have never had a great deal of significance in relation to actual working time, but in the 1980s and 1990s their significance declined even further. Meanwhile, however, real and fundamental changes have been taking place at the level where working time is actually regulated in practice, where trade unions exert direct control over working time in companies and in the workplace. The current mixture of traditional and innovative working time arrangements is giving rise to a wide range of working time patterns with a high incidence of unsocial working hours. This leads to a polarisation between the working times of men and of women, a phenomenon which is coming up against growing criticism in British society.

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Jenkins, Jean, and Paul Blyton. "In debt to the time-bank: the manipulation of working time in Indian garment factories and ‘working dead horse’." Work, Employment and Society 31, no. 1 (September 28, 2016): 90–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017016664679.

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In this article we focus on the creation of debt relations between workers and their workplace as a tool of managerial control in the garment factories of Bangalore, India. The currency of indebtedness in this case is working time and our focus is the manipulation of hours of work at the base of the international, buyer-driven, garment supply chain. In illuminating debt relations and worker dependency as an element of managers’ repertoire of control, we compare a system known as ‘comp-off’ in contemporary Indian factories with the historical precedent of a system known as ‘working dead horse’ in Britain. Our comparison illuminates how value is extracted from workers and how old control systems are updated within the labour process, in a feminized sector where workers’ associational power is weak and social downgrading is one means by which employers can offload risk, maximize flexibility and secure their position at the local level.

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Kolenko, V. V., M. S. Safonov, and O. Ye Iakovenko Iakovenko. "MODELLING OF AUTOMATED WORKING TIME CONTROL SYSTEMS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS." Scientific Notes of Junior Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, no. 1(17) (2020): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51707/2618-0529-2020-17-02.

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The article includes modeling of the automated system of personnel time recording with further development and implementation of it in the educational institution. Practice shows that when using automated time recording, more effective personnel management occurs, employee discipline is increased, and the wage fund is saved on 5–15%. Personalized personnel identification methods have been identified; the selection of technical equipment and software for data collection is justified; A work time model has been developed; Software for employee identification, recording and recording of working hours has been developed and introduced. To do this, special access control equipment was installed on the passageway. Employees have special cards that allow them to easily overcome these devices. If there are several checkpoints in the territory, it is advisable to use a computer network to transfer data to the server, where all data about employees are stored. Based on such data, accurate reports of misconduct can be generated, as well as a time sheet. User identification is an integral and important element for any information system. The identification system is one of the key elements of the infrastructure for protection against unauthorized access. The task of identification and authorization systems is to determine and verify the set of authority of the subject when accessing the information system. A barcode can also act as a unique person identifier. Each employee is ssued a card with a unique bar code, this code is fixed to the person in the database. A barcode scanner is installed on each pass point. This model with a developed algorithm for identifying a person and fixing the passage of control was ntroduced at the Kherson Polytechnic Vocational College of Odessa Polytechnic State University.

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Steen-Olsen, Tove, and Astrid Grude Eikseth. "The Power of Time: Teachers' Working Day — Negotiating Autonomy and Control." European Educational Research Journal 9, no. 2 (January 2010): 284–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/eerj.2010.9.2.284.

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Barrouillet, Pierre, and Valérie Camos. "Working Memory and Executive Control: A Time-based Resource-sharing Account." Psychologica Belgica 50, no. 3-4 (October 1, 2010): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/pb-50-3-4-353.

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Dvoretskii, S. A., L. M. Zaitsev, D. G. Kvirikadze, V. M. Klyuchnikov, L. A. Pospelova, M. V. Senashenko, and E. B. Shelemin. "Working control system for space-time characteristics of industrial IR lasers." Journal of Soviet Laser Research 7, no. 1 (1986): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01120227.

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Fitriyani, Suci. "Control of Costs and Working Time of Road Improvement Kh. Syafi'i." Neutron 22, no. 01 (July 31, 2022): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/neutron.v22i01.176.

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This study aims to analyze the optimum time and cost of completing the work after the acceleration of the duration of the KH Road Improvement Project. Syafi'i in Suci Village, Manyar District, Gresik Regency using the Microsfot Project. Acceleration analysis by adding working hours and considering the resulting critical path. This research is also to find out the project performance compared to the initial project plan in terms of cost and time, to find out the estimated final cost of the project needed after the acceleration of implementation.

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Baumann, Julia, Anastasia Danilov, and Olga Stavrova. "Self-control and performance while working from home." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (April 13, 2023): e0282862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282862.

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This study explores the role of trait self-control in individuals’ changes in performance and well-being when working from home (WFH). In a three-wave longitudinal study with UK workers in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, we find that low self-control workers experienced a significant positive adjustment to WFH over time: The number of reported work distractions decreased, and self-assessed performance increased over the period of four months. In contrast, high self-control individuals did not show a similar upward trajectory. Despite the positive adjustment of low self-control individuals over time, on average, self-control was still positively associated with performance and negatively associated with work distractions. However, trait self-control was not consistently associated with changes in well-being. These findings provide a more nuanced view on trait self-control, suggesting that low self-control individuals can improve initial performance over time when working from home.

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Orzechowski, Miron, Małgorzata Mrozik, and Krzysztof Danilecki. "Selected aspects of analysis of driver’s working time." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 9 (September 30, 2018): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.316.

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The introduction of the provisions of Regulation EC No 561/2006 and AETR agreement in Europe has consolidated the ruler on driving times. As a result, drivers working in international transport must apply to the same or very similar legislation. Drivers need to remember all the rules on drivers’ hours. Equipment used for recording driver activities, called tachographs allow control authorities to verify compliance.

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Tessarini Junior, Geraldo, and Patricia Saltorato. "Redução da Jornada de Trabalho como Instrumento Político, de Gestão e de Controle." Organizações & Sociedade 29, no. 103 (December 2022): 724–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-92302022v29n0035pt.

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Resumo A redução da jornada de trabalho é um tema amplamente abordado em estudos organizacionais, em especial quanto aos seus benefícios. Contudo, a literatura dá menor ênfase às dinâmicas de poder e controle que podem estar presentes em sua implementação pelas organizações. Este artigo procura avançar sobre essa lacuna ao explorar as diferentes concepções que a jornada reduzida assumiu no contexto de uma instituição federal de ensino brasileira que adotou jornada de trinta horas semanais para seus servidores técnico-administrativos. Para isso, foi efetivado um estudo de caso por meio de observação, análise documental e dezoito entrevistas semiestruturadas, que incluíram tanto trabalhadores que cumpriam jornada reduzida quanto gestores que atuavam em jornada convencional de quarenta horas semanais. Os resultados indicaram que, apesar dos seus benefícios – notadamente no equilíbrio entre a vida laboral e pessoal –, a jornada reduzida apresenta três finalidades inter-relacionadas: a de um instrumento político, de gestão, e de controle sobre os trabalhadores. Partindo de reflexões sobre a racionalização da vida e de sua dimensão temporal, a pesquisa possibilitou, como contribuição aos estudos organizacionais, desvelar como instrumentos de gestão e controle podem ser incorporados em uma política de redução de jornada de trabalho, evidenciando a complexidade e a controvérsia presentes nas relações de poder.

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Liu, Cun Gen, Shou Yin Lu, Yuan Liu, and Ying Zhang. "Design of a Locomotion Control System for Live Working Robot." Applied Mechanics and Materials 741 (March 2015): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.741.675.

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Live working robot is developed for live working, and it can instead of operators completing the corresponding action and tasks real-time and accurately. For Kraft hydraulic live working robot, this paper designed a motion control system based on TRIO464. This control system can realize the movement of each joint and has advantages of high positioning precision, fast response time, safe and reliable performance, multiple safety protection measures.

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Doellgast, Virginia, and Peter Berg. "Negotiating Flexibility: External Contracting and Working Time Control in German and Danish Telecommunications Firms." ILR Review 71, no. 1 (April 5, 2017): 117–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793917703659.

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This study examines how different participation rights and structures affect employee control over working time. The analysis is based on a comparison of matched call center and technician workplaces in two major telecommunications firms in Germany and Denmark. It draws on data from semi-structured interviews with managers, supervisors, and employee representatives between 2010 and 2016. Unions and works councils in both firms agreed to a series of concessions on working time policies in the early 2010s in exchange for agreements to halt or reverse outsourcing. The authors use Lukes’ concepts of decision-making and agenda-setting power to explain these common trends, as well as later divergence in outcomes. Germany’s stronger formal co-determination rights over working time proved a critical power resource for employee representatives as they sought to re-establish employee control in new, more flexible working time models.

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Sunny, Oktavia, Anastasia Lidya Maukar, and Ineu Widaningsih Sosodoro. "Perancangan Kapasitas Produksi Produk Electronic Control Unit (Ecu)." JIE Scientific Journal on Research and Application of Industrial System 4, no. 1 (August 6, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33021/jie.v4i1.748.

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The export demand for Electoric Control Unit (ECU) products, which continued to increase by approximately 25% in December 2014, made the company have to review its production capacity. Based on current production capacity data, it is known that the process cycle time is 64.9 seconds while the takt time needed to meet consumer demand is 39.4 seconds for the first production line. With working time included in working hours overtime, this first-line capacity cannot meet production demands. Work measurement is done to get actual time data for capacity calculation. Man machine chart is one of the tools used to determine the production line capacity with the current number of machines and workers. To be able to fulfill the production demand, a capacity design with 2 proposed improvements is carried out, namely: adding a working time of one shift for the first production line or balancing work time between lines. By calculating the results obtained and the costs incurred, the proposal for balancing work time between lines becomes more effective to do.

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Amin, Khairun Emylyana, and Fitri Suraya Mohamad. "Working Memory Load Influence on Control of Attention among Malaysian Undergraduates." Journal of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development 7, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcshd.2454.2021.

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The study investigates how working memory affects students' control of attention. A quasi-experimental research is conducted individually on 52 undergraduates of a public university in Malaysia, enrolled in various full-time undergraduate programmes, using Sternberg memory task and Task-switching tests. The reaction time is taken in milliseconds (ms) to differentiate the results for both tasks. The analysis revealed that when memory load was increased, reaction time also escalated. In the task-switching test, when one task was given at any one time, the reaction time was swift; however, when two or more tasks were integrated into one task, the reaction time would subsequently decelerated. Although the study also revealed that there is no significant difference between genders in terms of handling memory load and task-switching. However, a significant relationship was observed in performances between memory load and task-switching. It is also evidenced in the study that when memory load increases, it compounds the reaction time for task-switching. Results from the study inform course instructors to be aware of cognitive load when chunking information and assigning tasks to students, as their decisions on content quantity bore an effect on what would be remembered when students learn.

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Thulin, Eva, Bertil Vilhelmson, and Martina Johansson. "New Telework, Time Pressure, and Time Use Control in Everyday Life." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (May 30, 2019): 3067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113067.

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This study explores how changing conditions for home-based telework affect the quality of life and social sustainability of workers in terms of time pressure and time use control in everyday life. Changing conditions concern the spread of telework to new types of jobs of a more routine character, involving new practices of unregulated work and anytime smartphone access. Empirically, we draw on survey data from a sample of 456 home-based teleworkers employed by six governmental agencies in Sweden. Results indicate that subjective time pressure is not associated with job type in terms of distinguishing between bounded case work and more independent analytical work. Time pressure is intensified by family-related factors, telework performed outside of working hours, and part-time work, and is moderated by the private use of smartphones. We find no significant associations between subjective time use control, job qualifications, and teleworking practice. Family situation and having small children at home reduce time use control. Also, high levels of smartphone use for work-related purposes are associated with reduced control.

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Raheeq, Wajiha, and Muhammad Arshad. "Media exposure among the children of working and non-working mothers in Pakistani urban society." Pakistan Journal of Applied Social Sciences 11, no. 2 (September 8, 2020): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjass.v11i2.497.

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In this study (n=250) working and non- working mothers were surveyed about the amount of time their kids watch television. These mothers were randomly selected from different schools of Karachi Gulshan-e-Iqbal town. It was investigated that whether working and non-working mother spent quality time with their children and what are their preferences once they get back from their work place. It is observed that technology have made easier for any child to get engaged and stuck for hours in front of TV screen. These audiences vary from all ages but children are more exposed to it due to eye catching sharp images of screen. This study will determine the role of working and stay at home mothers about their control over their kids watching television and their preferable modes of controlling screen time. This study examines maternal control over television viewing and preferable channels watched by child. The strict maternal behavior is associated with fewer amounts of television viewing and preferring co-viewing. Those mother who have strict control over televiewing timings have less psychological problems in their kids and have fewer social issues. Therefore, every mother is quiet concerned about her child but her nature of work and job changes her pattern of controlling her kids.

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Harsløf, Ivan. "Changing Youth Labour Markets, Welfare Institutions and Young People's Control over Working Time." Time & Society 16, no. 2-3 (September 2007): 207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961463x07080268.

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Lehndorff, Steffen. "Flexibility and Control: New Challenges for Working-Time Policy in the European Union." Labour & Industry: a journal of the social and economic relations of work 17, no. 3 (April 2007): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10301763.2007.10669349.

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Inoue, Kenji, Akihiro Ishii, and Yoshikuni Okawa. "Real-Time Control of Anthropomorphic Robot Which Moves While Working by Arms. Motion Control in Sagittal Plane." Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 18, no. 1 (2000): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.18.75.

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Dong, Yanping, and Ping Li. "Attentional control in interpreting: A model of language control and processing control." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 23, no. 4 (December 12, 2019): 716–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728919000786.

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AbstractInterpreting is a complex bilingual task, placing high demands on both language control (i.e., source language not interfering in target language production) and processing control (i.e., multi-tasking carried out in concert under time pressure). On the basis of empirical evidence in the literature, we propose an attentional control model to account for both language control and processing control. Specifically, language control in interpreting is achieved by a structural framework of language-modality connections (established in interpreting training and stored as task schema), and by focused attention that helps build, strengthen and adapt the framework through monitoring, target enhancement, task disengagement, shifting, and working memory. In contrast, processing control in interpreting is achieved by divided attention via coordination and working memory, and by language processing efficiency that includes mastery of both languages and the appropriate use of interpreting strategies. Implications of this model for general bilingual language control are discussed.

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Backhaus, Nils. "Working Time Control and Variability in Europe Revisited: Correlations with Health, Sleep, and Well-Being." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 14778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214778.

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Working time control (WTC) and working time variability (WTV) are two important dimensions of working times, especially with regard to the dynamics of irregular working hours in a changing world of work. Both dimensions are closely related, and the terms are sometimes used synonymously. However, a high degree of WTC does not automatically lead to variable or irregular working hours. On the contrary, WTV is often imposed by the employer and does not necessarily occur in conjunction with high WTC. This article gives an overview of different European WTC and WTV regimes using a typological approach. Based on the European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (EWCS, n = 27,607), four employee groups are compared: those with (1) high WTC and high WTV, (2) high WTC and low WTV, (3) low WTC and high WTV, and (4) low WTC and low WTV. Firstly, the analyses aim to assess whether WTC and WTV vary across European countries due to different working time regimes and in different occupational sectors, i.e., hospitality, retail, and health and social work. Secondly, multi-level analyses are used to describe correlations with health (self-rated health, psychosomatic complaints), sleep (sleep problems), and well-being (WHO-5-Scale). The analyses suggest that WTC and WTV differ between European countries: in the northern countries, high WTC/high WTV is most prevalent, whereas low WTV/low WTC is more common in the other countries. As far as employee health and sleep are concerned, high WTV is associated with poor health, i.e., a greater number of psychosomatic health complaints, worse self-rated health status, and more sleep problems. However, the correlation appears to be weaker for psychosomatic health complaints when employees have high WTC. Significant correlations could not be found for WTC. Low WTC and high WTV is more common in occupational sectors in hospitality, retail, and health and social care; however, these occupational sectors show the same correlations regarding health, sleep, and well-being. The analyses indicate that it is crucial to consider WTV and WTC together in order to understand the dynamics of irregular working hours and health.

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Emel'yanovich, Anzhelika, Sergey Koval, and Anna Galimova. "Working Time Management as a Way to Increase Labor Productivity." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2021, no. 2 (August 13, 2021): 208–2218. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2021-6-2-208-218.

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The study is devoted to the study of the rational use of working time in the context of the implementation of the main functions of management: planning, organization, motivation, control, coordination. The goal is a methodology for assessing the optimal use of the organization's working time based on the criteria for analyzing the effectiveness of the implementation of the main functions of management. Research methods: semantic analysis of the conceptual apparatus, methods of mathematical modeling to describe various factors that characterize the main functions of management in the context of working time management. Experimental methods: the method of expert assessments, questionnaires, photography of the working day. Domestic and foreign approaches to the concept of working time management are considered, the author's approach is given. Based on the process-functional approach, a methodology and algorithm for assessing the effectiveness of the working time management process. This model has been tested on the example of a self-regulatory organization operating in construction. A task was set, which was implemented within the framework of the project to optimize the use of working time of employees of the inspection and control department. Were analyzed the regulations of various levels of decision-making governing the work of employees. A questionnaire survey of opportunities and middle managers was instructed to form a number of criteria necessary for the application of the developed methodology. The results of the study allowed us to conclude about the average efficiency of the working time management process. Based on the results of the implementation of the recommendations, in particular, the application of lean manufacturing methods and the adjustment of local regulatory documents, it was possible to increase the effectiveness of managing the working time of the organization's employees.

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Ren, Bin, Haocheng Luo, and Chunhong He. "A Review of Urban Real-time Traffic Signal Control." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 6, no. 1 (July 19, 2023): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.6.1.498.2023.

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Urban traffic congestion was a challenging problem. In recent years, researchers in the fields of transportation and computer science devoted considerable attention to studying real-time traffic signal control (RTSC) to alleviate urban traffic congestion. This paper reviewed various methods for RTSC, categorizing them based on the algorithms. Additionally, simulators were summarized to validate algorithm performances, and the analysis further explored the interrelationships between different traffic entities, optimization objectives, and network types. Finally, potential avenues for future research in traffic signal control (TSC) were discussed, with the aim of providing valuable references to researchers working on intelligent transportation systems (ITS) for practical implementations.

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Reinecke, Leonard, and Sabine Trepte. "In a Working Mood?" Journal of Media Psychology 20, no. 1 (January 2008): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105.20.1.3.

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Abstract. This quasi-experimental study examined the effects of exposure to a computer game on arousal and subsequent task performance. After inducing a state of low arousal, participants were assigned to experimental or control conditions via self-selection. Members of the experimental group played a computer game for five minutes; subjects in the control group spent the same amount of time awaiting further instructions. Participants who were exposed to the computer game showed significantly higher levels of arousal and performed significantly better on a subsequent cognitive task. The pattern of results was not influenced by the participants' prior experience with the game. The findings indicate that mood-management processes associated with personal media use at the workplace go beyond the alteration of arousal and affect subsequent cognitive performance.

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Суханова, Наталия, and Nataliya Sukhanova. "METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND INVESTIGATION FOR CONTROL OF AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEM WORKING CAPACITY BASED ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2018, no. 7 (October 4, 2018): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/article_5ba8a190c4b385.22437052.

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The purpose of the work consists in the im-provement of known control methods of automated control system working capacity. A possibility for con-trol of automated control system working capacity based on artificial neural networks (ANN) is shown. ANN must be taught. ANN training requires a large training sample, substantial costs, computer resources, time and has high labor intensity. Methods of investigation are modeling, methods of artificial intelligence, artificial neural networks. As a result of the investigation there is devel-oped and investigated a method of automated control system (ACS) working capacity control with the use of a neural network.

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Ohashi, Masayoshi, Yasuo Iida, and Stuart Hampshire. "Nucleation control for hot-working of silicon oxynitride based ceramics." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 1 (January 1999): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0025.

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An attempt was made to develop an engineering ceramic plastically deformable at high temperatures with low flow stress at high strain rates, and without strain hardening. Dense ceramic preforms were fabricated by pressureless sintering Si3N4 + SiO2 mixed powders with an addition of MgAl2O4 at 1500 °C. A transient liquid, which occurs during the reaction sintering of Si2N2O, was utilized for subsequent net-shape forming. The ceramic (6Φ × 6 mm column) was deformed without any cracks and cavities in compression tests at high strain rates (10−2−10−3:s−1) at 1500 °C, but this was not achieved in a test at lower strain rates for a long time, because of the growth of elongated Si2N2O grains during the test. Potassium fluoride (KF) was used as a dopant for retardation of nucleation of Si2N2O during sintering and hot-working. The KF-doped preforms were successfully plastically deformed even in the test for a long time.

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Schütze, Manfred, Maja Lange, Michael Pabst, and Ulrich Haas. "Astlingen – a benchmark for real time control (RTC)." Water Science and Technology 2017, no. 2 (April 16, 2018): 552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.172.

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Abstract This contribution serves two purposes. (1) It presents an updated version of the Astlingen example developed by the working group ‘Integral Real Time Control’ of the German Water Association (DWA), which serves as a benchmark example for the setup and evaluation of real time control strategies. As this benchmark is also intended for educational use, it demonstrates a simple RTC algorithm, illustrating the main concepts of RTC of drainage system. (2) The paper also encourages the preliminary analysis of the potential feasibility and benefit of a temporal increase of inflow to the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) before analysing the WWTP behaviour in detail. For the present example, RTC within the sewer system alone led to almost the same reduction of overflow volume as permitting the inflow to the WWTP to be increased for 6 h within any 24 h, if at all permitted.

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Becske, M., C. Marosi, H. Molnár, Z. Fodor, L. Tombor, and G. Csukly. "Working Memory Deficit and Attentional Distractibility in Schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.538.

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Introduction Meta-analyses suggest that patients with schizophrenia show deficit in working memory – both verbal and visual – and are more distractible. Working memory disturbances are even regarded as the central deficit in schizophrenia by some researchers. Theta synchronization (especially over fronto-central areas) is related to cognitive control and executive functioning during working memory encoding and retention. Objectives The main goal of the study was to gain more understanding of the nature of working memory deficit and attentional distractibility in schizophrenia. Methods 35 patients with schizophrenia and 39 matched controls were enrolled in our study. Participants performed a modified Sternberg working memory task that contained salient and non-salient distractor items in the retention period. A high-density 128 channel EEG was recorded during the task. Event-related theta (4-7 Hz) synchronization was analyzed during working memory encoding (learning) and retention (distractor filtering) in a later time window (350-550 ms). Results Patients with schizophrenia showed weaker working memory performance and increased attentional distractibility compared to the control group: patients had significantly lower hit rates (p < 0.0001) and higher distractor-related commission error rates (p < 0.0001). Theta synchronization was modulated by condition (learning < distractor) in both groups but it was modulated by salience only in controls (salient distractor > non-salient distractor, p[patients] = 0.95, p[controls] < 0.001). Conclusions Our results suggest that patients with schizophrenia show diminished cognitive control compared to controls in response to salient distractors. Difficulties in cognitive control allocation may contribute to the behavioral results observed in this study. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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Gutman, P. O., and I. Ioslovich. "Optimal working time distribution and routing for autonomous tractors based on heuristic algorithms." Automation and Remote Control 74, no. 9 (September 2013): 1486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0005117913090051.

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TUREAC, Betina-Adriana. "DESIGN AND CODE OPTIMIZATION WHEN WORKING WITH TIME-CRITICAL DATA." Review of the Air Force Academy XX, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/1842-9238.2022.20.1.4.

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FPGA modeling techniques for DUT's are currently the state-of-the-art in the testing and verification industry for ASIC designs and with a growing interest in smart house solutions, a quick time to market is a benefit for any company. The system presented in this paper consists of an FPGA-based multifunctional digital clock with a temperature sensor connected to a Microblaze CPU and a control and monitoring unit consisting of a software running on a Raspberry PI 3B with an enhanced version of Linux with PreemptRT patch. The paper presents the design and testing of the system and also an analysis of the optimizations considered for the proposed system.

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Boulin, Jean-Yves. "Working time in the new social and economic context." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 7, no. 2 (May 2001): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890100700205.

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This article sets out to show that in the current context of the new economy working time can no longer be viewed in isolation from other forms of social time; even less can it be seen in a relationship of pure determinism to the latter. After a retrospective analysis of the social construction of the interrelationship between work and non-work, the article shows that flexibility linked to the introduction of new forms of work and working time organisation, as well as changes in the content and the nature of work, lead to a corresponding demand by employees for control over their working time structures and to the search for a balance among the various forms of social time. This approach gives rise to an analysis of the provisions which in different European countries are designed to give workers the power to alter their working time and its organisation. It is shown, finally, that it cannot be simply a question of regulating working time but that there is a need also to develop policies of a more comprehensive nature based on the interplay between different social times and the relationship between time and space.

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Blyton, Paul. "Working Time, Work-Life Balance, and the Persistence of Inequality." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 27, Issue 2 (June 1, 2011): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2011010.

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Work-life balance provisions are recognized as playing an important role in increasing labour market participation rates in Europe. At the same time, changes in the collective regulation of working time over the past generation have substantially increased management's scope to shape working time patterns. One effect has been the increased use of individualized and variable work hours' arrangements. As a consequence, while many at higher levels within work organizations enjoy significant discretion over their work time and the positive benefit to work-life balance that this brings, many at lower levels have little control over a frequently variable and often unpredictable working pattern. Mitigating this differentiated experience of working time will be an important objective if work-life balance provisions are to play a major role in facilitating increased labour market participation rates in coming years.

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Kim, Min-Seong, Sang-Young Jo, Young-Mok Koo, Yang-Gun Jeong, and Sung-Hyun Han. "A Study on Intelligent Control of Real-Time Working Motion Generation of Bipped Robot." Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21289/ksic.2016.19.1.001.

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Powell, Abigail, and Natasha Cortis. "Working Time in Public, Private, and Nonprofit Organizations: What Influences Prospects for Employee Control?" Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance 41, no. 2 (September 16, 2016): 162–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23303131.2016.1236764.

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Nätti, Jouko, Tomi Oinas, Mikko Härmä, Timo Anttila, and Irja Kandolin. "Combined Effects of Shiftwork and Individual Working Time Control on Long-Term Sickness Absence." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 56, no. 7 (July 2014): 732–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000000176.

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Landström, Ulf, Anders Kjellberg, and Lena Soderberg. "Noise Annoyance at Different Times of the Working Day." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 17, no. 1 (March 1998): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026309239801700104.

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Recordings of noise exposure and annoyance were collected for a group of 148 individuals. The recordings represented three different types of working environments; control rooms (n=57), offices in industry (n=34) and offices in public administration (n=37). In the control rooms the noise was dominated by lower frequencies of a monotonous character, whereas the noise in the offices was more varying. Noise recordings and ratings of annoyance were made at the beginning, the middle and the end of five successive days. The noise exposure levels varied between 39 and 64 dB(A). The results of the study are discussed with respect to differences in the exposure time related changes of annoyance in low frequency and high frequency environments. The results indicate that the annoyance level is stable during a working day and thus, that it is not affected by exposure time. However, annoyance increased somewhat from the first to the fifth working day among the control room group workers, whereas a trend in the opposite direction was seen in the office group.

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Boag, Russell J., Niek Stevenson, Roel van Dooren, Anne C. Trutti, Zsuzsika Sjoerds, and Birte U. Forstmann. "Cognitive Control of Working Memory: A Model-Based Approach." Brain Sciences 11, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11060721.

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Working memory (WM)-based decision making depends on a number of cognitive control processes that control the flow of information into and out of WM and ensure that only relevant information is held active in WM’s limited-capacity store. Although necessary for successful decision making, recent work has shown that these control processes impose performance costs on both the speed and accuracy of WM-based decisions. Using the reference-back task as a benchmark measure of WM control, we conducted evidence accumulation modeling to test several competing explanations for six benchmark empirical performance costs. Costs were driven by a combination of processes running outside of the decision stage (longer non-decision time) and inhibition of the prepotent response (lower drift rates) in trials requiring WM control. Individuals also set more cautious response thresholds when expecting to update WM with new information versus maintain existing information. We discuss the promise of this approach for understanding cognitive control in WM-based decision making.

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Feredoes, Eva, and Bradley R. Postle. "Prefrontal Control of Familiarity and Recollection in Working Memory." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22, no. 2 (February 2010): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21252.

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Left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) is a critical neural substrate for the resolution of proactive interference (PI) in working memory. We hypothesized that left IFG achieves this by controlling the influence of familiarity- versus recollection-based information about memory probes. Consistent with this idea, we observed evidence for an early (200 msec)-peaking signal corresponding to memory probe familiarity and a late (500 msec)-resolving signal corresponding to full accrual of trial-related contextual (“recollection-based”) information. Next, we applied brief trains of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) time locked to these mnemonic signals, to left IFG and to a control region. Only early rTMS of left IFG produced a modulation of the false alarm rate for high-PI probes. Additionally, the magnitude of this effect was predicted by individual differences in susceptibility to PI. These results suggest that left IFG-based control may bias the influence of familiarity- and recollection-based signals on recognition decisions.

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Zhang, Xu Dong. "Anti-Lock Braking System is Working Principle and Troubleshooting." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 708–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.708.

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This paper introduces the working principle of anti-lock braking control system and detailed classification method, points out that the car special anti-lock control system, and mainly illustrates the anti-lock control system structure and function, at the same time provides several common fault repair methods for reference.

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Shevchenko, Elena, Angelika Efremova, Nataliya Oshovskaya, Aleksey Voloshin, and Anna Finogentova. "Improving Methods of Accounting for Working Time in the Context of Digitalization." SHS Web of Conferences 93 (2021): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219303011.

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The article is devoted to the study of the impact of digitalization on the accounting of working time. The paper considers the traditional methods of accounting for working time, and modern methods, the use of which is associated with the development of digitalization: methods based on the use of software and hardware control and automated systems for recording working time. The advantages and disadvantages of modern methods of accounting of working time are revealed, their functionality is described. It has been established that the organization of the system for monitoring and recording working time based on the use of modern methods allows automating the elements of the analysis of the activities of each employee and the enterprise.

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Hsu, Ya-Yuan, Chyi-Huey Bai, Chien-Ming Yang, Ya-Chuan Huang, Tzu-Ting Lin, and Chih-Hung Lin. "Long Hours’ Effects on Work-Life Balance and Satisfaction." BioMed Research International 2019 (June 23, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5046934.

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Purpose. In this study, we examined whether the associations between working hours, job satisfaction, and work-life balance are mediated by occupational stress. In addition, we tested whether perceived time control helps moderate the effects of working hours and occupational stress. Methodology. Questionnaires were administered to 369 respondents working in the high-tech and banking industries. Analyses were then conducted on the data. Findings. The analysis revealed significant correlations between long working hours and both occupational stress and work-life balance, as well as between occupational stress and both work-life balance and job satisfaction. In addition, the relationship between working hours and occupational stress exhibited a significantly positive interaction with perceived time control. Value. The results indicate the importance of giving workers greater control over working hours. We therefore recommend that labor laws should be revised as necessary to prevent excessive working hours and enhance work-time flexibility.

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Yerbolatov, Ye. "Working hour’s standards: the Eurasian economic union states legislation review." Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 31, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2019.1.47.

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The study of working hours standards and its description in a comparative legal aspect have not been carried out in modern conditions by experts in the field of labor law although many researchers paid attention to the problem of legal regulation for working time. Working time is a multi-rated category. Currently, the issue to control working time legally is acquiring a new aspect. In terms of the global financial crisis, employers increasingly resort to use various types of working hours. Effective use of working time, introduction rational work and rest, special working hours (total control of working time, part-time work, subdivided working time and etc.) contributes to the improvement of social and labor relations, and thus achieving positive economic and social effect. This article expresses the author’s vision of many problems arising in particular when using unregulated working hours, rotational method and etc. Besides that based on a comparative study of the national resources a theoretical and practical conclusion is defined that it is more preferable to use softer forms of legal integration like harmonization at the stage of the Eurasian economic integration which involves labor market arrangement.

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Khryashchov, Yu E., and O. N. Sokolov. "Features of the Piston Engine Working Process when Working on Kerosene." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 12 (717) (December 2019): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2019-12-14-20.

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For aircraft in light multi-purpose aviation, piston engines are considered more efficient than gas turbine. The main technical requirement for such engines is to ensure trouble-free operation with the best possible fuel efficiency. At the same time, there are no requirements to emission of harmful substances in exhaust fumes except for the absence of visible smoke. When developing multi-purpose aircraft piston engines, it is important to ensure their multi-fuel operation, including opera-tion on TS-1 kerosene and diesel fuel. But the issues associated with setting engine control algo-rithms for operation on TS-1 kerosene are practically unexplored. In order to refine the control algo-rithms, the flow of the working process using such fuel was studied in this work. The effect of se-quencing the working process stages on the formation of the ignition delay period was shown. Based on the analysis of the factors affecting the ignition delay period, a map of the fuel injection advance angle values was generated. According to the experimental data, the activation energy of pre-flame reactions was adopted, which for kerosene TS-1 was 23–28 kJ/mol.

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Landström, Ulf, Kjell Holmberg, Anders Kjellberg, Lena Söderberg, and Maria Tesarz. "Exposure Time and its Influence on Noise Annoyance at Work." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 14, no. 4 (December 1995): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026309239501400402.

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In a group of 123 persons recordings of noise exposures and annoyance were carried out twice during a working day. The recordings represented four different types of working environments; control rooms (n = 56), laboratories (n = 6), offices in industries (n = 30) and offices in administrations (n = 31). The noise exposure levels varied between 40 and 70 dB(A). The mean different time of noise exposure was 3 hours with a shortest time of one hour and a longest time of five and a half hours. The results were not unequivocal but indicated a lowered annoyance at the second occasion for all groups but the control room group, representing the most pronounced low frequency environment.

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McKie, Linda, Gill Hogg, Laura Airey, Kathryn Backett-Milburn, and Zoe Rew. "Autonomy, control and job advancement." Work, Employment and Society 23, no. 4 (December 2009): 787–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017009344918.

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Food retail is a major employer and growth sector. It is one in which gender segregation is evident with many shops reliant on part-time low paid women employees. Most of these employees are trying to combine care responsibilities and paid work. This research note explores findings from 55 interviews with women working in nine food retail businesses in Scotland. Analysis illustrates the ways shop assistants maximize their control over time to ensure that unpaid family and care work can be prioritized. By contrast supervisors find promotion brings constraints on time and autonomy.

Journal articles on the topic 'Working time control'

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