Dissertations / Theses: 'Working environments'

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Al-Sulaimani, Naji. "Comparison of two collaborative working environments /." Leeds : University of Leeds, School of Computer Studies, 2003. http://www.leeds.ac.uk/cgi-bin/library/compst.pl?CAT=BSC&FILE=200304/al-sulaimani.pdf.

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Saratun, Molraudee. "Performance management in location independent working environments." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445107.

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Fraser, Mike C. "Working with objects in collaborative virtual environments." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364659.

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Painter-Morland, Martha Jacoba. "Dealing with moral values in pluralistic working environments." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03232006-145332/.

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Forrest, James Lloyd. "Reducing Fast Food Employee Turnover with Appealing Working Environments." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4217.

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While all business leaders face problems with voluntary employee turnover, fast food business leaders often face turnover rates at twice the national average. Using Weiss and Cropanzano's affective events theory, this exploratory multiple case study detailed the investigation into strategies that fast food business leaders use to establish an appealing working environment that reduces employee turnover. A purposeful sampling process identified 9 fast food business leaders from 3 different fast food organizations within the Omaha, Nebraska metro area who had successfully established a positive working environment that reduced employee turnover. Data collection included semistructured interviews and review of company documents. Using Yin's 5 step analytic approach, 3 themes (fairness, communication, and trust) emerged relative to fast food business leaders' strategies to establish an appealing working environment that reduces employee turnover. Fairness included fair interpersonal treatment, regulation, and wage setting. Communication included training, employee engagement, and corrective actions. Fast food business leaders used trust as a feedback mechanism for their fairness and communications strategies. Business leaders using strategies of fairness, communication, and trust to establish appealing working environments that reduce employee turnover could increase profitability and productivity within the fast food industry. The implication for positive social change is that more consistent employment and less work-related stress increases the potential for employees and their families to become more involved within their communities.

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Warren, David Stephen, and n/a. "The composition and interactions of catalytic surfaces in working environments." University of Otago. Department of Chemistry, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070312.133709.

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In order to clarify the role that water plays in the photocatalytic process, changes in the IR and Raman spectra of P25 TiO₂ thin films were observed upon exposure to liquid water. Further investigation of these spectral changes via dehydration of thin films under nitrogen and oxygen of different humidities led to the observation of spectroscopic features that have been assigned to localised surface phonon modes. When the effect of UV irradiation on these features was investigated, a broad IR absorption due to transitions of electrons in shallow traps was detected under dry nitrogen but not under dry oxygen. Further investigation of the photocatalytic properties of P25 TiO₂ showed a complete removal of a stearic acid film. The final products have been tentatively assigned to a mixture of short chain carbonyl species and adsorbed carbonates as well as carbon dioxide and water. The IR spectrum of the fuel cell membrane material Nafion is complex and literature data varies in some of the assignments. The compound perfluoro(2-ethoxyethane)sulfonic acid was used as a model compound for the Nafion side chain resulting in a clearer assignment of the Nafion IR spectrum. In light of these new assignments changes induced in the region 1100-1300 cm⁻� by variation in humidity and ion exchange have been shown to be mainly the result of changes in the sulfonate asymmetric stretching modes. By flowing a series of solutions containing tetramethylammonium ions and perchlorate ions the surface charge characteristics of a Pt black film were determined in the pH range 2-12. There proved to be a weak positive charge below pH 4 and a weak negative charge above pH 9. Between these points there appeared to be no overall charge on the surface. When perfluoro(2-ethoxyethane)sulfonic acid was adsorbed to a Pt black film changes in its IR spectrum indicated a strong binding via interactions between the sulfonate groups and the Pt surface. The nature of the adsorption of Nafion was less clear cut and, whilst adsorption is strong, it seems possible that hydrophobic interactions between the Nafion backbone and the surface are involved.

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Stirling, M. H. "Dehydration in hot working environments : assessment, prevention and rehydration procedures." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7382.

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Holst, Marita. "Enabling boundary-crossing collaboration for innovation : issues for collaborative working environments /." Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2007. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1544/2007/03/.

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Holmberg, Kjell. "Critical noise factors and their relation to annoyance in working environments /." Luleå : Umeå : Luleå tekniska univ. ; Arbetslivsinstitutet, 1997. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/1997/05/index.html.

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Thompson, Nathan. "A climate assessment of working environments at a small midwestern public high school." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009thompsonn.pdf.

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Leshnak, Shelby. "The New Normal: An Examination of Home Working Environments in Post-Pandemic America." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1623241499100821.

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Watson, Brittany Elyse. "The continuing education needs of nurses working in hospital environments in rural Punjab, India." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52720.

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Statistics suggest that 72% of India’s population resides in rural areas, while 75% of physicians practice in urban centers. As a result, nurses are depended upon for knowledge and skills beyond their initial training and education. Currently, in India’s rural health care settings, formalized processes to ensure nurses receive continuing education do not exist. Physicians and nurse colleagues often bridge the education-practice gap, allowing nurses to fill the void in their practice responsibilities. However, the Indian Nursing Council is requiring a five-year renewal process with mandatory requirements for continuing education. Developing appropriate and relevant continuing education programs will require an understanding of nurses’ role in the clinical setting and their learning needs. This qualitative research study is a secondary analysis of data investigating the continuing education needs of nurses working in rural hospital environments in Punjab, India. Data were obtained from an original study that investigated the roles and responsibilities of nurses working at Guru Gobind Singh Hospital in Punjab, India. Twelve staff nurses and five physicians who expressed familiarity with the role of a nurse participated in focus group interviews. Interpretive description methodology was used to identify themes and subthemes within the data. Key themes from the analysis revealed nurses’ emphasis on task completion; the knowledge and skills required for clinical practice exceed nurses’ basic education preparation; and recognition of nurses’ capacity for advanced practice roles within the health care system. Physicians also expressed their dependence upon nurses to fulfill their respective responsibilities. Furthermore, mutual respect and honour within the nurse-physician relationship was embedded throughout the focus group interviews. The study findings highlight the need to enhance nursing capacity through continued education and advanced practice roles to meet the health care needs in rural India.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Nursing, School of
Graduate

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Li, Baizhan. "Assessing the influence of indoor environment of self-reported productivity in offices." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267893.

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Bartholomew, Caroline Paige. "Preschool Teacher Working Environments and Well-Being: Associations with Child Inhibitory Control and Literacy Development." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1618941061259246.

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Holsinger, Amanda Joy Toscano. "Are Nutrition and Food Security Concerns a Priority of Certified Nursing Assistants in Work and Family Environments?" Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31932.

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Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs) are responsible for the care of Americaâ s aging population. CNAs are paid a miniscule amount of money and are often ineligible for medical benefits through their employers. CNAs bathe, change, feed, and help toilet the residents of long-term care facilities. The stressful work and personal lives of CNAs leads to many problems such as high turnover rates, absenteeism, health problems, and elder abuse. In the United States, food insecurity is a concern for many of the uninsured working poor. The purpose of this study was to assess the overall perceived concerns, barriers, and solutions of CNAs in both their work and family environments, identify where nutrition and food security fits into the priorities of CNAs, and identify educational strategies to improve their health and overall quality of life. Twenty-nine CNAs participated in six focus groups across the state of Virginia. Triangulation techniques were used to compare both qualitative (focus groups) and quantitative (participatory activities and questionnaires) research. Participatory activities showed that the top home concern of CNAs was money management. CNAs ranked keeping their family healthy fourth (9.6%), and they ranked preparing fast easy meals eighth (1.7%). The top work concern of CNAs was time management. Staying healthy at work ranked fourth (12.9%), while packing a nutritious lunch was sixth (3.4%). The preferred methods of education for the participants were watching videotapes, attending classes at a central location, and having a mentor to help them with their problems.
Master of Science

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Allen, Melissa. "A Quantitative Study of International School Working Conditions and Learning Environments in Relation to Student Achievement." Thesis, Lindenwood University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10130181.

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With an increased focus on global competition, many educators and policymakers relied on international assessments such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) to evaluate the ability of their education system to prepare students for the global economy. Students in the United States continued to demonstrate disappointing results on the PISA, which led to an outcry by American educators and policymakers and a call for reform. To lessen the achievement gap between the United States and other countries, experts suggested the importance of identifying the characteristics of high performing countries and adapting effective policies to fit the needs of the United States.

The current study sought to provide a research-based foundation for school reform in the United States by initially seeking relationships between research-based factors of school working conditions and learning environments (initial teacher education and professional development; teacher appraisal and feedback; school climate; school leadership; and teachers’ instructional beliefs and pedagogical practices) from the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) and student achievement. Then, where relationships occurred, the researcher ascertained the extent of differences within those factors between the United States and the top five, middle five, and lowest five performing countries that participated in both the 2012 PISA and 2013 TALIS.

The analysis of the data revealed several relationships among factors of school working conditions and learning environments and student achievement. The results also indicated several differences within these factors between the United States and the selected countries. Based on these results the researcher offered several recommendations to educators and policymakers in the United States, such as providing teachers with the time and skill to offer each other meaningful feedback, completing further research on the efficacy of utilizing student performance data in evaluation frameworks, allowing teachers more meaningful opportunities to reflect and collaborate in order to foster common beliefs about teaching and learning, and providing additional training to teachers in the United States on the appropriate and effective use of assessment strategies.

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Humphrey, Bryan, and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "Insider Research, the Process and Practice: Issues arising from professionals conducting research within their own working environments." Deakin University. School of Education, 1995. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040614.122119.

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This thesis explores the chaotic, dynamic, ambiguous, complex and confusing world of the insider researcher. The proliferating species of insider researcher is common in public sector organisations and is particularly prevalent among post-graduate students who have combined study with work. Insider researchers range from the in-house researcher employed to conduct research to those who are conducting research in addition to their normal duties. This thesis, through five illustrative case-studies, discusses, reflects upon, explains, and clarifies the possibilities, limitations and the issues arising from a consideration of the practice of professionals conducting research in the large government education system in Victoria. The central focus of this thesis, that of exploring issues arising from professionals conducting research in their own working environments, has an importance that hitherto has had little direct recognition in the qualitative education research literature. And yet the practice of insider research is common and has a potentially large impact on the nature of the decision making process in public sector organisations. This relative invisibility in the social research literature of a discussion of issues relating to insider research demands to be made more visible. It is both useful and necessary to explore the particular possibilities, conditions and challenges of insiders conducting research in public organisations as the practice of insider research contines to grow. This thesis adds to the literature by locating insider research in a discussion of the wider soial context of ideology, culture, relationships, politics, language and meaning, and the decision-making process.

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Karnasuta, Pandit. "An examination of the effects of web-based virtual working environments on team effectiveness within construction projects." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401459.

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Vermeylen, Guillaume. "The Impact of Educational Mismatch on Firm Productivity, Wages and Productivity-Wage Gaps in Different Working Environments." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/237924.

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Given the clear development of the educational mismatch phenomenon in our advanced economies, it seems interesting to investigate the effects of such phenomenon on the labour market. Based on available databases, this thesis gets into the research area of new working organizations and their effects on firm performance in a broader sense, by relying on a double stance. From the firm’s point of view, it analyses how educational mismatch impacts firm productivity (Chapter 2) and profitability (Chapter 3), according to different working environments. Chapter 2 provides first evidence on whether the direct relationship between educational mismatch and firm productivity varies across working environments, materialized as a socially responsible environment and a challenging environment. The results show that corporate social responsibility creates a working environment that fosters the positive impact of over-education on productivity, suggesting that socially responsible firms are more able than others to take advantage of the surplus knowledge of their over-educated workers. When investigating the role of a challenging environment, our results show that over-educated workers are more productive in firms that (i) require higher skills, (ii) rely on high-technological/knowledge processes, and (iii) operate in a more uncertain economic context, these three environments materializing a challenging situation. Chapter 3 reveals a profit-ability profile in the form of an inverted L with, at firm level, under-education being associated with a negative impact on profits, whereas higher levels of normal and over-education are associated with positive returns for firms. It also underlines caveats of relying on human capital hypothesis since increasing educational norms is associated with productivity gains that outpace hikes in labour costs, with the returns, in the case of Belgium, being captures by firms in the form of higher profits. Finally, it shows that in the particular context of high-tech industries, over-education could be a profitable strategy because hiring above educational norms leads to higher levels of profitability.From the workers’ point of view, this thesis analyses the wages impacts of educational mismatch by deepening and expanding the educational mismatch phenomenon to the skills mismatch phenomenon. Chapter 4 investigates the impact of educational and skills mismatches on workers’ wages by relying on three mismatch situations: (i) the apparent matching, where a worker is found to be properly educated but over-skilled; (ii) the apparent over-education, where a worker is found to be over-educated but properly skilled; and (iii) the genuine over-education, where a worker is found to be over-educated and over-skilled. Beside these considerations, this chapter also analyses whether the origin of the worker may influence the wage response to educational and skills mismatches. The results show that all specifications of over-education and over-skilling impact wages negatively, with the highest penalties for genuine over-education. When investigating differences between native and immigrant workers, the results suggest that immigrants suffer from a slightly higher pay penalty than natives. European immigrant and native workers thus do not seem to be that differently impacted by mismatches in terms of education and/or skills.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Oachesu, Alex, and Nemanja Negovanovic. "The core problems of globally distributed work in software development environments, and possible solutions : DevOps environments' opportunities for better adoption of a globally distributed working culture." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-21956.

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Both distributed work and DevOps are on an upward trend. There is a slight resemblance between the problems that DevOps is trying to find answers to, the solutions, and the common problems that geographically distributed work faces. Mainly, they are related to isolated environments that have difficulties in mutual understanding and communication, collaboration. All this leads to inefficiencies and costs that affect the overall efficiency of companies. This report identifies how DevOps engineering principles and implementations provide solutions to common problems in globally distributed work environments. It uses a literature systematic literature search and review to extract the recent and relevant academic data in the scope of the two research questions. Then, a proof-of-concept is implemented for DevOps, which confirms the literature. In parallel, a survey addressed to Swedish companies provides subject-related data from the professional environment, which largely supports the literature and brings extra knowledge. All of this is considered in data analysis and formulation of conclusions, showing DevOps features that can improve and support work in globally distributed environments and outlining the importance of the tailored organizational culture for the modern need of large-scale distributed work.

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Buzan, Jonathan R. "Quantifying Human Heat Stress in Working Environments, and Their Relationship to Atmospheric Dynamics, Due to Global Climate Change." Thesis, Purdue University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10809312.

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Heat stress is a global issue that crosses socioeconomic status. Heat stress leads to reduced worker capacity on seasonal scales, and weekly to sub-daily timescales, incapacitation, morbidity, and mortality. This dissertation focuses on 2 distinct parts: quantification methods of heat stress, and heat stress applications.

Quantification methods of heat stress: Chapters 1–3 focus on historical analysis of heat stress. Chapter 1 is a detailed assessment of previous work in heat stress—methods, history, and future research out- look. Chapter 2 focuses on the implementation and quantification of a battery of heat stress metrics within the global circulation model framework. The ultimate outcome is a Fortran module, the HumanIndexMod [1], that may be run independently on individual datasets, or used with the Community Earth System Model 1, Community Land Model Version 5 (released February 2018 w/HumanIndexMod). Chapter 3 is an analysis of a battery of heat stress metrics with the focus on showing their differences in global circulation models, and thermodynamic predictability and scalability.

Heat stress applications: Chapters 4 and 5 focus on applications for physical impact modeling and economic outcomes. Chapter 4 quantifies labor impacts from heat stress due to the covariance or temperature, humidity, and radiation. My predictions of labor productivity losses from heat stress are amenable to Integrated Assessment Modeling. Chapter 5 is a preliminary economic impacts analysis–a 1^st order sensitivity perturbation study for labor impacts–which will guide a flagship application for the Purdue University Big Idea Project, GLASS: Global to Local Analysis of Systems Sustainability. My labor productivity losses from heat stress will become a boundary condition for a series of sensitivity assessments intended to inform the policy making process to help achieve the United Nations Sustainability Development Goals.

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Mo, Kevin, and Davis Jawan Luangikone. "Employee Motivation in Remote Work : Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Efficacy’s Role in Employee Motivation for Remote Environments." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176419.

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Information technology (IT) has enabled organizations to implement significant, beneficial traits of virtual organizations into their own structure such as the ability to work remotely. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the business world was forced to shift towards a virtual environment where remote working has become the new norm. Thus, this study seeks to contribute to the understanding of motivation and self-efficacy for workers in this relatively new environment. This is guided by three main research questions: (1) What are the aspects of intrinsic motivations that employees feel affect employee motivation in a remote work environment?, (2) How do employees perceive incentives and other extrinsic motivators within the remote work environment?, and (3) In which possible ways does an employee believe self-efficacy has altered due to remote work? Self-determination theory (SDT) and self-efficacy were utilized as the main theoretical tools to examine the motivation of remote workers within the engineering industry along with inductive reasoning. Data for this qualitative study was gathered through the conduction of seven semi-structured interviews on two engineering companies, which are identified as Sim Co. and Mech Co. It was found that extrinsic motivators within the more autonomy supportive environment—that is remote work—will not be as influential and prominent from the individual’s perspective. Hence, supporting an individual’s perceived locus of causality (PLOC) and intrinsic motivators will be much more beneficial to motivate remote workers. It was also observed that project burnout and personal disinterest continues to conflict with remote workers as the separation between work and personal life may be an issue for the individual. Vicarious experience and physiological and emotional states were primarily affected for the interviewees during the transition to remote work. This led to a change in self-efficacy for the individual along with competence and autonomy. This research has concluded: (1) remote employee motivation is influenced more by intrinsic motivations rather than extrinsic motivations similar to the in-office environment, and (2) self-efficacy judgment was affected in two components by remote work一vicarious experience and physiological and emotional states.

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Hutchison, Andrew John. "Making sense of varying standards of care : front-line staff experiences of working in residential care environments for adults with learning disabilites." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5294/.

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Current evidence suggests that people with learning disabilities living in residential facilities are being exposed to considerable variation in the standards of care they receive. While attempts have been made to understand variations in care standards and factors associated with abusive or neglectful practices, there remains a need for more research in this area. Additionally, little attention has been paid to understanding support staff experiences of working in residential or inpatient services and to developing a more theoretical understanding of the role they fulfil. Using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), the aim of this study was to examine front-line staff members' experiences of working in residential care for people with learning disabilities. Six experienced front-line care workers (4 female, 2 male) took part in semi-structured interviews. Interview data was analysed according to the principles of IPA and the following three superordinate themes were identified as being central to participants' experiences of their work related roles: Degree of Positive Relationship Reciprocity; Value Congruence and Intrinsic Motivation; Experiences of Environmental and Organisational Constraints. Results are discussed in relation to existing literature on care standards and the factors associated with abusive or neglectful practices, and in terms of their contribution to theory and applied practice.

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DeVault, Carol Aline. "Working for the environment: Pathways to environmental careers." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1909.

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Fifteen professionals in a variety of environmental occupations in the United States were interviewed in a structured, open-ended format. Job profiles were developed from the interviews. The philosophy of these environmental professionals is expressed in their own words and offers insights into influences upon career choice, professional training and personal fulfillment. In addition, environmental related career activity guides were developed to help students and their parents and teachers gain an awareness of the occupations available in this field.

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Seddigh, Aram. "Office type, performance and well-being : A study of how personality and work tasks interact with contemporary office environments and ways of working." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-118824.

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Today, many organisations are adopting offices that have an open design with or without flexible seating. While advocates of open-plan offices propose that these office types lead to cost savings and aid inter and intra-team communication, opponents argue that these office types are associated with decreased performance and worsened health among employees. This thesis investigates how the type of office (cell offices, shared room offices, small open-plan offices, medium-sized open plan offices, large open-plan offices and flex offices) influences employee health and performance, and whether this is different for different personalities and jobs with different concentration demands. Data were gathered by means of surveys and cognitive tests from five organisations with different office types. In Study I (N=1241), the aim was to investigate the main effect of office type on indicators of health and performance and the interaction effect of office type with the need to concentrate in order to carry out work tasks. Office type alone was associated with distraction and cognitive stress in such a way that cell offices were associated with fewest problems, followed by flex offices, while open-plan offices were associated with the most problems. While employees in open-plan offices and employees in flex offices reported more problems as the need for concentration increased, employees in cell offices reported the same level of problems regardless of the need of concentration. Study II (N=527) investigated how performance on a memory test was affected during normal working conditions as compared to a quiet baseline. There was a negative dose-response relationship between the size of the open-plan office environment and the drop in word recall during the normal working condition. However, Study II also showed that individuals working in cell offices had as high a drop in performance during normal working conditions as did those working in large open-plan office environments. Study III (N=1133–1171) focused on the interaction effect between office type and individual differences in personality. The personality trait agreeableness interacted with office type on the outcome variables distraction and job satisfaction. Specifically, Study III may indicate that as offices get more open and flexible, agreeable people will report more problems. In conclusion, the studies in the present thesis have implications for practice and suggest that office type impacts on employee health and performance, while concentration demands of the job and agreeableness moderate the effects. Although employees report higher level of distraction in open-plan office environments, when performance on a demanding task is measured, cell offices are not as favourable during normal working conditions as self-reported data usually indicate. Organisations should also be aware that, among open-plan offices, small open-plan offices are associated with fewer problems.
Kontorslandskap med eller utan fasta arbetsstationer förekommer idag i många organisationer. Förespråkare för kontorslandskap hänvisar till kostnadsbesparing samt förbättrade förutsättningar för kommunikation, medan motståndare hävdar att kontorslandskap leder till försämrad prestation och hälsa bland medarbetarna. Denna avhandling undersöker om kontorstyp påverkar de anställdas hälsa och prestation, samt om effekten av kontorstyp varierar beroende på de anställdas personlighet och typ av arbetsuppgifter. Data i form av enkätsvar och prestation på kognitiva tester samlades in från fem organisationer med olika typer av kontorslösningar (cellkontor, delade kontorsrum, små kontorslandskap, mellanstora kontorslandskap, stora kontorslandskap och flexkontor). I studie I (N = 1241) var syftet att undersöka huvudeffekten av kontorstyp på indikatorer för hälsa och prestation samt om effekten är beroende av koncentrationskraven i arbetet. Kontorstyp visade samband med distraktion och kognitiv stress på så sätt att medarbetare i cellkontor uppgav minst problem, följt av de i flexkontor, medan kontorslandskap var förknippade med mer problem. Vidare rapporterade anställda som hade arbetsuppgifter som krävde koncentration mer problem i kontorslandskap och flexkontor, medan anställda i cellkontor, oavsett arbetets krav, rapporterade lika mycket problem. I studie II (N = 527) undersöktes hur prestation på ett minnestest påverkades under normala arbetsförhållanden jämfört med en tyst referensmätning i olika kontorstyper. Det fanns ett negativt dos-responssamband mellan storleken på kontorslandskapet och hur många procent sämre medarbetare presterade under normala arbetsförhållanden. Men Studie II visade också att personer som arbetar i cellkontor hade ett lika högt bortfall i prestation under normala arbetsförhållanden som de som arbetade i stora kontorslandskap. I studie III (N = 1133-1171) låg fokus på interaktionseffekten mellan kontorstyp och personlighet. Vänlighet var den enda personlighetsvariabeln som interagerade med kontorstyp på utfallsvariablerna distraktion och arbetstillfredsställelse. Mer specifikt visade Studie III att när kontoret blir mer öppet och flexibelt, så rapporterar människor som skattar sig högt på personlighetsvariabeln vänlighet fler problem. Resultaten i avhandlingen kan få flera praktiska implikationer då den visar att kontorstyp påverkar medarbetarnas hälsa och prestation, medan koncentrationskrävande arbetsuppgifter och vänlighet modererar effekterna. Vidare visar avhandlingen att även om anställda rapporterar mindre distraktion i cellkontor jämfört med i kontorslandskap, behöver inte cellkontor vara lika gynnsamma som självskattade mått visar när prestationen mäts med objektiva mått under normala arbetsförutsättningar, i det här fallet ett minnestest. Slutligen bör organisationer även vara medvetna om att avhandlingen visar en viss tendens att små kontorslandskap är förknippade med mindre problem än stora.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript.

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Pourhashemi, Philippe. "Travelling light: an investigation into the relationship between professional environments, language(s) and readings of cultural difference in graduates' narratives of working life abroad." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2067/.

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Travel, according to the anthropologist James Clifford (1998). is a fundamental characteristic of human behaviour. Grand tours and temporary residencies in European cities are no longer the preserve of the elite but today have become a global commonplace and one of the discourses of postmodernity. Broadened access to travel has not, however, altered the notion of being well-travelled which has continued to accrue both economic, symbolic and cultural capital. Study or work abroad has become a commonplace and at the 'same time it has undergone a degree of change, becoming a simple accessory or another commodity to add to one's curriculum vitae. In recent years interculturalists, and modem linguists in particular such as Byram (2001), Cormeraie (2002) and Kramsch (1998), have turned their attention to studies of the experience of the Year Abroad for students of foreign languages. Much of the focus in these studies has been on the accumulation of intercultural competence and on linguistic and cultural fluency drawing conceptual frames from the discipli'ne of education. The problem with this research is that it has become bound into the concerns of education and has not looked beyond the structures of pedagogy to wider cultural issues and manifestations of travel and dwelling abroad. This thesis examines the experiences of graduates working and living abroad, with an emphasis on the relationship which exists between their working contexts and cultural difference. This research makes two main contributions to the field. One' is to approach the graduates as cultural voices throughout their narratives of residency and working life abroad which can be perceived as the writing of their own identities. The other is the application of psychoanalytical theory to the graduates' readings of cultural difference and intercultural. encounter as performed throughout their narratives.

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Chen, Wen-Yen. "Students aged 3-6 years with special educational needs working in second language environments : exploring the transferability of pedagogical approaches from England to Taiwan." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2017. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/9414/.

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This study aims to compare pedagogical strategies adopted in Taiwan and England for children aged 3-6 years using languages additional to their home languages, some of whom have a diagnosis of special educational needs and disability (SEND), in order to identify any pedagogical strategies used in English early childhood settings that might also be employed usefully in Taiwanese early childhood settings. In its action research cycle, the study goes on to investigate the potential for transferability of such strategies from early childhood settings in England to early childhood settings in Taiwan. A study focused on issues concerning the experiences of ‘New-inhabitants’ is new in Taiwan, since this demographic has emerged and increased significantly in the past twenty years. ‘New-inhabitant’ children in Taiwan tend to be more likely than their peers to have a diagnosis of Special Educational Needs, which may be attributable to the high percentage of their fathers with physical disabilities or intellectual impairments. Equally, many of their mothers are from countries other than Taiwan and their first language is not Chinese so that these children tend to present with language and communication delay in Chinese. Taiwanese early childhood teachers have reported that they find it difficult to teach ‘New-inhabitant’ children and an emerging issue has been the increasing need for teachers in Taiwan to adapt their traditional teaching methods to make early education in Taiwan accessible to ‘New-inhabitant’ children. Conversely, teachers in England have been teaching children with English as Additional Language (EAL) and Special Educational Needs (SEN) for many years so pedagogic practice in these areas is relatively well established in England. This action research study has been an opportunity to compare pedagogic strategies employed by teachers in both England and Taiwan and to investigate if – and how - strategies from English settings might be transferable to Taiwanese settings. In the study, the methods included semi-structured interviews with teachers and observations of pedagogic practice in early years settings; observation data comprised photographs, videos and field notes, while interviews elicited teachers’ voices, revealing information as well as their thinking and beliefs. In the interviews, teachers discussed the learning environments and activities they had created, specific strategies for children with EAL or SEN, and shared their opinions about cooperation with schools and Local Authorities. Findings reveal similarities and differences in the pedagogic strategies employed by teachers in early childhood settings in England and Taiwan. They indicate that it was possible to transfer some pedagogic strategies from English settings to Taiwanese settings supporting children with Special Educational Needs and Chinese as an Additional Language. However, the study found this transferability to be limited and strongly affected by the need to adapt resources to make them culturally appropriate for the children in Taiwan. The findings provide insights into the real world practices of early childhood teachers in England and Taiwan, enabling other teachers to learn from their work so that they might use these experiences to inform their early childhood provision.

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Weisberg, Steven Marc. "WHERE AM I? INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN MEMORY, NAVIGATION ABILITY, AND NAVIGATION STRATEGY." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/308490.

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Psychology
Ph.D.
Navigation proficiency - the ability to find and recall new and familiar locations - varies widely among individuals (e.g., Schinazi, Epstein, Nardi, Newcombe, & Shipley, 2013; Weisberg, Schinazi, Newcombe, Shipley, & Epstein, 2014). The cognitive processes that support effective navigation have been theoretically sketched out (e.g., Wolbers & Hegarty, 2010), but how do those processes contribute to aspects of and individual differences in navigation behavior? Using a virtual environment to assess navigation proficiency (Weisberg et al., 2014), we conducted two studies to investigate whether individual differences in navigating meaningfully relate to memory capacity (Study1) and navigation strategy (Study 2). Results from Study 1 suggest that working memory capacity may limit some participants' ability to build accurate cognitive maps. Using a virtual environment paradigm based on the rodent T-maze (Marchette, Bakker, & Shelton, 2011), Study 2 shows that good navigators do not prefer to use a place-based strategy over a response-based strategy, but there was an interaction between strategy selection and goals found. Good navigators who used a place-based strategy found more goals than good navigators who used a response-based strategy; the opposite was true for bad navigators. Emerging from this set of studies is a richer picture of how individual differences in cognitive traits (i.e., working memory capacity), and strategy choice relate to navigation proficiency.
Temple University--Theses

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Martins-Crane, Lolin. "The Self-Managed Work Team Environment: Perceptions of Men and Women." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500806/.

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The present study empirically examined working behaviors of men and women within a self-managed working environment. Three models of women and work were studied. Results indicated women exhibited higher levels of job meaning and continuance commitment. The more self-managed production team exhibited higher levels of growth need strength, support from co-workers, continuance commitment, task significance and lower levels of role conflicts. Support teams exhibited higher levels of autonomy and satisfaction with pay. Path analysis, testing a model based on Astin's sociopsychological model indicated direct effects from expectancy to general satisfaction, from gender to expectancy, and task significance to gender. An alternative model showed direct effects between general satisfaction and expectancy, satisfaction with pay, task significance and expectancies, and between satisfaction with pay and teams.

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Almeida, Maria Helena Ferreira de. "Ambientes favoráveis à prática de cuidados de enfermagem: factores determinantes." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/20775.

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A qualidade do ambiente de trabalho dos profissionais, nas organizações de saúde, contribui para a qualidade dos cuidados e serviços prestados e para a excelência do desempenho. O International Council of Nurses denominou os ambientes promotores da excelência como ambientes favoráveis à prática. Os líderes e gestores destas organizações devem conhecer os factores determinantes desses ambientes de forma a proporcionar as condições que obviem o exercício profissional de qualidade. Descrever os factores estratégicos que determinam a existência de um modelo de desenvolvimento organizacional meado em ambientes favoráveis à prática de cuidados de enfermagem em contexto hospitalar constitui-se como objectivo geral desta investigação. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-correlacionai, recorrendo a um inquérito por questionário, sendo a população alvo enfermeiros. Foi obtido um conjunto de padrões factoriais que caracterizam o perfil de factores críticos de sucesso em ambientes favoráveis à prática dos enfermeiros: Organização [práticas de gestão; estruturas de apoio; políticas de recursos humanos; políticas de gestão de erros; condições para captação de recursos humanos; dotações seguras]; Enfermeiro [gestão e liderança; comunicação organizacional; ética e deontologia profissional; educação e desenvolvimento profissional]; Governo [políticas do governo]; Associação Profissional/ Ordem dos Enfermeiros (OE) [orientações para a profissão; controlo da profissão]. Evidenciou-se, ainda, que existe diferença de percepção entre os enfermeiros gestores e prestadores de cuidados sobre os factores que determinam o ambiente favorável à prática de cuidados e que os diferentes contextos de prestação de cuidados (internamento, urgência e ambulatório) não influenciam a percepção que os enfermeiros detêm sobre esses factores. - ABSTRACT: The quality of the work environment for professionals, in health organizations, contributes to the quality of care and services as well as excellence in performance. The International Council of Nurses entitled the environments that lead to that excellence as Positive Practice Environments. The leaders and managers these organizations should know the detenninant factors of those environments, in order to provide conditions that will support a high quality practice. To describe the strategic factors that determine the existence of an organizational development model based on positive practice environments for nursing care in a hospital environment is the primary objective of this research. This is a descriptive-correlative study based on a questionnaire, being the target population nurses. We obtained a set of factorial standards that characterize the profile of successful critical factors in positive practice environments for nursing care: Organization [management practices, support structures, human resource policies, fault management policies; conditions for obtaining human resources, safe donations], Nurses [management and leadership, organizational communication; professional ethic; education and professional development]; Government (government policies];Professional Association I Nurses National Council (OE) [profession guidelines; profession control]. It was evident also that there is difference in perception between nursing managers and care providers regarding the factors that determine the positive environment for nursing practice and that the different contexts of care (hospitalization, emergency and ambulatory care) did not influence the perception that nurses have on these factors.

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Boumenir, Yasmine. "Spatial navigation in real and virtual urban environments: performance and multisensory processing of spatial information in sighted, visually impaired, late and congenitally blind individuals." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00632703.

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Previous studies investigating how humans build reliable spatial knowledge representations allowing them to find their way from one point to another in complex environments have been focused on comparing the relative importance of the two-dimensional visual geometry of routes and intersections, multi-dimensional data from direct exposure with the real world, or verbal symbols and/or instructions. This thesis sheds further light on the multi-dimensional and multi-sensorial aspects by investigating how the cognitive processing of spatial information derived from different sources of sensory and higher order input influences the performance of human observers who have to find their way from memory through complex and non-familiar real-world environments. Three experiments in large-scale urban environments of the real world, and in computer generated representations of these latter (Google Street View), were run to investigate the influence of prior exposure to 2D visual or tactile maps of an itinerary, compared with a single direct experience or verbal instructions, on navigation performances in sighted and/or visually deficient individuals, and in individuals temporarily deprived of vision. Performances were analyzed in terms of time from departure to destination, number of stops, number of wrong turns, and success rates. Potential strategies employed by individuals during navigation and mental mapping abilities were screened on the basis of questionnaires and drawing tests. Subjective levels of psychological stress (experiment 2) were measured to bring to the fore possible differences between men and women in this respect. The results of these experiments show that 2D visual maps, briefly explored prior to navigation, generate better navigation performances compared with poorly scaled virtual representations of a complex real-world environment (experiment 1), the best performances being produced by a single prior exposure to the real-world itinerary. However, brief familiarization with a reliably scaled virtual representation of a non-familiar real-world environment (Google Street View) not only generates optimal navigation in computer generated testing (virtual reality), but also produces better navigation performances when tested in the real-world environment and compared with prior exposure to 2D visual maps (experiment 2). Congenitally blind observers (experiment 3) who have to find their way from memory through a complex non-familiar urban environment perform swiftly and with considerable accuracy after exposure to a 2D tactile map of their itinerary. They are also able to draw a visual image of their itinerary on the basis of the 2D tactile map exposure. Other visually deficient or sighted but blindfolded individuals seem to have greater difficulty in finding their way again than congenitally blind people, regardless of the type of prior exposure to their test itinerary. The findings of this work here are discussed in the light of current hypotheses regarding the presumed intrinsic nature of human spatial representations, replaced herein within a context of working memory models. It is suggested that multi-dimensional temporary storage systems, capable of processing a multitude of sensory input in parallel and with a much larger general capacity than previously considered in terms of working memory limits, need to be taken into account for future research.

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Call, Andrew. "Sustainable Ski Resorts in the State of Utah: Working Toward the Future." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1356.

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Enacting environmentally sustainable practices among ski resort areas within the U.S. has become an issue of mounting concern and attention. The state of Utah generates seven billion dollars a year from its tourism industry, with the majority coming from visitation to Utah’s fourteen ski resort areas. The state of Utah is highly tourism dependent and deems this sector as a central factor in the state’s economy. Thus, good environmental practices among these ski resort areas is not only important in their daily operations, but also to local community businesses and stakeholders who depend on a consistent influx of tourism dollars to remain economically viable. The ski resort areas of Utah vary in their level of implementation, reporting, and marketing of their specific environmental practices, and initiatives. This has led to gaps in reporting by each ski resort area and a lack of understanding among local business owners and community members in regards to what current environmental efforts are being undertaken by these resort areas, as well as their plans for the future. A qualitative study aimed at exploring the current level and future plans for the implementation of environmentally sustainable practices among Utah’s ski resort areas should help to create a more in-depth understanding of what each resort is doing to address this issue. It also serves to create a baseline summary report of the state of Utah’s ski resort area environmental practices as a whole. Fifteen key informant interviews were conducted throughout the ski resort areas of Utah with resort employees ranging from sustainability coordinators and marketing managers, to operations and budget directors. Methodologies used for the study and some of the preliminary findings are presented. These findings will focus on the current and future implementation of environmentally sustainable practices at each Utah ski resort area. Results from this study are intended to bridge the lack of communication amongst ski resort areas and local community members and businesses. This can help in creating a more interdisciplinary approach to this issue and generate new ideas and angles in approaching environmental sustainability among ski resort areas.

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Van, Ostrand Rita A. "A computerized working environment for retail pharmacists." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/484763.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate how well the computer hardware/software industry was meeting the needs of the retail pharmacist. The needs were determined by a survey of 1000 Indiana pharmacists. A reply rate of 22% revealed that the most important problems pharmacists were facing with their computer systems were slow access of the data, the length of backup time, no drug interaction check, and no multitasking. Hardware and software means of meeting these problems were studied. Also the currently available systems were evaluated in terms of these problems. It was found that while most systems were adequately meeting some of these problems no system was addressing all of them. Some of the systems were multitasking but were much too expensive for the small pharmacy. A system can be designed that meets all of these needs without neglecting the basic needs of pharmacists and at a very reasonable cost.

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Melley, Mylene. "Cooperative working in an open hypermedia environment." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296420.

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Zheng, Yongjun. "Mobile collaborative working environment of product design." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2009. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/150/.

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In response to the arrival of new Web/Internet environments, one of the most attractive challenges in current research is to exploit wireless computing technologies in collaborative product design, and hence to build a ubiquitous mobile information system to enable the collaborative product design within a mobile environment. However, the literature review reveals that although the progress of mobile technologies on wireless networks has largely changed the way people access the Internet; little has been achieved in mobile computing for collaborative product design. The reason is that, due to the distinct features of mobile devices and wireless networks (such as small display screen, limited bandwidth, unreliability of wireless networks, etc.), the methodologies and technologies used in stationary networks are not always applicable to mobile systems. The aim of this research is to establish a Wireless Internet-based Collaborative Working Environment for product design through the combination of multiple technologies, by including: Web services, Parametric Design, the Semantic Web, Agent and Flex Technologies. In order to create, deploy, and manage the distributed resources, Web service is used to implement design resource integration in a platform-independent manner. In addition, Semantic Web Technology is used to create a general knowledge base. This approach includes two components: (1) ontology is used to represent abstract views of product data and (2) added semantic rules are also used to represent relationships among product data. Therefore, an ontology-based description model is thus proposed to facilitate expression and organisation of product information in order to manage and deploy the distributed design resources. This research presents a mobile agent system for collaborative design, supporting the construction of mobile agents which can migrate and access the distributed design resources. After that, in order to resolve the Mobile Platform Compatibility problem, this research presents the most recent Flex technology to enable the mobile applications to be implemented on the different mobile devices; furthermore, with the support of combined Flex technology and Web service, remote users are able to invoke a large-scale computing program via mobile Web browser. The combination of all these technologies provides the cornerstone and effective support in building scalable, extensible interactive mobile systems for collaborative design, as illustrated and demonstrated in this thesis.

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Arabyan, Petros, and Arnaud Vedelago. "Leading Working Environment to Foster Employees' Creativity." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-64571.

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This thesis aims to discuss three main categories such as: leadership, working environment and followers’ creativity. Particularly, the general principle of the work is to define how those notions are intertwined. Having used the principles of the Grounded theory (Corbin & Strauss, 2008), we conducted our research with the main emphasis of originating theory from the data that was collected from empirical and theoretical materials. In particular, we found out that leadership factors classified as “work-related” influence the “organizational culture”. Similarly, “management skills” of the leader are closely interrelated with “organizational structure”. Finally, “team-related” leadership traits have their immediate effect on “organizational climate”. Consequently, we can state leadership is able to set up a creative working environment that fosters individual’s creativity. Later forward, the creative working environment is believed to be an ultimate prerequisite that fosters individuals’ creativity. However, it is pertinent to note that leadership as such, can directly influence employees’ creativity as well. As a final analysis, we claim that authentic leadership due to its indispensable attributes is an ultimate prerequisite that enhances individual’s creativity based on the findings of our research.

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Persson, Anders J. "Ethical problems in work and working environment contexts." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Infrastructure, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1741.

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This thesis identifies and systematizes two categories ofpractical problems that stem from work and working environmentcontexts: workplace privacy and occupational health risks. Thefocus of the discussion is on ethical justification. Do we havereason to accept a certain level of (potential) harm toemployees by virtue of the fact that they are employees, and ifso, under what circumstances? The thesis consists of a briefintroduction and three essays.

InEssayI, it is argued that employees have a prima facieright to privacy, but that this right can be overridden bycompeting moral principles that follow, explicitly orimplicitly, from the contract of employment. Three types ofjustification are specified: those that refer to the employer'sinterests, those that refer to the interests of the employee,and those that refer to the interests of third parties. A setof ethical criteria is developed and used in the subsequentessay to determine the moral status of infringement ofworkplace privacy.

InEssayII, these criteria are applied to three broadcategories of intrusive workplace practices: (1) monitoring andsurveillance, (2) genetic testing, and (3) drug testing.Scenarios are used to show that such practical ethical problemscan be handled systematically using proposed guidelines. It isalso shown that some practices are dubious and at least some ofthem can be replaced by less intrusive means of ensuring thedesired outcome, for instance efficiency or safety in aworkplace.

EssayIII deals with the fact that health and safetystandards for employees are less protective than those thatapply to the public. Emphasis is put on the distinction betweenexposure and risk, and this distinction is claimed to be a keyfactor in the relevance of arguments in favour of such doublestandards. The analysis of 'double standards' for public andoccupational exposure to risk aims to show that a justificationof such standards is closely linked to two separate types ofissues, namely empirical and normative issues. It is claimedthat this kind of differentiation seems to be supported neitherby a reasonable conception of the contract of employment nor byany obvious ethical principle that is applicable to workplacesor work situations in general.

Key words:Contract of employment, double standards,drug testing, ethics, ethical justification, exposure, genetictesting, health and safety standards, privacy, surveillance,risks, work, work environment

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Hansson, Johan. "Design of organizational procedures for working environment planning /." Luleå, 2005. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1544/2005/26/.

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Hansson, Johan. "Implementation of a system for working environment management." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17847.

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This thesis addresses the problem of developing and implementing an activity-based system for management of working environment conditions. Through explorative case studies in municipal care of the elderly the prerequisites of motivation, capacity and opportunity were examined. Systems objectives were derived from the Provisions enforced by The Swedish Working Environment Authority. The Provisions emphasize that working environment issues shall be integrated with activity-issues like economy and quality and include routines for risk analysis and action planning. An action research program was initiated including organizational interventions. A specific communication structure of meetings was designed. Simulations of workplace team meetings were accomplished including analysis and management of existing risks. The program was evaluated in the field by means of participant observation and structured interviews. The formative design of evaluation assessed the participants' motivation, capacity and opportunity to perform. The initial evaluation concerned how the participants performed risk analyses according to the action plan. Results showed that the participants operated according to the given meeting structure. Some risk factors were analyzed on numerous occasions, e.g. physical factors, while other risk factors, e.g. harassments were never considered in meeting contexts. The result implies the need of complementary work methods for risk assessment, i.e. professional employee interviews and questionnaires. The subsequent evaluation inquired into the first line managers' mental models using these methods. Results showed that the managers in general acknowledged the characteristics of the methods, i.e. strengths and sources of error. The concluding evaluation examined the working environment planning of the executive board. Results showed that the representatives in general held indistinct perceptions of the systems characteristics. A majority of the executive boards failed to communicate specific strategies for operative management. Some guiding principles for system implementation were suggested on the basis of the empirical results.

Godkänd; 2003; 20070217 (ysko)

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DeVoe, Timothy D. "Working Space." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1463.

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By altering the outward appearance of the gallery walls, I address the hidden inner temperaments and characteristics of these seemingly benign facades. Architectural rubble impacts with the gallery space in imagined collisions, exposing and distorting its hidden inner workings and structures. Sometimes my walls grow so fat that they need immediate and temporary structural solutions. They may even slump over in a pathetic heap under their own perceived mass.Using everyday wall building materials like 2x4s and drywall, or even harvesting the material directly from the gallery, I anthropomorphize the surface of the space. Rather than the architecture receding into the background in the service of art, the gallery walls break free of the architecture and become the art

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Nilsson, Ulla. "Application of pesticides in greenhouses - techniques and working environment /." Alnarp : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1998. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1998/91-576-5537-5.gif.

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Johansson, Henrik. "Stressors in Ugandan nurses’ working- environment : An observational study." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-3981.

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Background: Stress is a common problem for nurses around the world. In Uganda, the enormous pressure on the healthcare in the country makes it no different. Aim: To describe stressors in nurses’ working-environment in one hospital, one clinic and one refugee-camp in central and western Uganda. Methods: A qualitative observational study with observations from three different health facilities. The data was analyzed using content analysis by Graneheim and Lundman. Results: The results showed that factors like lack of equipment, improper handling of needles, exposure to contagion, environmental factors and information were all contributing to stress. Discussions: The result was discussed from two themes: Lack of safety and Knowledge related to lack of equipment. The first theme described the environmental hazards the nurses were exposed to in their proffession. The second described the relationship between knowledge, lack of equipment and stress.

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Shao, Qinglong. "Recession, working time and environmental pressure: econometric contributions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405659.

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El objetivo principal de esta tesis es investigar los efectos del tiempo de trabajo y la recesión económica sobre el medio ambiente y especialmente sobre las emisiones de carbono. Esto se lleva a cabo a través de cinco estudios originales. Los dos primeros análisis (capítulos 2 y 3) examinan el impacto de la recesión económica sobre las emisiones de carbono y los flujos de materiales. El primer estudio demuestra que globalmente al menos unos 31.34 Gt de emisiones de CO2 han sido evitadas debido a recesiones económicas desde 1960. Las recesiones son el factor más determinante de las reducciones de carbono, pero su efecto por sí solo no marcará la diferencia en el objetivo de mantener en menos de 2°C el incremento global de temperatura. El segundo estudio, basado en un análisis histórico de datos de panel de 150 países, encuentra que los períodos de recesión están significativamente asociados con la desmaterialización absoluta. Sin embargo, cuanto mayor fue el crecimiento del PIB, menos significativa fue la correlación. La correlación significativa desaparece cuando la tasa de crecimiento supera al 2%. Los minerales y metales utilizados a granel para la construcción parecen ser más sensibles a las fluctuaciones económicas que la biomasa y los combustibles fósiles. Las tres contribuciones siguientes (capítulos 4, 5 y 6) investigan posibles relaciones lineales y no lineales entre las horas de trabajo y la presión medioambiental. El tercer estudio encuentra una correlación negativa significativa entre el tiempo de trabajo y la presión ambiental para los países desarrollados, lo que contradice estudios previos, según los cuales la reducción del tiempo de trabajo mejora el medio ambiente. El cuarto estudio avanza el análisis dividiendo una muestra mundial en grupos de países desarrollados y en desarrollo y dividiendo el período de investigación en dos fases, antes y después del año 2000. Los resultados no muestran una correlación significativa entre el tiempo de trabajo y la carga medioambiental en las economías en desarrollo; no obstante, en las economías desarrolladas se produce un "efecto rebote". La relación significativa entre las horas de trabajo y la presión medioambiental pasa de positiva a negativa después del año 2000, en parte debido a que las personas que viven en países más ricos prefieren actividades de elevado consumo energético en sus horas de ocio, como viajar largas distancias en coche o hacer vacaciones en el extranjero. Sobre la base de estos hallazgos, el quinto y último estudio concluye que hasta 2010, entre los países de la UE15, una nueva reducción del tiempo de trabajo en Dinamarca, Alemania, Francia y los Países Bajos puede comenzar a dañar el medio ambiente.
The main aim of this thesis is to investigate the effects of working time and economic recession on the environment, especially on carbon emissions. This is attained through five original studies. The first two analyses (chapter 2 and 3) examine the impact of economic recession on carbon emissions and material flows. The first study concludes that on a global scale, at least 31.34 Gt of CO2 emissions have been avoided due to economic recessions since 1960. Recessions are the most determinant factor of carbon reductions, but their effect alone is not sufficient to meet the objective of staying below a 2°C global temperature change. The second study, based on a historical panel data analysis of 150 countries, finds that periods of recession are significantly associated with absolute dematerialization. However, the higher the growth of GDP, the less significant we have found the correlation to be. The significant correlation disappears when the growth rate is higher than 2%. Minerals and metals used in bulk for construction appear to be more sensitive to economic fluctuations than biomass and fossil fuels. The next three contributions (chapters 4, 5 and 6) investigate possible linear as well as non-linear relationships between hours of work and environmental pressure. The third study finds a significant negative correlation between working time and environmental pressure for developed countries, which is contrary to prior research, according to which shorter working hours improve the environment. The fourth study advances the analysis by dividing a world sample into developed and developing country groups and splitting the research period into two phases, before and after the year 2000. The results show no significant correlation between working time and environmental burden in developing economies, however in their developed counterparts, a “rebound effect” occurs. The significant relationship between hours of work and environmental pressure turns from positive to negative after 2000, partly because residents in wealthier countries prefer more energy-intensive activities in their leisure time, such as long-distance car traveling or vacations abroad. Based on these findings, the fifth and final study concludes that until 2010, among the EU-15 countries, further reductions in working hours in Denmark, Germany, France and the Netherlands may start having a negative impact on the environment.

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Lindmark, Camilla. "Beliefs about motivation and work with quality, environment and working environment in small organisations." Licentiate thesis, Luleå, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18399.

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Three small organisations in Sweden were studied in order to describe found motives for and against work with quality, environment and working environment among people in a small organisation. Some motives for work within the three areas mainly expressed beliefs about increased production results and increased psychological well-being of people. The work was also thought to have a positive impact on the organisation in terms of coping with changes in the surrounding. Arguments why small organisations do not work within the three areas mainly regarded decreased productivity. Lack of motivation, as well as not enough knowledge, was believed to hinder the work. Every person, at the studied organisations, seemed to be aware of why they do things at work and seemed to make individual mediation among given alternatives about work within the three areas. Dependent on to what extent the organisation had communicated goals and methods for the work, different conditions within the organisation tended to effect the prioritisation of work with quality, environment and working environment.

Godkänd; 1999; 20070404 (ysko)

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Boumenir, Yasmine. "Navigation spatiale en milieu urbain réel ou virtuel : performances et traitement multisensoriel de l'information spatiale chez les voyants, malvoyants et aveugles congénitaux ou tardifs." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20060.

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Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons mené trois études sur le terrain et/ou en laboratoire pour comparer l'importance relative de la géométrie des routes, représentée visuellement ou tactilement en deux dimensions, des informations multidimensionnelles extraites sur la base d'une visite directe du monde réel, et des informations symboliques indirectes sur les lieux par le biais d' instructions verbales, dans la construction de représentations spatiales chez l'homme, lui permettant de naviguer de mémoire dans des environnements complexes et non-familiers. Ces expériences ont permis de mettre en lumière certains aspects multidimensionnels et multi-sensoriels dans le traitement cognitif des informations spatiales et l'influence de celui-ci sur les performances d'hommes et de femmes, qui avaient pour tâche de retrouver de mémoire un itinéraire donné dans un milieu urbain non familier. Les résultats montrent clairement que des informations relatives aux repères visuels, transmises au moyen de séquences d'images panoramiques des itinéraires étudiés, sont inutilisables par un navigateur s'il ne dispose pas d'informations valides sur les distances relatives entre ces repères dans le monde réel (expérience 1). L'influence d'une exposition au préalable à un plan 2D visuel ou tactile des itinéraires a été comparé avec celle d'une expérience directe au moyen d'une visite guidée, ou indirecte au moyen d'indications verbales, sur les performances de navigation de personnes voyantes (expérience 1 et 2), déficientes visuelles (expérience 3), ou voyantes mais privées temporairement de leur vision (expérience 3) dans des environnements urbains à grande échelle. Les tests ont été réalisés en milieu réel (expériences 1 et 3) et virtuel (expérience 2) généré par ordinateur (Google Street View). Les performances ont été analysées en termes de temps du point de départ au point d'arrivée, nombre d'arrêts, nombre d'erreurs et taux de succès. Les stratégies potentiellement employées durant la navigation sont mis en avant sur la base des réponses des sujets à un questionnaire standardisé ; leurs capacités individuelles de se représenter l'environnement exploré sous forme d'images mentales a été évaluée sur la base de dessins. Les niveaux subjectifs de stress psychologique ont été mesurés pour mettre en évidences des différences possibles entre l'homme et la femme à cet égard. Les données ici montrent, d'une part, qu'une exploration rapide de représentations virtuelles correctement mises à l'échelle d'un environnement complexe permet aux sujets de retrouver cet itinéraire sans problème dans le milieu réel (expérience 2). Les personnes aveugles de naissance compensent l'absence de repères visuels dans la navigation efficacement par la mémorisation d'informations géométriques sur la base d'une brève exploration d'un plan tactile des itinéraires étudiés ici. Les sujets voyants privés de repères visuels, par contre, ne sont pas instantanément capables d'une telle compensation (expérience 3). Les résultats de ce travail sont discutés ici à la lumière des hypothèses actuelles sur la nature intrinsèque des représentations spatiales chez l'homme et placés ici dans le contexte d'un modèle de la mémoire de travail. Nous suggérons que cette dernière comprend des sous-systèmes multidimensionnels de stockage temporaire, capables de traiter en parallèle une multitude d'entrées sensorielles avec une capacité beaucoup plus grande que précédemment postulé dans le modèle classique de la mémoire de travail, qui présume un traitement sériel d'informations à capacité limitée. Un tel modèle est globalement mis en question par les résultats de cette thèse, qui ouvre une porte importante aux recherches futures sur le traitement cognitif d'informations spatiales chez l'homme dans un monde en perpétuel changement.Mots-clés : Environnements à grandes échelles – perception – traitement multi-sensoriel – représentation spatiale – navigation – humain
Previous studies investigating how humans build reliable spatial knowledge representations allowing them to find their way from one point to another in complex environments have been focused on comparing the relative importance of the two-dimensional visual geometry of routes and intersections, multi-dimensional data from direct exposure with the real world, or verbal symbols and/or instructions. This thesis sheds further light on the multi-dimensional and multi-sensorial aspects by investigating how the cognitive processing of spatial information derived from different sources of sensory and higher order input influences the performance of human observers who have to find their way from memory through complex and non-familiar real-world environments. Three experiments in large-scale urban environments of the real world, and in computer generated representations of these latter (Google Street View), were run to investigate the influence of prior exposure to 2D visual or tactile maps of an itinerary, compared with a single direct experience or verbal instructions, on navigation performances in sighted and/or visually deficient individuals, and in individuals temporarily deprived of vision. Performances were analyzed in terms of time from departure to destination, number of stops, number of wrong turns, and success rates. Potential strategies employed by individuals during navigation and mental mapping abilities were screened on the basis of questionnaires and drawing tests. Subjective levels of psychological stress (experiment 2) were measured to bring to the fore possible differences between men and women in this respect. The results of these experiments show that 2D visual maps, briefly explored prior to navigation, generate better navigation performances compared with poorly scaled virtual representations of a complex real-world environment (experiment 1), the best performances being produced by a single prior exposure to the real-world itinerary. However, brief familiarization with a reliably scaled virtual representation of a non-familiar real-world environment (Google Street View) not only generates optimal navigation in computer generated testing (virtual reality), but also produces better navigation performances when tested in the real-world environment and compared with prior exposure to 2D visual maps (experiment 2). Congenitally blind observers (experiment 3) who have to find their way from memory through a complex non-familiar urban environment perform swiftly and with considerable accuracy after exposure to a 2D tactile map of their itinerary. They are also able to draw a visual image of their itinerary on the basis of the 2D tactile map exposure. Other visually deficient or sighted but blindfolded individuals seem to have greater difficulty in finding their way again than congenitally blind people, regardless of the type of prior exposure to their test itinerary. The findings of this work here are discussed in the light of current hypotheses regarding the presumed intrinsic nature of human spatial representations, replaced herein within a context of working memory models. It is suggested that multi-dimensional temporary storage systems, capable of processing a multitude of sensory input in parallel and with a much larger general capacity than previously considered in terms of working memory limits, need to be taken into account for future research.Keywords: large scale environments – perception – multisensory processing - spatial representation – navigation - human

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Lor, Chou. "Potential ergonomic problems in the working environment at XYZ company." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000lorc.pdf.

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Kenda, Natasha, and Marina Bosnjak. "Preschool teacher, working environment and stress Statements from preschool teachers." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-27172.

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Detta arbete handlar om förskollärares uppfattningar av stress och arbetsmiljö i ljuset av de kraftigt ökade sjukskrivningstalen för förskollärare på grund av psykisk ohälsa. Syftet var att få fördjupad kunskap om förskolan som arbetsmiljö, så som den uppfattas av förskollärarna och då särskilt vad förskollärarna uppfattar som stressframkallande respektive vad som förhindrar stress. Arbetet avgränsades av två forskningsfrågor: Vad upplever förskollärare som stressfram-kallande i sitt arbete och på sin arbetsplats? Vad uppfattar förskollärarna kan minska den upplevda stressen?För att få fram svar på våra forskningsfrågor användes kvalitativa intervjuer av sex förskollärare i Malmö. För att analysera vårt resultat valde vi teorier som behandlar dels det psykosociala perspektivet och dels krav och kontroll perspektivet. Resultatet av arbetet visade att förskollärare upplever stress med olika situationer och många av de situationer som omnämndes av de intervjuade var överensstämmande med varandra. Studien visade även att förskollärarna utvecklade olika strategier för att motverka stress och för att kunna släppa den efter en arbetsdag. Studien påvisade även att det inte är de stora barngrupperna i sig, som är förskollärares mest stressande faktor, utan att det är stora barngrupper tillsammans med höga krav, som gör det stressande. Förskollärarna var här överens om att detta gör att många sjukskriver sig. Även bristen på personal utgör en påtaglig stressfaktor. Viktiga faktorer för att förhindra och/eller minska den påtalade stressen utgör ett bra arbetslag, en förstående chef och organisatoriska åtgärder som att dela in barngrupperna i mindre grupper. De intervjuade förskollärarna framhåller alla, mer eller mindre, att detta var olika sätt att minska stressen på.

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Morrison, Selwyn Hilary. "Factors influencing employee perceptions of a post-merger working environment." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1604.

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Higher Education in the late 1990’s experienced significant problems with capacity due to many black students applying to enter previously white institutions (Jansen, 2002:159). The main concern of the new ANC government was the status of historically black institutions. They were unstable due to the migration away from black to white universities and technikons. This reduced their financial status and viability. In addition, the anticipated huge increase in black enrolments in higher education had not materialised (Finweek Survey, February 2009). In order to overcome both of these problems, the then Minister of Education decided to press ahead with a merger programme aimed at reducing the number of higher education institutions from 36 to 21 (Jansen, 2002:6). The primary objective of this research is to investigate the factors that influence employee perceptions of a post-merger Working Environment and Organisational Commitment: a case study of the administration staff in the Finance Department at Walter Sisulu University. There seems to be a lack of efficiently and effectiveness in the he operations of the Finance Department of Walter Sisulu University which this research will investigate through finding solutions to factors of improving the relationship between employee perceptions of their post-merger Working Environment and their Organisational Commitment. This exploratory study collected primary data through the distribution of questionnaires to 59 employees from the Finance Department at the Walter Susulu University, with a 69.12% response rate. The survey included closed questions that were analysed using statistical techniques. The findings revealed overall low scores of 31% for employee perception of their post – merger Working Environment and 50.21% for Organisational Commitment, together with its sub-dimension Affective, Continuance and normative. These scores are disturbing and need to be urgently addressed by the management of the Institution. The implication of the Finance staff’s low perception of their post – merger Working Environment and organisation Commitment is that the institution’s goals will be difficult to be fulfilled due to the low morale of the staff and the non-conducive working conditions. The Institution’s Management should be more transparent, more trustworthy, and more supportive towards staff members and have a good overall communication strategy.

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Arnaut, Nemanja. "Leadership as Practice within a Remote Working Environment : Interview Study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-454547.

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The world is in a pandemic situation. Shifting to remote working has become a priority for many companies and remote work has become new normal. In doing so, industrial organizations are experiencing new challenges. Moving to the online way of working, new working conditions and different practical challenges they bring have created empirical context highly relevant for studying leadership which is currently a hot topic among scholars. Almost all studies, in the context of remote working, emphasize the importance of leadership. Nevertheless, it is argued that the most recent literature and work on leadership have remained the leader-centered approach highly employed within traditional leadership literature. The leader-centered approach focuses on individual leaders and their traits, abilities, and actions, and thus contributes to placing the abstract phenomenon of leadership into distinct individuals, thereby supporting the taken-for-granted assumption that leadership is a single-person, heroic, task. Instead, scholars call for more studies that investigate leadership as ongoing social production of direction through constructions of space of action by actors in certain practice/practices. This emergent movement in leadership research is known as leadership as practice. Accordingly, the aim of this thesis is to investigate leadership within the remote working environment, from leadership as practice perspective and through the construction of actors’ space of action. This includes an analysis of current leadership practices in relation to the construction of space of action as well as the analysis of practices that might potentially contribute to improving the current ones in doing so. An interview study has been carried out at the three companies in Serbia, Germany, and the UK with a qualitative approach. The thesis builds on a theoretical framework and empirical data that have been collected through an extensive literature review and semi-structured interviews using an open-ended interview guide. The result suggests that the current leadership practices are narrowing down the space of action. Also, the analysis of empirical data revealed that certain leadership practices have the potential to contribute to the construction of space of action within a remote working environment. The thesis’s insights might help companies to improve their own practices.

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Vileisis, Ann E. "Working on Desert Rails: A Social and Environmental History." DigitalCommons@USU, 1992. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4691.

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Focusing on the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railway from Grand Junction, Colorado to Green River, Utah, this study examines the working circumstances of nineteenth-century railroad laborers, the ecological limitations of the isolating desert where they worked, and their relations with railroad management and local communities. It begins by investigating the experiences of the railroad surveyors and construction laborers. The study then examines the experiences of workers' response to labor organization in the communities of Green River, Utah and Grand Junction, Colorado. The study identifies ecological changes spawned by the railroad and addresses issues of worker autonomy and labor organization in the American West in the late nineteenth century.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Working environments'

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