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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Working class – Russia – History'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Russell, John. "The role of socialist competition in establishing labour discipline in the Soviet working class, 1928-1934." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1987. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1290/.

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Between 1928 and 1934 Soviet society experienced what amounted to two industrial revolutions: the adaptation of a largely non-industrial working population to industry and the introduction of new technologies and methods of management. These radical changes inevitably gave rise to problems of labour discipline, expressed most graphically in soaring rates of labour turnover and absenteeism. These problems were exacerbated by the pace, intensity and scope of Soviet industrialisation and by the social policies that accompanied this drive. As in any such process these problems had to be tackled by utilising a blend of measures based on compulsion, conviction and incentive. The present work examines the blend employed by the Soviet regime during the period under review to stimulate, in the shortest possible time scale, a general will for industrialisation and, having established that will and destroyed opposition to it, channel the energies thus generated into the desired directions. The distinctive element in this blend is identified as socialist competition, which the regime utilised to stimulate support for and stifle opposition to industrialisation, and, subsequently, to raise work skills to the level required by the modern industry being constructed. Moreover, socialist competition allowed the regime to implement a management system geared to the maximum priority of production interests, while preserving a commitment, albeit in abstract terms, to the concept of a workers' state.

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2

Charlton, John Douglas. "Working class structure and working class politics in Britain 1950." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303518.

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3

Quinney, Nigel Peter. "Edwardian militarism and working class youth." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385630.

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4

Wilson, Karen. "Aspects of solidarity between middle-class and working-class women 1880-1903." Thesis, Keele University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293991.

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5

Guha, Ray Siddhartha. "Calcutta tramwaymen : a study of working class history /." Kolkata : Progressive, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41066944d.

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6

Childs, Michael James 1956. "Working class youth in late Victorian and Edwardian England." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74015.

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7

Scott, Gillian. "The working class women's most active and democratic movement." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236239.

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8

Franklin, Adrian. "Privatism, the home and working class culture : a life history approach." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310274.

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9

Cherry, Janet. "The making of an African working class: Port Elizabeth 1925-1963." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17243.

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Bibliography: pages 231-239.
The thesis examines the 'making' of an african working class in Port Elizabeth. It offers an alternative interpretation to conventional histories which emphasize continuity both in the idea of a strong industrial working class and in a tradition of militant and effective worker organisation. At the same time, it posits the idea that there was a working-class movement which developed among Port Elizabeth's african community in the late 1940's and 1950's. Chapter 1 examines population growth in Port Elizabeth, the growth of secondary industry, and employment opportunities for africans. It is argued that limited opportunities for african employment in secondary industry affected the forms of working-class organisation that emerged. Chapter 2 examines the situation of the urban african population in the 1920's and 1930's, looking at factors which influenced its organisation and consciousness. The low wages paid to african workers were not challenged effectively in this period by the Industrial and Commercial Workers Union which had declined by the mid-1920's, or the Trades and Labour Council which did not organise african workers. However, the permanently urbanised status of the majority of the african population laid the basis for a militant community consciousness. Chapter 3 analyses attempts to organise african workers during the Second World War. It focusses on Wage Board determinations. the first african trade unions formed by the Ballingers and Max Gordon, the organisation of the Council of Non-European Trade Unions and the Trades and Labour Council, and the organisation of railway workers. It is argued that these attempts at organising african labour were largely unsuccessful in building strong industrial unions with an african leadership. Chapter 4 looks at the rise of the 'new unions' in the post-war period, when african workers were drawn into manufacturing on a large scale, and an african working-class leadership began to emerge. The response to this from the state, capital and other trade unions is examined through looking at the struggles of workers in four sectors: stevedoring, laundry, textiles and food. These sectors are contrasted with the tertiary sector where organisation of african workers was weak. Chapter 5 examines the politics of reproduction of the african working class between 1 945 and 1960. It looks at changes in the nature of the African National Congress and the Communist Party of South Africa, and at innovative strategies around issues of reproduction. The role of women's organisation and their struggle against the extension of pass laws is highlighted, and it is posited that a working class movement developed in this period. Chapter 6 analyses the application of influx control in Port Elizabeth in the 1950's, and the conflict of interests over the implementation of the labour bureau system. It examines the divisions in the african working class between migrants and non-migrants, and the response of different sections of the working class. Chapter 7 looks at the role of the South African Congress of Trade Unions. It is argued that the integration of point-of-production struggles with community and political struggles was the outcome of the position of african workers in industry combined with strong political organisation in the 'sphere of reproduction'. Changes in the structural position of african workers combined with political repression led to the collapse of this working class movement in the early 1960's.

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10

Starkey, Joseph. "Renouncing the left : working-class conservatism in France, 1930-1939." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/72795/.

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Histories of the working class in France have largely ignored the existence of working-class conservatism. This is particularly true of histories of the interwar period. Yet, there were an array of Catholic and right-wing groups during these years that endeavoured to bring workers within their orbit. Moreover, many workers judged that their interests were better served by these groups. This thesis explores the participation of workers in Catholic and right-wing groups during the 1930s. What did these groups claim to offer workers within the wider context of their ideological goals? In which ways did conservative workers understand and express their interests, and why did they identify the supposed ‘enemies of the left’ as the best means of defending them? What was the daily experience of conservative workers like, and how did this experience contribute to the formation of 'non-left' political identities? These questions are addressed in a study of the largest Catholic and right-wing groups in France during the 1930s. This thesis argues that, during a period of left-wing ascendancy, these groups made the recruitment of workers a top priority. To this end, they harnessed particular elements of mass political culture and adapted them to their own ideological ends. However, the ideology of these groups did not simply reflect the interests of the workers that supported them. This thesis argues that the interests of conservative workers were a rational and complex product of their own experience. They were formed by a large range of materials, from preconceived attitudes to issues such as gender and race, to the everyday experience of bullying and intimidation on the factory floor. This thesis shows that workers could conceive of their interests in a number of different ways, and chose from a range of different groups to try and further them.

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11

Morrill, Richard Brooke. ""Warriors of the Working-day" Class in Shakespeare's Second Historical Trilogy." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MorrillRB2004.pdf.

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12

Hobbs, Mark. "Visual representations of working-class Berlin, 1924–1930." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2182/.

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This thesis examines the urban topography of Berlin’s working-class districts, as seen in the art, architecture and other images produced in the city between 1924 and 1930. During the 1920s, Berlin flourished as centre of modern culture. Yet this flourishing did not exist exclusively amongst the intellectual elites that occupied the city centre and affluent western suburbs. It also extended into the proletarian districts to the north and east of the city. Within these areas existed a complex urban landscape that was rich with cultural tradition and artistic expression. This thesis seeks to redress the bias towards the centre of Berlin and its recognised cultural currents, by exploring the art and architecture found in the city’s working-class districts. The thesis adopts Henri Lefebvre’s premise that each society creates its own space in which it lives, works, and sustains its cultural identity. On this basis, working-class culture and the spaces in which it was practiced, are treated with equal weight. The thesis begins by examining how the laissez-faire economics of the German Empire (1871–1914), combined with a massive influx of rural migrants into Berlin, creating a complex industrial landscape, whose working-class inhabitants retained many pastoral traditions. The thesis moves on to study the works of a number of artists active in Berlin between 1924 and 1930, using examples of their work to examine the unique nature of the working-class districts, and the culture and traditions that took place within them. The second half of the thesis explores the working-class districts from an explicitly political perspective. The extensive house building programme that took place across Berlin throughout the twenties is explored in all its varied and conflicting political perspectives. What emerges is a picture of a growing schism between Berlin’s Social Democratic government, and Communist supporters in the working-class districts. 1929 emerges as a critical year in which political contestations of space between the two parties and their supporters reached new levels of hostility, as working-class culture clashed against Social Democratic urban policy.

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Segars, Terry. "The fire service : the social history of a uniformed working-class occupation." Thesis, University of Essex, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235631.

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14

Scriven, Thomas. "Activism and the everyday : the practices of radical working-class politics, 1830-1842." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/activism-and-the-everyday-the-practices-of-radical-workingclass-politics-18301842(499e8040-fc6d-4711-904e-b86cf257d3a4).html.

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This thesis will re-evaluate the Chartist movement through research into day-to-day practice in four areas: sociability, material networks, gender and political subjectivity. It will demonstrate that Chartism's activism and the everyday lives of its members were indistinct. In the early years of the movement and the years preceding it, activism and political thought engaged with the quotidian to successfully build a movement that was not only relevant to but an integral part of people's everyday lives. This thesis will analyse how this interaction was not limited to Chartist activists politicising everyday grievances, but also how day-to-day practices and relationships contributed to the infrastructure, intellectual culture and political programme of the movement. This thesis will make original contributions to a number of debates. It challenges the dominant view of Chartism as first and foremost a political movement distinct from its social conditions. It will be argued that this dichotomy between the political and the social cannot be sustained, and it will be shown that activists were most successful when they drew from and were part of society. It will criticise the related trend in studies of Chartism and Radicalism to focus on political identity, meaning and forms of communication. It will argue that these topics are valuable, but need to be seen within a wider existential framework and integrated with an approach that sees cultural activity as one part of a range of activities. As such, it will illustrate the ways that cultural practices are bound with social relationships. Following this, it will make the case for practice to be looked at not just in symbolic or ritualistic terms but also in terms of day-to-day activities that were crucial for the development and maintenance of political movements. It will be argued that prosaic, mundane and day-to-day activities are integral aspects of social movements and as such are worthwhile areas of research. Finally, it will add to our understanding of Chartism by providing biographical information on Henry Vincent, an under-researched figure, and the south west and west of England, under-researched regions. This thesis is organised into two parts. The first will follow the work of activists in developing Chartism in the south west of England from the end of the Swing Riots until the Chartist Convention of 1839. Here it will be argued that Chartism relied upon a close and intensive interaction between activists and the communities they were politicising, with the result being that the movement was coloured by the politics, intellectual culture and practices of those communities. The second section will look at how the private lives and social networks of individual activists were integral to their political ideas, rhetoric and capacity to work as activists. Correspondence, documents produced by the state, the radical press and the internal records of the Chartist movement all shed light on the way everyday life and political thought and action merged.

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15

DeGenaro, William. "The junior college movement: Corporate education for the working class." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289774.

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The working class, largely excluded from college life before the twentieth century, obtained access to higher education through the two-year college movement, which began in 1901. "Junior colleges," a name that education scholars at elite universities invented to denote the new institutions, grew out of a desire to put higher education in service to business interests. Junior colleges trained industrial workers and provided transfer to four-year colleges for the most qualified students. Through tools such as first-year composition curricula and active guidance counseling programs, junior colleges frequently attempted to teach students lessons in competition, individuality, and meritocracy. Leaders of the movement feared social unrest would result from burgeoning labor movements and the rapid influx of immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe and constructed disciplinary devices to squelch elements they perceived to be subversive and dangerous. Furthermore, leaders of the movement enjoyed support for their regressive ideology in the popular press, which legitimated the movement and helped to manufacture a need for the brands of education (e.g., vocationalism) the junior college came to promulgate.

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16

Bryson, Rebecca Jane. "Working-class living standards in the West Yorkshire town of Huddersfield, 1870-1914." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338615.

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17

Davis, John W. "'The Uplifting Game' : nonconformity and the working class in South Lambeth 1884-1903." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357520.

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18

Mathieu, Jean-Philip. "Quebec City's Ship Carpenters, 1840 to 1893: Working Class Self-Organization on the Waterfront." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28587.

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In the mid-nineteenth century, the construction of wooden sailing vessels became the single most important employer in Quebec City. Thousands of people worked as shipwrights in the shipbuilding industry, but ship carpenters were the backbone of the trade. These workers displayed an extraordinary capacity for mobilization, being responsible for some of Canada's earliest labour organizations, starting in 1840 with the Societe amicale et bienveillante des charpentiers de vaisseaux de Quebec. This study demonstrates that ship carpenters' impressive capacity for organization was the result of the trade's remarkable ethnic homogeneity, as no less than 90% of ship carpenters were French Canadian, and most lived together in the working class suburb of Saint Roch. This homogeneity allowed ship carpenters to avoid the bitter internecine conflict that plagued the early labour movement, and allowed them to become part of the vanguard of the Canadian working class.

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19

Sayer, Karen Anne. "'Girls into demons' : nineteenth century representations of English working class women employed in agriculture." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316811.

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20

Chinn, Carl. "The anatomy of a working-class neighbourhood : West Sparkbrook 1871-1914." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1986. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/239/.

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This thesis explores the premise that during the late Victorian and Edwardian eras there existed a significant and influential division within the working class of England's industrial towns and cities. This division, based largely on economic factors to do with the size and regularity of earnings, manifested itself first in the type and locality of residence, which in turn emphasised and reinforced the division of the working class into an upper section of better-paid usually more skilled and regularly-employed and a lower, poorer section of the low-waged and casually employed. Whilst it is not suggested that this produced "working classes" rather than "a working class", it did, nevertheless, result in two sections among the wage-earning class whose members pursued in many significant ways quite different ways of life. Economic differences allied to residential segregation meant that each section: developed different notions of such concepts as "rough" and "respectable" and did not by any means share beliefs as to what constituted acceptable or "deviant" behaviour. These and other questions are pursued by an examination of the years from 1871 to 1914 in the Birmingham neighbourhood of West Sparkbrook. The chronology has been set to make possible the use of census material and oral evidence, and the neighbourhood was chosen because, although it was in these years mainly an area of middle and upper working class housing, it had within it clearly differentiated pockets of lower working class housing, and so makes significant comparisons possible. After an examination of the growth of West Sparkbrook as a residential district, an analysis has been made of the institutions, habits and behaviour of the people of the district. Documentary, archival and oral evidence has been called on to examine the cultural schism in a number of exemplary areas. Differences in housing, schooling, working and shopping have been considered, and attitudes towards drinking, gambling and fighting. The differing roles and responsibilities within the family of men, women and children have been shown in the different groups, as well as leisure behaviour and the role of religion and of religious and charitable institutions in the lives of the community. From this picture emerges a clearer idea of the limits imposed on behaviour by the notions of "rough" and "respectable", and the extent to which these notions were developed by each group within its specific social, economic and cultural environment.

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Bloodworth, Jeff. "Farewell to the vital center : a history of American liberalism, 1968-1980 /." View abstract, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3214003.

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22

Fisher, Jo. "Uncovering a history of working-class feminism in Argentina : 'ni marvjas, ni marimachos'." Thesis, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392352.

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23

Chan, U. Wai. "An autonomous and unautonomous body : the making of Macau's female working class, 1957-1989." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2590567.

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24

Gibbs, Patricia Anne. "A social history of white working class women in industrializing Port Elizabeth, 1917-1936." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002395.

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The study period saw a significant increase in the urbanisation of whites and blacks in Port Elizabeth induced by droughts and coercive legislation, but also by burgeoning industrialisation. Industry had been given great stimulus by World War 1 and maintained by protectionist legislation in the 1920s which the local state and industrialists came to endorse. The ethos of the town was overwhelmingly British in terms of the population, the composition of the local council, business interests and the prevailing culture. Whites formed the largest component of the population in Port Elizabeth during the inter-war years. The majority of white women lived in the North End, the industrial hub and a major working class area of the city. Although the provision of housing was initially neglected, economic and subeconomic housing in the 1930s helped to create both racial separation and a sense of community between sectors of the working class. Yet, white working class women did not form a homogenous group, but rather consisted of different ethnic groups, occupations and classes. The Afrikaans speaking sector, formed a significant component of the industrial labour force especially in the leather, food and beverage and clothing industries. In a centre where white labour was favoured and marketed as an advantage to outside investors, they rapidly displaced coloured women. The female workforce was basically young, underpaid (especially in comparison to wages on the Rand) and temporary. While white women were still in evidence in other occupations such as domestic work and in the informal sector, their numbers here steadily diminished as both racial segregation and municipal regulation, were implemented. Against a background of chaotic social conditions, large slum areas and the spread of infectious diseases, the local council did much to improve health services particularly for women and children. Poor relief instituted in 1919 was, however, less forthcoming and female - headed households were often left to rely on the services of local welfare organisations. The extended family, however, was the norm affording support against atomization. Although pressurised by social ills throughout the period, the family was increasingly buttressed by state assistance. Prevailing morality was likewise actively constructed in terms of legislative repression and racial division. This often lead to social aberrations such as infanticide which was only reduced by the increase of state assistance and, in the longer term, social mobility of the whites.

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25

McLean, Lorna Ruth. "Home, yard and neighbourhood: Women's work and the urban working-class family economy, Ottawa, 1871." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5891.

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This thesis examines the work of married women in working-class families in Ottawa in 1871. It demonstrates that home production by women for consumption, sale and/or exchange, together with arrangements of household structures, made a primary and fundamental contribution to the survival of the family unit. Women laboured and their labour was vital. Using the 1871 manuscript census, the study analysed the myriad of ways that married women utilized their available resources to reduce expenditures and to increase the wage-based family income. It was the work of women that provided some protection against the insecurity of inadequate wages, seasonal employment, illness or death.

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26

McBee, Randy D. "Struggling, petting, muzzling, mushing, loving, fondling, feeling or whatever you wish to call it : a social history of working-class heterosexuality in the United States, 1890s-1930s /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9821329.

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27

Moore, S. "Women, industrialisation and protest in Bradford, West Yorkshire, 1780-1845." Thesis, University of Essex, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377084.

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28

Wise, Nathan History &amp Philosophy Faculty of Arts &amp Social Sciences UNSW. "A working man???s hell: working class men's experiences with work in the Australian imperial force during the Great War." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of History and Philosophy, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/32462.

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Historical analyses of soldiers in the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) during the Great War have focused overwhelming on combat experiences and the environment of the trenches. By contrast, little consideration has been made of the non-combat experiences of these individuals, or of the time they spent behind the front lines. Far from military experiences revolving around combat and trench warfare, the letters, diaries, and memoirs of working class men suggest that daily life for the rank and file actually revolved around work, and in particular manual labour. Through a focus on working class men???s experiences in the AIF during the Great War, this dissertation seeks to discover more about these experiences with work in an attempt to understand the broader aspects of life in the military. In this environment of daily work, many working class men also came to approach military service as a job of work, and they carried over the mentalities of the civilian workplace into their daily life in the military. This dissertation thus seeks to understand how workplace cultures were transferred from civilian workplaces into the military. It explores working class men???s approaches towards daily work in two different theatres of war, Gallipoli and the Western Front, in order to highlight the significance of work within military life. Furthermore, it evaluates aspects of this workplace culture, such as relations with employers, the use of workplace skills, and the implementation of industrial relations methods, to understand the continuities between the lives of civilians and soldiers. Finally, this dissertation is not a military history: it adopts a culturalist approach towards the lives of people in the AIF, and in the environment of the Great War, in an effort to place the military experiences of these working class men within the context of their broader civilian lives.

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Andrew, Alison. "The working class and education in Preston 1830-1870 : a study of social relations." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/7697.

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Simonton, Deborah. "The education and training of eighteenth-century English girls, with special reference to the working class." Thesis, University of Essex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278418.

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Davies, Robert Samuel Walter. "Differentiation in the working class, class consciousness, and development of the Labour Party in Liverpool up to 1939." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1993. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4943/.

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Wemp, Brian. "The Grands Magasins Dufayel, the working class, and the origins of consumer culture in Paris, 1880-1916." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103494.

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France's transition from an agrarian-aristocratic to an industrial-consumer society accelerated in the late nineteenth century due to important innovations in the retail industry. The department store introduced fixed prices and rapid turnover of goods, making consumption easier and faster. These innovations were then spread to the working class of Paris at the Grands Magasins Dufayel. The store became more than merely a retail destination, however, as it supplied a form of leisure space and consumer entertainment in the working-class area of northern Paris. It also diffused advertising promoting a vision of a future consumer society in which the working class would enjoy greater material wealth and social opportunities, rendering traditional paternalism obsolete. In spite of its prominence in late nineteenth-century Paris, however, the Dufayel department store has been largely dismissed by current historiography which sees the advent of consumer culture as a fundamentally bourgeois phenomenon. But by considering the Dufayel experiment on its own terms rather than as an imitation of bourgeois consumer culture we gain new insights on several aspects of late nineteenth-century consumer culture. We learn that in many ways the bourgeoisie was ambivalent with respect to the emergence of consumer culture, seeking whenever possible products or advertisements that hid their mass-produced origin. In this light the department store itself, far from being a tool for the dissemination of bourgeois values, was often a threat to those values, and its elaborate advertising was needed to distract the bourgeois shopper from this fact. Bourgeois ambivalence about consumer culture was expressed in the outbreak of food-adulteration anxiety in the late nineteenth-century press, when consumer culture was associated with the decline in quality and, more importantly, the loss of authenticity in French food. Finally we are able to see how one example of consumer technology--the phonograph--triumphed in turn-of-the-century Paris because promoters were able to exploit class divisions in order to shape the public into a common consumer market.
La transformation de la France d'une nation agraire et aristocratique à une société de consommation industrielle s'est accélérée en fin du XIXe siècle en raison d'importantes innovations dans le secteur commercial. Le grand magasin a introduit les prix fixes et les taux de rotation rapide des marchandises, ce qui a rendu la consommation plus facile et plus rapide. Ces innovations ont ensuite été étendues à la classe ouvrière de Paris aux Grands Magasins Dufayel. Le magasin est devenu plus qu'une simple destination de détail en fournissant de l'espace de loisir et de divertissement dans les quartiers populaires du nord de Paris. Il a également diffusé la publicité proposant une vision de la société de consommation future dans laquelle la classe ouvrière bénéficierait d'une nouvelle richesse matérielle ainsi que des opportunités sociales, rendant obsolète le paternalisme traditionnel. En dépit de son importance à la fin du XIXe siècle, Dufayel a été largement ignoré par l'historiographie actuelle qui voit la culture de la consommation comme un phénomène fondamentalement bourgeois. Mais en considérant l'expérience Dufayel selon ses propres termes, plutôt que comme une imitation de la culture bourgeoise, nous pouvons acquérir de nouvelles connaissances sur plusieurs aspects de la culture de consommation à la fin du XIXe siècle. Nous apprenons que de nombreuses façons la bourgeoisie était ambivalente à l'égard de la culture de consommation, recherchant les produits ou les publicités qui déguisait leur origine industrielle. Dans cette perspective le grand magasin lui-même, loin d'être un outil pour la diffusion des valeurs bourgeoises, a souvent menacé ces valeurs; sa publicité était un moyen de détourner l'acheteur bourgeois de ce fait. Cette ambivalence a été exprimée dans la presse du XIXe siècle sous la forme de l'anxiété à propos du frelatage alimentaire quand la culture de consommation a été associée à une baisse de qualité et à la perte de l'authenticité de la cuisine française. Enfin nous pouvons voir comment une technologie de consommation - le phonographe - a triomphé à Paris quand les promoteurs ont réussi à exploiter les préjugés de classe afin de créer un marché de consommation commun.

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Ramsden, Stefan. "Working class community in the era of affluence : sociability and identity in a Yorkshire town, 1945-1980." Thesis, University of Hull, 2011. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6290.

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This thesis presents a qualitative case-study of the impact of post-war affluence on working-class ways of life in the small town of Beverley, focussed particularly on sociability and identity. The thesis argues that sociological and historical concern with the decline of forms of ‘traditional working-class community’ amongst mobile populations in the 1950s and 1960s has obscured recognition of the continuing importance and vitality of local community for many working-class people in this period. Those who argued that there was a decline of community during the age of affluence (approximately 1955-1975) posited a transition from ‘traditional’ to new forms of working-class life – the present thesis suggests that in so doing, authors exaggerated both the communality of the ‘traditional’ working classes and the individualism of newly affluent workers. In Beverley, individualism and status divisions existed alongside communal sociability and mutuality in working-class streets before the age of affluence. The rising living standards of the 1950s and 1960s did not coincide with an appreciable shift towards ‘privatised nuclear families’. I am not arguing only for continuity. In the years of austerity of the 1940s, prior to the affluent decades, some streets were the focus of female sociability and mutual assistance to an extent not apparent in the 1970s. From the 1950s, rising wages, improved housing, and the availability of consumer goods such as cars and televisions allowed many to engage in new forms of sociable leisure. Post-war ideological emphasis on the companionate marriage and child-centred parenting also influenced social behaviour. But companions for both new and old forms of sociability were largely family, friends and acquaintances who also lived in the town – Beverley as a whole remained a remarkably complete social world for many of its residents. The thesis explores connections between structural features, local social networks, and an apparently strong sense of ‘Beverlonian’ identity during the affluent era. Beverley was a relatively small town with considerable demographic continuity, and residents reported that it felt like a knowable community; post-war council and private housing estates were built close to older neighbourhoods and therefore did not disrupt the social networks and connection to place of those who moved into them, as was often the case in larger cities; a range of industrial workplaces and a civil society of clubs and associations were contexts for the formation of local social networks and also gave residents a sense of their town as a distinct community with its own history and a measure of self-determination; civil society promoted the idea of a town community discursively through civic ceremony and in the pages of the local newspaper.

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Morton, Bess. "Making diamonds from dust : a working class history of British Labour Party women, 1906-1956 /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armm889.pdf.

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35

McCullough, Aimee Claire. "'On the margins of family and home life?' : working-class fatherhood and masculinity in post-war Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25746.

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This thesis examines working-class fatherhood and masculinities in post-war Scotland, the history of which is almost non-existent. Scottish working-class fathers have more commonly been associated with the ‘public sphere’ of work, politics and male leisure pursuits and presented negatively in public and official discourses of the family. Using twenty-five newly conducted oral history interviews with men who became fathers during the period 1970-1990, as well as additional source materials, this thesis explores the ways in which their everyday lives, feelings and experiences were shaped by becoming and being fathers. In examining change and continuities in both the representations and lived experiences of fatherhood during a period of important social, economic, political and demographic change, it contributes new insights to the histories of fatherhood, gender, family, and everyday lives in Scotland, and in Britain more widely. It argues that ideas and norms surrounding fatherhood changed significantly, and were highly contested, during this period. Fathers were both celebrated as ‘newly’ involved in family life, signified by rising attendance at childbirth and increased practical and visible participation in childcare, but also increasingly scrutinised and deemed to be losing their ‘traditional’ breadwinning and authoritarian roles. Although there were significant continuities, a combination of factors caused these shifts, including the changing structure and composition of the labour market, deindustrialisation, the increasing participation of mothers in employment and second-wave feminism. Shifting ideas about gender relations were also accompanied by changing understandings of parent-child relationships and child welfare, in the wake of rising divorce and the growth of one-parent families. In highlighting the complexity and diversity of fatherhood and masculinity amongst working-class men, by placing their relationships, roles, status and identities as fathers at the forefront, and by speaking to men themselves, this thesis adds an important and neglected insight to the Scottish family and provides a fresh perspective on men’s gendered identities. Fathers were central to, rather than on the margins of, family and home life, and fatherhood was, in turn central to men’s identities and everyday lives.

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Sonnessa, Antonio. "The resistance of the Turin working class to the rise of fascism : political and community responses, 1921-1925." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272277.

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37

Ross, Philip D. (Philip David). "Working on the margins : a labour history of the native peoples of Northern Labrador." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72807.

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38

Hussey, Stephen. "#We rubbed along all right' : the rural working class household between the wars in North Essex and South Buckinghamshire." Thesis, University of Essex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241196.

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39

Moore, Stephen Christopher. "The development of working class housing in Ireland 1840-1912 : a study of housing conditions, built form and policy." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253990.

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40

Manion, Lynne Nelson. "Local 21's Quest for a Moral Economy: Peabody, Massachusetts and its Leather Workers, 1933-1973." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ManionLN2003.pdf.

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Teal, Gregory L. "The organization of production and the heterogeneity of the working class : occupation, gender and ethnicity among clothing workers in Quebec." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=73994.

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42

Dunn, Karen. "Working class culture and co-operation : a case study of schooling and social life in a Yorkshire mining community." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307901.

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43

Etheridge, Bryant Lucien. "Making a Workforce, Unmaking a Working Class: The Creation of a Human Capital Society in Houston, 1900-1980." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11646.

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This dissertation explains how increased educational attainment became the most politically viable means of reducing economic inequality in the postwar United States. Using Houston as a case study, the dissertation argues that a heterogeneous group of people and organizations played a role in the creation of a society in which human capital development served the vital political function of structuring economic inequality: employers who sought to raise worker productivity at minimal direct cost to themselves and to wrest control of worker training from labor unions; ordinary Houstonians in search of economic security and opportunity, including black and Latino civil rights activists who used human capital development to dismantle the racial division of labor; and federal, state, and local government officials who used education to lower unemployment and spur economic development.
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44

Boynton, Virginia Ruth. ""It surely is grand living your own life" : the search for autonomy of urban midwestern black and white working class women 1920-1950 /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487862972136316.

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45

Abendstern, M. "Expression and control, a study of working class leisure and gender 1918-1939 : A case study of Rochdale using oral history methods." Thesis, University of Essex, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371855.

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46

Gustafson, Reid Erec. "'He loves the little ones and doesn't beat them'| Working class masculinity in Mexico City, 1917--1929." Thesis, University of Maryland, College Park, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3629289.

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This dissertation examines how Mexico City workers, workers’ families, state officials, unions, employers, and others perceived, performed, and shaped masculinity during the period of the Mexican Revolution. I argue that Mexico City’s workers, officials, and employers negotiated working-class gender beliefs in such a way as to express multiple, performed, and distinctly working-class masculinities and sexualities. Scholars who study gender in Mexico argue that during the 1930s a particular type of working-class masculinity became dominant: the idea of the male worker as a muscular breadwinner who controlled both machines and women. I agree with this claim, but the existing scholarship fails to explain how this “proletarian masculinity” developed prior to the 1930s. My dissertation studies the period right before this proletarian masculinity became dominant and explains the processes through which it gradually developed. During the 1920s, the state held a relatively unstable position of power and was consequently forced to negotiate terms of rule with popular classes. I demonstrate that the 1920s represent a period when no one form of masculinity predominated. A complex range of multiple masculine behaviors and beliefs developed through the everyday activities of the working class, employers, officials, and unions. A Catholic union might represent a rival union as possessing an irresponsible form of manhood, a young man might use bravado and voice pitch to enact a homosexual identity, and a single father might enact a nurturing, self-sacrificing form of manhood. My sources include labor arbitration board records, court records, newspapers, plays, poetry, and reports by social workers, police, doctors, labor inspectors, juvenile court judges, and Diversions Department inspectors. Each chapter in this dissertation analyzes a particular facet of workers’ masculinity, including worker’s masculine behaviors among youth, within the family, in the workplace, in popular entertainment venues, and within unions.

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Hampson, Peter Wright. "Working-class capitalists : the development and financing of worker-owned companies, in the Irwell Valley, 1849-1875." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2015. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/12134/.

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The mid-nineteenth century was an age of reform, which affected the whole of British society. Working people in southeast Lancashire were far from passive at this time, and the co-operative experiment in Rochdale was an inspiration. Many had pinned their hopes on the Chartist Land Plan, but when this failed they seized an unintended opportunity offered by changes in company law. The result was that over fifty industrial worker-owned and controlled companies were created in the period from 1850 to the onset of the Cotton Famine in 1861, with shares sold to other local people through pubs and shops. A database of these shares forms the basis of this thesis and their analysis provides much of the raw material. Following the Cotton Famine, a commercial revolution in the Irwell Valley and adjoining districts resulted and by the 1870s brought about a virtual stock market, where companies of all kinds were floated, including traditional family businesses. Many such businesses became worker-owned and added to the prosperity of the Irwell Valley. This valley had a quite unique geography and culture, which bred men and women willing to turn their hands to a variety of tasks. The worker-owned companies were intended to provide profit, but independence, pride and self-help were also important factors. The concept spread, and contributed to the formation of the better-known ‘Oldham Limiteds’. Despite many attempts, the source of industrial finance in the late Victorian period remains an unanswered question. This thesis demonstrates that for some industries, in this area, the finance came from the working classes, including women, a possibility not previously taken seriously. They funded a diversity of industries throughout the second half of the nineteenth century, providing millions of pounds of capital. The thesis also breaks new ground in being able to identify a significant percentage of investors as individuals whose activities can be reconstructed, sometimes in detail.

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Gerrard, Jessica. "Emancipation, education and the working class : genealogies of resistance in Socialist Sunday Schools and Black Saturday schools." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/237243.

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This doctoral project considers the conceptual and practical articulation of emancipation through examination of two temporally, culturally and politically distinct working-class community-led children's school movements in Britain. Attesting to a different history of working-class relationships to education than that offered in long-held dominant gendered and raced discourses of working-class inactivity and deficiency, examination of the Socialist Sunday School (SSS) and Black Saturday (BSS) movements has offered a significant opportunity to explore the genealogy of radical working-class education. Challenging the contemporaneous dominant tropes of 'empowerment', SSSs and BSSs rearticulated the existing emancipatory intent found in their respective radical political fields (socialist and Black) in the formation of children's educational cultures. In depth analysis of these two movements, and comparison across them, has provided the opportunity to discover similarity and difference in complex cultural processes ofeducational resistance in very different working-class communities. Mobilising methodological praxis, this project places the notions of class and emancipation at the centre of the research itself. Thus, following the literature review and the explication of the methodology, this dissertation turns to a theoretical examination of the notions of class and emancipatory education in order to develop these concepts for the research, and at the same time open them to further investigation in the historical cases. Attending to the unsettling of class by poststructuralist excursions, a conception of class is developed embedded in the Gramscian concept of hegemony, with attention to class' constitutive diversity and fragmentation, and its interaction with other oppressions. Exploring the public and common enterprise of education, this discussion also considers emancipatory education as a public space through an examination of Nancy Fraser's notion of 'counterpublics'. Following this, the dissertation explores the inception and periods of growth of the SSS and BSS movements in turn (1892-1930 & 1968-1990 respectively). Drawing on oral history testimony, school records, minute books, personal correspondence, and national and local press, this project develops understanding of the ways in which these school movements understood and expressed their purpose. Giving due attention to their surrounding social and political contexts, the ways in which these schools created childhood educational cultures, developed curriculum and pedagogies, connected with their broader radical fields, and interacted with the wider public sphere - including the State and mainstream education, is explored. Here complex (gendered and 'raced') expression and understanding of both class and emancipation is found within the diverse voices of the teachers and students of these highly localised school movements. Finally, returning to the conceptual frames with which this research began, this dissertation compares and contrasts across these cases to explore the differences and similarities intheir development of educational cultures of resistance. Borrowing from the knowledge traditions of their respective communities, proving capability of existing dominant knowledge, and creating hope for a different future, the SSS and BSS experience reveals complexity and ambiguity in their relationships to their radical political milieus and mainstream educational institutions, and within the educational counterpublics themselves.

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Pihl, Per-Jonas. "Genus i samspel med klass : Fokus på Norrbottniska rallar- och arbetarfamiljer." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-152017.

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This essay is about classhabitus. It concerns No1Tbottnic railway navvies and other workingÂclass families lifestyle and revealed preferences. Gender and class is seen as important in order to explain gender relations concerning division of labour, childcare and the function of homes. The results show that railway navvies had a clear view concerning appropriate tasks for men and women to perform. The same is true for other working-class families, although they had a more equal view on this. Railway navvies had often bad relations with people outside the family. The children of navvies had a lot of work to perform and these tasks were gender coded. Other workning-class children tasks were more flexible concerning these codes. Living conditions in the homes were generally bad although it was seen as important to arrange things as good as possible.

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Duffy, Seamus S. "Mechanics' and similar institutes in counties Antrim, Armagh and Down 1820-1870 and their contribution to the education of the working-class adult." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242139.

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