Academic literature on the topic 'Working class – France – History'
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Journal articles on the topic "Working class – France – History"
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Cohen, Lizabeth. "Tradition and the Working Class, 1850–1950." International Labor and Working-Class History 42 (1992): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547900011248.
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For two days, October 25–26, 1991, about forty scholars—mostly, but not exclusively, historians—sat around a conference table in the Alumni Room of the prestigious Ecole Polytechnique in Paris and discussed “Tradition and the Working Class, 1850–1950.” We came from nine countries (the largest delegations were from France and the United States) to participate in the third of what has become a tradition in itself among historians of the working class, an international colloquium sponsored by ILWCH and the French social history journal. Le Mouvemem social, and supported as well by the Maison des Sciences de l'Homme. CNRS. and DAGIC.
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Accampo, Elinor. ":The Fabric of Gender: Working‐Class Culture in Third Republic France." American Historical Review 110, no. 5 (December 2005): 1603–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.110.5.1603a.
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Rosenberg, Clifford. "The Fabric of Gender: Working-Class Culture in Third Republic France." International Labor and Working-Class History 69, no. 1 (March 2006): 204–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014754790622012x.
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Tilly, Louise A. "The Working-Class Historian Tourist: A Visit to Thiers (Auvergne), France." International Labor and Working-Class History 31 (1987): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547900004336.
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Dekker, Rudolf. "Labour Conflicts and Working-Class Culture in Early Modern Holland." International Review of Social History 35, no. 3 (December 1990): 377–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000010051.
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SUMMARYFrom the 15th to the 18th century Holland, the most urbanized part of the northern Netherlands, had a tradition of labour action. In this article the informal workers' organizations which existed especially within the textile industry are described. In the 17th century the action forms adjusted themselves to the better coordinated activities of the authorities and employers. After about 1750 this protest tradition disappeared, along with the economic recession which especially struck the traditional industries. Because of this the continuity of the transition from the ancien régime to the modern era which may be discerned in the labour movements of countries like France and England, cannot be found in Holland.
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Adams, Julia. "Working-Class Politics in Nineteenth-Century Toulouse, France: Paths of Proletarianization Revisited." Social Science History 17, no. 2 (1993): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1171280.
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Adams, Julia. "Working-Class Politics in Nineteenth-Century Toulouse, France: Paths of Proletarianization Revisited." Social Science History 17, no. 2 (1993): 195–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200016825.
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“The worker has different opinions than his employer and is naturally socialist,” Toulouse’s police commissioner asserted confidently in 1849. “I have made this observation after visiting several workshops, especially those of printers, bookbinders, hatmakers, and tailors . . . where workers speak enthusiastically of 1793 and of the need to renew the terrors of this period in order to improve the conditions of the working class” (Aminzade 1981: 95).
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Accampo, Elinor, and Katherine A. Lynch. "Family, Class, and Ideology in Early Industrial France: Social Policy and the Working-Class Family, 1825-1848." American Historical Review 95, no. 3 (June 1990): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2164373.
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Clarke, J. "The Fabric of Gender: Working-Class Culture in Third Republic France." French Studies 61, no. 3 (July 1, 2007): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/knm110.
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Clarke, J. "The Fabric of Gender: Working Class Culture in Third Republic France." French Studies 61, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 541–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/knm145.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Working class – France – History"
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Starkey, Joseph. "Renouncing the left : working-class conservatism in France, 1930-1939." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/72795/.
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Histories of the working class in France have largely ignored the existence of working-class conservatism. This is particularly true of histories of the interwar period. Yet, there were an array of Catholic and right-wing groups during these years that endeavoured to bring workers within their orbit. Moreover, many workers judged that their interests were better served by these groups. This thesis explores the participation of workers in Catholic and right-wing groups during the 1930s. What did these groups claim to offer workers within the wider context of their ideological goals? In which ways did conservative workers understand and express their interests, and why did they identify the supposed ‘enemies of the left’ as the best means of defending them? What was the daily experience of conservative workers like, and how did this experience contribute to the formation of 'non-left' political identities? These questions are addressed in a study of the largest Catholic and right-wing groups in France during the 1930s. This thesis argues that, during a period of left-wing ascendancy, these groups made the recruitment of workers a top priority. To this end, they harnessed particular elements of mass political culture and adapted them to their own ideological ends. However, the ideology of these groups did not simply reflect the interests of the workers that supported them. This thesis argues that the interests of conservative workers were a rational and complex product of their own experience. They were formed by a large range of materials, from preconceived attitudes to issues such as gender and race, to the everyday experience of bullying and intimidation on the factory floor. This thesis shows that workers could conceive of their interests in a number of different ways, and chose from a range of different groups to try and further them.
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Gouérou, Anne-Marie. "Les notables du Tarn dans leur relation avec les paysans au XIXème siècle et dans le premier XXème." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20066.
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La grande propriété étend sa domination de la montagne tarnaise au Gaillacois, englobant Castrais et Vaurais. Au cœur de la relation notables / paysans, les modes de faire-valoir suscitent des débats passionnés. Le métayage, mode dominant, partage idéal capital / travail pour ses partisans, est rejeté par les propriétaires soucieux de modernisation comme incompatible avec le progrès, que le maître-valetage, faire-valoir direct caractérisé par la présence d'un maître-valet fournisseur de main-d'œuvre, peut seul favoriser. Cependant, il ne s'impose pas et disparait, tandis que le métayage, qui repose sur le partage de la production, à mi-fruits ou au tiers en faveur du propriétaire, se maintient jusque dans les années 1960. Une porosité existe : fermage et métayage partagent les caractères les plus archaïques, corvées, redevances et les mêmes interdits. On accorde au maître-valet un pourcentage de certaines productions, afin de lutter contre son « indolence ». La stagnation de la production semble conforter l'incompatibilité métayage / progrès. Mais les résultats obtenus par certains propriétaires qui s'appuient sur les droits qu'il donne, contrôle des cultures et assolements, utilisation des corvées pour la bonification des terres, s'opposent à cette interprétation. L'investissement personnel semble essentiel. La présence des notables de la terre influence la vie politique : par le biais des comices, ils tentent, en récompensant travail, sobriété et maintien de nombreux enfants dans l'agriculture, d'immobiliser une société rurale traditionnelle. Au plan électoral, leur influence, indéniable, est contrebalancée par la structure de la population paysanneThe great estate area spread his domination from the Tarnese mountains to the Gaillac region, including the Castres and Lavaur ones. The different farming modes inspire passionate debates and are at the heart of the relationships between the worthies and the peasants. The main-mode-sharecropping -an ideal share capital / work for his supporters is rejected by owners concerned with modernization as conflicting with progress, whereas the farm-servant system appears the best one direct farming, characterized by the presence of a farm-servant master who is to provide labour. However, it does not last long and vanishes when the criticized sharecropping system, based on the fifty-fifty share or the one-third one of the production for the owner, last until the 1960's. A porosity exists: tenant farming and sharecropping share most archaic characters, chores, fees and even bans. A percentage on some crops is granted to the servants' masters so as to fight his « indolence ». The stagnation of production seems to comfort the incompatibility sharecropping / progress. But the results that some owners get thanks to the given by sharecropping, crops control, land cleaning, the use of chores for improvement of the soil, are opposed at this interpretation. Personal investment appears as essential. The presence of land worthies influence the political life : through agricultural organizations, they tries to reward work, sobriety and maintenance of numerous children in agriculture, to bring the traditional rural to standstill. On the polling plan, their undeniable influence is counterbalanced by the structure of peasant population
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Balfour, Sebastian Michael. "The remaking of the Spanish labour movement : social change, urban growth and working class militancy, Barcelona, 1939-1976." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1987. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.714455.
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Burckel, Vincent. "La classe populaire n’est pas morte. Enquête sur une « famille sociale » en lutte dans une petite ville de l’ancienne Moselle du fer (2008-2018)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV045.
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Cette thèse s’appuie sur une enquête ethnographique menée pendant plusieurs années à Hagoncourt, une petite ville de Lorraine marquée par l’industrie du fer. Elle a pour objet l’histoire sociale de sa « classe populaire », c’est-à-dire d’un ensemble social localement situé rassemblant des individus socialement dominés, issus pour la plupart de familles ouvrières. Du XIXe siècle, jusqu’au milieu des années 1970, à Hagoncourt, l’usine sidérurgique et la mine de fer assurent à la ville et à sa population une prospérité relative, visible aussi bien dans ses cités bien tenues que dans ses nombreux commerces. La fermeture de l’usine puis de la mine, précipite la majorité des Hagoncourtois dans une crise économique et sociale sans précédent : plus que jamais, le chômage et la précarité touchent ou menacent tous les membres de l’ancienne « classe ouvrière ». Après quarante ans de politiques néo-libérales, de reflux du paternalisme aussi bien que du « communisme populaire » et de l’« insubordination ouvrière », ou encore d’oppositions internes exacerbées, le « peuple d’Hagoncourt » semble marqué par une sorte de désespérance à la fois sociale et politique, dont l’abstention aux élections est un indicateur sûr. Cependant, de la « génération du fer » (les « vieux ») à la « génération de la crise » (« les jeunes »), on retrouve une énergie sociale qui laisse penser que la classe populaire d’Hagoncourt est bien toujours en vie socialement. Depuis la crise financière et économique de 2007-2008, les membres de la classe populaire d’Hagoncourt, située dans la vallée de l’Orne-Fensch (où se trouve Hagoncourt) se sont distinguées dans leur luttes pour la survie de l’usine de Gandrange (2008) puis de celle de Florange (2012), avant de nourrir le mouvement des « gilets jaunes » à partir de 2018. De façon générale, ce qu’on peut appeler la « triple vie » ou les trois formes de l’habitus de la classe populaire d’Hagoncourt composent une figure collective contemporaine dans toute ses contradictions et ses convergences, face à la domination sociale : 1) Une morale agonistique ou « guerrière », traditionnellement considérée comme « masculine », qui valorise la force physique ou la rudesse des manières et du langage et qui peut aller jusqu’à un certain nihilisme ; 2) Une morale pacifique, traditionnellement considérée comme « féminine », qui privilégie la manière douce, une forme de timidité et qui peut tendre vers un certain conformisme social ; 3) Une morale politique ou civique, avec un penchant pour l’intérêt général et la recherche de sens, associée à la valorisation de la « culture », qui peut dériver aussi bien vers une sorte de « narcissisme social » que vers une disposition politique « révolutionnaire » résultant d’une « lutte des classes »What can be defined as the « triple life » of the working class, refers to the three forms of the working class’ habitus. The members of the working class do not equally display these forms according to the historical period. If for the “iron” generation sent to the hub or the kitchen since the age of 14 and designed to live a simple rough life in the “small-town”, the “hard model” of the habitus prevails in an evident way; the “crisis generation” that has over a long time been protected by the soft comfort of the family home and a juvenile atmosphere in school, now listens to the propaganda of a world that becomes more “open” and seems to start life in a “gentle slope”. Nevertheless, since 2008 the aggravation of the circumstances of working class’ life for an undetermined period, has led to a hardening of the ensemble in the context of unrestrained capitalism. According to the dominant ideology the working class should have melted into the bourgeoisie ever since the fall of the Berlin wall in the 1990’s. The young generation of the working class finds a new horizon of exploitation and domination. Poverty hits them instead of the “American dream” and a society without classes which they could have imagined while watching TF1. Considering their relationship with politics, it is known that the 1980’s (the Mitterand years) have marked a reflux of “popular communism” and the insubordination of the workers. Although, the years 2000 (the Sarkozy-Hollande-Macron years) come with a little new wind of popular insurrection that grows more and more intense, until it becomes the “yellow tempest” in 2018. Amongst the people of Hagoncourt that have been interviewed, with the exception of the “iron” and “crisis” generations, three forms of habitus can be identified that imply a social existence threatened and weakened by the dominant class: 1) agonistic or warlike morals traditionally considered « masculine », that valorise physical force and brutal manners and language and sometimes tend to a certain nihilism. 2) peaceful morals, traditionally considered “feminine” that give privilege to tender manners, a kind of timidity and sometimes tend to a certain social conformity. 3) political or civic morals with a preference for the general interest and the quest for meaning associated to the valorisation of culture and that can possibly take on a “revolutionary” political disposition
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Lefeuvre, Morgan. "De l'avènement du parlant à la seconde guerre mondiale : histoire générale des studios de cinéma en France 1929-1939." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030143.
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A travers une étude générale des infrastructures de production, l’ambition de cette recherche est double. Il s’agit d’une part de mettre en évidence la centralité du studio dans l’organisation de la production cinématographique française des années 1930, mais également de montrer quel a pu être l’impact des évolutions de fonctionnement des studios au cours de la décennie sur les conditions de travail et les modes de sociabilité des ouvriers et techniciens du film. Cette thèse ne se contente pas de rassembler des données factuelles et de dresser un inventaire des structures de production dans la France de l’entre-deux-guerres, elle étudie également les dynamiques d’une branche de l’industrie cinématographique en pleine évolution - les studios – tout en faisant de l’humain – ouvriers et techniciens du film - le pivot de la réflexion. L’analyse des dimensions techniques, économiques et humaines des studios français dans les années 1930, se déploie en trois parties correspondant à trois périodes marquées par des dynamiques différentes.La première partie (1929-1930), aborde la question du passage au parlant en privilégiant une approche descriptive des installations ; elle dresse un tableau de la situation en 1929 et analyse les nouvelles dynamiques économiques et techniques qui modifient en profondeur le paysage des studios français à l’aube de la décennie. La deuxième partie (1931-1933), s’attache à mettre en lumière le fonctionnement quotidien des studios, leur rôle dans la formation et la carrière des professionnels mais également leur impact sur la vie économique et sociale des territoires dans lesquels ils sont implantés. Enfin la troisième partie, (1934-1939), soulève la question du modèle de développement des studios français. Premières victimes de la crise de la production des années 1934-1935, les ouvriers et techniciens du film sont les premiers à réagir, répondant à la dégradation de leurs conditions de travail et de rémunération par un mouvement de revendications et de luttes sociales qui agitent les studios durant toute la seconde moitié de la décennieThroughout this general study of the production facilities, the goal of the research is two fold. It aims first at establishing the centrality of the studios in organizing the French movie production in the 1930’s. It equally looks at showing what have been the impacts of the changes which had affected the functioning of the studios during this decade on the working conditions and sociability modes of the working class and technicians of the film industry. Not only this PhD gathers evidences and draws an inventory of the production facilities in the France between the two world wars, but it also studies the dynamics of a fast evolving branch of the film industry, the studios, while making of the human - workers and technicians of the film industry - the centre of the reflection. The analysis of the technical, economic and human dimensions of French movie studios in 1930’s, unfolds in three parts corresponding to three periods marked by different dynamics. The first part (1929-1930), discusses the transition to talking cinema favoring a descriptive approach of the facilities; it paints a picture of the situation in 1929 and analyzes the new economic and technical dynamics that profoundly altered the landscape of French studios at the beginning of the decade. The second part (1931-1933) , aims to highlight the daily operation of the studios, their role in the training and career of professionals but also their impact on economic and social life of the territories in which they are located. Finally, the third part, (1934-1939), raised the question of the development model of French studios. First victims of the crisis of 1934-1935 production year, workers and technicians of the film are the first to react, responding to the deterioration of their working conditions and compensation by a movement of demands and social struggles that stir the studios throughout the second half of the decade
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Charlton, John Douglas. "Working class structure and working class politics in Britain 1950." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303518.
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Rezende, Vinícius Donizete de [UNESP]. "Anônimas da história: relações de trabalho e atuação política de sapateiras entre as décadas de 1950 e 1980 (Franca-SP)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93261.
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rezende_vd_me_fran.pdf: 10856254 bytes, checksum: 7ae4a41ce86bb84b4d1892369dd74407 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A cidade de Franca tem na indústria calçadista sua principal atividade econômica, sendo um dos maiores centros produtores de calçados do país. A partir da década de 1950 ocorreu a intensificação do processo de industrialização do setor, com a implantação de modernas técnicas de produção, voltadas para o aumento da produtividade. Essas transformações acarretaram um significativo crescimento populacional, destacando-se a migração de mineiros, em grande parte ex-trabalhadores rurais. O parque industrial é marcado pela heterogeneidade, englobando grandes indústrias com mais de mil trabalhadores, até pequenas oficinas de conserto. Estudos recentes buscaram analisar as experiências dos trabalhadores do setor no cotidiano de trabalho e extrafábrica. Abriram novas perspectivas de análise, dentro das quais se insere o presente trabalho. Ao longo do processo de formação e consolidação da indústria calçadista no município as mulheres ocuparam posição de destaque, compondo cerca de 40% da força de trabalho empregada nesse setor produtivo. Contudo, verificou-se que a história da classe operária do município havia sido escrita sobretudo no masculino, desconsiderando-se as experiências das trabalhadoras do calçado. Assim, tivemos como principais objetivos analisar o processo de formação das mulheres enquanto operárias, as relações de trabalho e as expressões de ação política de um conjunto de sapateiras que fizeram parte do processo de industrialização entre as décadas de 1950 e 1980. Trabalhou-se com um corpus documental composto por fontes orais, documentos sindicais e outras fontes impressas. Foi possível constatar que as trabalhadoras vivenciaram um processo de sociabilização caracterizado pela divisão sexual do trabalho e subordinação aos homens desde os anos iniciais de suas vidas, características persistentes...
The city of Franca - Brazil has in the shoemaker industry its main economic activity, being one of the biggest producing centers of footwear of the country. From the decade of 1950 the intensification of the process of industrialization of the sector occurred with the modern implantation production techniques, guided toward the increase of the productivity. These transformations had caused a significant population growth, putting in relief the migration of “mineiros”, mostly agricultural former-workers. The industrial park is marked by the heterogeneity, agglomerating great industries with more than a thousand workers, even small repair shops. Recent studies had searched to analyse the experiences of the workers of the sector in the daily of work and the extra-factory. They had opened new perspectives of analysis, inside of which it inserts the present work. Along of the process of formation and the consolidation of the shoemaker industry in the city the women had occupied distinction position, composing about 40% of the force of work used in this productive sector. However, it occurs that the history of the working class of the city had been written principally in the masculine, it ignoring the experiences of the workers-women of the footwear. Thus, we had as main objectives to analyse the process of formation of the women being workers, the relations of work and the expressions of politic actions of a set of women-shoemaker that had been party of the proceeding of industrialization between the decades of 1950 and 1980. We worked with a corpus documental composed for verbal sources, trade union documents and other sources printed. It was possible to verify that the workers had lived deeply a process of socialization characterized for the sexual division of the work and subordination to the men since the initial years of its lives, persistent characteristics in its experiences as workers...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Rezende, Vinícius Donizete de. "Anônimas da história : relações de trabalho e atuação política de sapateiras entre as décadas de 1950 e 1980 (Franca-SP) /." Franca : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93261.
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Orientador: Teresa Maria MalatianBanca: Marisa Saenz Leme
Banca: Fernando Teixeira da Silva
Resumo: A cidade de Franca tem na indústria calçadista sua principal atividade econômica, sendo um dos maiores centros produtores de calçados do país. A partir da década de 1950 ocorreu a intensificação do processo de industrialização do setor, com a implantação de modernas técnicas de produção, voltadas para o aumento da produtividade. Essas transformações acarretaram um significativo crescimento populacional, destacando-se a migração de mineiros, em grande parte ex-trabalhadores rurais. O parque industrial é marcado pela heterogeneidade, englobando grandes indústrias com mais de mil trabalhadores, até pequenas oficinas de conserto. Estudos recentes buscaram analisar as experiências dos trabalhadores do setor no cotidiano de trabalho e extrafábrica. Abriram novas perspectivas de análise, dentro das quais se insere o presente trabalho. Ao longo do processo de formação e consolidação da indústria calçadista no município as mulheres ocuparam posição de destaque, compondo cerca de 40% da força de trabalho empregada nesse setor produtivo. Contudo, verificou-se que a história da classe operária do município havia sido escrita sobretudo no masculino, desconsiderando-se as experiências das trabalhadoras do calçado. Assim, tivemos como principais objetivos analisar o processo de formação das mulheres enquanto operárias, as relações de trabalho e as expressões de ação política de um conjunto de sapateiras que fizeram parte do processo de industrialização entre as décadas de 1950 e 1980. Trabalhou-se com um corpus documental composto por fontes orais, documentos sindicais e outras fontes impressas. Foi possível constatar que as trabalhadoras vivenciaram um processo de sociabilização caracterizado pela divisão sexual do trabalho e subordinação aos homens desde os anos iniciais de suas vidas, características persistentes...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The city of Franca - Brazil has in the shoemaker industry its main economic activity, being one of the biggest producing centers of footwear of the country. From the decade of 1950 the intensification of the process of industrialization of the sector occurred with the modern implantation production techniques, guided toward the increase of the productivity. These transformations had caused a significant population growth, putting in relief the migration of "mineiros", mostly agricultural former-workers. The industrial park is marked by the heterogeneity, agglomerating great industries with more than a thousand workers, even small repair shops. Recent studies had searched to analyse the experiences of the workers of the sector in the daily of work and the extra-factory. They had opened new perspectives of analysis, inside of which it inserts the present work. Along of the process of formation and the consolidation of the shoemaker industry in the city the women had occupied distinction position, composing about 40% of the force of work used in this productive sector. However, it occurs that the history of the working class of the city had been written principally in the masculine, it ignoring the experiences of the workers-women of the footwear. Thus, we had as main objectives to analyse the process of formation of the women being workers, the relations of work and the expressions of politic actions of a set of women-shoemaker that had been party of the proceeding of industrialization between the decades of 1950 and 1980. We worked with a corpus documental composed for verbal sources, trade union documents and other sources printed. It was possible to verify that the workers had lived deeply a process of socialization characterized for the sexual division of the work and subordination to the men since the initial years of its lives, persistent characteristics in its experiences as workers...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Quinney, Nigel Peter. "Edwardian militarism and working class youth." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385630.
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Wilson, Karen. "Aspects of solidarity between middle-class and working-class women 1880-1903." Thesis, Keele University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293991.
Full textBooks on the topic "Working class – France – History"
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A history of the French working class. Oxford, OX, UK: Blackwell, 1992.
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Le monde du travail en France, 1800-1950. Paris: A. Colin, 1989.
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Mark, Traugott, ed. The French worker: Autobiographies from the early industrial era. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.
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The hatters of eighteenth-century France. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.
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Marchand, Olivier. Le travail en France, 1800-2000. Paris: Nathan, 1997.
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Guicheteau, Samuel. Les ouvriers en France, 1700-1835. Paris: Colin, 2014.
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Aissa, Hazem Ben. Histoire des conditions de travail dans le monde industriel en France: 1848-2000. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2005.
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Les petits métiers de la France d'autrefois. [Paris]: Solar, 1992.
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Hanagan, Michael P. Nascent proletarians: Class formation in post-revolutionary France. Oxford, UK: B. Blackwell, 1989.
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Hodge, Carl Cavanagh. The trammels of tradition: Social democracy in Britain, France, and Germany. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Working class – France – History"
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Taylor, David. "Working-Class Movements." In Mastering Economic and Social History, 368–414. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19377-6_21.
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Mason, S. "Working-class Movements." In Work Out Social and Economic History GCSE, 107–28. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10295-2_6.
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Price, Roger. "Urban working classes." In A Social History of Nineteenth-Century France, 197–258. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003262824-8.
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Starkey, Joe. "The Silent Minority: Working-class Conservatism in Interwar France." In France in an Era of Global War, 1914–1945, 111–29. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137443502_7.
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Williams, Gwyn A. "Locating a Welsh Working Class: The Frontier Years*." In The Welsh in their History, 65–93. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003292883-4.
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Michel, Joël. "Popular Justice, Class Conflict, and the Lynching Spirit in France." In Globalizing Lynching History, 137–52. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137001245_9.
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Boos, Florence S. "Memoir and People’s History in Janet Hamilton’s Sketches of Village Life." In Memoirs of Victorian Working-Class Women, 85–114. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64215-4_4.
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Sangster, Joan. "Politics and Praxis in Canadian Working-Class Oral History." In Oral History Off the Record, 59–75. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137339652_4.
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McPhee, Peter. "The World of Urban Working People, 1815–1845." In A Social History of France 1789–1914, 128–46. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4039-3777-3_8.
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Leung, Elly. "The (Re-) Making of a Docile Working Class in China." In Palgrave Debates in Business History, 51–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83313-8_2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Working class – France – History"
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Ponce Gregorio, Pedro. "La forme du temps à Moscou." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.582.
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Resumen: Sería el 2 de septiembre de 1931, mediante carta privada remitida por un tal B. Breslow en calidad de Representante Comercial de la URSS en Francia, cuando Le Corbusier recibe la invitación a participar en el concurso del que sería para muchos el edificio esencial del país, el Palacio de los Soviets de Moscú. Un edificio que en consecuencia, además de encarnar la voluntad de las masas trabajadoras rusas, debía convertirse de manera análoga, allí donde ya se hallaba construida la catedral de El Salvador, en el monumento artístico-arquitectónico de la todavía maltrecha capital soviética. Este y no otro es el punto en el que la presente «forma del tiempo» se inscribe: en el continuo devenir que el proyecto desarrolla dentro del número 35 de la rue de Sèvres de París, a fin de desempolvar parte de aquel rastro creativo velado por la historia, esto es, desandar la línea de los Soviets. Abstract: It was around september the second, 1931, on a private letter dispatched by some B. Breslow acting as Comercial Representative of the URSS in France, when Le Corbusier received the invitation to participate in the contest of the one that would be for many the essential building of the country, the Palace of the Soviets in Moscow. A building that for that matter would not only enbodies russian´s working class will, but also should become in the same way, there where the El Salvador cathedral was built, the artistic-architectural monument of the still struggling soviet capital. This and not else is the point in which the actual "shape of the time" it is enrolled: on the developed by the project inside the number 35 of the rue de Sèvres in Paris, in order to dust off part of that creative trace veiled by history, this is, to walk back along the line of the Soviets. Palabras clave: Tiempo; composición; simbología; circulación; técnica; Palacio de los Soviets. Keywords: Time; composition; symbology; circulation; technique; Palace of the Soviets. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.582
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Gila, Cristina Iulia. "Challenges and Achievements of European Education Ministers on Information Exchange and Collaboration within the European Economic Community between 60s and 80s." In World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/25.
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This article examines the concerns of all national education systems in Europe regarding exchanges of information, ideas and collaborations since the beginning of the configuration of the European Community in the 1960s. The idea of working together member states for a better future for the younger generation was found both in the documents of the Conferences of Heads of State on Education and in the consultations of education experts. This was pointed out by education ministers, such as Edgar Faure or Olivier Guichard, in France, who made strong arguments, demonstrating responsibility for action for future generations. Although the beginning was difficult, in the 1960s the documents referred to the education of the children of migrant workers, the importance of learning modern languages, the recognition of diplomas. In the 1980s, meetings at the level of education ministers highlighted a deepening and strengthening of cooperation to adapt language teaching models, expand the study of European history and European institutions in secondary education increasing access to education for children with special needs, setting up school spaces for language learning, but especially the creation of a European Centre for Education.
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Marinković, Milica. "RAZVITAK FRANCUSKE ADVOKATURE U XIX VEKU." In XVII majsko savetovanje. Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujevcu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uvp21.1067m.
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The paper is dedicated to the development of advocacy in France throughout history, and special attention is paid to the struggle of lawyers to repair the damage caused to their position by the Bourgeois Revolution. The goals of the legal struggle were fully achieved in the period of the Third Republic, rightly called the "Republic of Lawyers", when they took over the legislative and executive power. French lawyers, especially in the 19th century, were often real political dissidents. With their work as a politival opposition, they redefined the relationship between the state and society and set a clear border of state power, all of which enabled the easier emergence of a liberal constitutional monarchy, and then a republic. Due to the constant opposition activities in the courtroom, the lawyers demonstrated in the best possible way how closely law and politics stand in each state. In the introductory chapter of the paper, the author gives an overview of the historical development of advocacy from the Frankish period to the Revolution itself. During the Old Regime, lawyers enjoyed the status of "secular clergy" and, although members of the Third Class, were an unavoidable political factor in absolutist France. The second chapter contains an analysis of the devastating impact of the Revolution on the legal profession and timid attempts to improve the position of the legal profession with the advent of the Restoration. The third chapter provides an overview of the period from 1830 to 1870, which was characterized by the increasingly serious interference of lawyers in politics in order to fight for the advancement of the profession. The chapter on the Third Republic talks about the successful outcome of the lawyer's fight for their own rights, and the final chapter talks about the tendencies in the French legal profession in the 20th century.
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Lubis, Michael Binsar, and Mehrdad Kimiaei. "Experimental Wave Flume Tests in ROV-Wave Interaction Effects on the Line Tension for a Work Class ROV in Splash Zone." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-61098.
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Abstract Integrity and stability of Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) when passing through the splash zone is one of the main concerns in the design of an ROV-umbilical system. Due to the lightweight nature of ROV in water, the umbilical experiences repetitive rapid transitions between slack and taut as the ROV travels through the splash zone. These rapid transitions induce tension spikes in the umbilical, namely snap forces, that can endanger the launch and recovery of an ROV. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the tension spikes do not exceed the safe working load of the umbilical. In this study, launch and recovery of a deep-water work class ROV are experimentally investigated using a 1:10 scaled ROV model through a series of wave flume tests. Different regular and irregular waves are generated in the flume while the ROV model is hung over the flume in four different positions. The tension time-history in the line is measured and recorded using a load cell at the top-end of the line. A simplified numerical model for launch and recovery of the ROV is developed and the numerical results are compared with the experimental ones. It is shown that the presented simplified model can be accurately used for analysis of launch and recovery of the ROV.
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Faidy, Claude. "Comparison and Harmonization of French RCCM and ASME Code." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29773.
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The objectives of this paper is to discuss technical harmonization of Nuclear Codes and Standards, based on French long experience in Codes and Standards used for design-fabrication and operation of nuclear components (mainly pressure retaining components). After a long period of use of ASME Section III code, during the Westinghouse licensing process, AFCEN (AREVA, EDF and the major manufacturers) decided to develop their own AFCEN French Codes. The 1st version has been issued in 1980 and the last one in 2007, completed by annual addendum. During more than 20 years the 2 Codes, RCCM and ASME Section III, have leave separately, with different constraints like industrial history, localisation of fabrication, more new plants in France than in USA, different R&D programs to support Code improvement… Recently a detailed review of differences for class 1 vessel has showed under a “general global quality equivalence”, a lot of differences in the Code development process, in the Code organization, in the scopes, in the State of the Art fulfillment, in ageing consideration at the design stage, in relation with national or international regulations, in term of standards used or complementary specification needs… The harmonization of Codes and Standards is possible under an important effort to move toward new ideas, more international rules and with a strong support of national safety authorities.
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Faidy, Claude. "Toward International Harmonization of Nuclear Codes and Standards." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25187.
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The objectives of this paper is to discuss technical harmonization of Nuclear Codes and Standards, based on French long experience in Codes and Standards used for design-fabrication and operation of nuclear components (mainly pressure retaining components). After a long period of use of ASME Section III code, during the Westinghouse licensing process, AFCEN (AREVA, EDF and the major manufacturers) decided to develop their own AFCEN French Codes. The 1st version has been issued in 1980 and the last one in 2007, completed by annual addendum. During more than 20 years the 2 Codes, RCCM and ASME Section III, have left separately, with different constraints like industrial history, localization of fabrication, more new plants in France than in USA, different R&D programs to support Code improvement. Recently a detailed review of differences for class 1 vessel has shown under a “general global quality equivalence”, a lot of differences in the Code development process, in the Code organization, in the scopes, in the State of the Art fulfillment, in ageing consideration at the design stage, in relation with national or international regulations, in term of standards used or complementary specification needs. The harmonization of Codes and Standards is possible under an important effort to move toward new ideas, more international rules and with a strong support of national safety authorities.
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Perreault, Simon, Philippe Cardou, and Cle´ment Gosselin. "Towards Parallel Cable-Driven Pantographs." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47751.
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We propose a new class of pantographs, i.e., of mechanisms that allow the reproduction of the displacements of an input link, the master, with an output link, the slave. The application we envision for these devices is the telemanipulation of objects from small distances, at low cost, where magnetic fields or other design constraints prohibit the use of electromechanical systems. Despite the long history of pantographs, which were invented in the 17th century, the class of pantographs proposed here is new, as it relies on parallel cable-driven mechanisms to transmit the motion. This allows the reproduction of rigid-body displacements, while previous pantographs were limited to point displacements. This important characteristic and others are described in the paper. One important challenge in the design of the proposed systems is that the cables must remain taut at all time. We address this issue by introducing nonlinear springs that passively maintain a minimum tension in the cables, while approximating static balancing of the mechanism over its workspace. Approximating static balancing allows the forces applied at the slave to reflect more accurately at the master, and vice versa. As a preliminary validation, a two-degree-of-freedom parallel cable-driven pantograph is designed. A prototype of this apparatus that does not include approximate static balancing is built, which demonstrates the working principle of these mechanisms.
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Xinting, Liang. "The Trajectory of Collective Life: The Ideal and Practice of New Village in Tianjin, 1920s-1950s." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4026pt85d.
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Originated from New Village Ideal in Japan, New Village was introduced to China in the early 1920s and became a byword for social reform program. Many residential designs or projects whose name includes the term “Village” or “New Village” had been completed in China since that time. This paper uses the Textual Criticism method to sort out the introduction and translation of New Village Ideal theory in China, and to compare the physical space, life organization and concepts of the New Village practices in ROC with in early PRC of Tianjin. It is found that the term “New Village” continued to be used across several historical periods, showing very similar spatial images. But the construction and usage of New Village and the meaning of collective life changed somewhat under different political positions and social circumstances: New Village gradually became an urban collective residential area which only bore the living function since it was introduced into modern China. The goal of its practice changed from building an equal autonomy to building a new field of power operation, a new discourse of social improvement and a new way for profit-seeking capital. With the change of state regime, the construction had entered a climax stage. New Village then became the symbol of the rising political and social status of the working class, and the link between the change of urban nature and spatial development. Socialism collective life and the temporal and spatial separation or combination between production and live constructed the collective conscience and identity of residents. The above findings highlight the independence of architecture history from general history, help to examine the complexity of China’s localization New Village practice and the uniqueness of Tianjin’s urban history, and provide new ideas for the study of China’s modern urban housing development from the perspective of changes in daily life organization.
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Faidy, Claude. "International Harmonisation: A Key Challenge for Mechanical Components Codes and Standards." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97968.
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Many Code Comparisons have been done by different organizations. The differences are better and better known by Code Development Organizations like ASME, AFCEN, JSME, KEPIC, CSA and NIKIET. This paper uses the last MDEP (Multinational Design Evaluation Program) comparison for class 1 components to classify differences in different aspects: - National regulatory requirements - Technical differences - Scope differences. Few examples are selected to confirm needs of harmonization in different areas like: documentation, design rules, materials, product specifications, welding and non destructive examination personal qualifications. The paper concludes on selected topics proposed for harmonization by AFCEN. The objectives of this paper is to discuss technical harmonization of Nuclear Codes and Standards, based on French long experience in Codes and Standards used for design-fabrication and operation of nuclear components (mainly pressure retaining components). After a long period of use of ASME Section III code, during the Westinghouse licensing process, AFCEN (AREVA, EDF and the major manufacturers) decided to develop their own AFCEN French Codes. The 1st version has been issued in 1980 and the last one in 2007, completed by annual addendum. During more than 20 years the 2 Codes, RCC-M and ASME Section III, have leave separately, with different constraints like industrial history, localisation of fabrication, more new plants in France than in USA, different R&D programs to support Code improvement… Recently a detailed review of differences for class 1 vessel has showed under a “general global quality equivalence”, a lot of differences in the Code development process, in the Code organization, in the scopes, in the State of the Art fulfillment, in ageing consideration at the design stage, in relation with national or international regulations, in term of standards used or complementary specification needs… The harmonization of Codes and Standards is possible under an important effort to move toward new ideas, more international rules and with a strong support of national safety authorities.
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Vrasmas, Ecaterina, and Traian Vrasmas. "DEVELOPING A EUROPEAN PROFESSIONAL’S NETWORK IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION:E LEARNING PROCESS AND OUTCOMES." In eLSE 2012. Editura Universitara, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-12-063.
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Title: Developing a European professional’s network in Inclusive Education: E learning process and outcomes Vrasmas, Ecaterina, University of Bucharest, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Panduri Street No.90, Bucharest; Email: ecaterinavr@yahoo.com Vrasmas, Traian, Ovidius University Constanta, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Bd. Mamaia Street No.124 Email: traianvrasmas@yahoo.com ABSTRACT The context The paper describes a European project focusing on using eLearning media, in order to establish is quite an actual trend establish a European network for professionals. It is a new and strong trend in education, particularly in inclusive education. Inclusive education is one of the highest challenges in the field of education, for all European countries. Each country had its own history, experiences, cultural conditions, its own approaches, opportunities and challenges but common work and values are needed. Short description A group of professionals from national associations in England, France, Island, Italy and Romania has decided, after the European Conference of Social inclusion (2008, Clairmond Ferrand, France) to act for the implementation of the conclusions from this conference. They have planned and started to build a network for inclusive education among those five national organizations. They planned and implemented a Leonardo project called “Partnership of professionals for inclusive education.” They implemented all the project working together, in order to share experiences and debate on which are the most relevant barriers in the European and each national context and find solutions to advance in inclusive education. Aside of the direct meetings, in each country, most of the project preparation and implementation was made via eLearning (email communication, site development, power point preparation and presentation, reporting on a European data base etc). The main objectives of the project were: - To built a web site of the project; - To work together for finding common barriers and solutions for inclusive education. The project has reached these objectives by using eLearning media. During the process and as a result of eLearning we have produced important outcomes: - A web site (http://inclusiveeducation-leonardo-professionals.blogs.apf.asso.fr,Utilisat eur: leo-nardoprofessionals, Mot de passe : leonardoprofessionals; - A list of barriers and facilitators of inclusive education; Additional outcomes were: - A Guide for professionals on inclusive education; - A lot of power point presentations, on international documents and policies on national educational policies and inclusive education history in each country, study cases and ex-periences, lessons learned in different visits. The project website was designed for all the partners and for all institutions dealing with educa-tion. It contains a glossary of inclusion, with the main concepts, in all five languages (English, French, Italian, Romanian and Icelandic). It describes the partners involved, some elements facili-tating the understanding of the European and international perspective on inclusive education, based on the experiences collected in the project, on the results and documents obtained. The list of barriers and facilitators of inclusive education is a synthesis of the professionals work and a result of several debates. After listing barriers and the facilitating factors, the elements which can be barriers and facilitators as well, the list contains the synthesis of the discussion from each country, on the topic of identification of particular aspects: defining inclusion, the major actors, the resources needed - just a few of the analyze points. The Guide for professionals has been developed by the project professionals, as a working tool, issued from the discussions during the school visits in the 5 countries, from the synthesis of analysis and of conclusions (from international sources) regarding inclusive educa-tion. It defines inclusion, suggests a set o principles, identifies solutions for the barriers, and offers concrete examples from each country, regarding policies, practices, cultures and values. It is an open and positive point of view. During the project more than 80 different power points presentation were produced, focusesd on in-ternational and national legislation, scientific arguments on inclusive education, each country policy and experiences. One of them is the Final slide show (album) 2009-2011. It contains photos which are presenting the countries that had participated (places, traditions, touristic attractions, art objects and towns architecture), as well as the "authors" involved in the project. The photos are proving the good collaboration during seminars, visits, during the attractive free time opportunities in each of the five countries. All these are posted on the website of the project, in order to become tools for inclusive education dissemination as eLearning instruments. Conclusions The process of eLearning using different media was vital during and for the success of this pro-ject. At the end it offered to all professionals participant the possibility to better understand the inclusion importance and issues and to promote a new perspective in education, via ongoing collaboration between professionals, cultures and experiences. Working in common for defining inclusive education in five national contexts and describing the barriers and solutions was very challenging. It was also necessary and rewording, in this moment of the European efforts for defending our common values.