Academic literature on the topic 'Workers' exposure model'
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Journal articles on the topic "Workers' exposure model"
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Vested, Anne, Vivi Schlünssen, Alex Burdorf, Johan H. Andersen, Jens Christoffersen, Stine Daugaard, Esben M. Flachs, et al. "A Quantitative General Population Job Exposure Matrix for Occupational Daytime Light Exposure." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 63, no. 6 (May 3, 2019): 666–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxz031.
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AbstractHigh daytime light levels may reduce the risk of affective disorders. Outdoor workers are during daytime exposed to much higher light intensities than indoor workers. A way to study daytime light exposure and disease on a large scale is by use of a general population job exposure matrix (JEM) combined with national employment and health data. The objective of this study was to develop a JEM applicable for epidemiological studies of exposure response between daytime light exposure, affective disorders, and other health effects by combining expert scores and light measurements. We measured light intensity during daytime work hours 06:00–17:59 for 1–7 days with Philips Actiwatch Spectrum® light recorders (Actiwatch) among 695 workers representing 71 different jobs. Jobs were coded into DISCO-88, the Danish version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations 1988. Daytime light measurements were collected all year round in Denmark (55–56°N). Arithmetic mean white light intensity (lux) was calculated for each hour of observation (n = 15,272), natural log-transformed, and used as the dependent variable in mixed effects linear regression models. Three experts rated probability and duration of outdoor work for all 372 jobs within DISCO-88. Their ratings were used to construct an expert score that was included together with month of the year and hour of the day as fixed effects in the model. Job, industry nested within job, and worker were included as random effects. The model estimated daytime light intensity levels specific for hour of the day and month of the year for all jobs with a DISCO-88 code in Denmark. The fixed effects explained 37% of the total variance: 83% of the between-jobs variance, 57% of the between industries nested in jobs variance, 43% of the between-workers variance, and 15% of the within-worker variance. Modeled daytime light intensity showed a monotonic increase with increasing expert score and a 30-fold ratio between the highest and lowest exposed jobs. Building construction laborers were based on the JEM estimates among the highest and medical equipment operators among the lowest exposed. This is the first quantitative JEM of daytime light exposure and will be used in epidemiological studies of affective disorders and other health effects potentially associated with light exposure.
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Stokholm, Zara Ann, Mogens Erlandsen, Vivi Schlünssen, Ioannis Basinas, Jens Peter Bonde, Susan Peters, Jens Brandt, Jesper Medom Vestergaard, and Henrik Albert Kolstad. "A Quantitative General Population Job Exposure Matrix for Occupational Noise Exposure." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 64, no. 6 (April 21, 2020): 604–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxaa034.
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Abstract Occupational noise exposure is a known risk factor for hearing loss and also adverse cardiovascular effects have been suggested. A job exposure matrix (JEM) would enable studies of noise and health on a large scale. The objective of this study was to create a quantitative JEM for occupational noise exposure assessment of the general working population. Between 2001–2003 and 2009–2010, we recruited workers from companies within the 10 industries with the highest reporting of noise-induced hearing loss according to the Danish Working Environment Authority and in addition workers of financial services and children day care to optimize the range in exposure levels. We obtained 1343 personal occupational noise dosimeter measurements among 1140 workers representing 100 different jobs according to the Danish version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations 1988 (DISCO 88). Four experts used 35 of these jobs as benchmarks and rated noise levels for the remaining 337 jobs within DISCO 88. To estimate noise levels for all 372 jobs, we included expert ratings together with sex, age, occupational class, and calendar year as fixed effects, while job and worker were included as random effects in a linear mixed regression model. The fixed effects explained 40% of the total variance: 72% of the between-jobs variance, −6% of the between-workers variance and 4% of the within-worker variance. Modelled noise levels showed a monotonic increase with increasing expert score and a 20 dB difference between the highest and lowest exposed jobs. Based on the JEM estimates, metal wheel-grinders were among the highest and finance and sales professionals among the lowest exposed. This JEM of occupational noise exposure can be used to prioritize preventive efforts of occupational noise exposure and to provide quantitative estimates of contemporary exposure levels in epidemiological studies of health effects potentially associated with noise exposure.
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Peters, Cheryl, Joanne Kim, Chaojie Song, Calvin Ge, and Paul Demers. "O8A.1 Estimating the burden of lung cancer due to occupational exposure to radon gas." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A69.3—A70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.187.
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BackgroundRadon is a well-known cause of lung cancer. Our goal was to estimate the prevalence and level of occupational exposure to radon, and to estimate the current lung cancer burden caused by radon exposure in Canadian workplaces.MethodsHighly exposed (i.e. underground) workers were assigned exposure proportions at the national level using CAREX methodology. Exposure for the indoor working population was estimated using province-specific radon measurements from the Canadian federal building survey (n=12 870 samples). The proportion of workers exposed to specific ranges of radon (50–100, 100–150, 150–200, 200–400, 400–800,>800 Bq/m3) were calculated and we assigned the midpoint of the range as the average radon concentration for each exposure group. For the >800 Bq/m3 category, the province-specific mean of measurements>800 Bq/m3 was assigned. The above exposure assessment was applied to a population model of the historical Canadian labour force and exposures between 1961 and 2001 (the risk exposure period) were considered as contributing to cancer cases in 2011. The BEIR VI exposure-age-concentration model was used to assign relative risks by exposure category. The population attributable fraction was calculated using Levin’s equation.ResultsThere were an estimated 4.4 million indoor workers and 26 000 highly exposed workers exposed to radon during the risk exposure period. Nearly 80% of these workers were exposed below 50 Bq/m3 (half the WHO reference level). Combining the indoor and highly exposed workers, we calculated that 0.80% of lung cancers are attributable to occupational radon exposure; this equates to 188 lung cancer cases per year.ConclusionsOurs was the first study to use a data-driven approach to estimate radon exposure and lung cancer burden for indoor workers. Some of the attributable cases can be prevented by reducing workers’ exposure at workplace.
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Osei, Ernest, Faiza Nuru, and Michael Moore. "ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION DOSES OF MEDICAL RADIATION WORKERS IN TWO COMMUNITY HOSPITALS." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 192, no. 1 (October 2020): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaa190.
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Abstract The International Commission on Radiological Protection recommends the adoption of the linear, no-threshold model as a predictive risk model for radiation protection purposes since the relationship between low-dose radiation exposure and cancer risk is unclear. Medical radiation workers are subject to occupational exposures and differences in workload, area of work and types of exposure can lead to variations in exposures between different occupational groups. We investigated the occupational exposures of 572 workers from four departments in two community hospitals and stratified into 22 occupational groups in order to identify groups with the highest radiation exposure. The occupational doses from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed to identify the dose distribution of each occupational group, total number of monitored workers, annual and collective deep (Hp(10)), eye (Hp(3)) and shallow (Hp(0.07)) doses. We further determined the individual and occupational group lifetime doses as well as the probability that monitored workers’ lifetime doses will exceed a specified lifetime dose level. The occupational groups with the highest radiation exposures were the nuclear medicine technologists, diagnostic imaging radiologists and diagnostic cardiologists. Although our data suggest that occupational doses reported are low, it is essential that exposure of occupationally exposed personnel are always kept as low as reasonably achievable with an effective radiation protection program.
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Giacobbe, F., L. Monica, and D. Geraci. "Risk assessment model of occupational exposure to nanomaterials." Human & Experimental Toxicology 28, no. 6-7 (June 2009): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327109105156.
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Recent development of nanotechnology allows precise assessment of the risks workers are exposed to. To assess the risks, a specific risk assessment model has been developed with reference to workplaces where nanoparticles are present. This model allows identification and quantification of the health hazards for workers. The use of nanomaterials presents some uncertainties regarding effective level of danger, and risk assessment takes this into consideration with the help of an appropriate index. An evaluation algorithm considers both normal work conditions and abnormal/emergency situations. Evaluation outcome consists of several risk levels with several subdivisions. For each single level, it is possible to develop specific behavioral guidelines. The present evaluation model has been implemented in research laboratories. The results are middle to high-level risks.
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Vochiţoiu, Haralambie, Lavinia Camelia Unguraş, Mădălin Andreica, Mărioara Benea, Evgheni Taschi, Anton Darcy, Nicolae Iliaş, and Gabriel Vasilescu. "Risk of Exposure for Workers to Professional Vibrations." Mining Revue 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2021-0007.
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Abstract The study focused on the model of estimating the risk of exposure of workers to global occupational vibrations / with local action on the hand-arm system. In order to estimate the risk of exposure to occupational vibrations, we developed a generalized mathematical model for estimating the risk of exposure to mechanical vibrations transmitted to the whole body / with action on the hand-arm system. This model is based on the statistical function of probability with exponential decrease (Gumbel function), and its argument is expressed either by the values of the weighted acceleration parameter or in the form of exposure points.
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Lee, Seokwon, Sangjun Choi, and Kyoungho Lee. "Evaluation of Stoffenmanager and a New Exposure Model for Estimating Occupational Exposure to Styrene in the Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics Lamination Process." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (June 22, 2020): 4486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124486.
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This study aims to evaluate occupational exposure models by comparing model estimations of Stoffenmanager, version 8.2, and exposure scores calculated using a new exposure model with personal exposure measurements for styrene used in the fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) lamination processes in Korea. Using the collected exposure measurements (n = 160) with detailed contextual information about the type of process, working conditions, local exhaust ventilation, respiratory protections, and task descriptions, we developed a new model algorithm to estimate the score for occupational exposures on situation level. We assumed that the source of exposure originates from the near field only (within the breathing zone of workers). The new model is designed as a simple formula of multiplying scores for job classification, exposure potential, engineering controls, chemical hazard, and exposure probability and then dividing the score for workplace size. The final score is log-transformed, ranging from 1 to 14, and the exposure category is divided into four ratings: no exposure (1), low (2), medium (3), and high (4) exposures. Using the contextual information, all the parameters and modifying factors are similarly entered into the two models through direct translation and coding processes with expert judgement, and the exposure estimations and scores using the two models are calculated for each situation. Overall bias and precision for Stoffenmanager are −1.00 ± 2.07 (50th) and −0.32 ± 2.32 (90th) for all situations (n = 36), indicating that Stoffenmanager slightly underestimated styrene exposures. Pearson’s correlation coefficients are significantly high for Stoffenmanager (r = 0.87) and the new model (r = 0.88), and the correlation between the two models is significantly high (r = 0.93) (p < 0.01). Therefore, the model estimations using Stoffenmanager and the new model are significantly correlated with the styrene exposures in the FRP lamination process. Further studies are needed to validate and calibrate the models using a larger number of exposure measurements for various substances in the future.
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Shezi, Busisiwe, Renee A. Street, Angela Mathee, Nokulunga Cele, Sipho Ndabandaba, and Rajen N. Naidoo. "Ergonomic Risk Assessment during an Informal Hand-Made Cookware Operation: Extending an Existing Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 9459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189459.
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The work conducted in the informal sector is highly variable within and between days. Characterizing ergonomic exposures remains a challenge because of unstructured work settings and schedules. The existing ergonomic risk assessment tools have been widely used in formal work settings with a narrow range of exposure, and for predefined tasks that primarily constitute a daily routine. There is limited information in the literature on how they have been applied in informal workplaces. The aim of this study was to extend an existing risk assessment tool and to evaluate the applicability of the extended tool by assessing ergonomic exposure related to hand-made cookware operations. Eighteen hand-made cookware makers were recruited from six sites. A walkthrough risk assessment questionnaire was used to collect information on workers, tasks, work stations and workplace structures. The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) screening tool was extended by including duration and vibration. An action priority matrix was used to guide intervention. According to the RULA action levels, the workers required investigation and changes soon, and immediate investigation and changes. The use of an action priority matrix was appropriate, and indicated that all the workers assessed were within the high to very high exposure domain and required immediate corrective measures. The methodology used proved to be an effective and reliable strategy for identifying ergonomic exposure among hand-made cookware makers.
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Sripanidkulchai, Kantarida, Pinyo Rattanaumpawan, Winai Ratanasuwan, Nasikarn Angkasekwinai, Susan Assanasen, Peerawong Werarak, Oranich Navanukroh, Phatharajit Phatharodom, and Teerapong Tocharoenchok. "A Risk Prediction Model and Risk Score of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Following Healthcare-Related Exposure." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 9 (September 14, 2022): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7090248.
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Hospital workers are at high risk of contact with COVID-19 patients. Currently, there is no evidence-based, comprehensive risk assessment tool for healthcare-related exposure; so, we aimed to identify independent factors related to COVID-19 infection in hospital workers following workplace exposure(s) and construct a risk prediction model. We analyzed the COVID-19 contact tracing dataset from 15 July to 31 December 2021 using multiple logistic regression analysis, considering exposure details, demographics, and vaccination history. Of 7146 included exposures to confirmed COVID-19 patients, 229 (4.2%) had subsequently tested positive via RT-PCR. Independent risk factors for a positive test were having symptoms (adjusted odds ratio 4.94, 95%CI 3.83–6.39), participating in an unprotected aerosol-generating procedure (aOR 2.87, 1.66–4.96), duration of exposure >15 min (aOR 2.52, 1.82–3.49), personnel who did not wear a mask (aOR 2.49, 1.75–3.54), exposure to aerodigestive secretion (aOR 1.5, 1.03–2.17), index patient not wearing a mask (aOR 1.44, 1.01–2.07), and exposure distance <1 m without eye protection (aOR 1.39, 1.02–1.89). High-potency vaccines and high levels of education protected against infection. A risk model and scoring system with good discrimination power were built. Having symptoms, unprotected exposure, lower education level, and receiving low potency vaccines increased the risk of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 following healthcare-related exposure events.
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Guseva Canu, Irina, Alan Gaillen-Guedy, Pascal Wild, Kurt Straif, and Danièle Luce. "Lung cancer mortality in the French cohort of titanium dioxide workers: some aetiological insights." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 77, no. 11 (July 31, 2020): 795–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2020-106522.
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ObjectivesTitanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely used in construction, food, cosmetic and medical industry. The current evidence on TiO2 carcinogenicity in humans is considered inadequate. As French participants of the European cohort of TiO2 workers exhibited an increase in mortality from lung cancer, we aimed at investigating whether TiO2 exposure, co-exposures or smoking can explain this increase.MethodsWe reanalysed the data of 833 French male workers (follow-up period 1968–1997) and used multiple imputation to complete their smoking status. We considered respirable TiO2 dust as primary exposure of interest, estimated as continuous cumulative (mg/m3-year) and annual average (mg/m3) concentrations and binary and 4-class categorical variables, with cut-off values of 0.3 and 2.4 mg/m3 (the German and American occupational exposure limits, respectively). For each exposure metric, we estimated HRs and associated 95% CIs, using Cox regression models adjusted for calendar period, exposure duration and smoking.ResultsThe fully adjusted model yielded a HR=3.7 (95% CI=0.79 to 17.95) for TiO2-exposed workers vs unexposed and a HR=27.33 (95% CI=4.35 to 171.84) for those exposed to >2.4 mg/m3 as annual average concentration. Employment duration was negatively related with lung cancer mortality, therefore cumulative exposure had a small effect on mortality (HR=1.03 (95% CI=0.99 to 1.08) per mg/m3-year).ConclusionThis study suggests a positive relationship between TiO2 exposure and lung cancer mortality in TiO2 workers, whatever the exposure variable used, despite a limited statistical power in some models. The results question the current evidence on TiO2 carcinogenicity in humans but need to be confirmed in other cohorts, using different statistical approaches.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Workers' exposure model"
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Osborne, Sonya Ranee, and n/a. "Compliance with standard precautions and occupational exposure reporting among operating room nurses in Australia." University of Canberra. Nursing, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060823.161225.
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Occupational exposures of healthcare workers tend to occur because of
inconsistent compliance with standard precautions. Also, incidence of occupational
exposure is underreported among operating room personnel. The purpose of this
project was to develop national estimates for compliance with standard precautions
and occupational exposure reporting practices among operating room nurses in
Australia. Data was obtained utilizing a 96-item self-report survey. The Standard
Precautions and Occupational Exposure Reporting survey was distributed
anonymously to 500 members of the Australian College of Operating Room Nurses.
The Health Belief Model was the theoretical framework used to guide the analysis of
data. Data was analysed to examine relationships between specific constructs of the
Health Belief Model to identify factors that might influence the operating room nurse
to undertake particular health behaviours to comply with standard precautions and
occupational exposure reporting. Results of the study revealed compliance rates of
55.6% with double gloving, 59.1% with announcing sharps transfers, 71.9% with
using a hands-free sharps pass technique, 81.9% with no needle recapping and 92.0%
with adequate eye protection. Although 31.6% of respondents indicated receiving an
occupational exposure in the past 12 months, only 82.6% of them reported their
exposures. The results of this study provide national estimates of compliance with
standard precautions and occupational exposure reporting among operating room
nurses in Australia. These estimates can now be used as support for the development
and implementation of measures to improve practices in order to reduce occupational
exposures and, ultimately, disease transmission rates among this high-risk group.
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Pettersson-Strömbäck, Anita. "Chemical exposure in the work place : mental models of workers and experts." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Yrkes- och miljömedicin, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1646.
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Many workers are daily exposed to chemical risks in their work place that has to be assessed and controlled. Due to exposure variability, repeated and random measurements should be conducted for valid estimates of the average exposure. Traditionally, experts such as safety engineers, work environment inspectors, and occupational hygienists, have performed the measurements. In self assessment of exposure (SAE), the workers perform unsupervised exposure measurements of chemical agents. This thesis studies a prerequisite for SAE, i.e. the workers’ mental models of chemical exposure. Further, the workers’ mental models are contrasted with experts’ reasons and decision criteria for measurement. Both qualitative and quantitative data generated from three studies (Paper I, II, and III) were used to describe the workers’ mental model of chemical exposure. SAE was introduced to workers in three different industries; transports (benzene), sawmill industry (monoterpenes), and reinforced plastic industry (styrene). By interviews, qualitative data were collected on the workers’ interpretation of measurement results and preventive actions. To evaluate the validity of worker measurement, the measurements were compared with expert measurements. The association between each worker’s number of performed measurement and mean level and variability in exposure concentrations was calculated. Mean absolute percent/forecast error (MAPE) was used to assess whether the workers’ decision models were in accordance with a coherence or correspondence model. In Paper IV, experts (safety engineers, work environment inspectors, and occupational hygienists) were interviewed to elucidate their mental models about the triggers and decision criteria for exposure measurements. The results indicate that the workers’ measurement results were in agreement with experts’. However, the measurement results were not a strong enough signal to induce workers to take preventive actions and sustained exposure measurements even if the measurement result were close to the occupational exposure limit. The fit was best for the median model, indicating that the workers’ mental models for interpretation of measurement data can best be described by the coherence theory rather than by the correspondence theory. The workers seemed to mentally reduce the variation in the exposure to a measure of central tendency (the median), and underestimated the average exposure level. The experts were found to directly take preventive actions instead of performing exposure measurements. When they performed exposure measurements, a worst case sampling strategy was most common. An important trigger for measurement for the experts was “request from the employer” (safety engineers), “legal demands” (work environment inspectors), and “symptoms among workers” (occupational hygienists). When there was a trigger, all experts mentioned expectations of high exposure level as a decision criterion for measurements. In conclusion, the studies suggest that workers’ mental interpretation model is best described in terms of a coherence model rather than a model of correspondence. The workers reduced the variation mentally in favor of an estimate of average exposure (median), which may imply that they underestimate short-term, high exposure health risks. A consequence is that interpretation of measurements such as SAE cannot be given to the individual worker without some support, e.g. from an expert. However, experts often chose to directly take preventive actions, without measuring the exposure. The results indicate that also the experts need support e.g. from the legal system if exposure measurements are to be done.
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Pettersson-Strömbäck, Anita. "Chemical exposure in the work place : mental models of workers and experts /." Umeå : Umeå University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1646.
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FARGIONE, PAOLO. "Definition and validation of approaches special for OS&H in Research Universities, from Risk Assessment to Quality Management in the frame of PoliTo-UniTo Guideline." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2765939.
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Li, Ying. "Assessing Public Health Burden Associated with Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5): The Impacts of Model Resolution and Exposure-Response Relationship on Mortality Estimates." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/22.
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Verner, Marc-André, Anne E. Loccisano, Nils-Halvdan Morken, Miyoung Yoon, Huali Wu, Robin McDougall, Mildred Maisonet, et al. "Associations of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) with Lower Birth Weight: An Evaluation of Potential Confounding by Glomerular Filtration Rate Using a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model (PBPK)." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/28.
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Background: Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with lower birth weight in epidemiologic studies. This association could be attributable to glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which is related to PFAS concentration and birth weight.
Objectives: We used a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of pregnancy to assess how much of the PFAS–birth weight association observed in epidemiologic studies might be attributable to GFR.
Methods: We modified a PBPK model to reflect the association of GFR with birth weight (estimated from three studies of GFR and birth weight) and used it to simulate PFAS concentrations in maternal and cord plasma. The model was run 250,000 times, with variation in parameters, to simulate a population. Simulated data were analyzed to evaluate the association between PFAS levels and birth weight due to GFR. We compared simulated estimates with those from a meta-analysis of epidemiologic data.
Results: The reduction in birth weight for each 1-ng/mL increase in simulated cord plasma for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was 2.72 g (95% CI: –3.40, –2.04), and for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was 7.13 g (95% CI: –8.46, –5.80); results based on maternal plasma at term were similar. Results were sensitive to variations in PFAS level distributions and the strength of the GFR–birth weight association. In comparison, our meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies suggested that each 1-ng/mL increase in prenatal PFOS and PFOA levels was associated with 5.00 g (95% CI: –21.66, –7.78) and 14.72 g (95% CI: –8.92, –1.09) reductions in birth weight, respectively.
Conclusion: Results of our simulations suggest that a substantial proportion of the association between prenatal PFAS and birth weight may be attributable to confounding by GFR and that confounding by GFR may be more important in studies with sample collection later in pregnancy.
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Bodin, Julie. "Déterminants professionnels des troubles musculo-squelettiques de l'épaule : intérêt de la prise en compte des facteurs organisationnels Forms of work organization and their associations with shoulder disorders: results from a French working population. Risk factors for shoulder pain in French workers: A Structural Equation Model." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0086.
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Les troubles musculo-squelettiques (TMS) sont une des questions les plus préoccupantes en santé au travail. Ils témoignent de l’intensification des conditions de travail qui affecte un nombre croissant de travailleurs. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier les relations complexes entre les facteurs professionnels, notamment organisationnels, et les TMS de l’épaule.Trois populations salariées ont été étudiées : la cohorte Cosali et deux entreprises automobile et pharmaceutique. L’étude des caractéristiques organisationnelles des situations de travail par classifications ascendantes hiérarchiques des variables et des individus de la cohorte Cosali a identifié une classe d’organisation de type taylorien. Chez ces salariés, les douleurs et TMS de l’épaule étaient plus fréquents. Des modèles à équations structurelles ont montré que les facteurs organisationnels étaient des déterminants distaux des TMS en influençant l’exposition aux facteurs psychosociaux et physiques, alors que l’exposition aux facteurs physiques influençait à son tour les douleurs de l’épaule. L’application de la méthodologie aux deux populations des entreprises automobile et pharmaceutique a confirmé la pertinence du modèle issu de Cosali. En conclusion, les facteurs organisationnels sont des déterminants clés de la survenue des TMS de l’épaule en influençant en cascade les conditions d'exposition aux facteurs psychosociaux et physiques auxquels les travailleurs doivent faire face. Ces connaissances épidémiologiques originales améliorent la compréhension de la chaîne de déterminants des TMS et contribueront au ciblage des interventions de prévention sur les déterminants professionnels modifiablesMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) represent one of the most worrying issues in occupational health. They bear witness to the intensification of working conditions which affects an increasing number of workers. The aim of this thesis was to study the complex relationships between occupational factors and shoulder disorders, with attention paid to organizational factors. Three working populations were studied : the Cosali cohort, one automobile company and one pharmaceutical company. The study of the organizational characteristics of work situations by ascendant hierarchical clustering of variables and individuals of the Cosali cohort identified a Taylorist form of work organization. Among these employees, shoulder disorders were more frequent. Structural equation modeling has shown that organizational factors are distal determinants of MSDs by influencing exposure to psychosocial and physical factors, while exposure to physical factors in turn influences shoulder pain. The application of the methodology to the two populations of automotive and pharmaceutical companies confirmed the relevance of the Cosali model. In conclusion, organizational factors are key determinants of the onset of shoulder disorders by cascading the conditions of exposure to the psychosocial and physical factors that workers face. This original epidemiological knowledge improves understanding of the chain of determinants of MSDs and will contribute to the targeting of prevention interventions on modifiable occupational determinants
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Dumas, Milne Edwards Orianne. "Risques professionnels dans l'asthme." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00914719.
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L'importance des facteurs de risque professionnels dans l'asthme est bien établie, mais le rôle de certains agents doit être clarifié. Les objectifs de la thèse sont d'évaluer les liens entre les expositions aux produits de nettoyage et l'asthme, et d'étudier l'impact et la prise en compte du biais du travailleur sain, dans l'étude Epidémiologique des facteurs Génétiques et Environnementaux de l'Asthme (EGEA, 2047 sujets dont 1477 adultes avec des données professionnelles). L'exposition aux produits de nettoyage a été estimée par une expertise et une matrice emploi-exposition. Chez les femmes, l'asthme actuel était associé à l'exposition aux détartrants (OR=2.4 (1.1-5.3)), et aux sprays (2.9 (1.0-8.1)) et à l'ammoniac (3.1 (1.2-7.8)) chez les aides-soignantes. Les détartrants et l'ammoniac sont des irritants. L'exposition aux produits de nettoyage était associée à l'asthme sévère et sans sensibilisation allergique. Deux analyses ont souligné l'importance du biais du travailleur sain dans l'asthme. Un biais de sélection à l'embauche a été observé chez des sujets avec un asthme sévère dans l'enfance. Un modèle marginal structural a permis de prendre en compte le biais du travailleur sain dans l'étude de l'effet des expositions professionnelles sur l'expression clinique de l'asthme au cours de la vie. En plus du rôle d'asthmogènes connus, le rôle d'agents moins bien établis, comprenant des irritants (1.6 (1.0-2.4)) était suggéré. Les résultats sont cohérents avec un rôle des irritants dans l'asthme lié au travail. Ils soutiennent une utilisation plus large d'approches d'analyse causale pour contrôler le biais du travailleur sain dans les études des risques professionnels.
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Hsieh, Ming-Chung, and 謝明忠. "Cancer risk analysis of possible Ionizing Radiation Exposure workers in enterprises with Poisson Regression Model." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69715304876891867263.
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碩士高雄醫學大學
職業安全衛生研究所
101
Background: In Taiwan, there are many kinds of Ionizing Radiation-related workplaces, including Nuclear Power Plants, Medical Careers, Nuclear Engineering, Radiation Detection and etc. Hundreds of thousands employees are engaged in radiation-related works. According to Article 14 of Labor Health Protection Rules (LHPRs), amendment on January 21, 2011, enterprises with labors engage in operations with special health hazards (e.g. ionizing radiation) from Article 2 of LHPRs, must establish health data manager system, and implement the classifications of health manger system. We would like to analyze cancer risk of those workers who might be possible exposed to ionizing radiation in their past working history with Poisson Regression Model. Materials and Methods: Our objects are cancer cases in enterprises and with radiation exposure in Taiwan from year 1992 to 2010. Totally, we collected 84 cancer cases, and 34,404 person years. The collected data of 84 cancer employees included gender, exposure time and working areas. We grouped these workers into northern and southern areas by their working areas. Considering the latency period of radiation induced cancers, we set up criteria to exclude those workers whose exposure time is less than 5 years and working time is less than 10 years. We also excluded 3 female cases, because the case number is too few. Finally, 62 male workers’ data are suitable to input Poisson Regression Model. For the 62 workers, we grouped them into 1 year, 5 years and 10 years groups, to explore the cancer risk between different eras. Results: Our study results show that in groups of 1 year, cancer risk of northern working area is higher 0.14 time than southern, which is not statistically significant. In groups of 5 years, cancer risk of northern working area is 0.14 time than southern, and is not statistically significant. In groups of 10 years, cancer risk of northern working area is 0.14 time than southern, which is not statistically significant. Conclusions: In the Poisson Regression Model cancer risk analysis shows that in groups of 1 year, the cancer risk is not statistically significant. In groups of 10 years, cancer risk of the group 1992~1999 is 0.12 time higher than group 2000~2010, this trend is similar to the atomic bomb survivors’ Life Span Study (LSS) cohort in Japan, that is, cancer risk is higher when exposed at younger ages.
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Huang, Fu-chuan, and 黃福全. "The Development of an Automated Task-Based Exposure Assessment Model for Indoor Workplace Worker’s Exposure Assessment Monitoring Strategy." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05925995006397772639.
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博士國立中央大學
環境工程研究所
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The exposure occurs when a person comes into contact with a pollutant at a particulate instant of time if the pollutant and the person are present at the same location. The exposure becomes the intersection, or joint occurrence, of two events: the person is present, and the pollutant is present as well. Hence, the exposure assessment depends on a complete record of the duration of exposure to assist in tracking the exposure source. The Task-Based Exposure Assessment Model (T-BEAM) stresses the identification of all hazards that may be associated with a particular work task. The Task-Based Exposure Assessment is a very powerful tool to collect data that can be utilized not only for exposure dose inclusion but also for source identification, validation of process improvements, determining retrofit control priorities and providing a strong supported dataset. This approach is be especially suitable for mobile or itinerant workers. The purpose of this study is to development an Auto Task-Based Exposure Assessment monitoring strategy based on an active radio frequency identification (active RFID) technology suitable for tracking and identifying workers’ locations in indoor workplaces. Called radio frequency identification exposure monitoring system (RFEMS), the system could also synchronously indicate the surrounding conditions using various sensors. Location and exposure data were transferred to data analysis software for visualization and tabular analysis in real-time. The RFEMS instruments provided adequate range for locating (typically ca. 6–45 m in each zone), allowing us to locate subjects within distinct microenvironments and to distinguish between the activities of a variety of workers, the average time activity pattern (TAP) recording deviation for both human observations and RFEMS was ca. 0.21–1.57%. A pilot field test indicated that the RFEMS offers a new level of accuracy for direct quantification of time activity patterns in exposure assessments of indoor workers over long periods of time. Additionally, in the field study, The RFEMS and sound level meter are mounted on the vests of workers to carry out on-site field test by monitoring the time activity pattern (TAP), and the noise dose level exposed by the workers. The results obtained using these three devices are well correlated with the results monitored by using a PND (personal noise dosimetry) with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.915, 0.779 and 0.873, respectively. The errors of noise dose expressed in TWA (time weight average) for these three methods are 0.81, 1.57 and 1.23 dBA, respectively; they are well within the general errors of the average dosimetries. These observations indicate that the RFEMS developed in this research is applicable for conducting tasked-based measurements of indoor noise. The findings will assist in studying the source of long-term exposed by workers, and hence this devise is a valuable exposure monitoring strategy for tracing and automatic monitoring long-term exposure with reduced manpower requirement.
Books on the topic "Workers' exposure model"
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Lippmann, Morton, and Richard B. Schlesinger. Environmental Sampling and Exposure Assessment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190688622.003.0009.
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This chapter describes the characterization of occupational exposures of workers to chemicals at their job sites, and exposures of general populations to chemicals in the environmental for individuals and population groups. It also discusses: approaches to risk assessment; the determination of whether exposures exceed established exposure limits or standards; and the methodologies used to determine and/or model the concentrations of chemicals in environmental media that are used to determine the nature and extent of exposures, and of biomarkers of exposure, to individuals and populations of humans and other receptors.
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Weeraratne, Bilesha. Ban on female migrant workers: Skills-differentiated evidence from Sri Lanka. 44th ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/982-2.
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This study examines the skills-differentiated impact of a restrictive female labour migration policy in Sri Lanka using monthly departure data from 2012 to 2018 in a difference-in-difference model. The policy has resulted in decreasing departures among lower-skilled groups—female domestic, unskilled, semi-skilled, and skilled workers—and increasing departures among middle-level and professional workers. The decrease in departures of lower-skilled groups is consistent with the objectives of the policy and existing impact evaluation studies, while the increase in higher-skilled workers is consistent with the literature on Family Background Report-related corruption and mis-reporting of skills to avoid the policy. Thus, the Family Background Report policy is associated with higher involvement of lower-skilled workers in recruitment-related corruption, higher exposure to recruitment-related vulnerability, and lower foreign employment opportunities. The study also finds that it was appropriate to exempt the 45–49 year age group from the Family Background Report requirement in 2017.
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Whiteside, Stephen P., Thomas H. Ollendick, and Bridget K. Biggs. Exposure Therapy for Child and Adolescent Anxiety and OCD. Oxford University PressNew York, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190862992.001.0001.
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Abstract Exposure is the most important component of therapy for anxiety disorders and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents. Unfortunately, few clinicians offer this treatment, making it very difficult for youth and their families to seek effective care. In this installment of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy’s Series on Implementation of Clinical Approaches, Whiteside, Ollendick, and Biggs deliver a succinct yet comprehensive guide to the use of exposure therapy with youth suffering from anxiety and OCD. Within the heart of this book, clinicians will discover a clear step-by-step model, illustrated with sample dialogue, for engaging their young patients in this most effective treatment. Detailed case examples bring to life the application of all forms of exposure (in vivo, imaginal, and interoceptive) to a wide range of anxiety and OCD presentations. Beyond teaching the mechanics for implementing exposure, the authors present a clinical model for understanding how exposure works, synthesizing the key issues from current competing theories. This model can enhance the ability of clinicians to apply exposure to new and more challenging presentations. In addition, the authors review common challenges to implementing exposure in real-world settings to assist clinicians in overcoming frequently encountered barriers. Clinicians can feel confident in the validity of the approach as the authors concisely review the foundation of history and research supporting exposure. Within this compact book, clinicians will find a comprehensive guide to build their expertise in the delivery of exposure therapy for children and adolescents suffering from anxiety disorders or OCD.
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Sports Illustrated: Exposure (Sports Illustrated). Sports Illustrated, 2006.
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Flanigan, Jessica, and Lori Watson. Debating Sex Work. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190659882.001.0001.
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In this “for and against” book Lori Watson argues for a sex equality approach to prostitution in which buyers are criminalized and sellers are decriminalized (the Nordic Model). Jessica Flanigan argues that sex work should be fully decriminalized. Watson defends the Nordic Model on the grounds that prostitution is an exploitative and unequal practice that entrenches existing patterns of gendered injustice. Watson also argues that full decriminalization of prostitution is incompatible with existing occupational health and safety standards and securing worker autonomy and equality. Watson further argues that sex trafficking and prostitution are functionally similar such that the distinction is irrelevant for public policy; attacking demand is necessary to address the inequalities that fuel both. Flanigan argues that sex work should be decriminalized because restrictions on the sale and purchase of sex violate the rights of sex workers and their clients. Flanigan also suggests that decriminalization would have better consequences than policies that expose sex workers and their clients to criminal penalties, and that once we consider that public officials can also stand in relations of subordination to citizens, decriminalization is a more egalitarian approach than alternative policies.
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Landsbergis, Paul A., Marnie Dobson, Anthony D. LaMontagne, BongKyoo Choi, Peter Schnall, and Dean B. Baker. Occupational Stress. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662677.003.0017.
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This chapter describes sources of stress in the work environment, their adverse effects on the health of workers, and how they are influenced by economic globalization, political systems, laws, government policies, and the changing labor market. Models of occupational stress, in particular job strain and effort-reward imbalance, are presented. Additional occupational stressors are described, including long work hours, shift work, precarious work and job insecurity, work-family conflict and organizational injustice, including discrimination, harassment, and bullying. The health and safety consequences of exposure to occupational stressors are detailed, including musculoskeletal disorders, acute traumatic injuries, mental disorders (such as depression), health behaviors, and cardiovascular disease and its risk factors (including hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome). Finally, there is a discussion of efforts on work reorganization and job redesign, workplace policies and programs, and laws and regulations designed to reduce occupational stress and improve the health and safety of workers.
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Rauch, Sheila A. M., and Israel Liberzon. Mechanisms of Action in Psychotherapy. Edited by Israel Liberzon and Kerry J. Ressler. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190215422.003.0019.
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Therapy at its core is based on learning, and learning at its core is biological. Experience that is not in some way encoded in the brain and/or body is lost. This chapter provides a discussion of mechanisms of therapy research in PTSD in which the goal is to understand how PTSD therapy works. First, the chapter reviews what a mechanism is and how therapeutic mechanisms are examined. It then discusses the importance of therapeutic mechanisms research within the broader realm of mental health research. It focuses on prolonged exposure (PE) therapy for PTSD as an example of application of mechanisms research methodology and begins with the presentation of a theoretical model that builds on previous theory and mechanisms research to date. While much of this model is theoretical, the goal is to show how mechanisms research may apply to clinical practice to improve precision, efficiency, and efficacy.
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Hardt, Yvonne. Engagements with the Past in Contemporary Dance. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036767.003.0014.
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For a long time, what has been considered “avant-garde” embodied the “new” and was perceived as different from those dance forms considered traditional, historical, or marked by ethnic inheritance. This chapter traces how contemporary dance performances and dance historical writing have challenged these demarcations as one detects a remarkable trend toward evoking the past in contemporary dance. Numerous artists and festivals increasingly feature works that address the past, having discovered the potential for a self-reflexivity of dance in conversation with its history. From this larger group of artists, the chapter focuses on four contemporary European choreographers: Jér ô me Bel, Xavier Le Roy, Eszter Salamon, and Martin Nachbar to discuss what working with the past in contemporary performance can entail. These choreographers expose different modes of taking up the past; however, they all engage a concept of history understood as a construction based on the needs of the present.
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Emond, Alan, ed. Health for all Children. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198788850.001.0001.
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This book provides an evidence-based review of the child health programme (CHP) in the UK, for children from pregnancy to the age of 7 years. The book takes account of different government policies and different models of delivery of the CHP in the four UK administrations. It utilizes research from all over the world, but references the evidence to UK policy and practice. The aim is to summarize evidence about ‘why’ and ‘what works’ in health promotion and health surveillance with children and families, and where possible give guidance on ‘how’ to implement and quality assure a programme—but it does not conclude on ‘who’ should provide the service. The review starts in pregnancy, and considers evidence of how environmental exposures and maternal stress during pregnancy affect the developing fetus, and summarizes evidence of effectiveness for interventions during pregnancy and the perinatal period. The growing body of evidence for effectiveness in health promotion and primary prevention is appraised, and recommendations made to support services based on the principle of proportionate universalism. Evidence supporting secondary prevention, screening, and case identification through opportunistic surveillance is reviewed, together with the arguments for delivery of enhanced support to families with extra assessed needs and targeted services for families with specific risk factors. To conclude, evidence-based recommendations are made for the organization and quality assurance of the CHP, and areas highlighted where more research evidence is needed to support practice. Learning links to online training and resources are provided for each chapter.
Book chapters on the topic "Workers' exposure model"
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van Dijk, F. J. H., T. F. Meijman, and P. Ulenbelt. "Towards a Dynamic Model of Exposure, Susceptibility and Effect." In Health Surveillance of Individual Workers Exposed to Chemical Agents, 144–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73476-2_19.
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Pata, Arminda, José Carlos Sá, Francisco José Gomes da Silva, Olga Silva, Luís Barreto, and Luís Pinto Ferreira. "Conceptual Model of Production Engineers’ Actions to Monitor Workers’ Exposure to Occupational Risks." In Innovations in Industrial Engineering, 79–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78170-5_8.
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Liu, Pei-Shan, Ren-Ming Yang, Yin-Mei Chiung, and Chung-Yong Liu. "Health Risk Estimation of Dichlorobenzene Exposure Workers by Using Computer Models." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1060–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73354-6_115.
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Monster, A. C., and J. J. van Hemmen. "Screening Models in Occupational Health Practice for Assessment of Individual Exposure and Health Risk by Means of Biological Monitoring in Exposure to Solvents." In Health Surveillance of Individual Workers Exposed to Chemical Agents, 46–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73476-2_6.
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de Mik, G., P. Th Henderson, and P. C. Bragt. "Screening Models in Occupational Health Practice for Assessment of Combined Exposure to Chemicals at Work." In Health Surveillance of Individual Workers Exposed to Chemical Agents, 54–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73476-2_7.
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Iversen, Jenny, Pike Long, Alexandra Lutnick, and Lisa Maher. "Patterns and Epidemiology of Illicit Drug Use Among Sex Workers Globally: A Systematic Review." In Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights, 95–118. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64171-9_6.
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AbstractIntroduction: Sex workers who use drugs represent two distinct populations, yet programmatic and policy responses are siloed and failed to acknowledge the ways in which populations overlap and needs intersect. Although prevalence of drug use among sex workers is believed to be higher than the general population, no published estimates of global prevalence exist. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of lifetime illicit drug use among sex workers overall, by gender (cis, transgender, and non-binary), and sub-region.Methods: We searched electronic databases for studies measuring the prevalence of illicit drug use among sex workers from the past decade [2009–2018]. Data were combined to generate pooled prevalence and associated 95% confidence intervals of lifetime use using a random effects model. Countries were categorised into geographic sub-regions, and sub-regional pooled estimates of lifetime use among female sex workers generated and mapped.Results: Among 86 studies in 46 countries, pooled prevalence of lifetime illicit drug use among sex workers was 35% (95% CI 30–41%). There was significant diversity (I2 > 90.0%, P < 0.01), and prevalence ranged from 1.2% to 84%. Most studies reported lifetime drug use among female sex workers (32 studies from 20 countries), and pooled prevalence in this sub-group was 29% (95% CI 24–34%). Insufficient data precluded generation of estimates for male and transgender sex workers.Conclusions: Our review identified significant gaps in data quality and availability. Future research in partnership with sex workers is necessary to explore the diversity of populations and contexts in which drug use and sex work intersect, inform more accurate estimates of prevalence, identify differences in risks and exposures, and guide the creation, implementation, and evaluation of programmes and services.
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Vieira, Adriana, Ana Gramacho, Dora Rolo, Nádia Vital, Maria João Silva, and Henriqueta Louro. "Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Toxicity of Ingested Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 225–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88071-2_10.
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AbstractAn exponential increase in products containing titanium dioxide nanomaterials (TiO2), in agriculture, food and feed industry, lead to increased oral exposure to these nanomaterials (NMs). Thus, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) emerges as a possible route of exposure that may drive systemic exposure, if the intestinal barrier is surpassed. NMs have been suggested to produce adverse outcomes, such as genotoxic effects, that are associated with increased risk of cancer, leading to a concern for public health. However, to date, the differences in the physicochemical characteristics of the NMs studied and other variables in the test systems have generated contradictory results in the literature. Processes like human digestion may change the NMs characteristics, inducing unexpected toxic effects in the intestine. Using TiO2 as case-study, this chapter provides a review of the works addressing the interactions of NMs with biological systems in the context of intestinal tract and digestion processes, at cellular and molecular level. The knowledge gaps identified suggest that the incorporation of a simulated digestion process for in vitro studies has the potential to improve the model for elucidating key events elicited by these NMs, advancing the nanosafety studies towards the development of an adverse outcome pathway for intestinal effects.
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Lahaye, D. "Screening Models in Occupational Health Practice to Detect and to Assess Individuals and Groups at Risk Because of Exposure and/or with Decreased Capacities to Cope with Workplace Chemicals." In Health Surveillance of Individual Workers Exposed to Chemical Agents, 96–101. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73476-2_12.
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Pery, Andrew, Majid Rafiei, Michael Simon, and Wil M. P. van der Aalst. "Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence and Process Mining: Challenges and Opportunities." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 395–407. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98581-3_29.
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AbstractThe premise of this paper is that compliance with Trustworthy AI governance best practices and regulatory frameworks is an inherently fragmented process spanning across diverse organizational units, external stakeholders, and systems of record, resulting in process uncertainties and in compliance gaps that may expose organizations to reputational and regulatory risks. Moreover, there are complexities associated with meeting the specific dimensions of Trustworthy AI best practices such as data governance, conformance testing, quality assurance of AI model behaviors, transparency, accountability, and confidentiality requirements. These processes involve multiple steps, hand-offs, re-works, and human-in-the-loop oversight. In this paper, we demonstrate that process mining can provide a useful framework for gaining fact-based visibility to AI compliance process execution, surfacing compliance bottlenecks, and providing for an automated approach to analyze, remediate and monitor uncertainty in AI regulatory compliance processes.
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Walsh, Emily, and Heather Carnahan. "Cold Water Exposure for Maritime Workers: A Scoping Review." In Ergonomics - New Insights [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105631.
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For many of those working in maritime industries, it is very common to be exposed to harsh environments, such as cold water, on a regular basis. We conducted a scoping review on peer reviewed, published papers to summarize the literature on the topic cold water exposure and non-freezing cold water injuries in the maritime industries. First, industry experts were consulted, then a PICO model was created to define the search terms for the review. The initial search produced 690 abstract. Of these abstracts, 14 were considered to be relevant to the review. The scoping review findings illustrated the lack of research that currently exists in relation to cold water exposure in the maritime industries. Within the available, albeit limited, literature, evidence suggests that there are several cold-water injuries that occur in the maritime industries. These include occupational dermatosis, Raynaud’s phenomena, finger blanching, and hand numbness. Performance decrements were also reported. The current gaps include a lack of documentation of minor and non-fatal injuries, the amount of exposure, and training protocols. There is a need to improve cold-water training regulations for those working in the maritime industries and for proper injury documentation, both of which can significantly benefit safety.
Conference papers on the topic "Workers' exposure model"
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Pattnaik, Shrikant, and Jay Kim. "A Lumped Parameter Vibration Model Developed Based on a Realistic Kinematic Description of the Hand-Arm System." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40466.
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Prolonged exposure of hand to vibration causes vascular, neurological and musculoskeletal abnormalities, which are collectively known as hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). A significant number of construction workers, miners and even dentists are affected by HAVS. The precise mechanism or pathogenesis of the syndrome is still not clearly understood. Accurate analysis of hand-arm vibration response is very difficult due to the complexity of the hand-arm structure such as redundancy of the musculo-tendon unit, active participation from central nervous system, inherent non-linearity and heavy damping effect. Various types of lumped parameter models have been developed, typically by matching response characteristics of the model with the measurement. Not being based on the actual physics of the hand-arm, such a model has limited applications such as qualitative, relative analysis of the hand-arm response. A new lumped parameter model is developed in this work retaining as much actual kinematic characteristics of the hand and arm system as possible. The model includes descriptions of relevant musculo-tendon systems and the effect of the gripping force to enable calculation of the forces transmitted through the musculo-tendon system and joints.
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Hornacek, Martin, Vladimir Necas, and Peter Bezak. "Calculation of the Dose Load During Dismantling of Large Components in the Process of Decommissioning of Nuclear Installations." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96141.
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The paper is focused on the decommissioning process from the point of view of steam generator dismantling. A brief description of the steam generator (used in nuclear power plants with VVER 440 type reactor) and used computer code VISIPLAN 3D ALARA are given. The main part deals with the created model and dismantling strategy together with variable input parameters — decay time and decontamination. The obtained results — external exposure of workers and the influence of time and pre-dismantling decontamination — are studied. Also detailed analyses of every dismantling step considered are presented.
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Shimada, Taro, Soichiro Ohshima, and Takenori Sukegawa. "Development of Safety Assessment Code for Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities (DecDose)." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75123.
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A safety assessment code, DecDose, for decommissioning of nuclear facilities has been developed, based on the experiences of the decommissioning project of Japan Power Demonstration Reactor (JPDR) at Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (now Japan Atomic Energy Agency). DecDose evaluates the annual exposure dose of the public and workers according to the progress of decommissioning of the plant, and also evaluates the public dose at accidental situations including fire and explosion. The public dose at normal situations during decommissioning is evaluated from the amount of radionuclides discharged from the plant to the atmosphere and the ocean. The amounts of radionuclides discharged depend on which and how activated and/or contaminated components and structures are dismantled. The amount is predicted by using the radioactive inventory given by the plant. The filtration efficiency of the ventilation system and decontamination factors of the liquid waste treatment system of the plant are also considered. Both of the internal dose caused by inhalation and ingestion of agricultural crops and seafood, and the external dose by radioactive aerosols airborne and radioactive deposition at soil surfaces are calculated for all of possible pathways. Also included in the external dose are direct radiation and skyshine radiation from waste containers which are packed and temporarily stored in the in-site building. For external dose of workers, the radiation dose rate from dismantling contaminated components and structures is calculated using the dose rate library which was previously evaluated by a point kernel shielding code. In this condition, radiation sources are regarded to be consisted of two parts; one is a dismantling object of interest, and the other is the sum of surrounding objects. Difference in job type or position is taken into account; workers for cutting are situated closer to a dismantling component, other workers help them at some distance, and the supervisor watches their activities from away. For worker’s internal dose, the radionuclide concentrations in air for individual radionuclides are calculated from a dismantling condition, e.g. cutting speed, cutting length of the dismantling component and exhaust velocity. A calculation model for working time on dismantling was developed using more segmented WBS (work breakdown structure). DecDose was partially verified by comparison with measured the external dose of workers during JPDR Decommissioning Project. The DecDose is expected to contribute to utilities in formulating rational dismantling plans and to the safety authority in estimating conservativeness in safety assessment of licensing application or risk-based regulatory criteria.
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Karaismail, Ertan, Ismail Celik, Steven E. Guffey, and William H. Dodrill. "Numerical and Experimental Investigations on Hood Capture and Protection Efficiencies." In ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the Heat Transfer, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2008-55277.
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Effective hoods are critical for the protection of workers from airborne contaminants. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of cross-draft and presence of a worker on the effectiveness of the bench-top enclosing hoods, which, unlike laboratory fume hoods have no sash and have a constant cross-sectional area. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, FLUENT, with shear-stress transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model was used to investigate the effect of orientation of the manikin and hood with respect to cross-draft on the flow and contaminant concentration field. Experiments were conducted using a manikin and a fume hood in a wind tunnel and the flow around the manikin and inside the hood was investigated via particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. The correlation of contaminant leakage with the turbulent intensity and recirculating vortices at the hood face were observed. The hood and manikin orientation was found to change the exposure level significantly. Maximum contaminant leakage from the hood to the working environment has been found when the hood and manikin were placed 30 degrees to the cross draft. Maximum containment was observed when the manikin and hood were oriented in the same direction as the cross draft and perpendicular to the cross draft.
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Moazed, Reza, and Reza Fotouhi. "Vibration Analysis of Large Silos: Modeling and Experiments." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72611.
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During the discharge of large cylindrical silos, significant vibrations, pulsations and quaking are often created. The vibrations are typically accompanied by acoustical emissions referred to as silo honking. Such noise pollution is a health and safety concern for workers at site (e.g., hearing loss due to prolonged exposure). From a structural integrity standpoint, the vibrations contribute to the fatigue failure of the load carrying members and connections and endanger the safety and integrity of the overall system. The associated forces and deflections are often further amplified due to resonance between the silo support structure and the discharge loading frequencies. In order to avoid exciting one of the silo support structure modes, researchers and engineers often employ simplified mass-spring models to predict the natural frequencies of the structure. However, these models do not always capture all of the important modes of the silo system. In this paper, a detailed finite element model is developed to predict all of the dominant modes (vertical and side-way swaying) of the system. Beam, shell, and solid elements are used to model the silo support structure, silo walls, and the potash mass, respectively. For the experimental study, several strain gauges and accelerometers were installed on a full-scale silo support structure to determine the frequency of loading during material discharge. This paper summarizes the results of the numerical and experimental study that has been performed.
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Lopes, Marcelo Garcez. "Safety Culture." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31368.
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The occurrence of accidents which resulted in lost work time, since 2007, prompted the Company to invest in a new Educational Program to prevent accidents. The program was divided into several parts. One of these parts was the project on Safety Culture. The Safety Culture project had been implemented since September, 2009, at PETROBRAS TRANSPORTES S.A. – TRANSPETRO, in Guarulhos, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil. The project had intended to change the employee’s behavior, informing the employees, who are exposed the risks, to know and understand the risks associated with their tasks, delivering a higher perception of the risks and making possible a change of behavior resulting in employees reaching a safe attitude. The Safety Culture project was developed specifically for TRANSPETRO. The project was divided in three parts: Safety Culture Visual, Procedures and Leading with Safety. This paper will discuss the content one part, Safety Culture Visual. The Safety Culture Visual concept has as its main objective to completely change the visual of the Company. In this concept about Safety Culture Visual, the Company wanted to demonstrate its concern with employee’s safety. Although the goal of the project was to change worker’s behavior, it was important first to communicate that having a strong Safety Culture is a main objective of the Company’s culture. The beginning of the paper discusses how the company can change its visual. By changing your visual, the company can demonstrate to workers that they are interested in their safety and their lives. Posting warning signs at the entrance of the company, at the entrance of the offices, streets, work areas, and other settings where employees must go were all small signs that the company had started to focus on the importance of having a safety culture. By installing warning signs everywhere, workers who are exposed to the risks can better know and understand the risks associated with their tasks. This greater awareness of the risks associated with their tasks provide the employee a greater insight to the risks, enabling a behavior change and helping them reach a complete attitude on safety. The methodology that the Company has been using to implement this change in vision is an “Andrago´gico Model”, exploring the experience of the person; with a focus on the day by day work and daily life situations. The project has been applied in the form of weekly leadership meetings, where everybody has the opportunity to suggest ideas as to promote the change. Expecting results and consequence of the Project: • to turn the concept of safety into a real value to the worker; • to preserve the integrity and to give value to the life of the employee; • pursue a lasting and stable changing of behavior, with a culture based on safety; and • to support the management safety system and reduction of accidents. This project has reduced worker’s exposure to risks and has diminished the number of industrial accidents. Accidents with lost time: using a different concept to deal with safety, focusing directly on the behavior of the worker, leading the worker to a shaper perception of the risks and thus enabling a change of behavior towards a safer attitude.
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Ghenai, C., A. Nagaboina, and L. Lagos. "Dispersion Modeling of Beryllium Airborne Particulate Released During the Demolition of Contaminated Building." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89830.
Full textAbstract:
During the demolition of contaminated building, the Beryllium on the surface of the building can be released to the atmosphere. Workers on the site and also off site public can be exposed to the Beryllium airborne particulate that can cause health problems. The objective of this study is to assess the impacts of beryllium airborne particulate released during the demolition of building on workers and off site public. For the source inventory, data from building 333 at DOE Hanford site are used as an example to estimate the total amount of Beryllium on the surface of this building. Samples from the interior surfaces were collected in previous. The surface contaminations were measured and the contamination levels ranging from 1 to 11 μg/100 cm2 were found in this building. The fraction of Beryllium released to the atmosphere during the demolition process was estimated. The amount of Beryllium released from the demolition process are transported and dispersed in the air. The short term Industrial Source Complex (ISC3) model was used to predict the ambient Beryllium concentrations. The receptors are located at downwind distances between 52 m and 2000 m from the center of emission source for every 10-degree flow vector around the emission source (thirty six receptors for each downwind distance). The results presented in this paper show the total 24-hours averaged total airborne air concentration and the 8-hours averages Beryllium air concentration at each of the receptor location. A comparison between the maximum predicted concentration of Beryllium and the compliance benchmark for the site workers (0.2 μg/m3 over 8-hours time averaged) and off site public (0.01 μg/m3) was performed. The risk assessment analysis will help the decision makers to assess the risks from exposure to Beryllium during the demolition of buildings.
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Li, Jun, Ismail B. Celik, Ibrahim Yavuz, Steven E. Guffey, and Aaron J. Bird. "The Effect of Turbulence and Scalar Transport Models on Prediction of Worker Exposure to Aerosols." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45177.
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The present study is concerned with the relative concentrations of contaminants in the breathing-zone (BZ) when toxic airborne contaminants are released within an armlength in front of a worker, a common location that often leads to high exposures. Three-dimensional turbulent flow around a modeled human body in a wind tunnel has been simulated numerically and the results from various models are compared with each other. A model was built using a mesh generator to represent a real human body as closely as possible. Four different turbulence models, namely, standard k-ε turbulence model, RNG k-ε turbulence model, Reynolds Stress turbulence model (RSM) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES), were used to evaluate their effect on the predicted concentration levels used in assessing the exposure of the worker. Results from Eulerian scalar transport method and Lagrangian particle tracking method are also compared. Concentration levels are calculated at various sampling locations in the vicinity of the human face. It is found that the predicted concentration varies significantly from model to model: at the breathing zone the coefficient of variation for predicted concentration is 30%.
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Shpagina, L. A., E. B. Logashenko, and E. V. Anikina. "LUNG FUNCTION IN SUBJECTS WITH OCCUPATIONAL CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE EXPOSED TO INDUSTRIAL AEROSOLS CONTAINING NANOPARTICLES." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-588-592.
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Abstract: Despite decrease in industrial aerosol impact on workers’ health there are disproportionately high prevalence of occupational lung diseases. So, it is of interest to investigate the role of nanoparticles. Objective was to establish lung function features in subjects with occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exposed to aerosols containing nanoparticles. Methods. It was a cross-sectional observational study. Subjects with occupational COPD (GOLD 2011-2021 criteria) exposed to aerosols containing metal (n=26) or silica nanoparticles (n=24) enrolled. Comparison group – tobacco smokers with COPD (n=50). Nanoparticles at workplaces air were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and by scanning electron microscopy. Groups were matched by gender, age, COPD duration. Results. Occupational COPD in conditions of metal nanoparticles exposure was characterized by severe airflow limitation – forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was 38%(35%;42%), by prominent increase in lung volumes – functional residual capacity (FRC) was 192% (184%;203%) and by highest decrease in diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco/Va), 34% (31%;38%). In occupational COPD subjects exposed to silica nanoparticles mild airflow limitation, mild increase in lung volumes and substantial decrease in DLco/Va, were seen. In logistic regression model metal nanoparticles mass concentration was associated with DLco/Va, FRC, FEV1, Raw and silica nanoparticles mass concentration – with DLco and FEV1. Conclusion. Nanoparticles in industrial aerosols are associated with occupational COPD phenotype.
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Stewart, Ryan, Devin Bear, and Jason Skow. "Relative Risk of Alternating Current Power Line Faults Affecting Nearby Pipelines." In 2022 14th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2022-87148.
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Abstract The co-location of pipelines and alternating current (AC) transmission lines can lead to electrical hazards on a pipeline. One example is a transient voltage that electrifies a nearby pipeline during a power line to ground fault. A power line fault, typically caused by a lightning strike, cut power line, or windstorm, results in electrical potential being transferred to ground. A buried pipeline near a fault acts as a grounding conductor, carrying energy to an area of lower potential than the incident location. Current carried through a pipe is a hazard to people and equipment. A current travelling to an above ground structure could lead to an individual becoming part of an electrical circuit if they touch the structure and the possibility of a high electrical current flowing through an individual’s entire body. While current literature describes how to mitigate the effects of power line faults, there are limited sources that describe a process to quantify the probability of power line faults affecting pipelines. In this paper, a method to assess the frequency of AC powerline faults and their potential impact to pipeline infrastructure is described. The model incorporates spatial and historical factors to evaluate the exposure of individual assets to AC power line faults. It estimates the powerline fault frequency and the area of ground potential rise that could lead to safety consequences for workers or members of the public. The collection of fault frequency data, the calculation of fault current from transient voltage hazards, and the estimated area of potential harm from transient voltage hazards are discussed. The model was developed to rank the risk of power line fault incidents across a company’s pipeline system. The results of the assessment help prioritize locations to perform more detailed site-specific analysis for the design and installation of mitigation systems.