Academic literature on the topic 'Worker,s Strike'
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Journal articles on the topic "Worker,s Strike"
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Myers, Matt. "Racialized Obsolescence: Multinational Corporations, Labor Conflict, and the Closure of the Imperial Typewriter Company in Britain, 1974–1975." International Labor and Working-Class History 102 (2022): 23–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547922000199.
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AbstractThis article will explore one of the most significant strikes by migrant workers in Britain during the 1970s and the subsequent company closure the year after their victory. In May 1974, a predominantly South Asian workforce at the Imperial Typewriter Company in Leicester went on strike over unequal bonus payments and discrimination in promotion. The shop stewards committee and Transport & General Workers Union branch refused their support and the workforce split partly on racial lines. The strikers stayed on strike for almost 14 weeks until they emerged victorious. Though it appears as a central reference point in histories of migrant experience in Britain, the strike and closure has garnered little systematic, primary research. This article will fill this gap through the use of published sources and extensive unused archival deposits. During the strike part of the largely South Asian workforce sought to break with the racialized division of the workforce between different groups, skill levels, and work-types. Almost immediately after the strike ended in victory the company announced its intention to close down the vast majority of its British production. In Hull 1400 jobs were lost and in Leicester over 1600 were to go. This article shows that whilst the strike might have been the start of a politically, culturally, and intellectually significant period of significant protagonism by Britain's first-generation black and racialized working class, it also marked the beginning of the end of an industrial model dependent on the hyper-exploitation and racialized subordination of their labor. The closure was framed by contemporaries and subsequent historical accounts as a dispute marked more by the end of empire than worker obsolescence. As an article in the Guardian on the closure of the plants was put it in January 1975, it was ‘The day that Imperial&s empire fell'. Yet it might be more accurate to understand the strike as an early premonition of the globalisation of manufacturing production which was to emerge strongly in the 1980s and 1990s. The experience of Imperial Typewriters highlights the central importance of racialized labour hierarchies and immigrant counter-militancy in post-war Britain. The Imperial Typewriter Company provides a case study of how worker resistance to labour intensive modes of capital accumulation, in relatively low capital intensive industries, during a global crisis of capitalist profitability, was followed by the decision of a multinational corporation to immediately transfer its production overseas. The closure of Imperial Typewriters therefore offers a means to reconceptualize how we understand the 1970s as a period of interlocking crises, as well as the major shift of power from labour to multinational capital which emerged in its wake. The findings of this article indicate that British workers were significantly disempowered before the electoral victory of Margaret Thatcher in 1979. Recentering labor conflict in the history of technological obsolescence can offer alternative perspectives on why the British left and trade unions were unable to resist the rise of neoliberalism.
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Gialis, S. E., and A. Herod. "Resisting Austerity: The Case of Greece”s Powerworkers and Steelworkers." Human Geography 6, no. 2 (July 2013): 98–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861300600208.
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This paper studies workers’ agency in the context of government austerity measures in contemporary, crisis-hit Greece. It focuses upon the spatial aspects of two cases of worker mobilisation. The first of these involves powerworkers who supported widespread popular protests against a new property tax designed to raise government revenues. Importantly, the government had sought to collect this tax by adding it to people's electricity bills, a novel method which generated massive opposition. The second concerns strike activity engaged in by steelworkers employed at the Greek Steelworks SA in Aspropyrgos, in the capital region of Attica. These workers were responding to the company's taking advantage of new laws designed to increase flexibility in labour markets by allowing employers to fire more people than they otherwise would have been allowed to do. The paper analyses the different tactics employed in both of these quite different efforts to challenge Greek austerity measures. In analysing these different tactics we explore the role of in-place and trans-local networks of solidarity in response to government policy. A deeper understanding of such factors, we would suggest, may contribute to strengthening the prospects of workers’ struggle in places and spaces where painful capital devaluation diminishes workers’ rights and dismantles social and employment protections.
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Tenza, Mlungisi. "Investigating the Need to Introduce Compulsory Interest Arbitration as a Method to Prevent Lengthy Strikes in South Africa." South African Mercantile Law Journal 33, no. 2 (2021): 176–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/samlj/v33/i2a2.
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The issue of lengthy strikes in South Africa has been a cause for concern since it destabilises the economy and can result in a loss of employment if it is not managed properly. A strike that takes too long to be resolved causes anger towards strikers, so creating a fertile environment for the eruption of violence between striking and non-striking workers. Damage to property and harm to civilians has been reported where striking workers have become violent during a strike. It appears that the existing remedies fail to curb long strikes and resultant violence, as unions and members continue with their action despite the granting of an order of interdict to stop the conduct. To solve the problem of long and consequently violent strikes, the article advocates the introduction of a compulsory interest arbitration in the labour relations law of South Africa. A compulsory interest arbitration will force the parties into arbitration once it is established that the strike has continued for an unreasonably long period without a solution. The use of compulsory interest arbitration will not be unique to South Africa, as other countries such as Canada and Australia use it in their labour relations systems – which helps them deal with long and possibly harmful or violent strikes. The article argues that lessons can be learned from these countries on how South Africa can deal with its own protracted strikes. The article further proposes that the LRA be amended to include a provision that will enable the Minister to intervene where the parties fail to reach agreement on disputed issues, and where it is in the public interest to do so. Introducing a compulsory interest arbitration in the labour relations system could limit the right to strike. However, the article argues that such a limitation may be justified in terms of s 36 of the Constitution.
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Tenza, Mlungisi. "The effects of violent strikes on the economy of a developing country: A case of South Africa." Obiter 41, no. 3 (January 1, 2021): 519–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v41i3.9577.
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The issue of violent and lengthy strikes has been a feature of South Africa’s industrial relations for a while now. There are no mechanisms in place to curb violent strikes even though their effects are visible in all corners of the Republic. Violent and lengthy strikes have devastating effects on the economy, cause injury to members of the community and non-striking workers, and more particularly poverty as employers would retrench workers if their businesses do not make profit as a result of prolonged non-production. In the mining sector where strikes are a common feature, it has been reported that employers have lost billions of rands through lengthy and violent strikes. The article acknowledges the developments brought about by amendments in the Labour Relations Act, which appears to be short of addressing the situation. The article proposes that if interest arbitration can be introduced into the Labour Relations Act, the situation may change for the better as employers and unions will be compelled to resolve their dispute(s) within a short space of time. It further submits that a strike should be allowed to proceed only if it is lawful and does not involve violence. In addition, the Labour Court should be empowered to intervene in instances where violence has developed and force the parties to arbitration.
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Prokopov, A. Y. "Communist International in 1920-s: British direction of activity." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 6(9) (December 28, 2009): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2009-6-9-54-64.
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In this article the main attention of the author is devoted to the problem of the decisive influence of the Communist International and its tactic “the united workers front” (1921—1928) on the policy of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) towards the Labour Party, the British Congress of Trade-Unions and the first Labour Government (1924). The author also examines the influence of Comintern on the activity of the CPGB before parliament elections of 1922, 1923, 1924 and during the General Strike of 1926.
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Yogatama, Ahmad Nizar. "HOW AUTO2000'S WORK CULTURE AND RULES SHAPE WORKERS' PRODUCTIVITY?" JURNAL ILMIAH GLOBAL EDUCATION 3, no. 2 (December 15, 2022): 176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.55681/jige.v3i2.366.
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The purpose of this research is to investigate the extent to which the company's core values “Customer Focus”, “Integrity”, “Respect for Others”, “Strive for Excellence”, and “Teamwork” are reflected in the daily actions and decisions of workers branches through discipline and work environment. This study uses a quantitative approach. Saturation sampling, in which the entire population is used as the sample, is used for this purpose. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to test responses to a questionnaire based on a Likert scale with five levels. This study found that the basic values of PT Toyota AUTO 2000 have a major influence in the form of discipline and work environment
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Henry, Robin. "“IN OUR IMAGE, ACCORDING TO OUR LIKENESS”: JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, JR. AND RECONSTRUCTING MANHOOD IN POST-LUDLOW COLORADO." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 16, no. 1 (January 2017): 24–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s153778141600044x.
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John D. Rockefeller, Jr.’s reactions to the Colorado Coal Wars resulted in the creation of the Employee Representation Plan, better known as the Rockefeller Plan. While labor historians identify the Rockefeller Plan as a dynamic shift in labor-management relations, this article focuses on the lesser studied portion of Rockefeller's reconstruction plan, his program of soft reform and its effect on the construction of masculinity in the industrial West. For Junior, restructuring the work environment and the relationship between management and labor left reconstruction incomplete, and thus vulnerable to future crises. Beginning in 1914, Rockefeller provided support for local and national social organizations to work throughout southern Colorado in order to impart middle-class values to his workers. He believed that reconstructing their social and cultural values—from language to sexual behavior—would remove any socialist influences, and create a better workforce. By applying this type of pressure, Junior helped create an environment that supported local anti-vice movements, and validated a growing belief that law enforcement and legislation could be used to curb vice. Following the deadly strike, Rockefeller's attempts to transform his public image and industrial workers not only have implications for labor history, but also social and gender histories, in particular the construction of masculinity in the American West.As I understand you are a member of the Baptist Church. So am I. But I think you must be a very inconsistent one. You teach Sunday school in New York and let the devil run your business in Colorado. You and your managers are totally responsible for all the bloodshed that occurred in Colorado. If you had lived up to the law there would have been no strike in Colorado. It is human nature to suffer rather than resent and men do not go on strikes for the fun of it.1
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Zulkarnaen, Ahmad Hunaeni. "KONFIGURASI POLITIK DAN KARAKTER HUKUM DALAM PERUMUSAN PERJANJIAN KERJA PERORANGAN DAN PERJANJIAN KERJA BERSAMA." Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35194/jhmj.v4i1.369.
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The creation of employment and strive through the clarity of the rights and obligations of the parties (worker/workers and employers), to clarify the rights and obligations of the parties in industrial relations, both regarding the rights and obligations are the norms of work (Labour Legislation) as well as the nature of Work Terms (Terms of Employment), need a means of industrial relations in the form of Individual Work Agreements (PKP) who apply individually and joint work Agreement (PKB) who collectively apply. The problem examined concerns the political configuration of the legitimately in the manufacture of PKP and PKB. Research methods in this study using a descriptive analytical. The research results obtained that the making of PKP applies should be qualified legitimately an agreement as provided for in article paragraph (1) 1320 s. d subsection (4) the book of the law of civil law (KUHPerdata), and specifically the process of formulation of the PKB should match the concept of the Welvaartsstaat with the character of the legal product PKB responsive/populistik.Keywords: Political Configuration, Individual Work Agreements, Joint Work Agreement.
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Gaan, Niharika. "Breaking industrial relations’ stalemate at ABC Ltd.: a strategic rapprochement." Vilakshan - XIMB Journal of Management 18, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 138–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/xjm-06-2020-0014.
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Purpose On 12th June 2015, a strike by contract workers was declared at Rampur terminal, All India Business in oil corporation (ABC) Ltd. The strike had disrupted the normal services of the terminal. Under such circumstances, Mr Ravi Sharma (Head human resources of the eastern region, ABC Ltd.) was unable to decide how to save the company from such a disorderly situation without any increased loss of production and manpower cost liabilities. Could Mr Ravi Sharma resolve the issue of strike through an approach of strategic rapprochement when the disruptions made by workers and local miscreants went out of control? Design/methodology/approach In-depth interview in the year 2019 was conducted with the protagonist Mr Ravi Sharma and the trade union members at the regional office of ABC Ltd., Kolkata and Rampur Terminal, respectively, to convert the narratives in the form of a fictitious case study. Four rounds of interviews were conducted by the author to complete the data collection procedure. The company™s-related information was sourced through a secondary database furnished by company™s officials. However, the data about the company, the key characters and other recognizable information have been disguised to preserve the confidentiality of information. Findings The strike was called by the contract workers at Rampur terminal for two primary reasons, namely, wage increase and giving preference to local people for employment whether regular or contract. Mr Ravi Sharma could pacify the unforeseen situation by adopting two-pronged strategies, namely, first, he could successfully gain the confidence of the union leader and secondly, set the environment for the conciliation proceeding so that agreement settled will not be failed to be implemented. Originality/value The case uses a system perspective of Industrial relation proposed by Dunlop (1958) to highlight the interplay between employer, government and trade unions influenced by politics and mafia that determine eventually the industrial peace in the organization.
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Bali, Sandrotua, Ming Chou Liu, and Huei Hsuan Lin. "PURSUING HIGHER EDUCATION CAREERS AND THE PROCESS OF MIGRATION AMONG INDONESIAN FEMALE MIGRANT WORKERS IN TAIWAN." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 4, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 302–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol4iss2pp302-317.
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Remittance, labor migration and the significance of the female role in the process of labor migration have recently become entrenched in many developing countries, such as Indonesia. The influential role these female migrant workers play in supporting their own families and in their self-fulfillment is of significance and worthy of being fully expounded and discussed. As breadwinners, these female migrant workers strive to pursue higher education by working their way through college. Qualitative in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were used to obtain five Indonesian female migrant workers' opinion and experiences about their experience of being a worker and a student in Taiwan. The data in this study were analyzed and evaluated with thematic analysis. This study describes the factors which cause the Indonesian female workers to become migrant workers in Taiwan. This includes getting high-paid jobs, shouldering the responsibility for supporting their own families, and pursuing self-fulfillment overseas. Besides, this study has investigated the difficulties and challenges that female Indonesian migrant workers had encountered while working and studying at the same time. On the whole, as caregivers, most of them often fail to have a flexible schedule to study due to the temporary jobs assigned by their employers. Also, some employers are unwilling to allow them to pursue higher education for feat that they would not concentrate on their own work. Above all, it is these female migrant workers that can define what their lives truly mean as migrant workers on their own, and that can align their talents and ambitions with their pursuits of higher education. This study provides a new exploration of how the female migrant workers’ gained a sense of self-fulfillment by pursuing higher education with working and studying at the same time. Facing a variety of challenges and hindrances, their persistence and perseverance can be further examined for those who are interested in studying this field deeper.
Keywords: Female migrant workers, higher education, Indonesian migrant workers, labor migration, remittance
Cite as: Bali, S., Liu, M. C., & Lin, H. H. (2019). Pursuing higher education careers and the process of migration among Indonesian female migrant workers in Taiwan. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 4(2), 302-317. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol4iss2pp302-317
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Worker,s Strike"
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Choudhury, Sanghamitra. "Railway workers strike of 1974: impact in the eastern and north east frontier railway zones." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2019. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/3654.
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Magalhães, Emerson Alves Irineu. "Imprensa e greve: a greve de 1979 pelas páginas do ABCD Jornal e Folha de São Paulo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21532.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The present paper studies how two newspapers reported the strikes of 1978, 1979 and 1980, the two newspapers we chose for this were ABCD Jornaland Folha de S. Paulo, the choice of these strikes is due to its repercussion in the media and its unfolding by its leaders in the creations of a political party and a workers, Folha de S. Pauloand ABCD Jornalnewspapers were our sources of research. The Folhathat defended the military civilian regime at its birth will be an opponent of the created legislations and seeks to break with the imposed regime, but always maintaining a legalistic stance, the ABCD Jornalwill have a distinct path some of its idealizers started their fight against the dictatorship imposed on the Brazil with clandestine actions and formation of guerrilla groups, after their arrests this group began a rapprochement of the trade union movement, denouncing the ills suffered by the works through the newspaper that constructed the ABCD Jornal, this will have like the leaf a legalistic stance, each interpreting to the strike movement from his point of view
O presente trabalho tem por intuito o estudo de como dois jornais noticiaram as greves de 1978, 1979 e 1980. Os dois jornais escolhidos como fonte de pesquisa foram o ABCD Jornale Folha de S. Paulo.A escolha destas greves como foco do estudo se deu devido a sua repercussão na mídia e seus desdobramentos por parte de seus lideres na criação de um partido político e uma Central dos Trabalhadores. O jornal A Folha,que defendeuo regime civil militar em seu nascimento, será um opositor das legislações criadas e busca romper com o regime imposto, porém, sempre mantendo uma postura legalista. O ABCD Jornalterá um caminho distinto, pois alguns de seus idealizadores iniciaram sua luta contra a ditadura imposta no Brasil com ações clandestinas e com a formação de grupo guerrilheiro. Após suas prisões este grupo iniciou uma reaproximação do movimento sindical, denunciando as mazelas sofridas pelos trabalhadores através do jornal que construíram o ABCD Jornal. O ABCD Jornal teve, assim como a Folha, uma postura legalista, cada um interpretando a lei sob seu ponto e vista
Books on the topic "Worker,s Strike"
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Stępniak, Mirosław. Narodziny S. Warszawa: Narodowe Centrum Kultury, 2014.
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A produção do real em gêneros do jornal impresso. São Paulo: Associação Editorial Humanitas, 2004.
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La révolte des traîneux de pieds: Histoire du Syndicat des employé(e)s de magasins et de bureaux de la SAQ. [Montréal]: Boréal, 1991.
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Saavedra, Miguel de Cervantes. Khitroumnyĭ idalʹgo Don Kikhot Lamanchskiĭ: S pribavleniem "Lzhekikhota" Avelʹi͡anedy : perevod "Don Kikhota" po izdanii͡u "Academia" 1929-1932 godov pod redakt͡sieĭ B.A. Krzhevskogo i A.A. Smirnova, posvi͡ashchennyĭ pami͡ati professora Dmitrii͡a Konstantinovicha Petrova. Moskva: "Nauka", 2003.
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Men at work: Labourers and building craftsmen in the towns of Northern England, 1450-1750. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
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Buck, Pearl S. The good earth. Oxford: ISIS, 1994.
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Buck, Pearl S. The Good Earth. New York: Washington Square Press, 1994.
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Buck, Pearl S. The good earth. Cutchogue, N.Y: Buccaneer Books, 1992.
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Buck, Pearl S. The good earth. Beirut: al-Bihar, 1999.
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1892-1973, Buck Pearl S., ed. The Good earth. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Worker,s Strike"
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Farmer, Paul. "4. Street Theatre and Cabaret." In After the Miners’ Strike, 61–66. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0329.06.
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Street theatre is another core activity of A39 and has a strong influence on our developing performance style. We use the same material and attitude to develop a cabaret act. Political and satirical songs are interspersed with more avant garde performance pieces. A39’s earnings through street performances are vitally necessary. We have no money and no financial support. Funding officers see A39 as at best an inconvenient irrelevance, at worst a threat to a carefully rationalised status quo. We reject many of their assumptions, including what we perceive as the Thatcherite privileging of production values. Unable to afford a van, we must use props and set that can share Lucy’s car with us. On 3 March 1985, the great Miners’ Strike ends and the miners go back to work without a deal. The winter has been hard. Soon the pit closures will begin, and will continue till there is all but nothing left to close. A39 feels a burning need to avenge; and we carry on working towards the debut of One & All!
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Farmer, Paul. "6. A39 International." In After the Miners’ Strike, 83–90. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0329.08.
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Our European tour is radically different to A39’s barnstorming round Cornwall. We set off in Lucy’s battered Renault 12, the four of us packed inside with our clothes, costumes, instruments, two tents and camping gear. We take the ferry from Dover to Ostend and perform hit-and-run street theatre in cities on a path leading eastwards and southwards through Belgium, Germany, and Austria towards the Iron Curtain where western capitalism confronts Eastern Bloc. Each night we camp in the Rastplätze of the Autobahns. The nominal terminus on our outward journey is Budapest in Hungary, not because we have any illusions about the nature of the Soviet satellite system, but because we want to see it for ourselves. We learn a great deal about performance, about creativity and about A39. Besides performing in Budapest, we take the opportunity of secure accommodation to create new material before setting back on the road. Once more we pay our way through street performances to return to Cornwall to work on a new touring play; an intention we find ourselves forced to postpone….
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Farmer, Paul. "5. Touring One & All!" In After the Miners’ Strike, 67–82. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0329.07.
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The first performance of One & All! is at the Crypt Centre in Truro at the end of March 1985 before a small audience of members and friends. Then we set out on tour to other community initiatives, local Labour groups, and anyone else who might arrange a show. We decide we need to carry our own theatre lighting, but the cost is prohibitive so we come to an ingenious if slightly dangerous arrangement. The show evolves. Political theatre and cabaret turn out to work well in Cornwall–you can say anything you liked as long as you are entertaining. An important part of A39 is its ‘hinterland’, its links to groups outside theatre. Initially this is composed of socialist and community groups, but it comes increasingly to include the Cornish cultural movement, a celebration and defence of communities, of the Cornish people’s relationships with work and with their part of the planet. These are too the causes for which the Miners’ Strike has been fought, so our commitment to this movement continues the struggle for which A39 was formed. A report for the ‘Regional Arts Association’, South West Arts (SWA), that functions as an agency of the Arts Council, dismisses A39’s work, and A39 is never to form a working relationship with SWA. Instead we participate in the Enterprise Allowance Scheme that will give us each an income and A39 prepares to go–international!
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Rakotoarisoa, Noronirina Victorine, Harimialimalala Jhonny Rabefiraisana, Berthe Rasoamampionona, Xavier Rakotonjanahary, and Abdelbagi Mukhtar Ali Ghanim. "Phenotyping for Resistance to Striga Asiatica in Rice and Maize Mutant Populations in Madagascar." In Mutation Breeding and Efficiency Enhancing Technologies for Resistance to Striga in Cereals, 65–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-68181-7_5.
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AbstractStriga asiatica is a major constraint to rain-fed rice (Oryza sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) production in the Middle West and South regions of Madagascar. This work aims to establish a robust and efficient field and glasshouse screening protocol for identification of rice and maize mutants having resistance/tolerance to Striga asiatica by assessing the host plant phenotypic response under severe S. asiatica infestation in soil. Our screening strategy involved field and glasshouse experiments where soils were artificially infested with S. asiatica seeds under fertilizer-free growing conditions. Two maize (Plata and IRAT200), and two rice (B22 and F154), farmer-preferred Striga susceptible varieties, gamma irradiated at different doses were screened in a Striga endemic area of the Middle West and compared to their respective unmutagenized lines. Rice M3 to M5 progenies were also screened in Striga infested pots in a glasshouse. Developed protocols enabled the production of promising new Striga resistant/tolerant varieties in both maize and rice adapted to Malagasy agriculture.
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Di Vecchia, Paolo. "String Theory." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 239–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23042-4_18.
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AbstractI start describing my interaction with Bruno during my thesis and then in his group in Frascati in connection with the calculation of the total cross-section of double bremsstrahlung that, at that time, was considered a good candidate as a monitor reaction for Adone. Then I discuss my transition to S-matrix theory and to the work that brought from the Dual Resonance Model to String Theory. I conclude describing the main results of String Theory in a way that could be followed by non-experts in the field.
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Rabefiraisana, Harimialimalala Jhonny, Abdelbagi Mukhtar Ali Ghanim, Alice Andrianjaka, Berthe Rasoamampionona, Ljupcho Jankuloski, Mbolatiana Alinà Razafindrasoa, Ratsimiala Ramonta Isabelle, Ivan Ingelbrecht, Nirina Hanitriniaina Ravelonjanahary, and Noronirina Victorine Rakotoarisoa. "Impact of mulch-based cropping systems using green mulch and residues on the performance of advanced mutant lines of maize (Zea mays (L.)) under infested field with the parasitic weed Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze in Madagascar." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 235–42. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0024.
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Abstract In Madagascar, cereal yields remain insufficient due to various biotic and abiotic constraints, including Striga asiatica, a parasitic weed that has contributed to decreased maize yield up to 100%. This work aims to assess the impact of the practice of two cropping systems on the maize crop infested by S. asiatica. PLATA maize seed of the putative tolerant mutant line from the M5 generation after gamma irradiation at 100, 200 and 300 Gy and of the sensitive parent variety were grown in fields naturally infested or artificially inoculated with one pinch of around 3000 ready-to-germinate seeds of S. asiatica. The cropping system (SCV) is a community of plants that is managed by a farm unit to achieve various human goals. The residue of Stylosanthes sp. legumes was used as mulch SCVm and the legume cowpea was planted with the host plant for the intercropping system SCVv. Results have shown that the use of mulch, either residue SCVm or green mulch SCVv, minimizes S. asiatica infestation on maize plants. The SCV reduces significantly the number of emerging Striga plants with an emergence of 1.33 ± 0.36 for SCVm, 4.33 ± 0.27 for SCVv and 15.00 ± 1.08 for the control. Moreover, M5 lines have shown significant differences in plant survival rate of 50.57 ± 1.25% to 80.00 ± 0.91%, versus 13.50 ± 0.47% for the parent variety. Yields of the parent and M5 lines on SCVm are, respectively, 3.46 ± 0.02 t/ha and 4.64 ± 0.01 t/ha, and 2.30 ± 0.04 t/ha and 3.61 ± 0.05 t/ha for SCVv, while that of the control plot remains low, varying from 0.50 ± 0.04 t/ha to 2.29 ± 0.01 t/ha. Cover increases soil humidity and delays the development of S. asiatica and infection of the host plant, thus improving host plant yield. These results demonstrate the benefit of the integrated approach of mutation breeding and cultural practice to ensure more durable crop production under heavy Striga infestation.
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Forrest, David, and Sue Vice. "The politics of hope in 1970s Britain." In Barry Hines. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781784992620.003.0003.
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This chapter focuses on a period of extremely fruitful aesthetic production for Hines, in terms of the novels and screenplays that followed A Kestrel for a Knave. During the 1970s, Hines’s political energies were directed towards considering the institutions and structures of life at a time of active struggle for workers’ rights. Thus industrial action is evident in his novel First Signs (1972), and the pair of Plays for Today The Price of Coal (1977) looks back at the miners’ strikes of the early 1970s even as it anticipates the catastrophic strike of 1984-5. 1973’s Play for Today Speech Day is an experimental play about the class-related implications of education and the dim prospects for school-leavers, his novel The Gamekeeper (1975) about class injustice in relation to private land-ownership. Tom Kite is an unproduced screenplay about the potential offered by football for a working-class man to escape his origins.
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Gossett, Thomas F. "Racism in the 1920’s." In Race, 370–408. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195097771.003.0015.
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Abstract DURING THE wAR, the energies of the American people were mainly channeled into immediate practical objectives. When the victory had been won, however, the passions and resentments which usually had been restrained for the sake of national unity were freer to indulge themselves. The factory and industrial workers—many of whom were immigrants or the children of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe—were determined to improve their economic position, through strikes if necessary. The Negro, aware from his experience in Europe that ideas of racial caste were by no means universal, was determined to better his position in this country. And the Americans of the older ethnic groups were more and more intent upon holding the line against the rise in status of ethnic groups they believed to be inferior.
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Porter, Brian. "Organization." In When Nationalism Began to Hate, 135–56. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195131468.003.0007.
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Abstract In the 1880s, while the young intellectuals of the Kingdom—the niepokorni—were trying to define the lud on the pages of their legal and illegal periodicals, the actual peasants and workers were raising their heads and voices. Their activities were particularly evident in the cities. Throughout the entire decade of the 1870s there were only eighteen strikes in the Kingdom, but during the 1880s there were more than forty, involving 27,000 workers (mainly in the textile center of Łódź, the mines of the Dąbrowa basin, and Warsaw).1 These had little to do with the agitation of the intelligentsia: after Waryński’ s group was broken up by the police in 1886, the number of strikes only increased (to seven in 1887 and eleven in 1888, including one in Łódź that mobilized 8,000 workers).
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Schultz, William Todd. "How to Strike Psychological Pay Dirt in Biographical Data." In Handbook Of Psychobiography, 42–63. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195168273.003.0003.
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Abstract Choosing a subject to think and write about is the first step in any psychobiography. At some point a person, for an untold surplus of reasons partly conscious yet usually mostly unconscious, starts waving at you, calling out from a distance. Come see about me! Sometimes you stop to wonder, Why this individual particularly? Or you wonder why later, after finishing your work, especially in cases when this individual seems to have a lot in common with other individuals who have waved and called in similar fashion before. Perhaps a certain type of person fascinates you uniquely, pulls on you in ways difficult to resist. Maybe the people you write about resemble you. Maybe you write about those you detest, with the aim (unconscious) of justifying your enmity. Maybe you write about people you admire, in possession of talents you wish you possessed. Whatever the case, this “why “ question is worth mulling over. It may even constitute a place to start, or at least somewhere to sojourn as the process of research unfolds. As I discuss in my chapter on Diane Arbus (see Schultz, chap. 8 this vol.), it sometimes happens that the “why “ factor interferes with “whats “ and other “whys. “ Our own needs can get in the way, that is, leaving us dangerously cock-eyed. So be watchful. The doing of psychobiography occasionally careens into autobiography. And when that happens, as it did to Freud in his work on Leonardo, even the most elegantly assembled edifice goes up in smoke. Elms ‘s (1994) advice works well as a general principle: best to select a subject for whom your feelings are neither strongly negative nor strongly positive. It ‘s not possible to feel nothing.
Conference papers on the topic "Worker,s Strike"
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Tang, Bowen, Xiantao Fan, and Wei Tan. "Experimental Study on Flow-Induced Vibration Control of Multiple Cylinders in Tandem With Helical Strakes." In ASME 2022 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-84443.
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Abstract Flow-induced vibration (FIV) is a significant phenomenon that often occurs in actual situations, such as chemical towers, stacks, risers and offshore structures. Taking effective artificial measurements to control FIV is crucial to achieve the safe and long-period operation of engineering structures. Many researchers have verified that helical strakes can efficiently disturb the Karman vortex streets and suppress the vortex-induced vibration of isolated structures. The effect of helical strakes on controlling the FIV of gathered structures still needs to be investigated due to the complex vortex-structure interactions. A system of multiple cylinders with elastic support is an idealized representative to model the gathered engineering structures, which was used in the present work. The dynamic responses of three tandem cylinders (m*ξ = 0.09) with helical strakes under different spaces were experimentally tested in a wind tunnel. All cylinders were allowed to vibrate in the cross-flow direction. The experimental wind speed range was 0.5∼11 m/s, and the cross-section shapes of the helical strakes were designed to be square, involute and D-shaped. The vibration responses of the cylinders after installing helical strakes were analysed through comparison with those of the plain tandem cylinders. It is concluded that the D-shaped helical strake can decrease the FIV responses of tandem cylinders by 56.8% due to the reduction in the lift coefficients of the cylinders. Furthermore, the optimal parameters of the D-shaped helical strake for the tandem cylinders under different spaces were obtained, which can provide a theoretical basis for the FIV control of gathered engineering structures.
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Khatib, J., Ali Hussein Jahami, Mohammed Sonebi, and Adel Elkordi. "Shear Behavior of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.730.
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This research work aimed to study the usage of Bamboo strips as shear reinforcement in reinforced concrete (RC) beams. Four beams were considered in this study. The flexural reinforcement for all beams was the same. As for shear reinforcement, one beam was reinforced with conventional shear reinforcement with spacing (s=180 mm), while the other three beams were reinforced with bamboo strips with three different spacings (s=180 mm, s= 90 mm, and s=60 mm). The beams were subjected to a four-point bending test to plot the load-deflection curve for each beam. Results showed that the beam reinforced with bamboo strips spaced at 180 mm has 30% higher shear capacity than the beam with conventional shear reinforcement at the same spacing. Also, as the spacing of bamboo strips decreased, the shear capacity of beams increased nonlinearly.
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Collard, Jack, Jake Lanham, and Brad G. Davis. "Holmquist-Johnson-Cook Constitutive Model Validation and Experimental Study on the Impact Response of Cellular Concrete." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71914.
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Abstract In a previous study by Davis and Dequenne, a Holmquist-Johnson-Cook (HJC) constitutive model for a cellular concrete with a nominal density of 1442 kg/m3 was developed from existing direct tension, uniaxial strain, and triaxial shear testing conducted at the United States Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) and Sandia National Laboratory (SNL). The resulting constitutive model was compared to depth of penetration results from testing conducted by Goodman at the Aberdeen Test Center with promising results. This study seeks to build on this previous work by producing depth of penetration and perforation experiments using non-deforming projectiles into a similar cellular concrete for validation of the fit HJC model. Depth of penetration experiments were conducted by firing into a 305 mm thick panel over a velocity range of 200–800 m/s with the strike velocity and depth of penetration recorded for each experiment. Perforation experiments were conducted over a range of 200–800 m/s against panels with thicknesses of 38 mm, 76 mm, and 114 mm with the strike velocity, residual velocity, and crater characteristics recorded for each experiment. 2D numerical simulations were conducted for each experiment and the results were compared for initial model validation, but additional experimental testing and simulation is required. There is error between the experimental and numerical results and a sensitivity analysis should be conducted to determine where additional testing is appropriate to improve the model’s correlation with experimental results.
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Wang, Junshi, Vadim Pavlov, Zhipeng Lou, and Haibo Dong. "Computational Investigation of Thrust Production of a Dolphin at Various Swimming Speeds." In ASME 2021 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2021-65792.
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Abstract Dolphins are known for their outstanding swimming performance. However, the difference in flow physics at different speeds remains elusive. In this work, the underlying mechanisms of dolphin swimming at three speeds, 2 m/s, 5 m/s, and 8 m/s, are explored using a combined experimental and numerical approach. Using the scanned CAD model of the Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) and virtual skeleton-based surface reconstruction method, a three-dimensional high-fidelity computational model is obtained with time-varying kinematics. A sharp-interface immersed-boundary-method (IBM) based direct numerical simulation (DNS) solver is employed to calculate the corresponding thrust production, wake structure, and surface pressure at different swimming speeds. It is found that the fluke keeps its effective angle of attack at high values for about 60% of each stroke. The total pressure force coefficient along the x-axis converges as the speed increase. The flow and surface pressure analysis both show considerable differences between lower (2 m/s) and higher (5 m/s and 8 m/s) speeds. The results from this work help to bring new insight into understanding the force generation mechanisms of the highly efficient dolphin swimming and offer potential suggestions to the future designs of unmanned underwater vehicles.
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Chang, Yi-chu, and Won-jong Kim. "Design and Implementation of an Ionic-Polymer-Metal-Composite Aquatic Biomimetic Robot." In ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-6023.
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Smart materials have been used in various applications. In this paper, a walking robot with six two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) legs made of ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) is designed and implemented. Each leg can work as both a supporter and a driver, closely mimicking a real insect. To support and drive the robot, thicker (around 1 mm in thickness) IPMC strips were fabricated and used, and a 0.2-rad/s square wave is given as an input signal. The IPMC strips exhibit better performance in response to the square wave (8 mm) than sawtooth (4 mm) and sinusoidal (6 mm) waves in deflection. By applying this input signal in sequence, all the IPMC strips bend and walk in the form of six legs. In addition, thin magnet wires were used to supply power to each strip to prevent from confining the motion of our robot. Six lower legs are divided into two groups that work in the opposite directions to move the robot forward by turns. Upper legs are also divided into two groups to lift up their lower legs from making the robot to move back to the same place. The sizes of the IPMC strips and our robot (102 mm × 80 mm × 43 mm) were decided to exhibit better performance (0.5 mm/s) according to our tests.
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Gainey, Brian, Ziming Yan, Mozhgan Rahimi-Boldaji, and Benjamin Lawler. "On the Effects of Injection Strategy, EGR, and Intake Boost on TSCI With Wet Ethanol." In ASME 2019 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2019-7164.
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Abstract Using a split injection of wet ethanol, where a portion of the fuel is injected during the compression stroke, has been shown to be an effective way to enable thermally stratified compression ignition (TSCI), an advanced, low temperature combustion (LTC) mode that aims to control the heat release process by enhancing thermal stratification, thereby extending the load range of LTC. Wet ethanol is the ideal fuel candidate to enable TSCI because it has a high latent heat of vaporization and low equivalence ratio sensitivity. Previous work has shown “early” compression stroke injections (−150 to −100 deg aTDC) have the potential to control the start of combustion while “mid” compression stroke injections (−90 to −30 deg aTDC) have the potential to control in-cylinder thermal stratification, thereby controlling the heat release rate. In this work, a mixture of 80% ethanol and 20% water by mass is used to further study the injection strategy of TSCI combustion. Additionally, the impact of external, cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and intake boost level on the effectiveness of a split injection of wet ethanol to control the heat release process are investigated. It was found that neither external, cooled EGR, nor intake boost level has any impact on the effectiveness of the compression stroke injection(s) at controlling the burn rate of TSCI. It was also seen that external, cooled EGR has the potential to increase the overall tailpipe combustion efficiency, while intake boost has the potential to decrease NOx emissions at the expense of combustion efficiency by lowering the global equivalence ratio.
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Sleight Crawford, Carmen, Mariia Smyk, Sophia Cheung, Doug Coughran, Jeffrey Costello, ZhiYi Liang, and Amos G. Winter. "Proposed Design for Electromechanical Telescoping Actuator to Replace Hydraulics in Extreme High Force and Long Stroke Applications." In ASME 2023 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2023-115098.
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Abstract The increasing demand for electrification in various industries has led to the need for new technology to evolve and support this shift. Manufacturers in the industrial and military market are exploring the electrification of its hydraulic actuation devices in order to improve efficiency, sustainability, and maintenance. However, replacing hydraulic actuators with electromechanical alternatives presents a significant challenge, particularly in high force, high stroke applications that require a stroke length of 2.4 m (8 ft) to 6.7 m (22 ft) and the delivery of 150 kN of force. In this paper, we present the design and scaled-prototype of an electromechanical telescoping actuator architecture that can meet these demanding requirements. The proposed design relies on screw and nut mechanisms that are engaged simultaneously in a telescoping manner and is able to achieve more than double extension of its collapsed length. Our group was able to successfully develop and evaluate the design and build a scaled-down prototype that could likely serve as a direct replacement for currently used long-stroke high-force hydraulics. The prototype was able to achieve extension from 17 cm (7 in) to 49 cm (19.2 in) with 10 s cycle time, and is able to lift at least 28 N (6.3 lbf). This work was done in partnership with Oshkosh Corporation.
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Lejre, Kasper H., Søren Kiil, Peter Glarborg, Henrik Christensen, and Stefan Mayer. "Reaction of Sulfuric Acid in Lube Oil: Implications for Large Two-Stroke Diesel Engines." In ASME 2017 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2017-3580.
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Slow-steaming operation and an increased pressure in the combustion chamber have contributed to increased sulfuric acid (H2SO4) condensation on the cylinder liners in large two-stroke marine diesel engines, thus causing increased corrosion wear. To cope with this, lube oils are formulated with overbased detergent additives present as CaCO3 reverse micelles to neutralize the condensing H2SO4. In this present work, a mixed flow reactor (MFR) setup aims to investigate the neutralization reaction by varying Ca/S molar ratio, stirrer speed, H2SO4 inlet concentration, and residence time. Lube oil samples from the outlet of the MFR were analysed by use of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and a titration method. The MFR results indicate that the CaCO3-H2SO4 reaction is very fast in a real engine, if the cylinder liner is well-wetted, the oil-film is well-mixed, and contains excess of CaCO3 compared to the condensed H2SO4. The observed corrosion wear in large two-stroke marine diesel engines could consequently be attributed to local molar excess of H2SO4 compared to CaCO3 reverse micelles on the cylinder liners.
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Ren, Ping, and Dennis Hong. "Instantaneous Kinematics and Singularity Analysis of a Novel Three-Legged Mobile Robot With Active S-R-R-R Legs." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49552.
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STriDER (Self-excited Tripedal Dynamic Experimental Robot) is a unique three-legged walking robot that utilizes its innovative tripedal gait to walk. Previous work on the kinematic analysis of STriDER mainly focused on solving the forward and inverse displacement problems. As a continuation, this paper addresses the instantaneous kinematics and singularity analysis. The kinematic configuration of STriDER is modeled as a three-legged in-parallel manipulator when all three feet of the robot are in contact with the ground without slipping. The results obtained from this study can be implemented to the velocity control and the resistance of disturbance forces, thus improving the motion accuracy and stability of the robot. By using screw theory, the screw-based Jacobian matrices of the manipulator can be derived since the forward displacement problems have already been solved. Based on these Jacobian matrices, the transformation equations from the active joint rates to the velocities of the body and vice versa are derived. Then, a complete investigation on the identification and elimination of singularities is presented. Unlike serial manipulators, in-parallel manipulators have two types of singularities, i.e., forward and inverse singularities. The inverse singularities are identified by checking the singular configurations of individual legs and the determinant of the inverse Jacobian matrix. By using Grassmann line geometry, the analytical conditions under which the forward singularities occur are obtained. A study on each case of these singular configurations shows that the redundant-actuation scheme of the active joints can effectively eliminate forward singularities.
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Mao, Min, Wei Hu, Norman M. Wereley, Alan L. Browne, and J. C. Ulicny. "A Nonlinear Analytical Model for Magnetorheological Energy Absorbers Under Impact Conditions." In ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1447.
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Linear stroke magnetorheological energy absorbers (MREAs) can be used to adaptively control load-stroke profiles under impact loads. An appropriate and controllable dynamic range, defined as the ratio of the force at maximum field to the off-state force, as well as the off-state (minimum) damping force, must be specified in order to account for varying payload mass over a wide range of MREA operating velocities. A key challenge when designing MREAs for high speed impact conditions is that the high shaft speeds in linear stroke MREAs induce high Reynolds number flows in the magnetic valve of the MREA, so that high dynamic range canbe a design challenge. Previous studies demonstrated that the dynamic range, D, of an MREA under high speed drop impact test dramatically dropped to D≈1 as velocity rose to 6.6 m/s, where Reynolds number, Re>2000. Also, past research on MREAs typically assumed that the off-state force increases linearly with speed, but at the higher shaft speeds occurring in impact events, the off-state damping exhibits nonlinear velocity squared damping effects. This problem was recognized in our prior work where it was shown that minor losses are important contributing factors to off-state damping. In this study, a nonlinear analytical MREA model, based on the Bingham-plastic nonlinear flow model (BP model), is combined with semi-analytical minor loss factors to develop a BPM model. From this BPM model, an effective design strategy is presented for conventional MREAs and an MREA designed. The BPM model was validated via finite element analysis (FEA), so that MREA performance could be verified before manufacture. The MREA was fabricated and tested up to effective piston velocity of 5 m/s using the high speed drop tower facility at GM R&D Center. Comparison of our analysis with measured data shows that the BPM model can accurately predict off-state (passive) MREA performance under impact conditions, and the effective deign of the MREA using the BPM was validated.
Reports on the topic "Worker,s Strike"
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Orth. L51762 Investigation of Fatigue Properties of Girth Welds with Root Imperfections Allowed. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010233.
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Fatigue analysis of welded components and structures according to established codes is based upon either S-N design curves or fracture mechanics principles. Fatigue damage in nominally sound joints is commonly estimated using an appropriate S-N curve in conjunction with a linear cumulative damage rule (i.e., Miner"s rule). By comparison, fracture mechanics is used to assess the growth of an imperfection during a period of cyclic loading, or to assess whether an imperfection will remain dormant under the applied cyclic loading condition. Thus, the S-N approach is used mostly during initial design, while the fracture mechanics approach is used mostly to justify the continued operation of existing structures. As the aim of this investigation is the rationalization of certain features of API-1104, an initial design code, the S-N approach was used here. The work described in this report was aimed at determining the effect of root imperfections allowed by API 1104 on the fatigue properties of girth welds, and to recommend a S-N curve appropriate for girth welds in pipelines. S-N curves were developed for single-sided girth welds without a backing strip using pipe strip specimens containing various sizes of incomplete root penetration and lack-of-root sidewall fusion.
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Pajo, Bianka, Peter J. Becker, Philippe L. Bourdeau, and Marika Santagata. Data Interpretation of Automated Plate Load Test (APLT) for Real-Time In Situ Determination of Unbound Layer Resilient Modulus. Purdue University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317653.
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This project examined the results of an extensive program of (1) cyclic plate loading tests carried out at Purdue University’s S-BRITE site on two testing strips comprised of a coarse aggregate (Indiana #53) subbase layer compacted over either untreated or cement-stabilized subgrade, and (2) static loading tests conducted on #53 aggregate compacted in a 3.6-foot-deep testing pit. The testing program on the two strips included multistage resilient modulus (MR) tests and extended cyclic performance tests with random distributed loading (RDL) on both the subbase and the underlying subgrade. Two of the RDL tests were performed at locations where a nonwoven geotextile had been placed between subgrade and subbase. The work was aimed at improving the understanding of the behavior of subbase and subgrade materials under cyclic loading, mitigating ambiguities regarding the performance of subbase and subgrade materials, and exploring the use of automated plate load tests for determining such properties, ultimately advancing the state of pavement design practice at INDOT.
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Hedrick, Jacob, and Timothy Jacobs. PR-457-14201-R02 Variable NG Composition Effects in LB 2S Compressor Engines Phase I Engine Response. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010997.
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This is the final report summarizing work completed during the first phase of the PRCI study on large bore two stroke lean burn integral compressor engine response to variable natural gas compositions for the purposes of engine control development. Accomplished tasks include the completion of a detailed literature review covering the research topic, a parametric study of laminar flame speeds and ignition delays for binary methane and ethane mixtures up to 30%, and a GT-Power engine model of the Colorado State GMV-4 research engine with associated validation data from CSU�s variable ethane effects study. The chemistry of the combustion reaction is crucial to accurate modeling; laminar flame speeds and ignition delays as function of composition were determined from the solutions to published chemical kinetics mechanisms GRI-Mech3.0 and Saudi Aramco Mech1.3, respectively. The Wiebe coefficients correlated to variations in ethane composition and spark timing were regressed from the crank angle resolved heat release rates. The Wiebe coefficients are the most significant achievement of this phase of the project, since they quantify the heat release as a function of composition. At this time, the Wiebe parameters only reflect the relative changes in the model since certain aspect of the models geometry are pending resolution. Future phases of the project could use the developed GT-Power model and Wiebe coefficients for development of control schemes that maintain emissions, speed and torque limits, and maximize thermal efficiency during a variable fuel composition event.
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Bennett, Alan B., Arthur A. Schaffer, Ilan Levin, Marina Petreikov, and Adi Doron-Faigenboim. Manipulating fruit chloroplasts as a strategy to improve fruit quality. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598148.bard.
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The Original Objectives were modified and two were eliminated to reflect the experimental results: Objective 1 - Identify additional genetic variability in SlGLK2 and IPin wild, traditional and heirloom tomato varieties Objective 2 - Determine carbon balance and horticultural characteristics of isogenic lines expressing functional and non-functional alleles of GLKsand IP Background: The goal of the research was to understand the unique aspects of chloroplasts and photosynthesis in green fruit and the consequences of increasing the chloroplast capacity of green fruit for ripe fruit sugars, yield, flavor and nutrient qualities. By focusing on the regulation of chloroplast formation and development solely in fruit, our integrated knowledge of photosynthetic structures/organs could be broadened and the results of the work could impact the design of manipulations to optimize quality outputs for the agricultural fruit with enhanced sugars, nutrients and flavors. The project was based on the hypothesis that photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic plastid metabolism in green tomato fruit is controlled at a basal level by light for minimal energy requirements but fruit-specific genes regulate further development of robust chloroplasts in this organ. Our BARD project goals were to characterize and quantitate the photosynthesis and chloroplast derived products impacted by expression of a tomato Golden 2- like 2 transcription factor (US activities) in a diverse set of 31 heirloom tomato lines and examine the role of another potential regulator, the product of the Intense Pigment gene (IP activities). Using tomato Golden 2-like 2 and Intense Pigment, which was an undefined locus that leads to enhanced chloroplast development in green fruit, we sought to determine the benefits and costs of extensive chloroplast development in fruit prior to ripening. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter, coding and intronicSlGLK2 sequences of 20 heirloom tomato lines were identified and three SlGLK2 promoter lineages were identified; two lineages also had striped fruit variants. Lines with striped fruit but no shoulders were not identified. Green fruit chlorophyll and ripe fruit soluble sugar levels were measured in 31 heirloom varieties and fruit size correlates with ripe fruit sugars but dark shoulders does not. A combination of fine mapping, recombinant generation, RNAseq expression and SNP calling all indicated that the proposed localization of a single locus IP on chr 10 was incorrect. Rather, the IP line harbored 11 separate introgressions from the S. chmielewskiparent, scattered throughout the genome. These introgressions harbored ~3% of the wild species genome and no recombinant consistently recovered the IP parental phenotype. The 11 introgressions were dissected into small combinations in segregating recombinant populations. Based on these analyses two QTL for Brix content were identified, accounting for the effect of increased Brix in the IP line. Scientific and agricultural implications: SlGLK2 sequence variation in heirloom tomato varieties has been identified and can be used to breed for differences in SlGLK2 expression and possibly in the green striped fruit phenotype. Two QTL for Brix content have been identified in the S. chmielewskiparental line and these can be used for increasing soluble solids contents in breeding programs.
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Wilcox. PR-015-09200-R01A Compressor and Pump Station Incidents and Technology Gaps. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), October 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010956.
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In 2008, Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI) took the initiative to identify the main causes of reportable incidents in compressor and pump stations. Data was gathered from several sources including the United States� Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, Canada�s National Energy Board, and PRCI member companies. More than 1600 incidents were reviewed over an 18 year period (1990 to 2008). The incidents were evaluated based on their frequency of occurrence and the consequences of the incidents (injury, ignition, environmental impact, etc�). In pump stations, pump seals, valves out of sequence due to operator error, and gasket and bolting were identified as the highest impact incidents types. In compressor stations, the three highest impact incident types were found to be pipe components, natural forces (hurricanes and lightning strikes), and gaskets and bolting. During the 2008 project, research roadmaps were developed based on the results of the incident data review. In the process of defining the research projects, a brief review into the available technology for the incidents types was conducted. It was quickly found that a more detailed state-of-the-art review was needed to accurately identify the research required for several of the incident areas. Therefore, a state-of-the-art review of the three highest impact incidents in pump and compressor stations was proposed. The work documented in this paper is the state-of-the-art review of these incidents. In the PRCI CPS 9-1 (2008) project, it was found that more information was needed on several of the incidents in order to fully define the root cause. Therefore, the first task of the PRCI CPS 9-1 (2009) effort was to attempt to gather more information on the top three impact incident types. Thirty-two pipeline companies were contacted and additional information was provided for approximately 25% of the incidents. From the review of this additional and past data, several focus areas were identified for the state-of-the-art reviews. The state-of-the-art studies included a survey of the current technology, identification of common failure mechanisms, and review of strategies to reduce incident occurrences. These studies are reviewed in detail in the appendices of this document. From the state-of-the-art studies and the incident review, technology gaps were identified. Technology gaps are areas where new innovative technologies or applications are required to address current inspection/maintenance strategies for a particular piece of equipment or task. Technology gaps were only identified for pump seals. These gaps included the inability for pump seals to survive process upset conditions, inability to correctly identify and model expected loads and operating conditions for pump seal selection, and lack of installed seal inspection or life prediction methods except through leakage detection. All other incident types (valves out of sequence due to operator error, gaskets and bolting, pipe components, and natural forces) have adequate technology to address the incident occurrences. In the majority of the incidents, even though the technologies exist, it may not be used or applied correctly. Several recommendations were made for future work. These included work that a company may consider conducting internally to reduce the occurrence of incidents and future research. The recommendations for future work for operators and research for industry are summarized in a list below. Research items included on the research roadmaps are indicated with an asterisk.
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Identification of Hazards in Meat Products Manufactured From Cultured Animal Cells. Food Standards Agency, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.crw572.
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Culturing of animal cells was developed in the late 19th and early 20th century, when researchers worked out how to support the growth of cells in media in an ex-vivo environment(footnote). The technology has been used commercially in the medical products industry, notably to produce antibodies for use as new medicines and as reagents in diagnostics. Animal cell culturing has expanded into the food industry especially due to its benefit in promoting sustainability for example by freeing up global arable land used for livestock farming, with cultured meat predicted to enter the UK market in the coming year(s) and already on the market in Singapore. With this in sight, a systematic search protocol was devised to identify hazardous concerns that will help inform the risk assessment for any future applications for authorisation to the FSA. To note, the term ‘cultured’ is now referred to as ‘cultivated’ but the report uses the former term to keep in line with the search string used for the research. This report was limited to meat products manufactured from cultured animal cells. Even though majority of these hazards cross-over to other products such as fish, there is potential to evaluate hazards associated with fish/seafood products separately in the near future. This hazard identification considers the nature of potential hazards associated with the production of cultured animal cells; a novel technology that uses animal cells and cell culturing to produce a substance that resembles meat thus avoiding animal rearing for meat products or aquaculture. As cultured animal cells may pose new risks this report aims to ‘scope out’ the technology to gain an understanding of it and to identify the potential risks that this may pose