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Journal articles on the topic 'Workcells'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Beju, Livia Dana. "Algorithm for workcells design." MATEC Web of Conferences 343 (2021): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134303002.

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The paper presents a methodology for the design of the manufacturing cells, covering all the necessary steps, from the analysis of the customers’ needs, to part families for group technologies, process engineering, control procedures, production rate, production planning (push or pull workflow), supply in the manufacturing cell, workcell configuration, work standardisation. The necessary tools through each stage are presented. Also, there are presented links to major company systems. For each design stage, deliverables are specified. this design approach is not linear. At each stage it is possible (and indicated) to go back and analyse the previously established parameters. The methodology is a complex one, and in a wider space the detailed parameters will be presented in extenso.

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2

BORCHELT, R. D., and S. ALPTEKIN. "Error recovery in intelligent robotic workcells." International Journal of Production Research 32, no. 1 (January 1994): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207549408956916.

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3

Antonelli, Dario, Qingfei Zeng, Khurshid Aliev, and Xuemei Liu. "Robust assembly sequence generation in a Human-Robot Collaborative workcell by reinforcement learning." FME Transactions 49, no. 4 (2021): 851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2104851a.

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Human-Robot Collaborative (HRC) workcells could enhance the inclusive employment of human workers regardless their force or skills. Collaborative robots not only substitute humans in dangerous and heavy tasks, but also make the related processes within the reach of all workers, overcoming lack of skills and physical limitations. To enable the full exploitation of collaborative robots traditional robot programming must be overcome. Reduction of robot programming time and worker cognitive effort during the job become compelling requirements to be satisfied. Reinforcement learning (RL) plays a core role to allow robot to adapt to a changing and unstructured environment and to human undependable execution of repetitive tasks. The paper focuses on the utilization of RL to allow a robust industrial assembly process in a HRC workcell. The result of the study is a method for the online generation of robot assembly task sequence that adapts to the unpredictable and inconstant behavior of the human co-workers. The method is presented with the help of a benchmark case study.

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4

Hight, Terry H. "Implementation of Robotics Workcells in the Laboratory." Journal of Liquid Chromatography 9, no. 14 (October 1986): 3191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01483918608074176.

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5

Felder, Robin A. "Modular workcells: modern methods for laboratory automation." Clinica Chimica Acta 278, no. 2 (December 1998): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-8981(98)00151-x.

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6

Erdős, Gábor, Imre Paniti, and Bence Tipary. "Transformation of robotic workcells to digital twins." CIRP Annals 69, no. 1 (2020): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2020.03.003.

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7

Chan, Timothy, Kedar Godbole, and Edwin Hou. "Optimal Input Shaper Design For High-Speed Robotic Workcells." Journal of Vibration and Control 9, no. 12 (December 2003): 1359–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546304031165.

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This paper deals with the feedforward control of a high-speed robotic workcell used by the NIST-ATP Precision Optoelectronics Assembly Consortium as a coarse stage to achieve micrometer-level placement accuracy. To maximize the speed of response under different load conditions, robust feedforward algorithms are considered. An optimal shaper is synthesized to trade off performance and robustness according to assembly specifications of the workcell. The optimal shaper along with standard shaper designs such as zero vibration, zero vibration and derivative, and extra insensitive are applied to conduct cycle time testing on the robotic workcell. The performance of each shaper is evaluated with respect to residual vibration, robustness, and speed. Specifically, the workcell performance for various unknown loading conditions is observed. It is shown that the optimal shaper produces the best overall results.

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Hock Soon, Tan, and Robert de Souza School. "Intelligent simulation‐based scheduling of workcells: an approach." Integrated Manufacturing Systems 8, no. 1 (February 1997): 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069710158754.

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9

Seo, Yoonho, Dongmok Sheen, Chiung Moon, and Taioun Kim. "Integrated design of workcells and unidirectional flowpath layout." Computers & Industrial Engineering 51, no. 1 (September 2006): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2006.07.006.

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10

Lueth, T. C. "Automated Computer-Aided Layout Planning for Robot Workcells." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 25, no. 7 (May 1992): 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)52412-x.

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11

Rajan, Arvind, and Moshe Segal. "Assigning Components to Robotic Workcells for Electronic Assembly." AT&T Technical Journal 68, no. 3 (May 6, 1989): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1989.tb00322.x.

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12

Storiale, Federica, Enrico Ferrentino, and Pasquale Chiacchio. "Planning of efficient trajectories in robotized assembly of aerostructures exploiting kinematic redundancy." Manufacturing Review 8 (2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mfreview/2021007.

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Aerospace production volumes have increased over time and robotic solutions have been progressively introduced in the aeronautic assembly lines to achieve high-quality standards, high production rates, flexibility and cost reduction. Robotic workcells are sometimes characterized by robots mounted on slides to increase the robot workspace. The slide introduces an additional degree of freedom, making the system kinematically redundant, but this feature is rarely used to enhance performances. The paper proposes a new concept in trajectory planning, that exploits the redundancy to satisfy additional requirements. A dynamic programming technique is adopted, which computes optimized trajectories, minimizing or maximizing the performance indices of interest. The use case is defined on the LABOR (Lean robotized AssemBly and cOntrol of composite aeRostructures) project which adopts two cooperating six-axis robots mounted on linear axes to perform assembly operations on fuselage panels. Considering the needs of this workcell, unnecessary robot movements are minimized to increase safety, the mechanical stiffness is maximized to increase stability during the drilling operations, collisions are avoided, while joint limits and the available planning time are respected. Experiments are performed in a simulation environment, where the optimal trajectories are executed, highlighting the resulting performances and improvements with respect to non-optimized solutions.

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13

Chang, Timothy, Kedar Godbole, and Edwin Hou. "Optimal Input Shaper Design For High-Speed Robotic Workcells." Journal of Vibration and Control 9, no. 12 (December 1, 2003): 1359–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107754603031165.

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14

Marvel, Jeremy A., and Rick Norcross. "Implementing speed and separation monitoring in collaborative robot workcells." Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 44 (April 2017): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2016.08.001.

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15

Hryniewicz, P., W. Banaś, A. Sękala, A. Gwiazda, K. Foit, and G. Kost. "Object positioning in storages of robotized workcells using LabVIEW Vision." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 95 (November 3, 2015): 012098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/95/1/012098.

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16

López-Mellado, E., and G. Escalada-Imaz. "A Scheme for On-Line Failure Diagnosis in Assembly Workcells." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 21, no. 15 (September 1988): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)54682-0.

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17

Gu, Edward Y. L., and Naim A. Kheir. "Optimal task planning and control of multi-robot coordinated workcells." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 32, no. 2 (July 1999): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)56114-5.

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18

Walker, Ian, Adam Hoover, and Yanfei Liu. "Handling unpredicted motion in industrial robot workcells using sensor networks." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 33, no. 1 (January 2006): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01439910610638234.

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19

Ramirez-Serrano, A., and B. Benhabib. "Supervisory control of reconfigurable flexible-manufacturing workcells - temporary addition of resources." International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 16, no. 2 (January 2003): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713804986.

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20

Banas, W., A. Sekala, A. Gwiazda, K. Foit, P. Hryniewicz, and G. Kost. "The modular design of robotic workcells in a flexible production line." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 95 (November 3, 2015): 012099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/95/1/012099.

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21

Chaney, K. D., and J. K. Davidson. "A Synthesis Method For Placing Workpieces In RPR Planar Robotic Workcells." Journal of Mechanical Design 120, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826967.

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A new method is used for determining both a satisfactory location of a workpiece and a suitable mounting-angle of the tool for planar RPR robots that can provide dexterous workspace. All three joints of the robot have excursion-limits that bound their displacement. For the purposes of this paper, the third joint, a revolute, permits exactly one full turn. Successful locations for the workpiece are those places where the rotations at each task-axis and the third joint are synchronized. For a fixed mounting angle of the tool, the radial location and orientation of the workpiece are determined by just two 2π-rotations of the tool. When the mounting-angle of the tool is also a variable, the tool can be rotated a full turn at three locations on the workpiece. The method is particularly well suited to applications in which the task requires large rotations of the end-effector. The results are presented as coordinates of points in a two-dimensional Cartesian reference frame attached to the workcell. Consequently, a technician or an engineer can determine the location for the workpiece by laying out these coordinates directly in the workcell. Example problems illustrate the method. Practical applications include welding and deposition of adhesives.

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22

Lauzon, S. C., J. K. Mills, and B. Benhabib. "An implementation methodology for the supervisory control of flexible manufacturing workcells." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 16, no. 2 (January 1997): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-6125(97)85673-7.

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23

Davidson, J. K., and K. D. Chaney. "A design procedure for RPR planar robotic workcells: an algebraic approach." Mechanism and Machine Theory 34, no. 2 (February 1999): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0094-114x(98)00024-x.

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24

Borangiu, Th, A. Hossu, and Fl Ionesou. "A Low Cost Control Structure for Flexible Production Lines with Multitask Workcells." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 25, no. 23 (September 1992): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)52221-1.

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25

Soman, N. A., and J. K. Davidson. "A Two-Dimensional Formulation for Path-Placement in the Workcells of Planar 3-R Robots." Journal of Mechanical Design 117, no. 3 (September 1, 1995): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826703.

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A new systematic formulation is presented that determines suitable locations for a workpiece, and its associated task-motion, in the workspace of a three-hinged planar (SCARA) robotic workcell. It determines all acceptable positions for the first joint of the robot relative to the workpiece; therefore, all solutions are represented as an area in two dimensions, unlike existing methods of motion-planning that present them as a volume in a three-dimensional joint-space for the same planar robot. This simplifies the solution-space by reducing its dimension from three to two. All possible acceptable designs appear in a graphical form that can be readily visualized and directly measured in a Cartesian frame of reference in the workcell. Applications include locating workpieces with tool-paths for fusion welding and for deposition of adhesives.

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26

Refaat, Tarek K., Ramez M. Daoud, and Hassanein H. Amer. "Wireless Fault-Tolerant Controllers in Cascaded Industrial Workcells Using Wi-Fi and Ethernet." Intelligent Control and Automation 04, no. 04 (2013): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ica.2013.44041.

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27

Xu Su. "A Novel Multi-robot Workcells Designing and Positioning Method in Three-dimensional Space." International Journal of Advancements in Computing Technology 4, no. 19 (October 31, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/ijact.vol4.issue19.1.

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28

Ramirez-Serrano, A., C. Sriskandarajah, and B. Benhabib. "Automata-based modeling and control synthesis for manufacturing workcells with part-routing flexibility." IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation 16, no. 6 (2000): 807–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/70.897791.

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29

Tipary, Bence, and Gábor Erdős. "Generic development methodology for flexible robotic pick-and-place workcells based on Digital Twin." Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 71 (October 2021): 102140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2021.102140.

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30

Gašpar, Timotej, Miha Deniša, Primož Radanovič, Barry Ridge, T. Rajeeth Savarimuthu, Aljaž Kramberger, Marc Priggemeyer, et al. "Smart hardware integration with advanced robot programming technologies for efficient reconfiguration of robot workcells." Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 66 (December 2020): 101979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2020.101979.

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31

Caselli, Stefano, Constantinos Papaconstantinou, Keith L. Doty, and Shamkant Navathe. "A structure-function-control paradigm for knowledge-based modeling and design of manufacturing workcells." Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 3, no. 1 (February 1992): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01471748.

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32

Ashton, N. S., M. M. Charif, and J. K. Davidson. "Generic features for resolving the redundancy in one class of seven-jointed robotic workcells." Mechanism and Machine Theory 30, no. 3 (April 1995): 341–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-114x(94)00047-o.

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33

PARK, TAEHO, and HAROLD J. STEUDEL. "A model for determining job throughput times for manufacturing flow line workcells with finite buffers." International Journal of Production Research 29, no. 10 (October 1991): 2025–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207549108948065.

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34

Gualtieri, Luca, Erwin Rauch, Renato Vidoni, and Dominik T. Matt. "An evaluation methodology for the conversion of manual assembly systems into human-robot collaborative workcells." Procedia Manufacturing 38 (2019): 358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.01.046.

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35

Bruno, Giulia, and Dario Antonelli. "Dynamic task classification and assignment for the management of human-robot collaborative teams in workcells." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 98, no. 9-12 (July 9, 2018): 2415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-2400-4.

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36

Aghazadeh, Fereydoun, Robert Hirschfeld, and Robert Chapleski. "Industrial Robot Use: Survey Results and Hazard Analysis." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 14 (October 1993): 994–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303701413.

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Robotic workcells have proliferated in recent years but safety guidance in the area of safety sensing devices has not kept pace. Research investigating current robot use was conducted through safety survey questionnaires returned from 29 robot using corporations across the nation. The research goal was to identify the hazards which workers are exposed to while working near robots. Only 5% of robots were found to have redundant sensing and 40% could not be physically enclosed in barrier perimeters. In addition, personnel were found to enter a robot's work area for 38% of an 8 hour day. Based upon the survey results, a hazard analysis was created to assist in the evaluation of robot workstation safety. The hazard analysis recommends that safety sensors should be integrated in a layered protection system with an external perimeter, an internal workzone area, and a software path monitoring system.

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37

Davidson, J. K. "A Synthesis Procedure for Design of 3-R Planar Robotic Workcells in Which Large Rotations Are Required at the Workpiece." Journal of Mechanical Design 114, no. 4 (December 1, 1992): 547–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2917042.

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A new method is developed for determining both a satisfactory location of a workpiece and a suitable mounting-angle of the tool for planar 3-R robots that can provide dexterous workspace. The method is an adaptation of traditional techniques of linkage synthesis, and it is particularly well-suited to applications in which the motion-trajectory requires large rotations of the end-effector. It is determined that, when the trajectory requires that the end-effector rotate a full turn at just two locations and when the critical joint in the robot is rotatable by one turn, then the radial location of the workpiece is fixed in the workcell but its angular location is not fixed. When the mounting-angle of the tool is also a variable, the method accommodates trajectories in which the tool must rotate a full turn at three locations on the workpiece. The method can be applied not only to planar robots with three hinge-joints, but also to spatial robots, each with a planar 3-R module, when the principal attitudinal excursions of the trajectory are all about a set of parallel axes. Variables are identified, for both the motion-trajectory and the workpiece itself, which strongly affect the design of the workcell and the time for it to complete a motion-trajectory. Example problems illustrate the method. The new method is suggested as an alternative to the existing methods of computer science for motion-planning.

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38

Davidson, J. K., and N. A. Soman. "Limits at $3 in a New Formulation for Path-Placement in the Workcells of Planar 3-R Robots." Journal of Mechanical Design 117, no. 3 (September 1, 1995): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826704.

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Excursion-limits at the third joint of a three-hinged planar robot are incorporated into a new systematic formulation for path-placement in which the three-dimensional solution-space is decomposed into a two-dimensional space of variables that strongly control the placement of the path and a one-dimensional space that is much less critical. The new formulation determines all acceptable positions for the first joint of the robot relative to the workpiece. All possible acceptable designs appear in a graphical form that can be readily visualized and be directly measured in a Cartesian frame of reference in the workcell. The method is extended to closed tool-paths, and the method is illustrated with practical examples.

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39

Beregi, Richárd, Gianfranco Pedone, Borbála Háy, and József Váncza. "Manufacturing Execution System Integration through the Standardization of a Common Service Model for Cyber-Physical Production Systems." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 7581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167581.

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Digital transformation and artificial intelligence are creating an opportunity for innovation across all levels of industry and are transforming the world of work by enabling factories to embrace cutting edge Information Technologies (ITs) into their manufacturing processes. Manufacturing Execution Systems (MESs) are abandoning their traditional role of legacy executing middle-ware for embracing the much wider vision of functional interoperability enablers among autonomous, distributed, and collaborative Cyber-Physical Production System (CPPS). In this paper, we propose a basic methodology for universally modeling, digitalizing, and integrating services offered by a variety of isolated workcells into a single, standardized, and augmented production system. The result is a reliable, reconfigurable, and interoperable manufacturing architecture, which privileges Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture (OPC UA) and its rich possibilities for information modeling at a higher level of the common service interoperability, along with Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) lightweight protocols at lower levels of data exchange. The proposed MES architecture has been demonstrated and validated in several use-cases at a research manufacturing laboratory of excellence for industrial testbeds.

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40

Gung, R. R. "A workload balancing model for determining set-up time and batch size reductions in GT flow line workcells." International Journal of Production Research 37, no. 4 (March 1999): 769–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002075499191517.

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41

Hawker, Charles D., William L. Roberts, Antonio DaSilva, Gordon D. Stam, William E. Owen, DeVirl Curtis, Byung-Sang Choi, and Terry A. Ring. "Development and Validation of an Automated Thawing and Mixing Workcell." Clinical Chemistry 53, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 2209–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2007.094185.

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Abstract Background: Working toward a goal of total laboratory automation, we are automating manual activities in our highest volume laboratory section. Because half of all specimens arriving in this laboratory section are frozen, we began by developing an automated workcell for thawing frozen specimens and mixing the thawed specimens to remove concentration gradients resulting from freezing and thawing. Methods: We developed an initial robotic workcell that removed specimens from the transport system’s conveyor, blew high-velocity room temperature air at the tubes, mixed them, and replaced them on the conveyor. Aliquots of citrated plasma were frozen with thermocouples immersed in the tubes, and thawing times and temperatures were monitored. Completeness of mixing of thawed specimens was studied by careful removal of small aliquots from the uppermost layer of the upright tubes without disturbing tube contents and analysis of total protein and electrolytes. Results: High velocity ambient air aimed directly at tubes ranging from 12 × 75 to 16 × 100 mm brought specimens to room temperature in a maximum of 23 min. Adequate mixing of the specimens by the workcell’s robot required only 2 approximate 126° movements from an upright starting point, a surprising observation, because laboratorians are usually trained to mix 10 or 20 times. We also observed that, in a frozen overfilled tube, resulting analyte concentrations will be lower because more concentrated solutes leak from the tube. Conclusions: A high-throughput, automated thawing and mixing workcell was successfully built, validated, and installed on our automated transport and sorting system.

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42

Singh, Satwinder, and Ekta Singla. "Service Arms with Unconventional Robotic Parameters for Intricate Workstations: Optimal Number and Dimensional Synthesis." Journal of Robotics 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3537068.

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A task-oriented design strategy is presented in this paper for service manipulators. The tasks are normally defined in the form of working locations where the end-effector can work while avoiding the obstacles. To acquire feasible solutions in cluttered environments, the robotic parameters (D-H parameters) are allowed to take unconventional values. This enhances the solution space and it is observed that, by inducing this flexibility, the required number of degrees of freedom for fulfilling a given task can be reduced. A bilevel optimization problem is formulated with the outer layer utilizing the binary search method for minimizing the number of degrees of freedom. To enlarge the applicability domain of the proposed strategy, the upper limit of the number of joints is kept more than six. These allowable redundant joints would help in providing solution for intricate workcells. For each iteration of the upper level, a constrained nonlinear problem is solved for dimensional synthesis of the manipulator. The methodology is demonstrated through a case study of a realistic environment of a cluttered server room. A7-link service arm, synthesized using the proposed method, is able to fulfill two different tasks effectively.

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43

Spada, Stefania, Fabrizio Sessa, and Francesco Corato. "Virtual Reality tools and statistical analysis for human movements simulation. Application to ergonomics optimization of workcells in the automotive industry." Work 41 (2012): 6120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-2012-1071-6120.

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44

PARK, T. "A reply to comments on ‘A model for determining job throughput times for manufacturing flow line workcells with finite buffers’." International Journal of Production Research 30, no. 9 (September 1992): 2231–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207549208948148.

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45

Chen, I.-Ming, and Guilin Yang. "Automatic Model Generation for Modular Reconfigurable Robot Dynamics." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 120, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2805408.

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In control and simulation of a modular robot system, which consists of standardized and interconnected joint and link units, manual derivation of its dynamic model needs tremendous effort because these models change all the time as the robot geometry is altered after module reconfiguration. This paper presents a method to automate the generation of the closed-form equation of motion of a modular robot with arbitrary degrees-of-freedom and geometry. The robot geometry we consider here is branching type without loops. A graph technique, termed kinematic graphs and realized through assembly incidence matrices (AIM) is introduced to represent the module assembly sequence and robot geometry. The formulation of the dynamic model is started with recursive Newton-Euler algorithm. The generalized velocity, acceleration, and forces are expressed in terms of linear operations on se(3), the Lie algebra of the Euclidean group SE(3). Based on the equivalence relationship between the recursive formulation and the closed-form Lagrangian formulation, the accessibility matrix of the kinematic graph of the robot is used to assist the construction of the closed-form equation of motion of a modular robot. This automatic model generation technique can be applied to the control of rapidly reconfigurable robotic workcells and other automation equipment built around modular components that require accurate dynamic models.

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46

Bi, Zhuming, Guoping Wang, and Li Da Xu. "A visualization platform for internet of things in manufacturing applications." Internet Research 26, no. 2 (April 4, 2016): 377–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-02-2014-0043.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a visualization platform to control and monitor wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in manufacturing applications. Design/methodology/approach – To make the platform flexible and versatile, a modular framework is adopted in modeling and visualizing WSNs. The Eclipse programming environment is used to maximize the scalability and adaptability of the platform. A set of the core functional modules have been designed and implemented to support the system operation. The platform is validated through a case study simulation. Findings – The platform is capable of accommodating different operating systems such as Windows and Linux. It allows integrating new plug-ins developed in various languages such as Java, C, C++, and Matlab. The Graphic User Interface has been applied to process and visualize the acquired real-time data from a WSN, and the embodied methodologies can be used to predict the behaviors of objects in the network. Research limitations/implications – The work has shown the feasibility and potential of the proposed platform in improving the real-time performance of WSN. However, the number of the developed functional modules is limited, and additional effort is required to develop sophisticated functional modules or sub-systems for a customized application. Practical implications – The platform can be applied to monitor and visualize various WSN applications in manufacturing environments such as automated workcells, transportation systems, logistic, and storage systems. Originality/value – The work is motivated by the scarce research on the development tools for monitoring and visualization of WSNs in manufacturing applications. The proposed platform serves for both of system developers and users. It is modularized with a set of core functional modules; it can be extended to accommodate new functional modules with a minimal effort for a different application.

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47

Lippi, Giuseppe, Mario Plebani, and Emmanuel Favaloro. "Technological Advances in the Hemostasis Laboratory." Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 40, no. 02 (January 17, 2014): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1364206.

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Automation is conventionally defined as the use of machines, control systems, and information technologies to optimize productivity. Although automation is now commonplace in several areas of diagnostic testing, especially in clinical chemistry and immunochemistry, the concept of extending this process to hemostasis testing has only recently been advanced. The leading drawbacks are still represented by the almost unique biological matrix because citrated plasma can only be used for clotting assays and few other notable exceptions, and by the highly specific pretreatment of samples, which is particularly distinct to other test systems. Despite these important limitations, a certain degree of automation is also now embracing hemostasis testing. The more relevant developments include the growing integration of routine hemostasis analyzers with track line systems and workcells, the development of specific instrumentation tools to enhance reliability of testing (i.e., signal detection with different technologies to increase test panels, plasma indices for preanalytical check of interfering substances, failure patterns sensors for identifying insufficient volume, clots or bubbles, cap-piercing for enhancing operator safety, automatic reflex testing, automatic redilution of samples, and laser barcode readers), preanalytical features (e.g., positive identification, automatic systems for tube(s) labeling, transillumination devices), and postphlebotomy tools (pneumatic tube systems for reducing turnaround time, sample transport boxes for ensuring stability of specimens, monitoring systems for identifying unsuitable conditions of transport). Regardless of these important innovations, coagulation/hemostasis testing still requires specific technical and clinical expertise, not only in terms of measurement procedures but also for interpreting and then appropriately utilizing the derived information. Thus, additional and special caution has to be used when designing projects of automation that include coagulation/hemostasis testing because peculiar and particular requirements must be taken into account.

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Ceccarelli, Marco. "Analyzing a Robotized Workcell to Enhance Robot’s Operation." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 11, no. 1 (February 20, 1999): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1999.p0067.

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This paper analyzes robotized manipulation in the production of TV screens in a Videocolor plant in Anagni. A general procedure for manipulation analysis, based on the elementary actions concept, was applied to the study of robotized workcell performance and parameters. Manipulation analysis is presented as a practical application to stress its feasibility for practicing engineers. Kinescope manipulation by an industrial robot in a robotized workcell was analyzed and critical movement recognized and numerically evaluated. We also focused on performance and design parameters of workcell operation to significantly improve productivity through adjustments in robot and workcell programming and by slightly redesigning the workcell. This work was done under a research contract supported by Videocolor Ltd., Anagni, Italy, and results implemented in a new robotized workcell.

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FREEDMAN†, PAUL, and RACHID ALAMI. "The analysis of repetitive sequencing at the workcell level: from workcell tasks to workcell cycles." International Journal of Production Research 28, no. 6 (June 1990): 1195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207549008942785.

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50

Anderson Thomas, Q., W. Broadrick Garth, A. Christianson Merrill, A. Hippe Daniel, T. Hughes Arthur, C. Kalyan Jagdish, L. Nydegger Daniel, C. Platt Robert, and Karapurath Ramachandran. "Automated floor panel workcell." Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems 10, no. 2 (May 1997): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0951-5240(97)84334-0.

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