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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Workcells

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Academic literature on the topic 'Workcells'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Workcells"

1

Beju, Livia Dana. "Algorithm for workcells design." MATEC Web of Conferences 343 (2021): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134303002.

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The paper presents a methodology for the design of the manufacturing cells, covering all the necessary steps, from the analysis of the customers’ needs, to part families for group technologies, process engineering, control procedures, production rate, production planning (push or pull workflow), supply in the manufacturing cell, workcell configuration, work standardisation. The necessary tools through each stage are presented. Also, there are presented links to major company systems. For each design stage, deliverables are specified. this design approach is not linear. At each stage it is possible (and indicated) to go back and analyse the previously established parameters. The methodology is a complex one, and in a wider space the detailed parameters will be presented in extenso.

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BORCHELT, R. D., and S. ALPTEKIN. "Error recovery in intelligent robotic workcells." International Journal of Production Research 32, no. 1 (January 1994): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207549408956916.

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Antonelli, Dario, Qingfei Zeng, Khurshid Aliev, and Xuemei Liu. "Robust assembly sequence generation in a Human-Robot Collaborative workcell by reinforcement learning." FME Transactions 49, no. 4 (2021): 851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2104851a.

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Human-Robot Collaborative (HRC) workcells could enhance the inclusive employment of human workers regardless their force or skills. Collaborative robots not only substitute humans in dangerous and heavy tasks, but also make the related processes within the reach of all workers, overcoming lack of skills and physical limitations. To enable the full exploitation of collaborative robots traditional robot programming must be overcome. Reduction of robot programming time and worker cognitive effort during the job become compelling requirements to be satisfied. Reinforcement learning (RL) plays a core role to allow robot to adapt to a changing and unstructured environment and to human undependable execution of repetitive tasks. The paper focuses on the utilization of RL to allow a robust industrial assembly process in a HRC workcell. The result of the study is a method for the online generation of robot assembly task sequence that adapts to the unpredictable and inconstant behavior of the human co-workers. The method is presented with the help of a benchmark case study.

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Hight, Terry H. "Implementation of Robotics Workcells in the Laboratory." Journal of Liquid Chromatography 9, no. 14 (October 1986): 3191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01483918608074176.

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Felder, Robin A. "Modular workcells: modern methods for laboratory automation." Clinica Chimica Acta 278, no. 2 (December 1998): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-8981(98)00151-x.

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Erdős, Gábor, Imre Paniti, and Bence Tipary. "Transformation of robotic workcells to digital twins." CIRP Annals 69, no. 1 (2020): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2020.03.003.

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Chan, Timothy, Kedar Godbole, and Edwin Hou. "Optimal Input Shaper Design For High-Speed Robotic Workcells." Journal of Vibration and Control 9, no. 12 (December 2003): 1359–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546304031165.

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This paper deals with the feedforward control of a high-speed robotic workcell used by the NIST-ATP Precision Optoelectronics Assembly Consortium as a coarse stage to achieve micrometer-level placement accuracy. To maximize the speed of response under different load conditions, robust feedforward algorithms are considered. An optimal shaper is synthesized to trade off performance and robustness according to assembly specifications of the workcell. The optimal shaper along with standard shaper designs such as zero vibration, zero vibration and derivative, and extra insensitive are applied to conduct cycle time testing on the robotic workcell. The performance of each shaper is evaluated with respect to residual vibration, robustness, and speed. Specifically, the workcell performance for various unknown loading conditions is observed. It is shown that the optimal shaper produces the best overall results.

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Hock Soon, Tan, and Robert de Souza School. "Intelligent simulation‐based scheduling of workcells: an approach." Integrated Manufacturing Systems 8, no. 1 (February 1997): 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069710158754.

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Seo, Yoonho, Dongmok Sheen, Chiung Moon, and Taioun Kim. "Integrated design of workcells and unidirectional flowpath layout." Computers & Industrial Engineering 51, no. 1 (September 2006): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2006.07.006.

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Lueth, T. C. "Automated Computer-Aided Layout Planning for Robot Workcells." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 25, no. 7 (May 1992): 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)52412-x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Workcells"

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Kahloun, Faycal. "A graphic simulator for robotic workcells /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63816.

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Adam, George K. "Modelling robot tasks in interactive workcells." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306981.

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Gerbasio, Diego. "An approach to task coordination for hyperflexible robotic workcells." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/2471.

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2014 - 2015
The manufacturing industry is very diverse and covers a wide range of specific processes ranging from extracting minerals to assembly of very complex products such as planes or computers, with all intermediate processing steps in a long chain of industrial suppliers and customers. It is well know that the introduction of robots in manufacturing industries has many advantages. Basically, in relation to human labor, robots work to a constant level of quality. For example, waste, scrap and rework are minimized. Furthermore they can work in areas that are hazardous or unpleasant to humans. Robots are advantageous where strength is required, and in many applications they are also faster than humans. Also, in relation to special-purpose dedicated equipment, robots are more easily reprogrammed to cope with new products or changes in the design of existing ones. In the last 30-40 years, large enterprises in high-volume markets have managed to remain competitive and maintain qualified jobs by increasing their productivity with the incremental adoption and use of advanced ICT and robotics technologies. In the 70s, robots have been introduced for the automation of a wide spectrum of tasks such as: assembly of cars, white goods, electronic devices, machining of metal and plastic parts, and handling of workpieces and objects of all kinds. Robotics has thus soon become a synonym for competitive manufacturing and a key contributing technology for strengthening the economic base of Europe . So far, the automotive and electronics industries and their supply chains are the main users of robot systems and are accounting for more than 60% of the total annual robot sales. Robotic technologies have thus mainly been driven by the needs of these high-volume market industries. The degree of automation in the automotive industries is expected to increase in the future as robots will push the limits towards flexibility regarding faster change-over-times of different product types (through rapid programming generation schemes), capabilities to deal with tolerances (through an extensive use of sensors) and costs (by reducing customized work-cell installations and reuse of manufacturing equipment). There are numerous new fields of applications in which robot technology is not widespread today due to its lack of flexibility and high costs involved when dealing with varying lot sizes and variable product geometries. In such cases, hyper-flexible robotic work cells can help in providing flexibility to the system and making it adaptable to the different dynamic production requirements. Hyper-flexible robotic work cells, in fact, can be composed of sets of industrial robotic manipulators that cooperate to achieve the production step that characterize the work cell; they can be programmed and re-programmed to achieve a wide class of operations and they may result versatile to perform different kind of tasks Related key technology challenges for pursuing successful long-term industrial robot automation are introduced at three levels: basic technologies, robot components and systems integration. On a systems integration level, the main challenges lie in the development of methods and tools for instructing and synchronising the operation of a group of cooperative robots at the shop-floor. Furthermore, the development of the concept of hyper flexible manufacturing systems implies soon the availability of: consistent middleware for automation modules to seamlessly connect robots, peripheral devices and industrial IT systems without reprogramming everything (”plug-and-play”) . In this thesis both innovative and traditional industrial robot applications will be analyzed from the point of view of task coordination. In the modeling environment, contribution of this dissertation consists in presenting a new methodology to obtain a model oriented to the control the sequencing of the activities of a robotic hyperflexible cell. First a formal model using the Colored Modified Hybrid Petri Nets (CMHPN) is presented. An algorithm is provided to obtain an automatic synthesis of the CMHPN of a robotic cell with detail attention to aircraft industry. It is important to notice that the CMHPN is used to model the cell behaviour at a high level of abstraction. It models the activities of each cell component and its coordination by a supervisory system. As more, an object oriented approach and supervisory control are proposed to implement industrial automation control systems (based on Programmable Logic Controllers) to meet the new challenges of this field capability to implement applications involving widely distributed devices and high reuse of software components. Hence a method is proposed to implement both controllers and supervisors designed by Petri Nets on Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) using Object Oriented Programming (OOP). Finally preliminary results about a novel cyber-physical approach to the design of automated warehouse systems is presented. [edited by author]
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Grant, Edward. "The knowledge-based control of robot workcells and dynamic systems." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367042.

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Campione, Ivo <1992&gt. "Vision-Based Solutions for Human-Robot Collaboration in Industrial Workcells." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10364/1/campione_ivo_tesi.pdf.

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Industrial robots are both versatile and high performant, enabling the flexible automation typical of the modern Smart Factories. For safety reasons, however, they must be relegated inside closed fences and/or virtual safety barriers, to keep them strictly separated from human operators. This can be a limitation in some scenarios in which it is useful to combine the human cognitive skill with the accuracy and repeatability of a robot, or simply to allow a safe coexistence in a shared workspace. Collaborative robots (cobots), on the other hand, are intrinsically limited in speed and power in order to share workspace and tasks with human operators, and feature the very intuitive hand guiding programming method. Cobots, however, cannot compete with industrial robots in terms of performance, and are thus useful only in a limited niche, where they can actually bring an improvement in productivity and/or in the quality of the work thanks to their synergy with human operators. The limitations of both the pure industrial and the collaborative paradigms can be overcome by combining industrial robots with artificial vision. In particular, vision can be exploited for a real-time adjustment of the pre-programmed task-based robot trajectory, by means of the visual tracking of dynamic obstacles (e.g. human operators). This strategy allows the robot to modify its motion only when necessary, thus maintain a high level of productivity but at the same time increasing its versatility. Other than that, vision offers the possibility of more intuitive programming paradigms for the industrial robots as well, such as the programming by demonstration paradigm. These possibilities offered by artificial vision enable, as a matter of fact, an efficacious and promising way of achieving human-robot collaboration, which has the advantage of overcoming the limitations of both the previous paradigms yet keeping their strengths.

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Sallinen, Mikko. "Modelling and estimation of spatial relationships in sensor-based robot workcells /." Espoo [Finland] : VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2003. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/2003/P509.pdf.

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Ramirez-Serrano, Alejandro. "Extended Moore automata for the supervisory part-flow control of virtual manufacturing workcells." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0018/NQ53794.pdf.

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Ayyadevara, Venkateswara Rao. "Development of an automated robotic deburring workcell." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ47729.pdf.

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Dubois, Vincent. "Design of a multiple robot test workcell." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69791.

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This thesis presents a flexible arrangement of robots used for two point continuity tests. Robots are used increasingly in the manufacturing industry because of their flexibility. In the electronics packaging industry, there are many instances where one wants to do a two point continuity test. These two points can be anywhere on a given card. This application is the perfect candidate for a robotic implementation using two robots. However, challenges involve designing an appropriate workcell and figuring out how to have the two robots work together. Both of these problems were addressed in this research project. The thesis begins by exposing the initial environment and then it outlines an enhanced solution that was adopted for both the workcell design and the motion planning. Some test results for the motion planner are then presented. A workcell such as the one presented here has actually been developed and is currently being used in some manufacturing operations.

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Song, Xuekai. "Control of an autonomous robotic assembly workcell." Thesis, University of Hull, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333762.

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Books on the topic "Workcells"

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Sanford, Ressler, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. Translating IGRIP workcells into VRML2. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1997.

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Sanford, Ressler, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. Translating IGRIP workcells into VRML2. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1997.

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Sanford, Ressler, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. Translating IGRIP workcells into VRML2. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1997.

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Williams, Robert Alexander. A hybrid supervisory control system for flexible manufacturing workcells. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1993.

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Lauzon, Stephane C. An implementation methodology for the supervisory control of flexible-manufacturing workcells. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1995.

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Sallinen, Mikko. Modelling and estimation of spatial relationships in sensor-based robot workcells. Espoo [Finland]: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2003.

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Gresty, Chris. A man/machine interface and framework for the control of integrated manufacturing workcells. Sheffield: University of Sheffield, Dept. of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, 1994.

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Ficocelli, Maurizio. A PLC-based implementation methodology for the supervisory control of manufacturing workcells using extended moore automata. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2002.

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9

Cao, Tiehua. Task sequence planning in a robot workcell using and/or nets. Troy, N.Y: Center for Intelligent Robotic Systems for Space Exploration, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1991.

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Golmakani, Hamid Reza. Automata-based scheduling and control of flexible manufacturing workcells. 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Workcells"

1

Woodcock, Rollie. "Robotic Automated-Test Workcells." In The Electronics Assembly Handbook, 440–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13161-9_70.

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Nicholas, John. "Workcells and Cellular Manufacturing." In Lean Production for Competitive Advantage, 283–318. 2nd edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2018.: Productivity Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351139083-12.

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Carayannis, G., and A. Malowany. "Improving the Programmability of Robotic Workcells." In New Trends in Computer Graphics, 653–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83492-9_60.

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Means, Kenneth H., and Jie Jiang. "Discrete Optimum Assembly Methods for Automated Workcells." In CAD/CAM Robotics and Factories of the Future ’90, 382–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84338-9_54.

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Kamnik, R., T. Bjad, and A. Kralj. "CAD for Robot Workcells in Battery Manufacturing." In Schriftenreihe der Wissenschaftlichen Landesakademie für Niederösterreich, 163–67. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9346-4_32.

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Liu, Peiya, Ming-Yee Chiu, Cheoung N. Lee, and Steven J. Clark. "Diagnosis of Robotic Workcells by Behavioral Models." In Robotics and Factories of the Future ’87, 595–602. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73890-6_72.

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Means, Kenneth H., and Jie Jiang. "Discrete Optimum Assembly Methods for Automated Workcells." In CAD/CAM Robotics and Factories of the Future ’90, 382–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85838-3_54.

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Maisano, Domenico A., Dario Antonelli, and Fiorenzo Franceschini. "Assessment of Failures in Collaborative Human-Robot Assembly Workcells." In Collaborative Networks and Digital Transformation, 562–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28464-0_49.

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Adler, A. "TDL, a task description language for programming automated robotic workcells." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Flexible Manufacturing Systems, 247–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-38009-3_24.

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Del Valle, Carmelo, Miguel Toro, Rafael Ceballos, and Jesús S. Aguilar-Ruiz. "A Pomset-Based Model for Estimating Workcells’ Setups in Assembly Sequence Planning." In Advances in Artificial Intelligence — IBERAMIA 2002, 835–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36131-6_85.

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Conference papers on the topic "Workcells"

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Refaat, Tarek K., Ramez M. Daoud, Hassanein H. Amer, and Magdi s. ElSoudani. "Cascading wireless industrial workcells." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics (ICM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmech.2011.5971184.

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Neogy, C., S. Mohan, and A. H. Soni. "Computer Aided Design of Robot Work Cell." In ASME 1992 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1992-0234.

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Abstract The extensive use of robots in flexible manufacturing systems and other engineered systems has created the need for developing a design tool for workcells in which robots are used. In current practice, the location of a robot within a workcell is determined by evaluating reachability and mobility criteria. Using reachability and mobility criteria, the robot can be located in a wide area within a workcell. In this paper, a computer aided design procedure that addresses the issues of minimum cycle time of the robot, optimum location of the robot within the cell and location of the workstations for time optimal motion, is provided. Significant results for three, four and six workstation cases are presented along with a design procedure for using these results.

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Nicholson, Philip, and Jim Devaprasad. "Virtual Commissioning of Robotic Workcells." In Robotics and Applications. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2011.743-028.

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Soman, N. A., and Joseph K. Davidson. "Design of Planar 3-R Robotic Workcells in Two-Space With Rotation at the Third Joint Limited to Exactly One Turn." In ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0351.

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Abstract An interactive graphics-based computer scheme was developed that determines suitable locations for a workpiece, and its associated task-motion, in the dexterous workspace of a three-hinged planar robotic workcell. It determines all acceptable positions for the first joint of the robot relative to the workpiece; therefore, all solutions are represented as an area in two dimensions, unlike existing methods of motion-planning that present them as a volume in a three-dimensional joint-space for the same planar robot. This simplifies the solution-space by reducing its dimension from three to two. The method differentiates between the constraints that singular configurations, workspace boundaries, the excursion-range of one full turn at the third rotary joint, and physical obstacles impose on the design of a planar robotic workcell, thus giving a better understanding of the global properties and physical limitations of the workcell. All possible acceptable designs appear in a graphical form that can be readily visualized and be directly measured in a Cartesian frame of reference in the workcell. The method can be applied to either open or closed motion trajectories. Applications include the design of robotic workcells that are used for fusion welding and for deposition of adhesives, where, in each case, the attitude of the end-effector is as important to the task as is the path that a point on the tool follows.

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Wright, Jeffrey S. "A Generic Controller For Manufacturing Workcells." In Applications of Artificial Intelligence V, edited by John F. Gilmore. SPIE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.940661.

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Sim, Siang-Kok, Meng-Leong Tay, and Ahmad Khairyanto. "Optimisation of a Robotic Workcell Layout Using Genetic Algorithms." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85518.

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With the advent of robots in modern-day manufacturing workcells, optimization of robotic workcell layout (RWL) is crucial in ensuring the minimization of the production cycle time. Although RWL share many aspects with the well-known facility layout problem (FLP), there are features which set the RWL apart. However, the common features which they share enable approaches in FLP to be ported over to RWL. One heuristic gaining popularity is genetic algorithm (GA). In this paper, we present a GA approach to optimizing RWL by using the distance covered by the robot arm as a means of gauging the degree of optimization. The approach is constructive: the different stations within the workcell are placed one by one in the development of the layout. The placement method adopted is based on the spiral placement method first broached by Islier (1998). The algorithm was implemented in Visual C++ and a case study assessed its performance.

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Jiao, Ting, Yongmei Gan, and Guochun Xiao. "On the reconfiguration of flexible manufacturing workcells." In TENCON 2013 - 2013 IEEE Region 10 Conference. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tencon.2013.6718470.

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Haule and Malowany. "Teleprogramming control paradigm for remote robotic workcells." In Proceedings of Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering CCECE-94. IEEE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccece.1994.405873.

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Weiss, Brian A., and Jared Kaplan. "Verification of a Novel Position Verification Sensor to Identify and Isolate Robot Workcell Health Degradation." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8484.

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Abstract Manufacturing processes have become increasingly sophisticated leading to greater usage of robotics. Sustaining successful manufacturing robotic operations requires a strategic maintenance program. Maintenance can be very costly, especially when some manufacturers unnecessarily spend resources (i.e., time, money) to maintain their equipment. To reduce maintenance costs, manufacturers are exploring how they can assess the health of their robot workcell operations to enhance their maintenance strategies. Effective health assessment relies upon capturing appropriate data and generating intelligence from the workcell. Multiple data streams relevant to a robot workcell may be available including robot controller data, a supervisory programmable logic controller data, maintenance logs, process/part quality data, and equipment/process fault and/or failure data. This data can be extremely informative, yet the extreme volume and complexity of this data can be both overwhelming, confusing, and paralyzing. Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology have developed a test method and companion sensor to assess the health of robot workcells, which will yield an additional and unique data stream. The intent is that this data stream can either serve as a surrogate for larger data volumes to reduce the data collection and analysis burden on the manufacturer or add more intelligence to assessing robot workcell health. This article will present the immediate effort focused on verifying the companion sensor. Results of the verification test process are discussed along with preliminary results of the sensor’s performance during verification testing.

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Chang, Guanghsu A., and J. Paul Sims. "A Case-Based Reasoning Approach to Robot Selection." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82066.

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Robot selection is one of critical decisions in the design of robotic workcells. Over the last ten years, many Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) systems have been developed to solve decision making problems successfully. We propose to develop three sort systems: browsing systems, preference-based selection organizers, and alternative suggestion agents. All four stages of the CBR cycle are designed to assist robotic application designers to go through robot selection and decision-making. A case-based reasoning approach is employed to solve new robot selection decision problems by adapting solutions that were used to solve previous robot selection problems. In this study, CBR has shown that it has several advantages over other techniques. The results of this study will help robot workcell designers to develop a more efficient and effective method to select robots for specific robot applications.

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Reports on the topic "Workcells"

1

Wang, Qiming, and Sandy Ressler. Translating IGRIP Workcells into VRML2. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6076.

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Williams, Joshua M. Automated conceptual design of manufacturing workcells in radioactive environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1088345.

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Williams, Joshua M. Automated Conceptual Design of Manufacturing Workcells in Radioactive Environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1089471.

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Strip, D., and C. Phillips. Fixture and layout planning for reconfigurable workcells. LDRD final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10169841.

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Tucker, S. D., and L. P. Ray. Artificial awareness for robots using artificial neural nets to monitor robotic workcells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/469142.

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Marvel, Jeremy A., Elena R. Messina, Brian Antonishek, Karl Van Wyk, and Lisa J. Fronczek. Tools for Robotics in SME Workcells: Challenges and Approaches for Calibration and Registration. National Institute of Standards and Technology, December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.8093.

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Williams, Joshua M. Automated design synthesis of robotic/human workcells for improved manufacturing system design in hazardous environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1043512.

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Williams, Joshua M. Automated design synthesis of robotic/human workcells for improved manufacturing system design in hazardous environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1056506.

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Horst, John, Elena Messina, and Jeremy Marvel. Best Practices for the Integration of Collaborative Robots into Workcells Within Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Operations. National Institute of standards and Technology, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ams.100-41.

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Montgomery, Karl, Richard Candell, Yongkang Liu, and Mohamed Hany. Wireless user requirements for the factory workcell. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ams.300-8.

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