Relevant bibliographies by topics / Work Break

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Work Break'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Work Break"

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Blasche, Gerhard, Sanja Pasalic, Verena-Maria Bauböck, Daniela Haluza, and Rudolf Schoberberger. "Effects of Rest-Break Intention on Rest-Break Frequency and Work-Related Fatigue." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 59, no. 2 (October 20, 2016): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720816671605.

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Objectives: The present paper presents findings from two studies addressing the effects of the employee’s intention to have rest breaks on rest-break frequency and the change of well-being during a workday. Background: Rest breaks are effective in avoiding an accumulation of fatigue during work. However, little is known about individual differences in rest-break behavior. Method: In Study 1, the association between rest-break intention and the daily number of rest breaks recorded over 4 consecutive workdays was determined by generalized linear model in a sample of employees ( n = 111, 59% females). In Study 2, professional geriatric nurses ( n = 95 females) who worked over two consecutive 12-hour day shifts recorded well-being (fatigue, distress, effort motivation) at the beginning and the end of their shifts. The effect of rest-break intention on the change of well-being was determined by multilevel modeling. Results: Rest-break intention was positively associated with the frequency of rest breaks (Study 1) and reduced the increase of fatigue and distress over the workday (Study 2). Conclusion: The results indicate that individual differences account for the number of breaks an employee takes and, as a consequence, for variations in the work-related fatigue and distress. Application: Strengthening rest-break intentions may help to increase rest-break behavior to avoid the buildup of fatigue and distress over a workday.
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Scholz, André, Johannes Wendsche, Argang Ghadiri, Usha Singh, Theo Peters, and Stefan Schneider. "Methods in Experimental Work Break Research: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 3844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203844.

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The number of studies on work breaks and the importance of this subject is growing rapidly, with research showing that work breaks increase employees’ wellbeing and performance and workplace safety. However, comparing the results of work break research is difficult since the study designs and methods are heterogeneous and there is no standard theoretical model for work breaks. Based on a systematic literature search, this scoping review included a total of 93 studies on experimental work break research conducted over the last 30 years. This scoping review provides a first structured evaluation regarding the underlying theoretical framework, the variables investigated, and the measurement methods applied. Studies using a combination of measurement methods from the categories “self-report measures,” “performance measures,” and “physiological measures” are most common and to be preferred in work break research. This overview supplies important information for ergonomics researchers allowing them to design work break studies with a more structured and stronger theory-based approach. A standard theoretical model for work breaks is needed in order to further increase the comparability of studies in the field of experimental work break research in the future.
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Boucsein, Wolfram, and Michael Thum. "Recovery from Strain under Different Work/Rest Schedules." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 12 (October 1995): 785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503901208.

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Measures of psychophysiological recovery were used to evaluate two rest break schedules; 7.5 minutes of rest after every 50 minutes of work versus 15 minutes of rest after every 100 minutes of work. Eleven examiners using a prototype computer system in the European Patent Office worked under both work/rest schedules. Electrodermal activity, heart rate, respiratory frequency, pulse wave transit time, neck electromyogram, and gross body movements were continuously recorded. Measures of emotional well-being and body comfort were obtained eight times per work day. Heart rate variability was significantly higher under the short break schedule, indicating decreased mental strain. Break duration and time of measurement interacted significantly for electrodermal responses, indicating that emotional strain was reduced under the short break schedule until mid-day, and under the long break schedule in the afternoon. The results indicate that a switch to longer breaks in the afternoon may be favorable during highly demanding computer work. Furthermore, it could be demonstrated that psychophysiological measures are useful for the evaluation of work/rest schedules, even if performance data are not available.
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Mitra, Biswadev, Peter A. Cameron, Greg Mele, and Peter Archer. "Rest during shift work in the emergency department." Australian Health Review 32, no. 2 (2008): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah080246.

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The aim of this study was to pilot a program to encourage shift breaks for emergency department doctors and analyse the effects of breaks on tiredness and fatigue as well as possible effects on overall departmental performance. During Phase 1, medical staff were asked to fill out a survey regarding their working day at the end of every shift. A 30-minute uninterrupted break was promoted during Phase 2 by provision of a cover doctor on the roster as well as educational sessions and posters. There were 233 completed surveys received over the 4-week period. Only 33% of shifts worked included an uninterrupted break in Phase 1, which improved significantly to 60% during Phase 2. Subjective tiredness was significantly lower at the end of a shift when a break was taken (P < 0.001), while fatigue levels were also lower, but not significant (P = 0.060). There were significant improvements in some key performance indicators.
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Barrett, B. "When is a Work Break Not a Statutory Rest Break?" Industrial Law Journal 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/indlaw/dws023.

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Haidrani, Layla. "Stand Up! The Work Break Timer." Nursing Standard 30, no. 6 (October 7, 2015): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.30.6.29.s33.

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Björnmalm, Mattias. "Taking a break is hard work, too." Science 364, no. 6435 (April 4, 2019): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.364.6435.98.

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Powell, Kendall. "Work–life balance: Break or burn out." Nature 545, no. 7654 (May 2017): 375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nj7654-375a.

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Mackey, K. "Culture At Work - Give me a Break." IEEE Software 16, no. 1 (January 1999): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ms.1999.744562.

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Kim, Sung Doo, Daniele A. Bologna, Stacie Furst-Holloway, Elaine C. Hollensbe, Suzanne S. Masterson, and Therese Sprinkle. ""Taking a Break via Technology? Triggers, Nature, and Effects of ""Online"" Work Breaks"." Academy of Management Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (January 2014): 11891. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2014.9.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Work Break"

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Smith, Claire E. "Breaks that break the burnout spiral." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1546092217477005.

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Hickson, Kara. "Work-Family Conflict and Performance Evaluations: Who Gets a Break?" Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4047.

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Forty percent of employed parents report that they experience work-family conflict (Galinsky, Bond, & Friedman, 1993). Work-family conflict (WFC) exists when role pressures from the work and family domains are mutually incompatible. WFC is associated with decreases in family, job, and life satisfaction and physical health; intention to quit one's job; and increases in workplace absenteeism. Women may be more impacted by WFC than men, as women report completing 65-80% of the child care (Sayer, 2001) and spend 80 hours per week fulfilling work and home responsibilities (Cowan, 1983). Research suggests that WFC can be reduced with social support, such as co-workers providing assistance when family interferes with work (Carlson & Perrewe, 1999). It is unclear whether parents 'get a break' or are penalized by co-workers. The purpose of the present study was to examine co-workers' reactions to individuals who experience WFC. Based on sex role theory and attribution theory, it was predicted that women, people who experience family interference with work, and those who have more control over the work interference would be helped less and evaluated more poorly on a team task than men, people who experience non-family related work interference, and those who have less control over the work interference. A laboratory experiment was conducted in which participants signed up for a team-based study. The teammate was a confederate who was late for the study. Teammate control over the tardiness (unexpected physician's visit versus forgotten physician's appointment), type of work conflict (self- versus family-related), and gender of the teammate were manipulated. After learning about the reasons for the tardiness of their teammate, the 218 participants (63% female; 59% Caucasian) decided whether to help the late teammate by completing a word sort task for them or letting the late teammate make up the work after the experiment. When the teammate arrived, the participants completed a team task and then evaluated the task performance of their teammate. None of the hypotheses were confirmed in this study. However, exploratory analyses showed that people who had more control over the tardiness were rated lower than people who had less control over the tardiness. Contrary to expectations, exploratory analyses also showed that men rated women who were late to the study for a family-related reason higher than women who were late due to a self-related reason. These findings suggest that male co-workers may give women a break when they experience family interference with work. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
Sciences
Psychology PhD
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Hickson, Kara C. "Work-family conflict and performance evaluations who gets a break? /." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002136.

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Oliver, Laura A. "Work Breaks, Employee Morale, and Satisfaction in the Restaurant Industry." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3057.

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Work breaks during an individual's shift can be a powerful motivational tool for management; however, not all individuals receive breaks during their shifts. The purpose of this phenomenological, qualitative study was to explore how work breaks affect employee morale and satisfaction in the casual and fine dining restaurant industry. The questions explored in this study were related to the breaks effect employee satisfaction and morale in the casual and fine dining restaurant industry. Thirteen participants with a minimum of 5 years' experience as wait staff who worked more than 6 hours per day were interviewed using semi structured interviews. The results were analyzed using a modified version of van Kaam's method and MAXqda software. The results suggested that breaks did not directly affect employee satisfaction and morale; however, management style directly affected employee satisfaction and morale. The results from this study may help managers have a better understanding of how their interactions and dealings with employees affect employee satisfaction and morale. This research may spur a field-changing management training, which could promote positive social change for employees.
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Abrahamsson, Evonne, and Maria Andersson. ""Unga män som bryter mönstret" : "Young Men who Break the Standard"." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-3479.

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Studien handlar om projektet Sharafs hjältar, som syftar till att förändra – attityderna hos unga män med rötter i hederskulturen. En kvalitativ metod har använts, där fyra intervjuer av män som arbetar inom organisationen genomförts. Syftet med studien är att få ökad förståelse för hur arbetet mot hedersrelaterat våld kan se ut. Fokus ligger på männens egen syn och egna erfarenheter av hederskulturen, samt deras arbete inom Sharafs hjältar. Våra frågeställningar är; Vad är Sharafs hjältar och vad är syftet och målet med projektet? Vilka metoder används i arbetet? Vilka problem och hinder uppstår under arbetet i projektet och vilket resultat har projektet givit hittills? Vad består en hederskultur av, och vilka problem orsakar den? Vilken roll har unga män i hederskulturen? Hur kan de arbeta för att förändra den?

 

Resultatet visar att projektets syfte är att det ska vara en stödorganisation för att förebygga och förändra attityder, att fungera som en kunskapsbank för myndigheter i frågor gällande hedersrelaterat våld. Den huvudsakliga metoden i projektet är dialoggruppen, där arbetet startar ”underifrån” genom den unga generationens män. Resultatet som projektet har visat är att när dialogen kommer in i familjen, startar en tankeprocess, vilken leder till förändringar gällande rådande attityder. Problem som förekommer med arbetet handlar om brister i myndigheternas samarbete, samt att myndigheters kunskaper kring hedersproblematiken är bristfällig.

 

Nyckelord; Heder, Unga mäns roller, Sharafs hjältar, Hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck, Socialisation, Familjestruktur.


This study is about the project Sharaf’s heroes, which aims to change - the attitudes of young men with roots in honour culture. A qualitative method has been used, with four interviews with men who work within the organization. The aim of the study has been to increase the understanding of how work against honour related violence and oppressions can be dealt with, in order to decrease it. The focus in this study lies on the young men's own view on and experiences of honour culture and their work with the project Sharaf’s heroes. Our issues are as follows: What are Sharaf’s heroes and what is the purpose of the project? Which methods are used in their work? Which problems and obstacles will it be with the work in the project and which result has the project given so far? What does an honour culture consist of and what kinds of problems does it cause? Which role has young men living in honour culture and how can they work in order to change it?

 

Our result shows that the project’s purpose of the project is that it will work as an aid organization in order to prevent and to change attitudes. Additionally, it will function as a knowledge bank for different authorities when it comes to honour related violence. The main method in the project is the dialogue group, where the work starts from underneath through the young generation's men. The result that the project has given so far shows that when the dialogue between children and parents start, a process begins which leads to change the current prevailing attitudes. The problems with the work in the project are above all that there is a lack of cooperation within the authorities, and that authority’s knowledge about honour related problems is inadequate.

 

Keywords; Honour, Young men’s role, Sharaf’s heroes, Honour related violence and oppression, Socialization, Familystructure.

 

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Elias, João Edgar Ramos. "What do people do at work when they are not working?" Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9634.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
The objective of this work is to understand what kind of activities people develop at the workplace when they are not working and which are their work-related effects. The study of this subject was conducted through twenty interviews with people from different areas - tourism, banking, consulting, telecommunications, informatics, ambient, pharmaceutical, psychological, financial, and advocacy – that were not occupying leading positions inside their companies. The observed outcomes of these research show that people engage in a lot of different non-work related practices everyday that have diverse causes and consequences in their work life. The results reveal that in most of the cases, interruptions and breaks have a very positive impact on the work process and progress, increasing productivity and efficiency, improving the work rhythm and the most important thing – contributing for the solutions for wok-related problems and issues that cannot be resolved without a pause in the work. This means that the solution for some problems related to working issues, comes from the break that was done, this is, the revenue obtained is higher when there has been a pause than when there was not any interruption, as it is going to be explained further in this work.
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Burns, Demisha Rosanna Jenee. "A study of winter break as influenced by first semester occurrences and its effect on retention, self-efficacy and perceived social support for freshmen students." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2014. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1525.

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This study examined the relationship of the winter break as influenced by occurrences of first semester and its effect on retention, self-efficacy and perceived social support for freshmen students. The target population for this research study was composed of freshmen students in the Atlanta University Center (AUC). One hundred and seventy-five respondents were selected, utilizing non-probability convenience sampling. The research found that there was a statistically significant relationship between winter break as influenced by first semester occurrences and retention, selfefficacy and perceived social support for freshmen students.
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BYERS, HEATHER ANN. "STICKS AND STONES MAY BREAK MY BONES, BUT WORDS MAY OR MAY NOT HURT ME: HOW RELATIONSHIPS AND POWER AFFECT THE OUTCOME OF TEASING." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1022695071.

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Mustonen, Ljung Marie. "Maten på jobbet : arbetsmåltider och uppfattningar om arbetsmåltider hos personal i roterande 3-skift vid en processindustri." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för arbets- och folkhälsovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21807.

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I dagens samhälle är vi aktiva dygnet runt både gällande fritid och arbete. Detta innebär att det måste finnas tillgänglig arbetskraft under dygnets alla timmar, vilket medför stor påfrestning på arbetstagares biologiska dygnsrytm. De oregelbundna arbetstiderna kan inverka negativt på arbetstagarens både fysiska och psykiska hälsa. Företag kan tillsammans med lokala fackföreningar förhandla bort den lagstadgade matrasten och ersatta den med ett måltidsuppehåll vilket innebär att det ingår i arbetstiden och får nyttjas i mån av tid. Syftet med denna studie var att kartlägga de uppfattningar som arbetstagare i roterande 3-skift vid en processindustri har om måltidsuppehållet, var och när deras måltidsuppehåll tar plats och vad de äter och dricker. 15 skiftarbetare har under 6 arbetsskift vardera, fotodokumenterat vad deras födointag under måltidsuppehåll bestod av. Dessa kategoriserades genom Food-based Classification of Eating Episodes. Fotografierna visade att totala antalet ät-tillfällen var lägre under nattskiftet i jämförelse med andra skift. Skiftarbetarna intervjuades och deras utsagor genomgick en fenomenografisk analys där det framkom att deras uppfattningar om måltidsuppehållet är att det är en social tillställning som stärker gruppgemenskapen. När arbetstagarna äter en måltid sitter de oftast vid matbordet och då ”ställer man upp för varandra” så att måltiden skall kunna slutföras. Om det gäller ett mellanmål kan intaget ske vid arbetsplatsen och om något händer får de bryta och arbeta. Vidare studier behövs för att verifiera uppfattningar i andra arbetsgrupper.
In today´s society, we are active day and nights, both in leisure time and at work. This means that employees must be available at work 24-hours a day which inflict high strain on their circadian rhythms. The irregular working hours can affect negatively on the employee’s physical and mental health. Companies can, together with local unions, negotiate away the statutory dinner break and replace it with meal break, which means that it is included in working hours and should be used as time permits. The purpose of this study was to identify the perceptions of workers in rotating 3-shift, in a process industry, when and where their meal breaks take place and what they ate. 15 shift workers have during 6 shifts each, photo-documented what their meal breaks consisted of. Consumption of foods and beverages were categorized by Food-Based Classification of Eating Episodes. The photographs showed that the number of eating occasions was lower during the night shift in comparison to other shifts. Shift workers were interviewed and their statements underwent a phenomenographical analysis which revealed that their perception of the meal break is a social event as well that strengthens the group community. When the workers were having a meal, it is mostly occurred at the dinner table. The shift workers replaced each other so each one had the possibility to take a meal break. Regarding snack intakes, it could occur at their workplace and if something happened in the process, they could immediately return to work. Further studies are needed to verify the perceptions of other working groups.
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Yeganehtalab, Babak. "Construction Management Methods and Techniques in Army Tactical Shelter." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609144/.

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This thesis presents a research effort aimed at developing using construction methods and techniques in army tactical shelter. The beginning step focuses on developing and identifying different activities and work breakdown structure applicable in shelter prototype. The next step focuses on identifying resource allocation. This include allocate resources based on the delivered project as per alternative one and for the second alternative as optimization, resource allocation modified and tried to level and minimize resource peak. In addition, the cost calculated for the whole project as well as for each WBS and activities which consider as alternative one and in the second alternative, cost mitigation applied according to available resources and adjusting predecessors and successors of each activity. In conclusion, two alternatives compared, available outcome presents, and future work suggested for the project team to continue this effort.
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Books on the topic "Work Break"

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How machines work: Zoo break! London: Dorling Kindersley, 2015.

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Veach, Myrte. Break through: Youth sunday school work. Nashville, Tenn: Convention Press, 1990.

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Horn, Michael. Give me a break!: Welfare to work - a lost opportunity. Melbourne: Melbourne Citymission, 2006.

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Harari, Oren. Break From the Pack. Upper Saddle River: FT Press, 2007.

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Levinson, Jay Conrad. Quit your job!: Making the decision, making the break, making it work. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1987.

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Glenn, Rifkin, ed. Startups that work: The 10 critical factors that will make or break a new company. New York: Portfolio, 2005.

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The ten commandments of the workplace and how to break them every day. Grand Rapids, Mich: Zondervan Pub. House, 1996.

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Reboot your life: Energize your career and life by taking a break. New York: Beaufort Books, 2011.

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Gilpin, Robert. Time out: Taking a break from school, to travel, work, and study in the U.S. and abroad. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

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Sleeping with your Blackberry: How to break the 24/7 habit and change the way you work. Boston, Mass: Harvard Business Review Press, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Work Break"

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Petritsch, Helmut. "Related Work." In Break-Glass, 137–63. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07365-7_8.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Work-to-Break." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 814. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_12898.

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Sormani, Philippe, Alain Bovet, and Ignaz Strebel. "Introduction: When Things Break Down." In Repair Work Ethnographies, 1–27. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2110-8_1.

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Maitland, Alison, and Peter Thomson. "How to break free of the old model." In Future Work, 110–27. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230354043_8.

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Lequin, Yves. "Apprenticeship In Nineteenth-Century France: A Continuing Tradition Or A Break With The Past?" In Work in France, edited by Steven Laurence Kaplan and Cynthia J. Koepp, 457–74. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501711237-017.

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Ngwenya, Elkana. "Just Give Me a Break, Will You? Effects of Uninterrupted Break Time on Teachers’ Work Lives." In The Future of Educational Research, 135–49. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-512-0_12.

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Feenstra, Robert C., and Alan M. Taylor. "Exchange Rate Crises: How Pegs Work and How They Break." In International Economics, 673–720. New York: Macmillan Learning, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-319-17913-7_20.

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Feenstra, Robert C., and Alan M. Taylor. "Exchange Rate Crises: How Pegs Work and How They Break." In International Macroeconomics, 307–54. New York: Macmillan Learning, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-319-17919-9_9.

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Revilla, Josefa Angelie D., and Iris Ann G. Martinez. "Investigation of Learning Remission in Manual Work Given that Similar Work is Performed During the Work Contract Break." In Proceedings of the Institute of Industrial Engineers Asian Conference 2013, 1147–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4451-98-7_136.

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Danford, Andy. "Work Organisation Inside Japanese Firms in South Wales: A Break from Taylorism?" In Workplaces of the Future, 40–64. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26346-2_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Work Break"

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Lu, Di, and Rosta Farzan. "When to Break the Ice." In CSCW '15: Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2685553.2698997.

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Gonzalez-Cadelo, J., C. Queral, and J. Montero-Mayorga. "Effects of Break Location and Time Uncertainties in Small-Break and Medium-Break LOCA Sequences With Unavailability of HPSI." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16348.

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The Integrated Safety Assessment (ISA) methodology, developed by the Spanish Nuclear Regulatory Body, consists of a dynamic methodology of probabilistic safety assessment. It has been applied to a thermal-hydraulic analysis of small-break and medium-break LOCA sequences without HPSI, for different break locations, in a three-loop PWR. ISA methodology allows to obtain the damage domain, defined as the region of the space of uncertain parameters where the damage condition is exceeded, for each sequence of interest. In this work, damage domain relates two uncertain parameters (starting time of secondary-side depressurization and break size) to damage exceedance condition (PCT > 1477 K). Several damage domains have been obtained, each one for each break location of interest (cold leg, hot leg, vessel upper head and vessel lower head). Simulations have been performed with TRACE v5.0 patch 1 code, and the results show the capability and convenience of ISA methodology, in order to obtain accurate results that take into account time uncertainties.
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Melikhov, Oleg I., Ilya V. Elkin, Vladimir I. Melikhov, Sergey M. Nikonov, and Sergey S. Pylev. "Results of Researches in the Frame Work of the Project “OECD PSB-VVER”." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29386.

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Under OECD PSB-VVER project, five experiments were performed in the PSB-VVER test facility. They are: 11% upper plenum break, natural circulation test, small break in cold leg, leak from primary circuit into secondary one and large break in cold leg. The experimental program purposes to cover the conditions that are highly relevant to the code validation related to PWR in general and to VVER-1000 safety assessments in particular. Main results of the OECD PSB-VVER project are presented in the paper.
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Luger, Tessy, Chris G. Maher, Monika A. Rieger, and Benjamin Steinhilber. "852 Work-break schedules for preventing musculoskeletal disorders in workers – a cochrane review." In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.791.

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Tseng, Vincent W. S., Matthew L. Lee, Laurent Denoue, and Daniel Avrahami. "Overcoming Distractions during Transitions from Break to Work using a Conversational Website-Blocking System." In CHI '19: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300697.

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Zhang, Brian J., Ryan Quick, Ameer Helmi, and Naomi T. Fitter. "Socially Assistive Robots at Work: Making Break-Taking Interventions More Pleasant, Enjoyable, and Engaging." In 2020 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros45743.2020.9341291.

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Fukuda, Shuichi. "Emotional Break-In of Products." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34364.

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Although break-in is important in products, only the aspect of run-in is considered in mechanical products. But we feel happy when our shoes come to fit us. We feel happy, too, if our products come to fit us in our operating conditions and work very well as we expect and meet not only our needs but also our preferences. Further, if our products come to fit us very well, we feel attached to them and will use them longer. Such emotional break-in has seldom been considered in mechanical design. If a product or a machine degrades and does not satisfy its design requirements, it will be restored to its original design level. This is considered to be the most important task of maintenance. But break-in is associated with the phenomenon of degradation. If we can manage our degradation more intelligently, we would feel happier because we feel the product or the machine is breaking in to our needs and to our preferences. This is a position paper to discuss this issue.
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Hussamadin, Raafat, Alexander Holm, Sofia Riglert, Linn Ramos B. Blidstål, and Gustav Jansson. "Process Platforms for Onsite Assemblies: A Case Study of Work Break Down Structures in SMEs." In International Conference on Construction and Real Estate Management 2020. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784483237.023.

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Gill, Peter J., John Sharples, and Keith Davey. "A Special Finite Element for Leak-Before-Break Analysis." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78466.

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Leak-before-Break is increasingly being used as part of safety justifications, particularly within the nuclear industry. In order to make a Leak-before-Break case for a pressurised component, it is necessary to determine leak rates through cracks under the operating load conditions. The R6 assessment procedure provides equations to calculate leak rates from a known crack opening area. Leak rates evaluated from this calculational route, however, can be subject to safety factors being applied due to various uncertainties. As such there is a strong motivation to better understand the factors affecting leak rates through cracks in pipes, so that there is less conservatism in the leak rate estimation. To perform the investigations into these factors, a special finite element has been developed. This element uses the extended finite element method to model cracks with boundary conditions on the faces due to the leaking fluid. Previous work has shown that leak rates through a crack are affected by closure of the crack, which is due to convective heat transfer from the leaking fluid to the crack faces. Therefore the new 2-D element is used to investigate this and it shows the effect of heat transfer and pressure acting on the crack faces. The first results of leak rate evaluations, using this new element, are presented in the paper.
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Reichmann, Felix, Alexander Tollkötter, and Norbert Kockmann. "Investigation of Bubble Break-Up in Microchannel Orifices." In ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2016-8048.

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Two-phase gas-liquid reactions often occur in chemical processes such as hydrogenation or oxidation. The flow of microbubbles in millichannels offers large specific contact surface for enhanced mass transfer and intensified chemical reactions. For low pressure loss, a combination of micro nozzles and millistructured channels is an alternative equipment design. Continuous dispersion flow through micro orifices with high flow velocity and pressure gradient deforms the phase boundary of bubbles triggering their break-up. In the nozzle’s outlet larger eddies are generated close to the wall disintegrating into smaller vortices with high flow oscillation. This has a major impact since eddies equaling bubble sizes initiate their break-up. In this work bubble break-up and its location in micro nozzles is studied in a flexible microchannel reactor concept. The dependence of the break-up location is investigated related to hydraulic diameter of the orifice, gas content, flow rate, and energy dissipation rate and its related volume. Regions of backflow increase energy loss; hence, the nozzle’s outlet angle was optimized reducing recirculation zones. Bubble dispersion and bubbly flow are studied in different orifices and channel elements with widths up to 7 mm. The outlet angle was varied between 6 and 45° to investigate different backflow regions. The effect of orifice dimensions on bubble sizes is evaluated for hydraulic diameters of 0.25 to 0.5 mm. The channel elements are fixed under a view glass enabling optical investigation of bubble size, first break-up points, and recirculation zones via high-speed camera. Analysis of bubble diameters and tracking of suspended particles was carried out by GIMP and ImageJ software. Generated bubble diameters are in the range of less than 0.1 mm up to 0.7 mm with narrow size distribution depending on the total flow rate through the channel. First break-up points; hence, the maximum energy input location are shifted closer to the outlet of the orifice with increasing velocities and smaller hydraulic diameters. However, the entire break-up region stays nearly constant for each orifice indicating stronger velocity oscillations acting on the bubble surface. A relation between smaller bubble diameter and larger energy dissipation was identified. Orifice outlet angles above 6° resulted in flow detachments and recirculation zones around the effluent jet. Ongoing investigation is carried out to further understand the mechanism and the influence of various parameters.
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Reports on the topic "Work Break"

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Denaro, Desirée. How Do Disruptive Innovators Prepare Today's Students to Be Tomorrow's Workforce?: Scholas' Approach to Engage Youth. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002899.

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The lack of motivation and sense of community within schools have proven to be the two most relevant factors behind the decision to drop out. Despite the notable progress made in school access in countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, dropping out of school has still been a problem. This paper explores Scholas Occurrentes pedagogical approach to address these dropouts. Scholas focuses on the voice of students. It seeks to act positively on their motivation by listening to them, creating spaces for discussion, and strengthening soft skills and civic engagement. Scholas aims to enhance the sense of community within schools by gathering students from different social and economic backgrounds and involving teachers, families, and societal actors. This will break down the walls between schools and the whole community. This paper presents Scholas work with three examples from Paraguay, Haiti, and Argentina. It analyzes the positive impacts that Scholas' intervention had on the participants. Then, it focuses on future challenges regarding the scalability and involvement of the institutions in the formulation of new public policies. The approach highlights the participatory nature of education and the importance of all actors engagement.
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Allende López, Marcos, Diego López, Sergio Cerón, Antonio Leal, Adrián Pareja, Marcelo Da Silva, Alejandro Pardo, et al. Quantum-Resistance in Blockchain Networks. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003313.

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This paper describes the work carried out by the Inter-American Development Bank, the IDB Lab, LACChain, Cambridge Quantum Computing (CQC), and Tecnológico de Monterrey to identify and eliminate quantum threats in blockchain networks. The advent of quantum computing threatens internet protocols and blockchain networks because they utilize non-quantum resistant cryptographic algorithms. When quantum computers become robust enough to run Shor's algorithm on a large scale, the most used asymmetric algorithms, utilized for digital signatures and message encryption, such as RSA, (EC)DSA, and (EC)DH, will be no longer secure. Quantum computers will be able to break them within a short period of time. Similarly, Grover's algorithm concedes a quadratic advantage for mining blocks in certain consensus protocols such as proof of work. Today, there are hundreds of billions of dollars denominated in cryptocurrencies that rely on blockchain ledgers as well as the thousands of blockchain-based applications storing value in blockchain networks. Cryptocurrencies and blockchain-based applications require solutions that guarantee quantum resistance in order to preserve the integrity of data and assets in their public and immutable ledgers. We have designed and developed a layer-two solution to secure the exchange of information between blockchain nodes over the internet and introduced a second signature in transactions using post-quantum keys. Our versatile solution can be applied to any blockchain network. In our implementation, quantum entropy was provided via the IronBridge Platform from CQC and we used LACChain Besu as the blockchain network.
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Dr. Jessica Schleider ‘Single sessions, scalable impact’ – In Conversation. ACAMH, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.12593.

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In her work Dr. Jessica Schleider tries to break down the barriers that prevent young people from reaching services, whilst providing accessible interventions to help reduce mental health problems that scale. She does this through her research, testing novel approaches to dissemination in non-traditional settings. Includes transcript.
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