Academic literature on the topic 'Work and family Australia Case studies'
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Journal articles on the topic "Work and family Australia Case studies"
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Gregory, Sheree, and Cathy Brigden. "Gendered scenes: conceptualising the negotiation of paid work and child care among performers in film, television and theatre production." Media International Australia 163, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x16689146.
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The pervasiveness of gender inequality in the media and entertainment industry has become an issue of growing public interest, debate and agitation. Whether it is the gender pay gap, the ongoing presence of the casting couch, the absence of women film directors, the experiences for women and men are strikingly different. Drawing on the findings of a case study of how performers manage care and precarious paid work in film, television and theatre production in Australia, this article provides a context in which work and care regimes can be analysed. Individualised negotiations with agents and producers are buttressed by individualised arrangements with family and extended networks to accommodate complex and changing needs. Despite high unionisation among performers, the key finding is that the overwhelming tendency was to deal with issues individually or as a couple, without reference to the union or through collective avenues.
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Kalliath, Parveen, Thomas Kalliath, Xi Wen Chan, and Christopher Chan. "Enhancing job satisfaction through work–family enrichment and perceived supervisor support: the case of Australian social workers." Personnel Review 49, no. 9 (May 29, 2020): 2055–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-06-2018-0219.
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PurposeDrawing on the conservation of resources theory and social exchange theory, this study aims to examine the underlying relationships linking work-to-family enrichment (WFE) and family-to-work enrichment (FWE) to perceived supervisor support and ultimately, job satisfaction among social workers.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from members of a social work professional body (n = 439) through an internet-based questionnaire and analysed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling.FindingsPerceived supervisor support mediated the relationships between work–family enrichment (specifically, WFE-Development, WFE-Affect and FWE-Efficiency) and job satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsSocial workers who worked in a positive work environment that uplifts their moods and attitudes (WFE-Affect), have access to intellectual and personal development (WFE-Development) and felt supported by their supervisors reported higher levels of job satisfaction. Those who possessed enrichment resources were found to be more efficient (FWE-Efficiency) also perceived their supervisors to be supportive and experienced higher job satisfaction. Future studies should consider other professional groups and incorporate a longitudinal design.Practical implicationsPromoting work–family enrichment among social workers can contribute to positive work outcomes such as perceived supervisor support and job satisfaction. HR practitioners, supervisors and organisations can promote work–family enrichment among social workers through introduction of family-friendly policies (e.g. flexitime, compressed workweek schedules) and providing a supportive work–family friendly environment for social workers.Originality/valueAlthough several work–family studies have linked work–family enrichment to job satisfaction, the present study shows how each dimension of WFE and FWE affects social workers' job satisfaction.
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Stevens, Catriona. "Temporary work, permanent visas and circular dreams: Temporal disjunctures and precarity among Chinese migrants to Australia." Current Sociology 67, no. 2 (September 13, 2018): 294–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392118792926.
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This article considers the disjunctures that exist between the temporalities of legal status and those of migrants’ lived experiences, and explores the relationship between precarity and temporality. Ethnographic research conducted among recent migrants from China living in Perth, Western Australia with a focus on migrants who have been sponsored by employers to work and remain in Australia, demonstrates that while migrants may hold temporary or permanent visas, their migration objectives and settlement processes do not necessarily accord with their formal status. Many individuals who arrived in Australia with the intention of quickly attaining permanent residency find their plans are stymied by shifting circumstances and changes to migration legislation. They instead continue to experience the precarious employment, liminality and family disruption that come with a prolonged and indeterminate temporariness. Meanwhile others have become permanent residents despite arriving as self-imagined sojourners, employment in Australia very often only the next step in a series of temporary labour migrations. Even after many years of permanent status, however, these migrants commonly experience a limited sense of belonging and imagine futures that entail circular patterns of on-migration. The case studies presented disrupt the sense of permanence that is implied in secure legal statuses, and provide evidence of the lasting impact of precarious temporalities.
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Ngo, Mark, Lynda R. Matthews, Michael Quinlan, and Philip Bohle. "Bereaved Family Members’ Views of the Value of Coronial Inquests Into Fatal Work Incidents." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 82, no. 3 (December 20, 2018): 446–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222818819344.
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Fatal work incidents result in an array of government responses, and in countries such as the United Kingdom and Australia, this may include the holding of coronial inquests. A common theme from the scant literature is that family members have a strong need to know how and why their loved one died. The inquisitorial nature of inquests suggests potential in uncovering this information, although little is known about families’ experiences with these proceedings. Interviews with 40 bereaved relatives explored their views and experiences of inquests. Findings suggest that families, often frustrated with other investigative processes, want inquests to provide a better understanding of how and why the death occurred, uncover any failings/responsibilities, and thereby move closer to a sense of justice being obtained for the deceased. Families identified problems perceived to impair the process and where improvements could be made to secure a more effective and meaningful institutional response to the fatality.
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Thomas, Janelle, Cate Thomas, and Kirsty Smith. "The Challenges for Gender Equity and Women in Leadership in a Distributed University in Regional Australia." Social Sciences 8, no. 6 (May 30, 2019): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8060165.
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The barriers to women’s achievement and career progression in the higher education sector have been well researched. It has long been acknowledged that career breaks for child-rearing, and women’s self-beliefs about their abilities can impact negatively on their careers, and many programs and policies have been implemented to redress these around the world. This article is focussed around a regional Australian university, with multiple campuses distributed over 1000 km across two states. Courses, schools, and work teams are often spread across multiple campuses, and travel between campuses is sometimes a necessity; one that is time-consuming and requires time away from family. For some women, travelling is not possible due to family and other commitments or constraints. This paper explores how working in a regional university, with distributed campuses, has an additional impact on women’s career progression. Through auto-ethnographic accounts of four female staff members, we explore the intersection of gender and location through case studies of personal experiences, investigating the effects that distance and travel limitations can have on participation in work team and networking events, access to professional development opportunities, and career progression within the institution.
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Cheng, Zhiming, Ingrid Nielsen, and Henry Cutler. "Perceived job quality, work-life interference and intention to stay." International Journal of Manpower 40, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-08-2017-0208.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between aged care employees’ perceived job quality and intention to stay in current aged care facilities, mediated by work-life interference.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses the nationally representative employee–employer matched data from the 2012 National Aged Care Workforce Census and Survey in Australia. It applies the theoretical lens of the Job Characteristics Model and a mediation analytical model that controls for a rich set of employee, employer and regional characteristics.FindingsThis paper finds that higher perceived job quality positively correlates with greater intention to stay and that work-life interference mediates the relationship between perceived job quality and intention to stay.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper cannot make inference about causal relationship. Future studies on the aged care workforce should collect longitudinal data so that time-invariant unobservables can be eliminated in econometric modelling.Practical implicationsEfforts by the aged care sector to design quality jobs are likely to have significant positive correlation with the intention to stay, not only because employees are less likely to leave higher quality jobsper se, but also because higher quality jobs interfere less in the family lives of aged care workers, which itself is associated with greater intention to stay.Originality/valueThe results add to a small literature that has investigated how work-family variables can mediate between interventions that organisations put in place to improve work-life balance, and employee outcomes.
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Suha, Mariyam, Linda Murray, Deborah Warr, Jasmin Chen, Karen Block, Adele Murdolo, Regina Quiazon, Erin Davis, and Cathy Vaughan. "Reproductive coercion as a form of family violence against immigrant and refugee women in Australia." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 3, 2022): e0275809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275809.
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Reproductive coercion (RC), generally considered a form of intimate partner violence (IPV), refers to perpetrator behaviours and actions that are intended to interfere with and control the autonomous decision-making of a person regarding their reproductive health. To date there are few studies that document RC as experienced by immigrant and refugee women. In this article, we explore cases of RC as described by women who were part of a larger qualitative study investigating violence against immigrant and refugee women in southern Australia. The study aimed to identify the types of RC detailed in immigrant and refugee women’s narratives, and to illustrate the contexts in which these experiences occurred. Analysis followed Baxter and Jack’s (2008) case study methodology; whereby particular “cases” are used to describe a phenomenon in context. Thirteen women from seven countries described experiences that fit definitions of RC. The cases describe various types of RC including violence during pregnancy with the intent of causing miscarriage, forced abortion, contraception sabotage and forced pregnancy. As well as intimate partners, some women described multiple perpetrators being complicit in their experience of RC, especially in regard to controlling women’s access to, and interactions with health services. More information is needed about immigrant and refugee women’s experiences of RC, and how vulnerability to multi-perpetrator violence affects health service access. In particular knowledge about how multi-perpetrator RC can affect consent processes for women who already face barriers to health care requires attention. Further research is required to address knowledge gaps about appropriate prevention and advocacy work about RC in refugee and migrant communities, and what training is needed for professionals in the family violence sector, women’s health services, women’s organisations, multicultural and ethno-specific services.
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Anglin, James P., and Lilia M. Zaharieva. "INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL ISSUE: UNDERSTANDING AND RESPONDING TO PAIN-BASED BEHAVIOUR IN CHILD AND YOUTH CARE WORK." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 10, no. 2-3 (April 8, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs102-3201918849.
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We are grateful to Dr. Sibylle Artz, Editor of the International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies, for the invitation to produce a special issue on pain-based behaviour in child and youth care work. Since the term was created and published in 2002 (Anglin, 2002), the notion has entered the literature, the research, and, perhaps most importantly, the practice of child and youth care internationally. The eight articles in this issue come from Ireland, Australia, the United States, and Canada, and offer a broad range of perspectives.After receiving the invitation to compile this issue, we scanned the recent child and youth care literature and readily identified 13 publications — articles and books — using the term pain-based behaviour. There are undoubtedly many more, however we believed the authors of these publications would present a significant cross-section of perspectives on understanding and responding to pain and pain-based behaviour. We are excited and honoured that the authors represented here were able to contribute articles to this issue.
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Shrestha, Durga, and Catherine M. Joyce. "Aspects of work - life balance of Australian general practitioners: determinants and possible consequences." Australian Journal of Primary Health 17, no. 1 (2011): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py10056.
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The Australian general practitioner (GP) workforce, especially younger generation GPs and female GPs, increasingly prioritises work–life balance (WLB). Good WLB is associated with decreased interest of medical students in general practice as a speciality choice as well as good health and wellbeing, and decisions of GPs to retire early. Therefore, understanding the role played by different factors in achieving WLB is crucial to ensure a sufficient GP workforce necessary to meet the rising demands of health care. There is a dearth of empirical, quantitative, large, population-based studies assessing the level of WLB in the Australian GP population as well as contributing and consequent factors. Our study fills this identified gap in the current literature. This study aimed to investigate the extent, determinants and possible consequences of WLB of Australian GPs. Data for this study come from the baseline cohort of the Medicine in Australia: Balancing Employment and Life (MABEL) longitudinal, population-level survey. Questionnaires tailored specifically for GPs and GP registrars were sent to all clinically active GPs registered in the Australian Medical Publishing Co. (AMPCo) database (n = 22 137), with a choice of completing either a paper or online version. Data were collected between June and December 2008. STATA (10.0) was used for conducting weighted data analyses. Regression methods were applied for assessing the associations between dependent and independent variables. Of the 3906 GPs (17.6%) who responded, 53% reported that the balance between their personal and professional commitments was about right. Generation X GPs and females reported a better WLB than baby boomers and males respectively. However, those reporting good WLB also worked significantly fewer hours than those reporting poor WLB. GPs who reported good opportunities for leisure activities and perceived that they have good health also reported better WLB. Contrastingly, those reporting difficulty in taking time off when wanted, working unpredictable and longer hours reported poor WLB. Importantly, poor WLB was associated with increased intention to reduce total hours worked by GPs. Several factors relating to family and social circumstances were not significantly associated with WLB of GPs in this study. Only half of the GP workforce reported good WLB. Flexibility of work hours, opportunities for leisure activities and good health of GPs have the potential to enhance the WLB and hence promote greater GP participation in the workforce.
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Barnwell, Ashley. "Convict shame to convict chic: Intergenerational memory and family histories." Memory Studies 12, no. 4 (May 24, 2017): 398–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698017709870.
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This article highlights the significance of family history research for memory studies. It provides an overview of the economic and cultural impact of this popular practice as well as a survey of the interdisciplinary field of research emerging around questions of genealogy and identity. It then develops a framework for engaging with the intergenerational, socially responsive memory work of family historians drawing from Paul Connerton’s typography of forgetting, Maurice Halbwach’s theory of social memory and Karl Mannheim’s notion of generations. The article grounds this framework with a case study about generational conflicts in Australian family histories, specifically around the shifting status of the convict ancestor, from a figure of secrecy and shame to one of pride and intrigue. I argue that family history research reveals the process by which generations have shaped memory, editing ‘the family narrative’ in response to changing social ideas about which kinds of identities and families hold value and promise. The names and dates on family trees therefore tell the stories not just of a discrete set of individuals but also of how social, national and generational interests interlink to produce the narratives we live by in both intimate and public spheres.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Work and family Australia Case studies"
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Jayatilaka, Jennifer A. "An investigation of family literacy practices of eight families with preprimary children and a family literacy program conducted in a low socio-economic area." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1998. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/991.
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Study of the research literature showed that literacy skills are socialised in young children along with their learning of oral language. This socialisation process occurs within a child's home environment long before they enter formal schooling. Family literacy has been shown to have the potential to impact powerfully on children's perceptions about literacy use through role models and support provided by various family and community members. Literacy activity is often deeply embedded in daily family practices. For some children, differences between home and school literacy practices can occur. Where this mismatch occurs for children in low socio economic homes the problems associated can be compounded. In the present study a formative experimental design was used to investigate and describe some of the literacy practices of eight families living in a low socio-economic environment as identified by the parents of children attending a preprimary centre. Some family literacy programs designed to reduce the effect of the literacy mismatch between home and school have been found, in research literature, to be unsuitable for certain communities because of their inability to address the needs of individual families. The present study reports on the results of a family literacy program jointly planned by the teacher/researcher and parents of eight families from a low socio-economic community. It describes the nature of the family literacy program and the perceptions of the program held by the eight participants. Issues arising from this family literacy program design are highlighted and some implications for educational practice and further research are presented.
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Law, Kin-wai Natalie, and 羅健慧. "An application of Minuchin's structural family therapy in working witha family with children discharged from child care institution: a case study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31247878.
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Klopfer, Loretta Marie. "A longitudinal study of a family maintenance program." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/797.
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Abubaker, Mahmoud A. J. "Work Life Balance Policies and Practices: Case studies of the Palestinian Telecommunication Sector." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14367.
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AtkinsonThis study explores Work Life Balance (WLB) in two Palestinian organisations. It argues that the nature and content of WLB policies and the reasons for their adoption in many Arabic organisations differ from those in Western organisations. Additionally, research is under-developed concerning the role of line managers in interpreting access to WLB practices, and to what extent such WLB practices are accessed and utilised by individuals. Based on a qualitative approach, using semi-structured interviews with 49 employees and managers, this study shows that WLB policies involve, particularly for female employees, mainly family support, and financial, social, and religious benefits. These reflect cultural and religious characteristics of an Arab, Islamic country. In addition to identifying the role of government, and the needs of a female workforce, this study develops a new theoretical framework explaining the role of religious and cultural variables, as well as international networking of the organisations, as factors underlying adoption of WLB policies. Line managers often used Wasta, being the political and religious origin of individuals as criteria in granting benefits to individuals. WLB practices are useful for women, but males made less use of these practices, preferring strong ‘breadwinner Arabic cultural norms. A valuable contribution in understanding the extension of WLB policies in Arabic settings is offered, as well as cultural, social and religious reasons for their implementation. The study presents a theoretical model of the adoption and application of WLB policies which can be used in further crosscultural research.
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Choy, Yin-san Catherine. "An exploratory study on anticipatory grieving : case studies of spouses of terminally ill patients /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12341575.
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Moloney, Adrianne. ""Family" as Constructed by Adoptees After Making Contact with Their Birth Families." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1998. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/238.
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Legislative changes during the 1980s and 1990s opened confidential adoption files of the past enabling many adoptees and relinquishing parents to establish contact. This study examines the way in which the meaning of family is constructed by adoptees who have made contact with their birth relatives, and how these constructions were altered after contact. The ways in which biological and social definitions of family are constructed and contested in these settings is explored. Sociological definitions of family are discussed and the gap between ideal notions of 'family' and the lived experience of 'family' is explored. The study focuses on the process by which people are assigned as family. It explores what 'family' means to those involved in the study and the criteria they employ to construct their meanings of 'family'.
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陳袁美玉 and Yuen Mei-yuk Peggy Chan. "Problems encourtered by discharged mentally ill patients and their families: case study of four young maleschizophrenics and their families." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31974338.
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Wong, Ho Fung-see, and 黃何鳳施. "The role of family therapy in residential casework: a case study of helping an adolescent facing discharge." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31248287.
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Eaton, Susan C. "Work-family integration in biotechnology : implications for firms and employees." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42820.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 271-288).
This dissertation addresses the problems and synergies of integrating paid work with other meaningful parts of life, and avoiding pernicious choices between work and family. To do so, I examine the very structure of work organization for professional and technical employees in small and medium-sized companies in a new, knowledge-based sector of the US economy. The research questions are: What dynamics at work, related to time, boundaries, and control of schedules and work process, influence satisfaction at work and home, commitment to the work organization, well-being and gender equity? Under what conditions are supportive "work-family" practices by firms, as experienced in a day-to-day context, associated with positive outcomes at home and work? The dissertation builds on relevant aspects of industrial relations, human resources, and work process research, and scholarship concerning families, gender, and work-family boundaries. Work scholarship is incomplete without a lens that incorporates the holistic lives and concerns of the people doing the work, and family scholarship is incomplete without serious consideration of the work structures that shape family schedules, resources, conflicts, and availability for caregiving. This dissertation uses both qualitative data from 80 interviews to get an in-depth picture of respondents' lives, and a broader quantitative analysis based on an original survey with 463 professional scientists and managers. These were gathered from biopharmaceutical employees in Massachusetts during 1996-99. From the interviews I find that flexibility at work, support at home, and control at work are the key factors that contribute to satisfaction outcomes given similar levels of demands. But these are not distributed evenly by gender, company, or level of job. The survey data show that it is not only the presence of workplace policies on work-family, but the employee's day-to-day experience of whether she is free to use the policies, that contributes to positive outcomes. I introduce a concept o "perceived usability" and use multivariate regression analysis to show it is linked to control of time, pace, and place of work, to organizational commitment and "integrated satisfaction." I find that gender is the strongest stress predictor in this sample. I find that biotechnology offers unusual opportunities for gender equity at work, but a combination of traditional managerial attitudes and inequity at home erects barriers to realizing this potential. In conclusion, I argue that we cannot effectively understand organizational life and work design without considering mutually interactive effects of home and family concerns.
by Susan Catherine Eaton.
Ph.D.
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Choy, Yin-san Catherine, and 蔡妍珊. "An exploratory study on anticipatory grieving: case studies of spouses of terminally ill patients." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31247799.
Full textBooks on the topic "Work and family Australia Case studies"
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D'Abbs, Peter. Who helps?: Support networks and social policy in Australia. Melbourne, Australia: Australian Institute of Family Studies, 1991.
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Louise, Mulroney, and O'Neil Di 1946-, eds. Promoting family change: The optimism factor. St. Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin, 2000.
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1946-, O'Neil Di, ed. Beyond child rescue: Developing family-centred practice at St Luke's. 2nd ed. Bendigo, Vic: Solutions Press, 1998.
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1946-, O'Neil Di, ed. Beyond child rescue: Developing family-centred practice at St Luke's. St Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin, 1996.
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C, Hood Jane, and Men's Studies Association (U.S.), eds. Men, work, and family. Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1993.
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Child welfare: Case studies. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 2002.
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Gunner, Emily. A family in Australia. New York: Bookwright Press, 1985.
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Swerdlin, Marcy. Corporate work & family programs for the 1990s: Five case studies. Washington, D.C: Special Projects Unit of the Bureau of National Affairs, Inc., 1989.
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Rosemary, Cassano D., ed. Social work with multi-family groups. New York: Haworth Press, 1989.
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Rapoport, Rhona. Relinking life and work: Toward a better future. [New York, N.Y: Ford Foundation], 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Work and family Australia Case studies"
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Saha, Swapan, Ziad Zarika, and Payam Zekavat. "Scaffold and Crane Work Health Safety Failure Incidents and Case Studies in Australia." In Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate, 2239–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8892-1_157.
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Reddel, Tim, Kelly Hand, and Lutfun Nahar Lata. "Influencing Social Policy on Families through Research in Australia." In Family Dynamics over the Life Course, 297–312. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12224-8_14.
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AbstractThere is an emerging academic and public policy discourse about better research engagement, impact and policy translation. In this chapter we examine the place of research in making ‘real world’ impact on the social policies and practices affecting Australian families, especially the transmission of (dis)advantage over the life course and across generations. We begin by briefly reflecting on the influence of ‘policy research’ in shaping Australia’s early social development through the 1907 Basic Wage Case by Justice Higgins (The Harvester judgement), which placed the intersection of work and family life at the centre of economic and social policy debates. While historical, these reforms laid the foundations for what can be seen as tentative life course social policy frameworks engaged in the dynamics of family life from birth to death, changing family structures, and increasing economic and gender inequality. We then examine selected historical and contemporary social policy episodes consistent with the book’s central themes where research from academia, the public sector and civil society has been impactful in key national and state-based policy systems such as social security, balancing work and family, child care, addressing gender inequality and support for vulnerable and complex families.
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de Hoon, Marloes, and Ilse van Liempt. "For the Sake of Our Children? A Mixed-Methods Study of the Family Dynamics of Intra-European Mobility Among Somalis." In IMISCOE Research Series, 45–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12503-4_3.
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AbstractThis chapter adds to a young body of literature exploring the patterns of and motivations for the intra-EU mobility of non-EU migrants. As explanatory factors of these mobilities, recent studies point to the constrained access to work, networks and institutions in the country of residence. The role of children in onward mobilities has received little attention thus far. While offspring are generally theorised as a ‘binding’ factor, research suggests that children can also be central in onward-mobility decision-making. Parents take children’s specific needs and their hopes for their children’s future into consideration within the decision of onward mobility. Children can also move on their own account or stay put while their parents move again. We present a case study to unveil the dynamics within Somali families around the decision to move onwards to the UK. This provides a rich and suitable case, because of the relatively high onward-mobility rates and the great variety in family composition and characteristics. Using a mixed-methods design, we develop, test and contextualise theoretical expectations concerning the relationship between the timing of arrival of children in the host country and their onward migration, with or without their parents. In addition, we empirically address the expectation that independent migration is more common in larger families. A comparison with other young people of refugee background is provided to shed light on the particularities and generalities of our findings.
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Ryff, Carol D. "In Pursuit of Eudaimonia: Past Advances and Future Directions." In Human Flourishing, 9–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09786-7_2.
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AbstractEudaimonic well-being builds on the writings of Aristotle and integrates contemporary theories of positive psychological functioning. The empirically operationalization is detailed, emphasizing the importance of rigorous psychometric evaluation. Scientific advances of this model of well-being are noted, showing links to sociodemographic factors, experiences in work and family life, and health outcomes. Three future directions for research are considered. The first addresses growing problems of socioeconomic inequality and their role in undermining the opportunities of disadvantaged segments of society to experience eudaimonia. These problems have now been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has disproportionately impacted those who were already vulnerable. The second new direction examines the role of the arts and humanities as factors that nurture eudaimonic well-being. Whether the arts can activate needed compassion and caring among the privileged is also considered. The third new direction examines the intersection of entrepreneurial studies with eudaimonic well-being. Conventional conceptions of entrepreneurial success focus on business profits; a case is made that eudaimonia, of the entrepreneur as well as his/her employees and surrounding communities, constitute further measure of success that elevate issues of virtue, morality, and ethics.
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Helsloot, Angela. "Allambie Heights Public School, Sydney, Australia." In Systematic synthetic phonics: case studies from Sounds-Write practitioners, 11–22. Research-publishing.net, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2022.55.1355.
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Allambie Heights Public School is located on the Northern Beaches of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is a Kindergarten to Year 6 school for students aged five to twelve years. The school is “committed to the pursuit of high academic achievement in a safe, secure, and caring learning environment. The programs offered are diverse, and challenge and inspire our students. Students, parents and staff work in partnership to create a vibrant learning community. Literacy, numeracy and technology are emphasized within learning programs”. The school motto, ‘Ever Aim High’, “underpins the school’s strong belief that each child needs to be recognized for their own achievements, celebrating success [both at] a school and personal level”. As a Positive Behavior for Learning school, the school values of respect, responsibility, and resilience are key to the success of our school community. We currently have 514 students and 51 staff in our school. Four students identify as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and 14% of students come from a language background other than English. The school is in a high socio-economic area with a Family Occupation and Education Index (FOEI) of 17. The school Index of Community and Socio-Educational Advantage is 1,112.
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Saunders, Peter. "The development, value and application of budget standards: reflecting on the Australian experience." In Minimum Income Standards and Reference Budgets, 139–54. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447352952.003.0010.
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This chapter draws attention to Australia's very rich tradition of family budget research, which was associated with the Social Policy Research Centre. It explains that the idea of a basic living standard enshrined in wage laws became a reality in Australia at the start of the 20th century. It also charts the history of budget standards research in Australia, focusing on the four major studies that were coordinated during the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s. The chapter looks at the latest work that relates to the budget for healthy living and combines public health knowledge and focus group deliberations. It concludes that budget standards only provide a rough-and-ready adequacy benchmark, which should be used with care and in conjunction with other measurement approaches to living standards whenever possible.
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Hannaford, B. D. "Case studies in work experience at Marion High School, South Australia." In Work Experience in Secondary Schools, 109–20. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429452529-9.
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Stockley, Naomi, Rianna Tatana, Roshni Kaur, and Alice Reynolds. "The Pavilion School, Melbourne, Australia." In Systematic synthetic phonics: case studies from Sounds-Write practitioners, 113–23. Research-publishing.net, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2022.55.1366.
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The Pavilion School is located in Melbourne, Australia. It is a specialist Flexible Learning Option (FLO) for students who have disengaged or been excluded from mainstream education. There are 235 secondary-aged school students enrolled across two campuses in Melbourne’s northern suburbs. A considerable proportion of students at the Pavilion School face significant risk factors which impede their access to education. They are as follows: mental health challenges (60% of students); alcohol and other drug use (49%); school absenteeism (47%); family vulnerability (47%); and youth justice involvement (16%). Other relevant demographics that make up our student population include the following: 25% receive funding as part of the Program for Students with Disabilities (PSD); 24% identify as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander; and 10% are in Out of Home Care.
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McLean, Emina. "Docklands Primary School, Melbourne, Australia." In Systematic synthetic phonics: case studies from Sounds-Write practitioners, 43–53. Research-publishing.net, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2022.55.1358.
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Our brand-new school, Docklands Primary School, opened in January 2021. Located in the heart of Melbourne, Australia, we are a state school for students in Foundation through to Year 6. At the time of this case study first being written, we had 255 students enrolled, but numbers continue to grow. We have a vibrant and diverse student community, with over 60% of our students speaking English as an additional language. Our students were born in 21 different countries, and there are at least thirteen different languages spoken at home. As the English and Literacy Leader, I oversee curriculum, assessment, instruction, intervention, and professional learning in those domains. Part of that foundational work has involved ensuring staff are formally trained in Sounds-Write, and that the programme is implemented with consistency and fidelity across classrooms. We teach Sounds-Write in the first three years of school (Foundation-Year 2). Students receive 30 minutes of instruction daily and planning and delivery is consistent across year level classrooms. In 2021, there were six Foundation classes, two Year 1 classes, and one Year 2 class. We are not considered a particularly advantaged or disadvantaged school, with an Index of Community Socio-Educational Advantage value close to the average of 1,000 (range of 800-1,200).
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Hoffman, Lauren J., Elaina A. Zendegui, and Brian C. Chu. "Commentary." In Case Studies Within Psychotherapy Trials, 108–18. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199344635.003.0004.
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The work of Thastum and his colleagues (this volume) presents exciting new directions for improving the robustness and accessibility of evidence-based services. Their chapter describes efforts to replicate evidence-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment programs from one country, Australia, to another, Denmark, which contributes to the ever-expanding evidence base for global applicability of CBT for youth anxiety. We comment on the contributions of this replication trial and its implications for further dissemination of evidence-based practice across the globe, in addition to the unique role that mixed methods can play in this effort....
Conference papers on the topic "Work and family Australia Case studies"
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Nurendra, Annisa Miranty, and Rifelda Amadea Rosady. "Work Family Enrichment, Job Crafting, and Work Engagement Among Married Employees: A Case in Construction Company." In International Conference on Economics and Business Studies (ICOEBS 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220602.030.
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Kuzmichev, Dmitry, Babak Moradi, Yulia Mironenko, Negar Hadian, Raffik Lazar, Laurent Alessio, and Faeez Rahmat. "Case Studies of Digitalized Locate the Remaining Oil Workflows Powered by Hybrid Data & Physics Methods." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207958-ms.
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Abstract Mature fields already account for about 70% of the hydrocarbon liquids produced globally. Since the average recovery factor for oil fields is 30 to 35%, there is substantial quantities of remaining oil at stake. Conventional simulation-based development planning approaches are well established, but their implementation on large, complex mature oil fields remains challenging given their resource, time, and cost intensity. In addition, increased attention towards reduce carbon emissions makes the case for alternative, computationally-light techniques, as part of a global digitalisation drive, leveraging modern analytics and machine learning methods. This work describes a modern digital workflow to identify and quantify by-passed oil targets. The workflow leverages an innovative hybrid physics-guided data-driven, which generates historical phase saturation maps, forecasts future fluid movements and locate infill opportunities. As deliverables, a fully probabilistic production forecast is obtained for each drilling location, as a function of the well type, its geometry, and position in the field. The new workflow can unlock remaining potential of mature fields in a shorter time-frame and generally very cost-effectively compared to the advanced dynamic reservoir modelling and history-match workflows. Over the last 5 years, this workflow has been applied to more than 30 mature oil fields in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. Three case studies’ examples and application environments of applied digital workflow are described in this paper. This study demonstrates that it is now possible to deliver digitalized locating the remaining oil projects, capturing the full uncertainty ranges, including leveraging complex multi-vintage spatial 4D datasets, providing reliable non-simulation physics-compliant data-driven production forecasts within weeks.
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McManus, Adam, Daniel Tofful, and Rafal Wozniak. "Design of segmental box girder bridges with match cast dry joints in Melbourne, Australia." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.0269.
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<p>A study of recent work undertaken on the Caulfield to Dandenong Level Crossing Removal Project and West Gate Tunnel Project in Melbourne Australia. The viaducts on these projects were precast segmental box girders erected span-by-span with match cast dry joints which present several key advantages in brownfield construction of linear infrastructure.</p><p>These case studies consider the application of Australian and International design standards to the design of Australian Infrastructure. It is acknowledged that international design standards such as AASHTO have moved away from the use of match cast dry joints however in the Australian context they are still relevant, and it has been necessary to interrogate current standards to establish a suitable design basis. This approach is imperative when assessing existing infrastructure like recent work on the West Gate Tunnel Project which involved the assessment of the existing precast segmental City Link Viaducts. This study seeks to present recommendations on how AS5100.5 may be modified to provide a more practical and efficient solution for the design of new and the assessment of existing infrastructure.</p>
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Green, Clare. "Children’s names and family language policy for multilingual parents in the UK." In International Conference on Onomastics “Name and Naming”. Editura Mega, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30816/iconn5/2019/9.
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This paper explores the relationship between the names that multilingual parents choose for their children, and the family’s language policy (consisting of their language practices, beliefs and management). Using case studies from interviews with parents in the UK who speak a first language other than English, it discusses the factors behind the name choice, various ways parents make their children’s names “work” in multiple languages, and why some parents give their children monolingual names. Children’s names often reflect their parents’ linguistic beliefs and intentions, but they do not predict how the family’s language policy will later develop.
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Jung, Sangjin, and Timothy W. Simpson. "An Integrated Approach to Product Family Redesign Using Commonality and Variety Metrics." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46894.
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Redesigning a product family entails carefully balancing the tradeoffs between commonality and differentiation that are governed by the underlying platform architecture. Numerous metrics for commonality and variety exist to support product family design; however, rarely are they used in concert to redesign platforms effectively. In this paper, we introduce an integrated approach using multiple product family metrics to establish an effective platform redesign strategy. Specifically, we present a detailed procedure to integrate the Generational Variety Index (GVI), Product Line Commonality Index (PCI), and Design Structure Matrix (DSM) to prioritize components for redesign based on variety and commonality needs. The integrated approach extends to the platform architecture and establishes a redesign strategy for interfaces between components in the platform architecture. To demonstrate the approach, case studies involving two generations of wireless computer mice and two families of dishwashers are presented. Ongoing and future work are also discussed.
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Egorova, Maia, and Tamara Ruiz. "STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION AT DIFFERENT PHASES OF GETTING HIGHER EDUCATION (THE CASE OF RUSSIA)." In NORDSCI Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2021/b1/v4/13.
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"The problem of motivation is one of the most important in determining the driving mechanisms that force a person to learn, work, master something new. Motivation to work is one of the key elements of challenging yourself on the way to self-development. Motivation has deep psychological and moral roots and is a complex multifaceted phenomenon that often defies logical comprehension. In addition, it is an ephemeral, elusive thing; it is not a permanent feature of a person in one or another area of his activity. Accordingly, it is the problem of origin, retention, and in a good scenario of strengthening the motivation that is in one of the first place among the tasks that modern teachers face. Rapid scientific and technological development and progress in various fields of knowledge, new scientific and technical discoveries and the need for new high-tech developments require specialists with a high level of education and high-quality professional training. This applies not only to scientific and technical spheres, but also to natural-applied and humanitarian areas. All this makes higher education today a prestigious and extremely attractive goal for most young people, making young people use their studies at a university as a social lift for further personal development and career development. At the same time, a situation is observed when entering universities, many young people are faced with a serious problem of lack of motivation to learn, or they are demotivated in the learning process, which often leads to a very low level of quality of their studies, and sometimes makes them interrupt study for academic leave or give it up completely. Pedagogical science has accumulated a wealth of experience in studying this problem, however, the modern challenges of a changing world require pedagogy to constantly monitor changes and search for new approaches to solving the problems that students have in the course of obtaining higher education. The authors study this problem, taking as an example Russia, which is a country at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, where features of European and Eastern culture are combined in people. The authors approached the issue from several important angles. The article analyzes the socio-economic and political characteristics that affect the motivation for learning among young people. Particular attention is paid to the state of the current Russian society, spiritual and moral guidelines of young people, their goals and views on life and their own future. The authors emphasize the importance of family, religion and spiritual and moral development in the issue of motivation to work and study. The authors come to the conclusion that the problem of lack of motivation is based on a combination of reasons, but its root is primarily in the family upbringing of the student, as well as in his moral component and emotional and psychological maturity of the individual. The article provides an overview and some of the changes in student motivation associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and online learning. It is important to note that in the course of their research, the authors relied on their many years of experience in teaching at higher educational institutions in Russia."
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Wolfart, Daniele, Wesley Klewerton Guez Assunção, and Jabier Martinez. "Open Source Software on the Research of Extractive Adoption of Software Product Lines." In Congresso Latino-Americano de Software Livre e Tecnologias Abertas. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/latinoware.2019.10349.
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Beyond the main purpose of Open Source Software (OSS) to open industrial Provide and personal solutions, pieces of OSS are Also the subject of many research efforts. In this work we focus on OSS usage the case study subjects in the context of extractive adoption of software product lines. This field of research is related to re-engineering the existing system towards more variants systematic reuse for the creation and management of a family of products. By analyzing the catalog of case studies, We provide an overview and a discussion of the current research state-of-the-practice of OSS usage across the different phases of the process re-engineering. We complement this work with the identification of available OSS tools to support this process to show the conclusion, the healthy contribution que OSS communities are directly or Indirectly making to this active research field.
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La Forgia, N., M. Fernandino, and C. A. Dorao. "Numerical Simulation of Adiabatic Two-Phase Flow in Micro-Channels." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-36028.
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Compact and efficient heat exchangers are needed to obtain energy efficient processes. An optimal design and operation of such systems require improving the physical understanding of the complex two-phase flow phenomena. The complexity of the evaporation process has been widely acknowledged, and several descriptions have been proposed with special focus on the micro region between the bubble interface and the heated wall [1,2,3]. In the case of evaporation in micro channels and as a consequence of the large interfacial area to volume ratio, some factors such as surface tension, frictional pressure drop, nucleation, etc. are playing an important role, and thus cannot be neglected. The prediction of the behavior of micro-scale two-phase evaporation is still limited. While experimental studies [4] have provided valuable insight of the phenomena, due to limitations in the experimental conditions all aspects of the micro scale boiling flow are not completely understood. In this sense, a computational approach can help to complement experimental studies. However the simulation of micro scale flow has several challenging aspects such as the tracking of the bubble interface, introduction of the surface tension effects, subscale modeling of the micro region, and the like. The goal of this work is to discuss the development of a computational model for studying micro scale evaporation phenomena and bubble dynamics in micro scale boiling and flowing. The model is based on a continuum surface force (CSF) model which belongs to the family of diffuse interface methods. A particular aspect of this work is the subgrid modeling of the micro scale region and its coupling to the macro scale flow. The mathematical model is solved using a spectral element method which provides a good balance between accuracy and computational cost.
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Medeiros, Albertina Pereira, Silene Seibel, Renato Natal Jorge, and Anto´nio Augusto Fernandes. "Lean Thinking and Product Innovation in the Furniture Industry." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86630.
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The pressure to innovate has been particularly strong in industry traditional sectors if they are to survive to competitors with lower labour costs. Furniture has become a commodity product in some international markets. In most countries the furniture industry is highly fragmented and family owned. In this context the decision to introduce and launch new products rests solely on the owner, without considering the costumer needs. At the same time, the companies do not have an organizational structure and a formal process for managing new product development (NPD). In recent years “lean thinking” has gained increased popularity as a new paradigm of product design and manufacturing. This is due to the success which Toyota attained worldwide. The present research, still in progress, aims to answer the following research question: “Can lean thinking principles, methods and tools be applied in product development in a traditional sector such as the furniture industry?” To answer this question a research programme has been designed based on a cross-case analysis in two distinct cultural settings: the Portuguese and Brazilian furniture industries. Two in-depth case studies are in progress in two firms (one in Portugal and another in Brazil). The research programme is focused on the following principles: organize to balance functional expertise, to establish customer defined value, front load the product development process and to use tools for standardisation. The application of these principles has as its main goal to eliminate waste during the process chain and attain excellence. The first phase of the work looked into the subsystem People, with particular emphasis on the organizational structure. The preliminary results, obtained up to now, show that there is no formal product development system currently in place in the studied companies. This results in an inefficient flow of information in all phases of the product development, leading to numerous sources of waste.
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Bhale, Purnanand V., Nishikant V. Deshpande, and Piyush N. Deshpande. "Experimental Investigations on the Effect of Long Term Biodiesel Usage on Thermal Decomposition of CI Engine Crankcase Oil." In ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2009-14047.
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The gradual depletion of world petroleum reserves, increases in prices of petroleum based fuels and environmental pollution due to exhaust emissions have encouraged studies to search for alternative fuels. Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel consisting of alkyl monoesters of fatty acids derived from vegetable oils. It has been the focus of considerable amount of recent research because it is renewable and reduces the emission of some pollutants. The desirability of developing biodiesel from different tree borne oil seeds and decreasing the dependency on petroleum based fuels has been discussed by many over the last few decades. However some of the important issues like compatibility of biodiesel with the crankcase lubricating oil, thermal stability of lubricating oil with biodiesel usage, changes in physical and chemical properties of lubricating oil with biodiesel etc. have not been sufficiently investigated. This needs to be addressed in order to ensure the long term acceptability of biodiesel in an existing family of diesel engines. In the present work these issues have been addressed. For this purpose engine endurance tests were conducted on CI engines. Two new single cylinder four stroke CI engines were operated for 512 hours each for diesel and 100% biodiesel fuel. The endurance tests were conducted as per BIS 10000 part IX norms. Biodiesel from Jatropha oil was prepared in-house using transesterification process. The sample of lubricating oil was collected through a one way valve connected to the crankcase sump after every 128 hours intervals. Thermograviometric analysis (TGA) was used to evaluate the thermal stability of lubricating oil samples obtained from both the engines. The thermal decomposition of lubricating oil samples were measured as a function of various reaction parameters such as temperature, time and heating rates. This TGA test involves a weight change as the oil was heated. The weight loss data of the sample was logged using the in situ computer. Early decomposition of biodiesel fueled engine lubricating oil was observed as compared to diesel fueled engine lubricating oil. The changes in viscosity of lubricating oil were also monitored during the endurance test and discussed in detail. A higher level of crank case dilution was observed in case of biodiesel as compared to diesel.
Reports on the topic "Work and family Australia Case studies"
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Buchanan, Riley, Daniel Elias, Darren Holden, Daniel Baldino, Martin Drum, and Richard P. Hamilton. The archive hunter: The life and work of Leslie R. Marchant. The University of Notre Dame Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32613/reports/2021.2.
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Professor Leslie R. Marchant was a Western Australian historian of international renown. Richly educated as a child in political philosophy and critical reason, Marchant’s understandings of western political philosophies were deepened in World War Two when serving with an international crew of the merchant navy. After the war’s end, Marchant was appointed as a Protector of Aborigines in Western Australia’s Depart of Native Affairs. His passionate belief in Enlightenment ideals, including the equality of all people, was challenged by his experiences as a Protector. Leaving that role, he commenced his studies at The University of Western Australia where, in 1952, his Honours thesis made an early case that genocide had been committed in the administration of Aboriginal people in Western Australia. In the years that followed, Marchant became an early researcher of modern China and its relationship with the West, and won respect for his archival research of French maritime history in the Asia-Pacific. This work, including the publication of France Australe in 1982, was later recognised with the award of a French knighthood, the Chevalier d’Ordre National du Mèrite, and his election as a fellow to the Royal Geographical Society. In this festschrift, scholars from The University of Notre Dame Australia appraise Marchant’s work in such areas as Aboriginal history and policy, Westminster traditions, political philosophy, Australia and China and French maritime history.
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Marshall, Amber, Krystle Turner, Carol Richards, Marcus Foth, Michael Dezuanni, and Tim Neale. A case study of human factors of digital AgTech adoption: Condamine Plains, Darling Downs. Queensland University of Technology, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.227177.
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As global agricultural production methods and supply chains have become more digitised, farmers around the world are adopting digital AgTech such as drones, Internet of Things (IoT), remote sensors, blockchain, and satellite imagery to inform their on-farm decision-making. While early adopters and technology advocates globally are spruiking and realising the benefits of digital AgTech, many Australian farmers are reluctant or unable to participate fully in the digital economy. This is an important issue, as the Australian Government has said that digital farming is essential to meeting its target of agriculture being a $100billion industry by 2030. Most studies of AgTech adoption focus on individual-level barriers, yielding well-documented issues such as access to digital connectivity, availability of AgTech suppliers, non-use of ICTs, and cost-benefit for farmers. In contrast, our project took an ‘ecosystems’ approach to study cotton farmers in the Darling Downs region in Queensland, Australia who are installing water sensors, satellite imagery, and IoT plant probes to generate data to be aggregated on a dashboard to inform decision-making. We asked our farmers to map their local ecosystem, and then set up interviewing different stakeholders (such technology providers, agronomists, and suppliers) to understand how community-level orientations to digital agriculture enabled and constrained on-farm adoption. We identified human factors of digital AgTech adoption at the macro, regional and farm levels, with a pronounced ‘data divide’ between farm and community level stakeholders within the ecosystem. This ‘data divide’ is characterised by a capability gap between the provision of the devices and software that generate data by technology companies, and the ability of farmers to manage, implement, use, and maintain them effectively and independently. In the Condamine Plains project, farmers were willing and determined to learn new, advanced digital and data literacy skills. Other farmers in different circumstances may not see value in such an undertaking or have the necessary support to take full advantage of the technologies once they are implemented. Moreover, there did not seem to be a willingness or capacity in the rest of the ecosystem to fill this gap. The work raises questions about the type and level of new, digital expertise farmers need to attain in the transition to digital farming, and what interventions are necessary to address the significant barriers to adoption and effective use that remain in rural communities. By holistically considering how macro- and micro-level factors may be combined with community-level influences, this study provides a more complete and holistic account of the contextualised factors that drive or undermine digital AgTech adoption on farms in rural communities. This report provides insights and evidence to inform strategies for rural ecosystems to transition farms to meet the requirements and opportunities of Agriculture 4.0 in Australia and abroad.
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Ossoff, Will, Naz Modirzadeh, and Dustin Lewis. Preparing for a Twenty-Four-Month Sprint: A Primer for Prospective and New Elected Members of the United Nations Security Council. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/tzle1195.
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Under the United Nations Charter, the U.N. Security Council has several important functions and powers, not least with regard to taking binding actions to maintain international peace and security. The ten elected members have the opportunity to influence this area and others during their two-year terms on the Council. In this paper, we aim to illustrate some of these opportunities, identify potential guidance from prior elected members’ experiences, and outline the key procedures that incoming elected members should be aware of as they prepare to join the Council. In doing so, we seek in part to summarize the current state of scholarship and policy analysis in an effort to make this material more accessible to States and, particularly, to States’ legal advisers. We drafted this paper with a view towards States that have been elected and are preparing to join the Council, as well as for those States that are considering bidding for a seat on the Council. As a starting point, it may be warranted to dedicate resources for personnel at home in the capital and at the Mission in New York to become deeply familiar with the language, structure, and content of the relevant provisions of the U.N. Charter. That is because it is through those provisions that Council members engage in the diverse forms of political contestation and cooperation at the center of the Council’s work. In both the Charter itself and the Council’s practices and procedures, there are structural impediments that may hinder the influence of elected members on the Security Council. These include the permanent members’ veto power over decisions on matters not characterized as procedural and the short preparation time for newly elected members. Nevertheless, elected members have found creative ways to have an impact. Many of the Council’s “procedures” — such as the “penholder” system for drafting resolutions — are informal practices that can be navigated by resourceful and well-prepared elected members. Mechanisms through which elected members can exert influence include the following: Drafting resolutions; Drafting Presidential Statements, which might serve as a prelude to future resolutions; Drafting Notes by the President, which can be used, among other things, to change Council working methods; Chairing subsidiary bodies, such as sanctions committees; Chairing the Presidency; Introducing new substantive topics onto the Council’s agenda; and Undertaking “Arria-formula” meetings, which allow for broader participation from outside the Council. Case studies help illustrate the types and degrees of impact that elected members can have through their own initiative. Examples include the following undertakings: Canada’s emphasis in 1999–2000 on civilian protection, which led to numerous resolutions and the establishment of civilian protection as a topic on which the Council remains “seized” and continues to have regular debates; Belgium’s effort in 2007 to clarify the Council’s strategy around addressing natural resources and armed conflict, which resulted in a Presidential Statement; Australia’s efforts in 2014 resulting in the placing of the North Korean human rights situation on the Council’s agenda for the first time; and Brazil’s “Responsibility while Protecting” 2011 concept note, which helped shape debate around the Responsibility to Protect concept. Elected members have also influenced Council processes by working together in diverse coalitions. Examples include the following instances: Egypt, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, and Uruguay drafted a resolution that was adopted in 2016 on the protection of health-care workers in armed conflict; Cote d’Ivoire, Kuwait, the Netherlands, and Sweden drafted a resolution that was adopted in 2018 condemning the use of famine as an instrument of warfare; Malaysia, New Zealand, Senegal, and Venezuela tabled a 2016 resolution, which was ultimately adopted, condemning Israeli settlements in Palestinian territory; and A group of successive elected members helped reform the process around the imposition of sanctions against al-Qaeda and associated entities (later including the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant), including by establishing an Ombudsperson. Past elected members’ experiences may offer some specific pieces of guidance for new members preparing to take their seats on the Council. For example, prospective, new, and current members might seek to take the following measures: Increase the size of and support for the staff of the Mission to the U.N., both in New York and in home capitals; Deploy high-level officials to help gain support for initiatives; Partner with members of the P5 who are the informal “penholder” on certain topics, as this may offer more opportunities to draft resolutions; Build support for initiatives from U.N. Member States that do not currently sit on the Council; and Leave enough time to see initiatives through to completion and continue to follow up after leaving the Council.
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McEntee, Alice, Sonia Hines, Joshua Trigg, Kate Fairweather, Ashleigh Guillaumier, Jane Fischer, Billie Bonevski, James A. Smith, Carlene Wilson, and Jacqueline Bowden. Tobacco cessation in CALD communities. The Sax Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/sneg4189.
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Background Australia is a multi-cultural society with increasing rates of people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. On average, CALD groups have higher rates of tobacco use, lower participation in cancer screening programs, and poorer health outcomes than the general Australian population. Lower cancer screening and smoking cessation rates are due to differing cultural norms, health-related attitudes, and beliefs, and language barriers. Interventions can help address these potential barriers and increase tobacco cessation and cancer screening rates among CALD groups. Cancer Council NSW (CCNSW) aims to reduce the impact of cancer and improve cancer outcomes for priority populations including CALD communities. In line with this objective, CCNSW commissioned this rapid review of interventions implemented in Australia and comparable countries. Review questions This review aimed to address the following specific questions: Question 1 (Q1): What smoking cessation interventions have been proven effective in reducing or preventing smoking among culturally and linguistically diverse communities? Question 2 (Q2): What screening interventions have proven effective in increasing participation in population cancer screening programs among culturally and linguistically diverse populations? This review focused on Chinese-, Vietnamese- and Arabic-speaking people as they are the largest CALD groups in Australia and have high rates of tobacco use and poor screening adherence in NSW. Summary of methods An extensive search of peer-reviewed and grey literature published between January 2013-March 2022 identified 19 eligible studies for inclusion in the Q1 review and 49 studies for the Q2 review. The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Levels of Evidence and Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess the robustness and quality of the included studies, respectively. Key findings Findings are reported by components of an intervention overall and for each CALD group. By understanding the effectiveness of individual components, results will demonstrate key building blocks of an effective intervention. Question 1: What smoking cessation interventions have been proven effective in reducing or preventing smoking among culturally and linguistically diverse communities? Thirteen of the 19 studies were Level IV (L4) evidence, four were Level III (L3), one was Level II (L2), none were L1 (highest level of evidence) and one study’s evidence level was unable to be determined. The quality of included studies varied. Fifteen tobacco cessation intervention components were included, with most interventions involving at least three components (range 2-6). Written information (14 studies), and education sessions (10 studies) were the most common components included in an intervention. Eight of the 15 intervention components explored had promising evidence for use with Chinese-speaking participants (written information, education sessions, visual information, counselling, involving a family member or friend, nicotine replacement therapy, branded merchandise, and mobile messaging). Another two components (media campaign and telephone follow-up) had evidence aggregated across CALD groups (i.e., results for Chinese-speaking participants were combined with other CALD group(s)). No intervention component was deemed of sufficient evidence for use with Vietnamese-speaking participants and four intervention components had aggregated evidence (written information, education sessions, counselling, nicotine replacement therapy). Counselling was the only intervention component to have promising evidence for use with Arabic-speaking participants and one had mixed evidence (written information). Question 2: What screening interventions have proven effective in increasing participation in population cancer screening programs among culturally and linguistically diverse populations? Two of the 49 studies were Level I (L1) evidence, 13 L2, seven L3, 25 L4 and two studies’ level of evidence was unable to be determined. Eighteen intervention components were assessed with most interventions involving 3-4 components (range 1-6). Education sessions (32 studies), written information (23 studies) and patient navigation (10 studies) were the most common components. Seven of the 18 cancer screening intervention components had promising evidence to support their use with Vietnamese-speaking participants (education sessions, written information, patient navigation, visual information, peer/community health worker, counselling, and peer experience). The component, opportunity to be screened (e.g. mailed or handed a bowel screening test), had aggregated evidence regarding its use with Vietnamese-speaking participants. Seven intervention components (education session, written information, visual information, peer/community health worker, opportunity to be screened, counselling, and branded merchandise) also had promising evidence to support their use with Chinese-speaking participants whilst two components had mixed (patient navigation) or aggregated (media campaign) evidence. One intervention component for use with Arabic-speaking participants had promising evidence to support its use (opportunity to be screened) and eight intervention components had mixed or aggregated support (education sessions, written information, patient navigation, visual information, peer/community health worker, peer experience, media campaign, and anatomical models). Gaps in the evidence There were four noteworthy gaps in the evidence: 1. No systematic review was captured for Q1, and only two studies were randomised controlled trials. Much of the evidence is therefore based on lower level study designs, with risk of bias. 2. Many studies provided inadequate detail regarding their intervention design which impacts both the quality appraisal and how mixed finding results can be interpreted. 3. Several intervention components were found to have supportive evidence available only at the aggregate level. Further research is warranted to determine the interventions effectiveness with the individual CALD participant group only. 4. The evidence regarding the effectiveness of certain intervention components were either unknown (no studies) or insufficient (only one study) across CALD groups. This was the predominately the case for Arabic-speaking participants for both Q1 and Q2, and for Vietnamese-speaking participants for Q1. Further research is therefore warranted. Applicability Most of the intervention components included in this review are applicable for use in the Australian context, and NSW specifically. However, intervention components assessed as having insufficient, mixed, or no evidence require further research. Cancer screening and tobacco cessation interventions targeting Chinese-speaking participants were more common and therefore showed more evidence of effectiveness for the intervention components explored. There was support for cancer screening intervention components targeting Vietnamese-speaking participants but not for tobacco cessation interventions. There were few interventions implemented for Arabic-speaking participants that addressed tobacco cessation and screening adherence. Much of the evidence for Vietnamese and Arabic-speaking participants was further limited by studies co-recruiting multiple CALD groups and reporting aggregate results. Conclusion There is sound evidence for use of a range of intervention components to address tobacco cessation and cancer screening adherence among Chinese-speaking populations, and cancer screening adherence among Vietnamese-speaking populations. Evidence is lacking regarding the effectiveness of tobacco cessation interventions with Vietnamese- and Arabic-speaking participants, and cancer screening interventions for Arabic-speaking participants. More research is required to determine whether components considered effective for use in one CALD group are applicable to other CALD populations.