Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wool scouring / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Wool scouring.

Journal articles on the topic 'Wool scouring'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Wool scouring.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Czaplicki, Zdzisław, Edyta Matyjas-Zgondek, and Stanisław Strzelecki. "Scouring of Sheep Wool Using an Acoustic Ultrasound Wave." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 29, no. 6(150) (December 31, 2021): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2721.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper describes a method of scouring sheep wool using ultrasound.The inspiration to start work on the use of ultrasound in the process of scouring sheep wool was positive results that had already been achieved for alpaca wool. Due to the fact that sheep wool has many more impurites than alpaca wool, the scouring process is divided into two stages. The first involves the removal of faeces from the wool, which may be up to about 35% of the impurities of sheep wool, while the second stage involves the scouring cycle, wherein the remaining impurities are removed. The ultrasonic scouring process uses domestic merino wool heavily clad, particularly, by faeces. In this study, detergent solutions, alkali soap and sodium carbonate were used. The scouring of wool was carried out with a special apparatus equipped with an ultrasonic generator, at a frequency of 40 kHz. To determine the optimal conditions for scouring sheep wool that could affect the amount of impurities removed, the following parameters were examined: the effect of the scouring time, the concentration of detergents, and the scouring bath ratio. The study resulted in achieving optimal scouring parameters that ensured a satisfactory level of the removal of wool impurities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Westmoreland, D. J., A. C. Schlink, and J. C. Greeff. "Factors affecting wool scouring performance, yield and colour measurements of Western Australian fleece wools." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 7 (2006): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05352.

Full text

Abstract:

A benchtop scouring procedure was used to evaluate the ability of conventional detergent scouring systems to adequately clean fleece samples from a selection of Western Australian Merino wools. Sixteen fleeces were selected from the Western Australian Department of Agriculture resource flocks, covering a wide range in yield (49.2 to 77.5%), wax (7.3 to 26.9%), suint (4.9 to 11.6%), and dust (1.4 to 16.3%) contents. Using a simple detergent-based system, 50% of the fleeces were classified as effectively scoured, based on residual wax content. When scouring liquor was not refreshed between subsamples drawn from the same fleece, wool wax, staple length and dust content in the greasy fleece accounted for 93% of the variation in the rate of residual wax increase observed in sequential 10 g samples of wool. Residual ash content also increased but the greasy fleece parameters measured were not statistically significant predictors of residual ash changes. The rate of scoured wool colour change, when sequential samples of greasy wool from the same fleece were scoured without liquor change, could be predicted from greasy fleece yields. The scouring efficiency of the more difficult to scour wools was improved by the addition of sodium carbonate to the main scouring bowls.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

SHORTER, S. A. "Discussion on Wool Scouring." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 34, no. 8 (October 22, 2008): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1918.tb01023.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Turner, H. "Notes on Wool Scouring." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 50, no. 2 (October 22, 2008): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1934.tb01812.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Bateup, B. O., and J. J. Warner. "Selective Scouring of Dirt from Greasy Wool." Textile Research Journal 58, no. 12 (December 1988): 707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758805801204.

Full text

Abstract:

A strategy to increase dirt recovery from wool scouring liquors was tested in a series of five trials at commercial plants. By adding nonionic surfactant and alkaline builder to a cold or warm desuinting bowl (modified system) ahead of the usual hot scouring train, a large fraction of the dirt was scoured from the wool before the grease was removed. The first bowl liquors were rich in dirt and low in grease and had good dirt settling characteristics. Without the additions (control), the desuinting bowl removed large amounts of dirt only from coarser wools with relatively high water soluble and low grease contents. In a trial on merino fleece wool with low water solubles and high grease content, the scoured product from the modified system contained less residual ash and was whiter than the product from the control system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Romanovska, Tetiana, Мykola Oseiko, Svitlana Bazhay-Zhezherun, and Olena Yarmolitska. "Rational modes of wool scouring." Ukrainian Journal of Food Science 7, no. 2 (December 2019): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24263/2310-1008-2019-7-2-13.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Erra, P., N. Azemar, M. R. Juliá, and C. Solans. "MICROEHULSIONS IN RAW WOOL SCOURING." Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 13, no. 1 (February 1992): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932699208943291.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Li, Qing, Christopher J. Hurren, and Xungai Wang. "Ultrasonic assisted industrial wool scouring." Procedia Engineering 200 (2017): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.07.007.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Bateup, B. O. "Selective Scouring of Dirt from Greasy Wool." Textile Research Journal 58, no. 11 (November 1988): 667–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758805801108.

Full text

Abstract:

Laboratory experiments using samples of eleven Australian wools representing five different classes (merino fleece, lambs, merino pieces, crossbred pieces, and pieces and bellies) showed that the dirt could be selectively removed in a warm (35 °C) suint bowl containing nonionic surfactant and alkaline builder (modified suint scouring). Removal of grease was low, and in consequence the suint bowl liquor could be readily centrifuged to give good recovery of dirt as an easily disposable spadeable sludge. In a suint bowl without additives (control), the different wools displayed two distinct modes of behavior, which could be correlated with greasy wool characteristics. The fine fleece wools gave low dirt removal; the coarser wools gave much higher dirt removal and overall recovery. Only a small amount of recoverable grease was removed. This difference in the behavior of different wools may explain the varying ideas about the effectiveness of suint bowls in industry and provides an opportunity to improve the overall efficiency of the scouring operation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Wang, Lai Li, Xue Mei Ding, and Xiong Ying Wu. "The Water Footprint of Wool Scouring." Key Engineering Materials 671 (November 2015): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.671.65.

Full text

Abstract:

Raw wool contains high percentage by weight of natural contaminants. It is usually treated by a scouring process in the first stage of textile processing. Wool scouring process consumes large quantities of fresh water and produces concentrated effluent with very high oxygen demand, aggravating the water resource shortage and environmental impacts. Water footprint (WF) is a multidimensional indicator that shows water consumption volumes by source and polluted volumes by type of pollution. This study discusses the environmental impacts assessment of wool scouring process based on the WF theory. Through cases study, it was found that chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) was the most critical pollutant associated with the largest pollutant-specific original grey WF (WFori, grey), while NH3-N was the most critical pollutant associated with the largest pollutant-specific residuary grey WF (WFres, grey). The average WFori, greyof wool scouring process was 51878 m3/d, approximately 291 times of blue WF (WFblue). After treatment of the scouring effluent through floatation reflux-biological contact oxidizing technology, the WFori, greyreduced to 558 m3/d. Refluxing and regulating, oil removal were two important processes that contributed largely to effluent treatment as they reduced WFori, greyby 28537 m3/d and 23171 m3/d, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Takahashi, Kokichi, Kenji Ozaki, Yoshinobu Kusunoki, Ken Kazama, and Ikuo Muramoto. "New Solvent Scouring for Raw Wool." Sen'i Kikai Gakkaishi (Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan) 38, no. 7 (1985): P289—P297. http://dx.doi.org/10.4188/transjtmsj.38.7_p289.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Li, Q., C. J. Hurren, L. J. Wang, T. Lin, H. X. Yu, C. L. Ding, and X. G. Wang. "Frequency dependence of ultrasonic wool scouring." Journal of the Textile Institute 102, no. 6 (June 2011): 505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2010.495858.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Pearson, J. S., X. F. Lu, and K. L. Gandhi. "The Incineration of Wool Scouring Sludge." Journal of the Textile Institute 94, no. 1-2 (January 2003): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000308630599.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Lapsirikul, Wipa, Ralf Cord-Ruwisch, and Goen Ho. "Anaerobic bioflocculation of wool scouring effluent." Water Research 28, no. 8 (August 1994): 1743–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(94)90246-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Hassan, Mohammad Mahbubul, and Jian Zhong Shao. "Chemical Processing of Wool: Sustainability Considerations." Key Engineering Materials 671 (November 2015): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.671.32.

Full text

Abstract:

Raw wool fibers contain fat, suint, plant material and minerals. It is necessary to remove these from wool by scouring with a combination of detergents, wetting agents and emulsifiers before further processing. Dyeing and finishing of wool fibers is necessary for their application in apparel and also in interior, automotive, smart and technical textiles. Some of the detergents and auxiliaries used in scouring are eco-toxic and some of them are endocrine disruptors. In many countries, wool scouring and dyeing effluents cannot be discharged to watercourses without further treatment by removing color and toxic components. Wool fibers can be given chemical treatments to make them stain-resistant, flame retardant, shrink-resistant, photo-stable and resistant to insect attack. Some of the chemicals under current practice to achieve these functionalities in wool are not eco-friendly and their discharge to water course is limited to the consent limit set by environment agencies. Environmental impact assessment of raw wool production is well studied but to our knowledge no comprehensive study has been carried out around the environmental impact of chemical processing of wool. Like those of other fiber types, the wool textile industries are under intense consumer as well as stakeholder scrutiny. Accreditation schemes now exist to provide reassurance to modern consumers, who want to see that not only are the marketed products safe but also that they are processed sustainably under ethically and environmentally acceptable conditions. Several alternatives to improve the environmental credentials of various chemical processes used for wool will be discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Caunce, J. F., S. I. Barry, and G. N. Mercer. "A simple mathematical model of wool scouring." ANZIAM Journal 47 (June 22, 2006): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21914/anziamj.v47i0.1029.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

肖, 蒙. "Application of Industrial Lipase in Wool Scouring." Hans Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technology 05, no. 06 (2015): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/hjcet.2015.56019.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Leighs, Samuel J., Steven J. McNeil, and Steve L. Ranford. "The application of biosurfactants for scouring wool." Coloration Technology 135, no. 1 (August 16, 2018): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cote.12370.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Riva, M. C., J. Cegarra, and M. Crespi. "Effluent ecotoxicology in the wool-scouring process." Science of The Total Environment 134 (January 1993): 1143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(05)80118-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Chambers, E. V. "The Recovery of Grease from Wool Scouring." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 32, no. 3 (October 22, 2008): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1916.tb00911.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

HEPWORTH, J. A. "The Scouring of Wool with Synthetic Detergents." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 66, no. 2 (October 22, 2008): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1950.tb02627.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Smith, Edward, Q. Zhang, B. Farrand, V. Kokol, and Jin Song Shen. "The Development of a Bio-Scouring Process for Raw Wool Using Protease." Advanced Materials Research 441 (January 2012): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.10.

Full text

Abstract:

The use of protease in the raw wool scouring process was investigated. Both native protease and an enlarged protease prepared by chemical modification were used. It was demonstrated that enzymatic treatment with protease in the scouring process (bio-scouring) can achieve cleaning of the fibre and modification of the cuticle layer leading to shrink-resistance. A reduction of lipid content was found and led to an improvement in dyeability of the fibre.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Lapsirikul, Wipa, Ralf Cord-Ruwisch, and Goen Ho. "Treatment of wool scouring effluent by anaerobic bioflocculation." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 12 (December 1, 1994): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0637.

Full text

Abstract:

Biological destabilisation of the wool grease/water emulsion in wool scouring effluent using anaerobic bacterial activity (biological flocculation) was investigated. The aim of biological flocculation is to remove the bulk of wool grease which is the major source of COD, therefore serving as a pretreatment step, prior to classical biological processes either aerobic or anaerobic. In a semi-continuous system, a two-stage anaerobic bioflocculation process was employed to treat a high grease (> 15 g l−1) wool scouring effluent (WSE). After 110 days of operation, the process showed removal of 70 to 90% grease at a combined hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 4 to 10 days. With low grease (< 10 g l−1) WSE grease removal was lower. At an HRT of 3 days a single stage bioflocculation process removed 40% grease. The supernatant from the process was easily treated by activated sludge process reducing grease concentration from about 1.5 g l−1 to less than 0.1 g l−1 in the final effluent (HRT 3 days). Methane production of the process was negligible. Most of the grease was removed by flocculation as a result of anaerobic bacterial activity. The mechanisms of the process were investigated by a series of batch experiments and found to be; (1) appropriate gentle mixing between WSE and anaerobic sludge results in the absorption of wool grease from the liquid to the sludge phase, (2) further destablisation of the wool grease emulsion is obtained when the mixed liquor is left undisturbed. The latter was due to bacterial activity and growth on organics contained in WSE.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Vujasinović, Edita, Anita Tarbuk, Tanja Pušić, and Tihana Dekanić. "Bio-Innovative Pretreatment of Coarse Wool Fibers." Processes 11, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11010103.

Full text

Abstract:

From the textile manufacturers’ point of view, coarse and medullated fibers are undesirable in the production of fine woolen materials, but highly desirable in the production of textiles and yarns with special effects, especially in carpet production. For sustainability, the entire sheep fleece should be used, including the coarse and medullated fibers. The raw wool must be scoured to obtain clean wool fibers without damage or excessive fiber entanglement, with a certain moisture content, low dirt content and residual grease for further processing, and proper color. In order to remove the impurities in raw wool with maximum efficiency, save energy and minimize the environmental impact, this study investigated the changes in some fiber properties during the scouring process due to the effect of the enzyme complex on coarse wool fibers. The effects were studied through the amount of clean wool fibers and impurities within the fleece, the fiber diameter and color. Conventional and enzyme scoured coarse wool were bleached with an unconventional bleaching agent, percarbonate, and compared to bleaching with hydrogen peroxide to achieve higher whiteness and brilliant color with minimal fiber property changes. The changes after the bleaching process were determined based on the sorption of moisture and dyes and the color parameters. The bio-innovative pretreatment with enzyme complex scouring and percarbonate bleaching resulted in excellent fiber properties even for coarse wool. SEM analysis was performed to confirm these results. Taking into account the sustainability of the process and environmental protection, enzyme complex scouring and percarbonate bleaching are recommended as pretreatment processes for raw coarse wool.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Charles, Wipa, Goen Ho, and Ralf Cord-Ruwisch. "Anaerobic bioflocculation of wool scouring effluent: the influence of non-ionic surfactant on efficiency." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 11 (December 1, 1996): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0256.

Full text

Abstract:

Wool scouring effluent (WSE) contains high concentrations of wool grease emulsified by non-ionic surfactants (nonylphenol polyethoxylates – NPEO). The short-term treatment (1-7 days) of this effluent with anaerobic bacteria resulted in partial grease flocculation. However the efficiency of this process varied largely (30% to 80%) with the source of wool scouring effluent used. The concentration of free surfactant, rather than total surfactant, was found to be the likely reason for the variation in efficiency. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of anaerobic biological flocculation a detailed surfactant analysis was performed. This revealed that anaerobic microbes (taken from sludge of a municipal wastewater treatment plant) had an ability to partially degrade NPEO by shortening the hydrophilic ethoxylate chain causing coagulation and subsequent flocculation of wool grease from the liquor.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

McLaughlin, John R., and Margaret M. Leonard. "Formation of Iron Sulfides during Wool Scouring and Their Effect on the Color of Scoured Wool." Textile Research Journal 62, no. 9 (September 1992): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759206200904.

Full text

Abstract:

We propose that iron sulfides can be formed in the first bowl of a commercial wool scour. Under the low redox conditions recorded, ferric iron, a ubiquitous component of minerals on the fleece, is dissolved reductively to the ferrous form, which reacts with sulfide present either as residual depilatory on slipe wool or from degraded wool protein. The black iron sulfide may deposit on the scoured wool, making it dull and gray. The observation that some scoured wools become brighter and more yellow with time is consistent with the expected behavior of deposited iron sulfides, which slowly oxidize in air.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Rositza, Betcheva, Yordanov Dancho, and Yotova Lubov. "Enzyme Assisted Ultrasound Scouring of Raw Wool Fibres." Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 02, no. 01 (2011): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jbnb.2011.21009.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Zubenko, A. A. "Electric-discharge intensification of the wool scouring process." Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry 44, no. 3 (June 2008): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068375508030137.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Czaplicki, Zdzislaw, and Kazimierz Ruszkowski. "Optimization of Scouring Alpaca Wool by Ultrasonic Technique." Journal of Natural Fibers 11, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2013.864577.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Braniša, Jana, Klaudia Jomová, and Mária Porubská. "Scouring Test of Sheep Wool Intended for Sorption." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 27, no. 2(134) (April 30, 2019): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.9983.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Li, Qing, Cailing Ding, Hengxing Yu, Christopher J. Hurren, and Xungai Wang. "Adapting ultrasonic assisted wool scouring for industrial application." Textile Research Journal 84, no. 11 (January 27, 2014): 1183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517512474365.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Jones, G. "Self-detergence of raw wool. I. ‘Suint scouring’." Journal of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 21, no. 2 (April 25, 2007): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5020210203.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Lapsirikul, Wipa, Goen Ho, and Ralf Cord-Ruwisch. "Mechanisms in anaerobic bioflocculation of wool scouring effluent." Water Research 28, no. 8 (August 1994): 1749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(94)90247-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Ang, H. M., and F. Himawan. "Treatment of wool scouring wastewater for grease removal." Journal of Hazardous Materials 37, no. 1 (April 1994): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(94)85040-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Elling, L., I. Souren, and H. Zahn. "Characterization of Proteinaceous Contaminants Extracted from Merino Raw Wool." Textile Research Journal 58, no. 1 (January 1988): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758805800101.

Full text

Abstract:

This study introduces an isolation method that involves the separation of insoluble and soluble contaminants on raw wool. The contents of inorganic and organic components as well as their removal during different extraction steps are discussed, and an attempt is made to determine the most likely origin of the protein components. These investigations are of practical interest concerning optimal raw wool scouring conditions, especially with regard to the color of scoured wool and waste water treatment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Oellermann, R. A., T. Ronen, and V. Meyer. "Biodegradation of Wool Scouring Effluent on a Laboratory Scale." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 9-11 (November 1, 1992): 2101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0671.

Full text

Abstract:

A continuously fed, sequential anaerobic-aerobic-aerobic reactor system was used to treat wool scouring effluent. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the anaerobic reactor was reduced from 30500 mg/ℓ to 3000-5000 mg/ℓ. In the first aerobic reactor this was further reduced to 1200-1800 mg COD/l. The final discharge from the second aerobic reactor had a COD of 500-1000 mg/ℓ at a hydraulic retention time of 2-3 d. Nitrification was erratic but sufficient to reduce the ammonia-N to levels of 20 mg/ℓ and less. Mixed liquor suspended solids and volatile suspended solids could be maintained at sufficiently high levels in completely mixed systems and efficient biomass retention in the aerobic rotating biological contactor resulted in an overall removal of 98.4% COD.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Awchat, Ganesh. "Upgradation of Wool Scouring Plant for Efficient Wastewater Treatment." Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12912/27197050/142937.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Warner, J. J. "Dirt Recovery from Wool-Scouring Effluent by Decanter Centrifuge." Textile Research Journal 55, no. 2 (February 1985): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758505500211.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Monteverdi, Amelia, Bruno Rindone, Vincenza Andreoni, Alberto Rozzi, and Claudia Sorlini. "Analysis, anaerobic treatment and ozonation of wool scouring wastewater." Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering and Toxicology 27, no. 4 (May 1992): 1157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934529209375788.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Gelaye, G., B. Sandip, and T. Mestawet. "A review on some factors affecting wool quality parameters of sheep." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 21, no. 105 (December 24, 2021): 18980–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.105.19330.

Full text

Abstract:

Wool is a natural fibre with a unique amalgamation of properties that are exploited in garment industry. The wool industry, in particular the production of fine wool, has a notable role in world trade and the price of the wool is dependent on quality. Accordingly, wool characteristics have direct impact on wool prices set by processors and industry. These properties can particularly benefit the wearer of the garment during exercise. There are different factors affecting wool quality parameters both with direct and indirect involvement. The environmental and genetics are the main factors affecting quality and quantity of wool from sheep. Infections related to skin and parasitic infestations have direct influence on the quality of wool. Breed or genotype is one of the main genetic factors that influences the product and productivity as well as quality of wool from sheep that is fleece from different sheep breeds is different in its both physical and chemical characteristics. Hormonal changes in relation to sex of sheep also have effect on the wool quality traits. The main objective of this review was to define and explore key wool characteristics, such as staple length, number of crimp, fibre type, fibre diameter, wool wax and scouring yield in regards to quality and interventions approaches for improving. In most of studies, non-genetic factors such as age, season, shearing period, shearing frequency and nutrition have a significant effect on traits viz. staple length, wool wax, scouring yield, fibre diameter and for other traits as well. Conducting a research on wool quality characteristics is an operative way of defining and differentiating the quality of wool. Acquiring knowledge of the wool quality characteristics can help to manage the end use products, consumers comfort and processing intensity. Therefore, an understanding of the factors affecting physical and chemical properties of wool traits is important to improve the quality of wool through genetics and management interventions. This article reviews some important quality attributes of wool for the product and productivity development and value addition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Sun, C., and M. Baird. "The Determination of Alkyl Phenol Ethoxylates in Wool-scouring Effluent." Journal of The Textile Institute 89, no. 4 (January 1998): 677–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.1998.11090906.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Zheng, Laijiu, Bing Du, and Lili Wang. "Bio-scouring process optimization of wool fiber and wastewater utilization." Journal of the Textile Institute 103, no. 2 (February 2012): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2011.559023.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Poole, Andrew J., and Ralf Cord-Ruwisch. "Treatment of strongflow wool scouring effluent by biological emulsion destabilisation." Water Research 38, no. 6 (March 2004): 1419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2003.11.034.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Saravanan, D., C. A. Anusuya, Bharathi B. Divya, and M. Usha. "Environmentally benign scouring of wool fibers using mesophile acidic lipase." Fibers and Polymers 15, no. 9 (September 2014): 1902–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-014-1902-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Laijiu, Zheng, Du Bing, and HeZeshou. "Treatment of Wool Scouring Wastewater by Immobilized Chitosan Bio-Membrane." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 8, no. 1 (March 2013): 155892501300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501300800101.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Leaver, Ian H., David M. Lewis, and David J. Westmoreland. "Analysis of Wool Lipids Using Thin-Layer Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection." Textile Research Journal 58, no. 10 (October 1988): 593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758805801006.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper examines the usefulness of thin-layer chromatography (TLC), coupled with an automated quantitative detection system based on flame ionization detection (FID), for the qualitative and quantitative determination of lipids in wool. The latroscan TLC-FID system has been used to determine the composition of the solvent soluble material (internal lipids) isolated from wool after Soxhlet extraction with a chloroform/methanol azeotrope, and to investigate whether scouring treatments affect the composition of the internal lipids. Changes in the composition of wool grease that occur as a result of exposure to sunlight (behind glass) and during weathering in the fleece are also examined.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Negri, Andrew P., Hugh J. Cornell, and Donald E. Rivett. "Effects of Processing on the Bound and Free Fatty Acid Levels in Wool." Textile Research Journal 62, no. 7 (July 1992): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759206200703.

Full text

Abstract:

Bound and free fatty acids in degreased wool fibers were affected to varying degrees by processing treatments. Scouring and dyeing both removed significant amounts of bound and free fatty acids from wool. Free fatty acids were reduced by dissolution into the treatment liquor, whereas bound fatty acids were hydrolyzed under the hot aqueous conditions. Chlorination at pH levels below 3 released over 50% of the bound fatty acids. Chlorine treatments cleave only thioesters but not oxygen esters or amides under these conditions, indicating that a significant proportion of the bound fatty acid is linked to wool by a thio ester bond.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Peláez, H., S. Gutiérrez, G. Castro, A. Hernández, and M. Viñas. "An integrated anaerobic - physico-chemical treatment concept for wool scouring wastewater." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0173.

Full text

Abstract:

The strong flow wastewater from a wool scouring industry is treated by a combination of anaerobic digestion and physico-chemical postreatment. Based on previous laboratory results (Gutiérrez et al., 1999), three anaerobic baffled reactors (ABR) of 300 m3 each were built, processing 60% of the strong flow of a wool scouring mill for about two years. COD and grease removal in the anaerobic reactors were 47-50% and 50-55% respectively, with an organic load between 8.9 and 6.7 kg COD/m3 d. The effluent of the anaerobic reactors was assayed with additives in an industrial decanter centrifuge. As results of these assays, all the effluent of the three reactors was sent to the decanter centrifuge after dosing additives. Overall COD and grease removal of the integrated system were 87% and 93% respectively. Dosage of coagulation-flocculation additives was optimized in a continuous flocculation device. The proposed treatment is cheaper and easier to control than others alternatives with COD removal higher than 93%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Cohen, A. "Effects of Some Industrial Chemicals on Anaerobic Activity Measured by Sequential Automated Methanometry (SAM)." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 7 (April 1, 1992): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0134.

Full text

Abstract:

An experimental study was conducted into the effects of exposure of anaerobic bacteria to some commercial industrial chemicals. Anaerobic activity was tested using Sequential Automated Methanometry (SAM). SAM measures small pressure increases caused by gas production in vials containing anaerobic bacteria. Tested were bleaching agents including hydrogen peroxide and sodium metabisulphite, mothproofing and insect repelling agents containing synthetic pyrethroids, a bacteriostatic agent and non-ionic detergents commonly used in the wool scouring industry. Actively digesting bacterial material was obtained from an experimental anaerobic system treating concentrated effluents from wool scouring industry. None of the tested chemicals, with the exception of the bleaching agents, displayed any serious adverse effects on anaerobic activity. One of the tested detergents and one of the tested bacteriostatic agents mildly stimulated gas productivity, while strong increases in gas productivity were observed with one of the pyrethroid-containing chemicals. Sodium metabisulphite inhibited gas production but inhibition was reversible. Hydrogen peroxide was highly toxic and completely inhibited methane production even at the lowest added concentrations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Pan, Yi, Wuchao Wang, Kang Gong, Christopher J. Hurren, and Qing Li. "Ultrasonic scouring as a pretreatment of wool and its application in low-temperature dyeing." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 10 (June 22, 2018): 1975–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518783348.

Full text

Abstract:

Ultrasonic technology has shown the potential to reduce the cost and environmental impact of textile wet processing. This work investigates the effects of ultrasonic irradiation as a pretreatment on wool and its application in low-temperature dyeing. A significant increase in dye uptake and color strength was observed on the fabric ultrasonically pretreated at 40 kHz, followed by that at 80 kHz and the conventionally treated sample, in both acid dyeing and reactive dyeing. This could be due to the changes of the fiber surface structure and modification of the chemical structure in the cell membrane complex as a result of ultrasonic pretreatment. In acid dyeing, a 20% increase in dye uptake was achieved at 70℃ upon applying ultrasonic pretreatment at 40 kHz. With the assistance of a leveling agent, 80% dye uptake of the fabric treated with ultrasonics at 40 kHz was measured at 70℃ in reactive dyeing. Ultrasonic pretreatment can be applied in raw wool scouring and fabric scouring to achieve an efficient dye uptake, and these are also discussed in this paper.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!