Academic literature on the topic 'Woody; Perennial; Herbaceous'
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Journal articles on the topic "Woody; Perennial; Herbaceous"
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Sun, Hongyan, Kelly Kopp, and Roger Kjelgren. "Water-efficient Urban Landscapes: Integrating Different Water Use Categorizations and Plant Types." HortScience 47, no. 2 (February 2012): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.2.254.
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Little research has examined water requirements of entire irrigated urban landscapes integrating different types of plants. Three landscape treatments integrating different types of plants—woody, herbaceous perennial, turf—and putative water use classifications—mesic, mixed, xeric—were grown in large drainage lysimeters. Each landscape plot was divided into woody plant, turf, and perennial hydrozones and irrigated for optimum water status over 2 years and water use measured using a water balance approach. For woody plants and herbaceous perennials, canopy cover rather than plant type or water use classification was the key determinant of water use relative to reference evapotranspiration (ETo) under well-watered conditions. For turf, monthly evapotranspiration (ETa) followed a trend linearly related to ETo. Monthly plant factors (Kp) for woody plants, perennials, and turf species under well-watered conditions in this study ranged from 0.3 to 0.9, 0.2 to 0.5, and 0.5 to 1.2, respectively. Adjusted Kp for each hydrozone was calculated based on landscaped area covered by plant types as a percent of total area, and landscape factor (Kl) was calculated based on adjusted Kp for each landscape treatment. Overall, Kl relative to ETo ranged from 0.6 to 0.8 for three water use classifications.
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Hiebert-Giesbrecht, Mickel Randolph, Candelaria Yuseth Novelo-Rodríguez, Gabriel Rolando Dzib, Luz María Calvo-Irabién, Georg von Arx, and Luis Manuel Peña-Rodríguez. "Herb-chronology as a tool for determining the age of perennial forbs in tropical climates." Botany 96, no. 1 (January 2018): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2017-0167.
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Age in wild plant populations is one of the most elusive developmental parameters in plant biology. Several approaches take advantage of a plant’s morphological traits to determine developmental stages or plant age. Annual growth rings forming in woody tissues of perennial plants are one of the traits that have been widely used to determine the age of trees (dendrochronology) and, more recently, herbaceous perennials (herb-chronology). In temperate, alpine, and arctic climates, it has been reported that seasonal variations in climate lead to the formation of annual growth rings in herbaceous perennial forbs; however, to date, no similar studies have been carried out on plants from tropical regions. We have investigated the applicability of herb-chronology on the tropical plant Pentalinon andrieuxii (Müll. Arg.) B.F. Hansen & Wunderlin, a native vine of the Yucatan peninsula. Our results show that herb-chronology is a potentially useful tool in determining the age of plants growing in tropical climates.
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Calvo, L., R. Tarrega, and E. Luis. "Regeneration in Quercus Pyrenaica Ecosystems After Surface Fires." International Journal of Wildland Fire 1, no. 4 (1991): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9910205.
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Early post-fire structural dynamics in three Quercus pyrenaica communities after intense fires was studied. In the first year there is a marked domination of perennial species (herbaceous or woody); afterwards, herbaceous species tend to decrease in importance and ligneous species increase. Changes in species diversity were analysed as an indicator of recovery and stability in the communities. An increase was observed in the second year, and then diversity was maintained or reduced slightly in the third and fourth years. Spatial heterogeneity tends to diminish with time.
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Carlquist, S., E. L. Schneider, and R. B. Miller. "Wood and Bark Anatomy of Argemone (Papaveraceae)." IAWA Journal 15, no. 3 (1994): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000603.
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Wood anatomy of Argemone fruticosa, sole shrubby species of the genus, is distinctive in having growth rings, thick-walled libriform fibres, thick-walled ray cells with large intercellular spaces, vessels with grooves interconnecting pit apertures, and restriction of vessels to central portions of fascicular areas. Most of these features are related to the xeric ecology of this species. Argemone turnerae is an herbaceous perennial with large roots and sterns, the wood of which exhibits features distinctively related to this habit, including succulence (axial parenchyma substitutes for libriform fibres). Both species of Argemone share such features as storied wood structure and absence of uniseriate rays, which are infrequent in dicotyledons at large but common in other Papaveraceae. Wood data are not decisive in indicating whether the ancestors of Argemone or Papaveraceae were woody or herbaceous, but several features indicative of paedomorphosis can be found in the wood. Bark of Argemone is briefly described.
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Johnson, Gregg A., Donald L. Wyse, and Craig C. Sheaffer. "Yield of perennial herbaceous and woody biomass crops over time across three locations." Biomass and Bioenergy 58 (November 2013): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.10.013.
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Knuth, Melinda, Bridget K. Behe, Charles R. Hall, Patricia Huddleston, and R. Thomas Fernandez. "Consumer Perceptions of Landscape Plant Production Water Sources and Uses in the Landscape during Perceived and Real Drought." HortTechnology 28, no. 1 (February 2018): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03893-17.
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Water is becoming scarcer as world population increases and will be allocated among competing uses. Some of that water will go toward sustaining human life, but some will be needed to install and support landscape plants. Thus, future water resource availability may literally change the American landscape. Recent research suggests that consumers’ attitudes and behavior toward potable water supplies have changed in other countries because of greater social awareness and increasingly widespread exposure to drought conditions. We conducted an online survey of 1543 U.S. consumers to assess their perceptions about landscape plants, the water source used to produce them, and plant water needs to become established in the landscape. Using two separate conjoint designs, we assessed their perceptions of both herbaceous and woody perennials. Consumers placed greater relative importance on water source in production over water use in the landscape for both herbaceous and woody perennials included in this study. They preferred (had a higher utility score for) fresh water over recycled water and least preferred a blend of fresh with recycled water for perennials and recycled water used for woody perennial production. In addition, the group that did not perceive a drought but experienced one placed a higher value (higher utility score) on nursery plants grown with fresh water compared with those which were actually not in drought and did not perceive one. Educational and promotional efforts may improve the perception of recycled water to increase the utility of that resource. Promoting the benefits of low water use plants in the landscape may also facilitate plant sales in times of adequate and low water periods.
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Wesche, K., M. Pietsch, K. Ronnenberg, R. Undrakh, and I. Hensen. "Germination of fresh and frost-treated seeds from dry Central Asian steppes." Seed Science Research 16, no. 2 (June 2006): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ssr2006239.
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We tested the germination of fresh and frost-treated seeds of 26 species of southern Mongolian mountain and desert steppes, covering the major growth forms of woody and herbaceous perennials and short-lived species in the region. In the field, germination depends on rains that are largely restricted to the summer months between June and August. Thus, germination tests were performed at alternating conditions of 10°C in darkness and 20°C in light (12 h/12 h), which correspond to temperatures at the study site in early and late summer. Seeds of both woody and herbaceous perennials germinated well under the chosen conditions and apparently did not require stratification or scarification. In contrast, germination of annual species was mostly below 30%, while seed viability was equally high in all three growth forms. Winter conditions, simulated by freezing dried seeds at −18°C, hardly changed seed germination in the perennial species, but several short-lived species responded with increased germination. Short-lived species are not abundant in the real vegetation, which is governed by perennials. Thus, we conclude that the important species in Mongolian mountain steppes germinate readily without a dormancy-breaking treatment. A review of the available literature revealed that a complete lack of dormancy, or presence of only conditional dormancy, is also widely described for other species of Central Asian deserts and steppes, which is in contrast to data from North American prairies.
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Davies, Kirk W., Chad S. Boyd, Jon D. Bates, and April Hulet. "Dormant season grazing may decrease wildfire probability by increasing fuel moisture and reducing fuel amount and continuity." International Journal of Wildland Fire 24, no. 6 (2015): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf14209.
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Mega-fires and unprecedented expenditures on fire suppression over the past decade have resulted in a renewed focus on presuppression management. Dormant season grazing may be a treatment to reduce fuels in rangeland, but its effects have not been evaluated. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of dormant season grazing (winter grazing in this ecosystem) by cattle on fuel characteristics in sagebrush (Artemisia L.) communities at five sites in south-eastern Oregon. Winter grazing reduced herbaceous fuel cover, continuity, height and biomass without increasing exotic annual grass biomass or reducing bunchgrass basal area or production. Fuel moisture in winter-grazed areas was high enough that burning was unlikely until late August; in contrast, fuels in ungrazed areas were dry enough to burn in late June. Fuel biomass on perennial bunchgrasses was decreased by 60% with winter grazing, which may reduce the potential for fire-induced mortality. The cumulative effect of winter grazing from altering multiple fuel characteristics may reduce the likelihood of fire and the potential severity in sagebrush communities with an understorey dominated by herbaceous perennials. Dormant season grazing has the potential to reduce wildfire suppression expenditures in many rangelands where herbaceous fuels are an issue; however, increasing woody vegetation and extreme fire weather may limit its influence.
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Chmielewski, J. G., and J. C. Semple. "The biology of Canadian weeds. 125. Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom (Aster ericoides L.) and S. novae-angliae (L.) Nesom (A. novae-angliae L.)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 83, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 1017–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p01-179.
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Symphyotrichum ericoides, the heath aster, is a herbaceous perennial, arising from woody, corm-like rootstocks or herbaceous rhizomes. This facultative upland species occurs in open, dry ground in plains, railway sidings, prairies, ranges, glades, grassy hillsides, dunes, sand bars, river banks, shore salt flats, and thickets. A weed in Canada, and sometimes declared so in the United States and other times not, S. ericoides has an extensive North American distribution, occurring from Nova Scotia and Maine in the east, westward to southern British Columbia, and southward to northern Mexico. No infraspecific taxa are recognized in this treatment of the species. Symphyotrichum novae-angliae, the New England aster, is a herbaceous perennial, arising from thick, short-branched, woody rootstocks. This facultative wetland species occurs in open places such as along roadside ditches and fence rows, on dry ground in plains, prairies and glades, in clearings, meadows and abandoned fields, and along stream banks and swamps, or in moist open or sometimes wooded places. A weed in both Canada and the United States, S. novae-angliae occurs commonly throughout the northern two-thirds of the eastern deciduous forest region of North America and onto the Great Plains. In the east, Nova Scotia populations are likely escaped cultivars, but in the west, isolated natural populations occur from the Black Hills region of South Dakota south to New Mexico. No infraspecific taxa are reco gnized in this treatment of the species. In those habitats where the two species co-occur, the morphologically intermediate F1hybrid S. amethystinum is often found. Key words: Symphyotrichum ericoides, Aster ericoides, Aster multiflorus, heath aster, Symphyotrichum novae-angliae, Aster novae-angliae, New England aster
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Niemiera, Alex X., and Carol E. Leda. "225 SURVEY OF PLANT MATERIALS INSTRUCTORS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 461f—461. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.461f.
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A survey to determine teaching methodologies for plant material courses was conducted. A total of 120 surveys was sent to horticulture programs at U.S. universities and colleges. Thirty-nine, 22, and 8 respondents taught a woody plant (W), a herbaceous perennial (HP)/annual (A) course, and a foliage plant course, respectively; 21 respondents taught a combination of theses courses. The following similarities were noted for W and HP/A: 1) about 190 species per Semester were presented usually in a taxonomic order using slides as the primary teaching medium for lecture, 2) the most common student complaint was too much work and memorization, 3) the most common student compliment was the practical and useful nature of the subject matter, 4) in order of importance, plant identification, landscape value, and plant cultural aspects were emphasized. For W and HP/A, 93% and 65% of plants, respectively, were presented as landscape and arboreta specimens. Seventy percent of W courses used Dirr's Manual of Woody Landscape Plants; 58% and 10% of HP/A courses used Still's Manual of Herbaceous Ornamental Plants and Taylor's Guides, respectively.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Woody; Perennial; Herbaceous"
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Collins, Angela Joyce. "Maturation-related genes from eucalyptus." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365297.
Full textBooks on the topic "Woody; Perennial; Herbaceous"
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Abou-Chaar, Charles I. The woody plants of the campus grounds of the American University of Beirut: Including two supplements on some herbaceous perennials and a few annuals. Beirut, Lebanon: American University of Beirut, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Woody; Perennial; Herbaceous"
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Maun, M. Anwar. "Burial by sand." In The Biology of Coastal Sand Dunes. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570356.003.0011.
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In coastal dune systems, plant communities are fundamentally the product of interaction between disturbance of the substrate, impact of high wind velocities, salt spray episodes, sand accretion levels and other factors of the environmental complex. Burial by sand is probably the most important physical stress that alters species diversity by eliminating disturbance-prone species (Maun 1998). There is a close correlation between sand movement and species composition, coverage and density (Moreno-Casasola 1986; Perumal 1994; Martínez et al. 2001). Sand accretion kills intolerant species, reduces the relative abundance of less tolerant species and increases the abundance of tolerant species. It filters out species as the level of burial starts to exceed their levels of tolerance. For example, lichens and mosses are the first to be eliminated, then the annuals and biennials and finally the herbaceous and woody perennials. Again within each life form and genus there are significant differences in survivability. Burial imposes a strong stress on production by altering normal growth conditions and exposing plants to extreme physiological limits of tolerance. Do plant communities occurring in different locations within a dune system correspond to the amount of sand deposition? Several studies (Birse et al. 1957; Moreno- Casasola 1986; Perumal 1994) show that the species composition and their distribution are strongly related to the long-term average sand deposition. The evolution of a plant community in coastal foredunes requires frequent and persistent predictable burial events specific to a particular coast. In a large majority of sea coasts burial occurrences are of relatively low magnitude and species occupying the coasts are well adapted to withstand the stress imposed by burial. This recurring event within the generation times of plant species allows them to acquire genes of resistance over time and evolution of adaptations to live in this habitat. A prerequisite to survive in this habitat happens to be the ability to withstand partial inundation by sand. To survive the dynamic substrate movement a plant species must be a perennial, be able to withstand burial, endure xerophytic environment, spread radially and vertically, and adapt to exposure on deflation and coverage on burial (Cowles 1899).
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Benaradj, Abdelkrim, Hafidha Boucherit, Abdelkader Bouderbala, and Okkacha Hasnaoui. "Biophysical Effects of Evapotranspiration on Steppe Areas: A Case Study in Naâma Region (Algeria)." In Climate Issues in Asia and Africa - Examining Climate, Its Flux, the Consequences, and Society's Responses [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97614.
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The Algerian steppe is of great interest in terms of vegetation, mainly in the Naâma region. This steppe vegetation is generally composed of annual and perennial grasses and other herbaceous plants, as well as, bushes and small trees. It is characterized by an arid Mediterranean climate where the average annual precipitation (100 to 250 mm) is insufficient to ensure the maintenance of the vegetation, in which the potential evaporation always exceeds the precipitations. This aridity has strong hydrological effect and edaphic implications from which it is inseparable. Water losses are great than gains due to the evaporation and transpiration from plants (evapotranspiration). The wind moves soils for one location to another, and causes a strong evapotranspiration of the plants, which is explained by a strong chronic water deficit of climatic origin of these compared to the potential evapotranspiration, opposed to a humid climate. Evapotranspiration is certainly closely linked to climate factors (solar radiation, temperature, wind, etc.), but it also depends on the natural environment of the studied region. Potential evapotranspiration (PET) data estimated from Thornthwaite’s method for the three stations (Mécheria, Naâma and Ainsefra). The average annual value of potential evapotranspiration is of the order of 807 mm in Mécheria, of 795 mm in Naâma de and in Ainsefra of 847 mm. It is more than 3 times greater than the value of the rainfall received. This propels it globally in the aridity of the region and from which the water balance of plants is in deficit. The potential evapotranspiration of vegetation in arid areas is very important due to high temperature and sunshine. During the cold season, precipitation covers the needs of the potential evapotranspiration and allows the formation of the useful reserve from which the emergence of vegetation. From the month of April there is an exhaustion of the useful reserve which results of progressive deficit of vegetation. Faced with this phenomenon of evatranspiration, the steppe vegetation of the region then invests in “survival” by reducing the phenomena of evapotranspiration, photosynthetic leaf surfaces, in times of drought. These ecophysiological relationships can largely explain the adaptation of steppe species (low woody and herbaceous plants) to the arid Mediterranean climate. Mechanisms and diverse modalities were allowing them to effectively resist for this phenomenon. The adaptation of the steppe vegetation by the presence of a root system with vertical or horizontal growth or both and seems to depend on the environmental conditions, and by the reduction of the surface of transpiration, and by the fall or the rolling up of the leaves, and by a seasonal reduction of transpiration surface of the plant to reduce water losses during the dry season (more than 6 months) of the year.. Some xerophytes produce “rain roots” below the soil surface, following light precipitation or during dew formation. Other persistent sclerophyllous species by which decreases transpiration by the hardness of the leaves often coated with a thick layer of wax or cutin.
Reports on the topic "Woody; Perennial; Herbaceous"
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Rajarajan, Kunasekaran, Alka Bharati, Hirdayesh Anuragi, Arun Kumar Handa, Kishor Gaikwad, Nagendra Kumar Singh, Kamal Prasad Mohapatra, et al. Status of perennial tree germplasm resources in India and their utilization in the context of global genome sequencing efforts. World Agroforestry, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp20050.pdf.
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Tree species are characterized by their perennial growth habit, woody morphology, long juvenile period phase, mostly outcrossing behaviour, highly heterozygosity genetic makeup, and relatively high genetic diversity. The economically important trees have been an integral part of the human life system due to their provision of timber, fruit, fodder, and medicinal and/or health benefits. Despite its widespread application in agriculture, industrial and medicinal values, the molecular aspects of key economic traits of many tree species remain largely unexplored. Over the past two decades, research on forest tree genomics has generally lagged behind that of other agronomic crops. Genomic research on trees is motivated by the need to support genetic improvement programmes mostly for food trees and timber, and develop diagnostic tools to assist in recommendation for optimum conservation, restoration and management of natural populations. Research on long-lived woody perennials is extending our molecular knowledge and understanding of complex life histories and adaptations to the environment, enriching a field that has traditionally drawn its biological inference from a few short-lived herbaceous species. These concerns have fostered research aimed at deciphering the genomic basis of complex traits that are related to the adaptive value of trees. This review summarizes the highlights of tree genomics and offers some priorities for accelerating progress in the next decade.