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Academic literature on the topic 'Woodland'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Woodland"

1

SANTOS, MARIA J., and JAMES H. THORNE. "Comparing culture and ecology: conservation planning of oak woodlands in Mediterranean landscapes of Portugal and California." Environmental Conservation 37, no. 2 (April 12, 2010): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000238.

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SUMMARYMediterranean ecosystems are biodiversity hotspots, however translating conservation need into implementation has been hindered by their function as working landscapes that integrate both human and natural components. This paper compares oak woodland working landscapes in California and Portugal: can conservation policy be reshaped to conserve Mediterranean oak woodland ecosystems with differing sociopolitical cultural contexts? Each oak woodland's cultural-historical legacy and socioecological system (SES) is described, and how each system can cross-inform improvements to conservation policies is assessed. The SES analysis shows that oak woodlands are managed to maximize revenue from one or more of four resources: forestry, rangeland, agriculture and natural areas. Sustainability of extractable resources may be threatened by replacement rate, land-use history and interdependence with other resources. Non-extractable resources (natural areas) are more volatile and sustainable management is dependent on the voluntary nature of collective-choice rules. Conservation planning and implementation require attention to the characteristic heterogeneity of oak woodlands and to the processes that generate biodiversity, such as fire and regeneration. Conservation plans should aim for the preservation of oak woodland functions (for example multiple use systems) and cultural characteristics (such as keeping people on the land), and governmental and public recognition of the value of preserving these woodlands.

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Antos, Mark J., and Andrew F. Bennett. "How important are different types of temperate woodlands for ground-foraging birds?" Wildlife Research 32, no. 6 (2005): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04118.

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There is widespread concern about population decline in a number of woodland-dependent birds in southern Australia. Of all declining species, approximately half forage on the ground. This study examined the avifaunal assemblages of temperate woodlands of the Northern Plains, Victoria, to investigate the importance of woodland habitats for ground-foraging species. Four main types of woodland were surveyed (white cypress-pine, black box, grey box and river red gum) and, in total, 89 bird species were detected. All four woodland types differed in habitat structure and, in turn, supported significantly different avifaunal assemblages. Forty of the 89 species (45%) foraged, at least in part, on the ground. Species richness and abundance of ground-foragers differed significantly between woodland types, being highest in white cypress-pine and black box. There was a greater richness of ground-foragers during the breeding than non-breeding season, but abundance did not vary seasonally. Overall, ground-foraging birds comprised a greater proportion of species (>55%) and individuals (>60%) in white cypress-pine and black box woodland than in grey box and river red gum (42–48% of species, <50% individuals). Those ground-foragers regarded as declining also occurred in greatest richness in white cypress-pine woodlands, one of the most depleted habitats in the region. The lowest richness of ‘declining’ ground-foraging species was in river red gum woodland, the most widespread woodland type. Throughout Australia, the proportion of ground-foraging species in bird assemblages tends to be greater in temperate, semi-arid or arid woodlands than in moist forests and rainforests. However, in many regions woodland habitats are severely depleted and their open ground layer is particularly vulnerable to degradation. The extent of suitable habitat for ground-foraging birds in temperate woodlands may be much less than is apparent from current measures of tree cover. Sustainable management of drier (non-riverine) temperate woodlands is required to conserve this important element of the Australian avifauna.

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Gaytán, Á., A. Ricarte, and G. González-Bornay. "Hoverfly diversity (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Pyrenean oak woodlands in Central-Western Spain: a preliminary study with conservation outcomes." Journal of Insect Conservation 24, no. 1 (December 21, 2019): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10841-019-00208-z.

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AbstractHoverflies are frequently used as biodiversity indicators and are targets of ecological studies across Europe. How hoverfly diversity responds to ecological variables is essential for species and habitat conservation. The present study is a first attempt to assess the hoverfly diversity of deciduous woodlands of Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica) in La Vera (Central-Western Spain), a habitat in need of conservation and a region that is poorly known in terms of hoverflies. Hoverflies were sampled with hand net in a mature-woodland site, a young-woodland site, and two close-by grassland sites. A higher number of species and individuals was recorded in woodland sites than in grassland sites, with only two species exclusive to the grasslands and thus, suggesting that woodland sites might be acting as a hoverfly reservoir and source. The proportion of species with phytophagous and saprophagous larvae in woodland sites was higher than outside the woodlands, probably due to a higher availability of resources in woodland sites for phytophagous and saprophagous species. The mature woodland was found to have a higher number of species and individuals than the young woodland, possibly due to the presence of grassy clearings and rotting materials in the trees of the mature woodland. The highest number of species was found in the predatory guild (Syrphinae), and smaller-bodied species within this guild were found to be more frequent in grassland than in woodland sites; possible explanations for this result are discussed. Further investigation is required to confirm and expand the results and conclusions found in this initial study on the hoverfly community of the poorly studied Q. pyrenaica woodlands of Central-Western Spain.

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Roberts, J., and P. Rosier. "The impact of broadleaved woodland on water resources in lowland UK: III. The results from Black Wood and Bridgets Farm compared with those from other woodland and grassland sites." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 6 (December 31, 2005): 614–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-9-614-2005.

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Abstract. In the United Kingdom the planting of broadleaved woodland has led to concerns about the impact on water resources. Comparative studies, typically using soil water measurements, have been established to compare water use of broadleaved woodland and grassland. The diversity of outcomes from these studies makes it difficult to make any consistent prediction of the hydrological impact of afforestation. Most studies have shown greater drying of soils under broadleaved woodland than under grass. However, two studies in a beech wood growing on shallow soils above chalk at Black Wood, Micheldever, Hampshire showed little overall difference between broadleaved woodland and grass, either in soil water abstraction or in evaporation. Two factors are thought to contribute to the different results from Black Wood. It is known that evaporation can be considerably enhanced at the edges of woodlands or in small areas of woodlands. The studies at Black Wood were made well within a large area of fairly uniform woodland. Other studies in which a difference occurred in soil drying between broadleaved woodland and grass used measurements made in small areas of woodlands or at woodland edges. Another important difference between comparison of woodland at Black Wood and grassland growing nearby, also on shallow soils above Chalk, compared to other broadleaved woodland/grass comparisons, growing on other geologies, is the influence of the Chalk. Although vegetation such as grass (and woodland) does not populate the chalk profusely with roots, water can be removed from the Chalk by the roots which proliferate at the soil/chalk interface and which can generate upward water movement within the Chalk. Published work showed that only in a very dry summer did the evaporation from grass growing on shallow soils above chalk fall below potential. In broadleaved woodland/grass comparisons on non-chalky soils it is possible that moisture deficits in the soil below the grass may reach critical levels and reduce evaporation below that of the woodland with which it is being compared.

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McGinness, Heather M., Anthony D. Arthur, and Julian R. W. Reid. "Woodland bird declines in the Murray–Darling Basin: are there links with floodplain change?" Rangeland Journal 32, no. 3 (2010): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj10016.

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Woodland bird population declines in Australia have been attributed to various factors including habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation. However, the influence of altered water availability in the landscape upon woodland bird populations has not been examined, particularly in terms of changes in flood regimes and subsequent loss of floodplain productivity. In this review, we examine the importance to woodland birds of floodplains, floods, and associated vegetation communities, highlighting potential links between declining water availability, habitat degradation, and bird populations. Floodplain woodlands and forests may be important refuges for woodland bird populations because (1) floodplain woodlands and forests comprise some of the largest and most continuous vegetation remnants in south-east Australia; and (2) floods intermittently supply water, sediment and nutrients that drive greater primary and secondary productivity than found in woodlands not subject to flooding. However, floodplains in south-east Australia have been subject to substantial flow regime change, driven predominantly by dams and irrigation water use. Consequently, habitat quality for woodland birds has been degraded, potentially exacerbating population declines. We suggest that despite such change, floodplain communities and their requisite floods remain of great importance for the persistence, productivity and diversity of woodland birds in Australian drylands. We hypothesise that (1) the influence of flooding upon primary and secondary productivity in floodplain and riparian zones is a key driver of resident bird populations, and a key determinant of nomadic/migratory bird use of a site; (2) alterations in flooding and consequent changes in productivity and condition of floodplain vegetation have contributed to observed declines in resident woodland birds in Australian drylands; and (3) the influence of flooding upon productivity extends beyond local populations of floodplain residents to non-floodplain populations via dispersal, and that floodplain woodlands often act as a source population for surrounding non-floodplain woodlands. We make several testable predictions regarding these hypotheses.

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Godlee, John L., Francisco Maiato Gonçalves, José João Tchamba, Antonio Valter Chisingui, Jonathan Ilunga Muledi, Mylor Ngoy Shutcha, Casey M. Ryan, Thom K. Brade, and Kyle G. Dexter. "Diversity and Structure of an Arid Woodland in Southwest Angola, with Comparison to the Wider Miombo Ecoregion." Diversity 12, no. 4 (April 3, 2020): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12040140.

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Seasonally dry woodlands are the dominant land cover across southern Africa. They are biodiverse, structurally complex, and important for ecosystem service provision. Species composition and structure vary across the region producing a diverse array of woodland types. The woodlands of the Huíla plateau in southwest Angola represent the extreme southwestern extent of the miombo ecoregion and are markedly drier than other woodlands within this ecoregion. They remain understudied, however, compared to woodlands further east in the miombo ecoregion. We aimed to elucidate further the tree diversity found within southwestern Angolan woodlands by conducting a plot-based study in Bicuar National Park, comparing tree species composition and woodland structure with similar plots in Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. We found Bicuar National Park had comparatively low tree species diversity, but contained 27 tree species not found in other plots. Plots in Bicuar had low basal area, excepting plots dominated by Baikiaea plurijuga. In a comparison of plots in intact vegetation with areas previously disturbed by shifting-cultivation agriculture, we found species diversity was marginally higher in disturbed plots. Bicuar National Park remains an important woodland refuge in Angola, with an uncommon mosaic of woodland types within a small area. While we highlight wide variation in species composition and woodland structure across the miombo ecoregion, plot-based studies with more dense sampling across the ecoregion are clearly needed to more broadly understand regional variation in vegetation diversity, composition and structure.

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Karki, Lila B., Uma Karki, and Anand Tiwari. "Woodland Grazing: Untapped Resource to Increase Economic Benefits from Forestland." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab096.011.

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Abstract The southeastern United States offers a tremendous opportunity for expanding woodland grazing technology for small ruminants in its almost 60 percent woodland. Like in many other states, Alabama alone has 23 million acres of woodland. Conversely, livestock owners face a daunting challenge to forage their animals for about seven lean months each year. Raising animals on concentrates, of course, is economically unfeasible for small-scale producers. Woodland grazing is an untapped practice that boosts economic, social, and environmental benefits to woodland owners. The objectives of this study were to diversify household cash flow for woodland owners and simultaneously promote forage-based livestock production systems. The study was conducted at Tuskegee University from 2017 to 2020 in 6 acres of woodland (southern pines and non-pine species). Meat goats (8 Wethers) and hair sheep (5 Rams) were grazed rotationally for 6 months (May–Oct.) until they consumed 50% of the available foliage. They were not fed any supplement feed while grazing in woodlands. The feeding cost was estimated using four scenarios: sack/pellet, hay, sack/pellet and hay, and woodland grazing holding health, management, minerals and water costs constant. Feeding cost was 58–204% lower, and labor cost was 50–100% less in woodland grazing compared to conventional feeding systems. Extrapolated data reveal that woodland owners may generate about $9,947.00 more cash flow annually from 50 acres with woodland grazing than without grazing. Moreover, the system approach strengthens knowledge, attitude, awareness, skill, and motivation of the family members and community as a percolation effect. Besides, the environmental benefits (controlling unwanted and invading species and aesthetic pleasure) increase the economic value. Results reveal that woodland grazing can open an enormous economic opportunity to all forestland owners by upholding annual cash flow while trees are growing and making the total returns from woodlands much higher than the monocropping-timber.

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Fors, Hanna, Märit Jansson, and Anders Nielsen. "The Impact of Resident Participation on Urban Woodland Quality—A Case Study of Sletten, Denmark." Forests 9, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9110670.

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Despite the potential of urban woodlands for recreational use and participatory management, citizens’ perception of urban woodland quality, as well as the impact of citizens’ co-management on urban woodland quality, have not been thoroughly studied to date. The present study investigated how residents in Holstebro, Denmark define urban woodland quality in their neighborhood named Sletten and how they perceive the quality impact of their participation in the management and maintenance of a transition from private gardens to public urban woodland—the so-called co-management zone. Field survey of participation for all housing units with a co-management zone (n = 201) informed strategic selection of residents for individual interviews (n = 16). It was found that social, experiential, functional, and ecological dimensions are all part of residents’ perception of urban woodland quality, whereby maintenance, accessibility, and nature are dominating aspects of these dimensions. While these aspects are already integrated in quality assessment schemes for other types of urban green space, our study revealed the importance of structural and species diversity between and within woodland stands as central for the perceived woodland quality—a quality aspect that distinguishes woodland from other types of urban green space. Participation in the management and maintenance positively influenced the perceived woodland quality. Residents found that their participation in the co-management zone created functional and ecological, physical qualities in the woodland. Moreover, the active participation provided the residents with a range of social and experiential benefits, many of which they themselves argue that they would have missed out on if they were only allowed to use the woodland “passively”. These findings suggest a large—but also largely untapped—potential of participatory urban woodland management to contribute physical qualities to urban woodlands and benefits to its users.

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Masters, Bernie. "Temperate woodland conservation and management." Pacific Conservation Biology 18, no. 4 (2012): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc120324.

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AS excellent as this book is, its title is something of a misnomer. Because the book contains 40 short chapters summarising the key findings and recommendations of many of Australia’s leading woodland researchers and managers, the words ‘Principles of . . . ’ should precede the existing title. While the book provides readers with a very good understanding of the major issues to be addressed in conserving and managing woodland habitat, as well as in producing effective and much-needed government policy, further reading is required from each chapter’s extensive list of references to obtain the detail of how to conserve and manage woodlands. Temperate Woodland Conservation and Management The biodiversity value of woodlands in southern Australia is significant, particularly for bird and bat conservation. Because woodlands soils were suitable for agriculture, between 80 and 90% have been cleared (Thackway, Chapter 31). The remainder is subject to many serious threats including grazing, weeds, fertilizer drift, fragmentation effects and altered fire regimes. This book is a timely summary of relevant research, much of which has been carried out in the last 10 to 15 years.

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Wood, C. M., S. M. Smart, and R. G. H. Bunce. "Woodland survey of Great Britain 1971–2001." Earth System Science Data Discussions 8, no. 1 (February 25, 2015): 259–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essdd-8-259-2015.

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Abstract. The Woodland Survey of Great Britain is a unique dataset, consisting of a detailed range of ecological measurements at a national scale, covering a time span of 30 years. A set of 103 woods spread across Britain were first surveyed in 1971, which were again surveyed in 2000–2003 (for convenience referred to subsequently as the "2001 survey"). Standardised methods of describing the trees, shrubs, ground flora, soils and general habitats present were used for both sets of surveys. The sample of 1648 plots spread through 103 woodland sites located across Britain makes it probably the most extensive quantitative ecological woodland survey undertaken in Britain; it is also notable for the range of sites that have been re-visited after such a long interval. The dataset provides a unique opportunity to explore the effects of a range of potential drivers of woodland change that operated between 1971 and 2001. The dataset is available in four discrete parts, which have been assigned the following DOIs: doi:10.5285/4d93f9ac-68e3-49cf-8a41-4d02a7ead81a (Woodlands survey tree diameter data 1971–2001), doi:10.5285/d6409d40-58fe-4fa7-b7c8-71a105b965b4 (Woodlands survey site information 1971–2001), doi:10.5285/fb1e474d-456b-42a9-9a10-a02c35af10d2 (Woodlands survey soil data 1971–2001), doi:10.5285/2d023ce9-6dbe-4b4f-a0cd-34768e1455ae (Woodlands survey flora data 1971–2001).

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Woodland"

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Francis, Joanna Lynne. "The introduction of woodland field layer species into secondary woodlands." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8460.

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Xavier, Patricia Anne. "Floodplain woodland hydrodynamics." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54961/.

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Floodplain woodlands are valuable environments, providing a diverse habitat for many riparian and land-based species. It is now recognised that the continual loss of floodplain woodland has impoverished the national biodiversity of riparian environments, and measures have been brought in both nationally and through the European Commission to halt the decline. This has however, highlighted a deficiency that has existed for many years in the field of river hydraulics. The representation of complex riparian vegetation environments within river models remains an area not adequately addressed. This research presents experimental investigations into floodplain woodland vegetation, with a view to improving the representation of these vegetations within numerical models. Floodplain woodland hydrodynamics were explored with scaled-down (1:8) stag gered arrays of single stem and multi-stem model trees at planting densities of 8.8, 19.8 and 80.6 plants per m 2. The planting densities investigated correspond to the recommended planting densities cited by the Forestry Commission UK. Roughness factors, including Manning's n, the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor / and the bulk drag coefficient Ca were computed for the different model tree and planting density combinations. Velocity measurements within the arrays were investigated, and a study to determine the optimum sampling strategy was carried out to obtain representative velocity and turbulent kinetic energy measurements within the model tree arrays. The optimum sampling locations for streamwise velocity appeared to be clustered around 0.3 s and 0.7 s, where s is the lateral or longitudinal spacing between the model trees, while for turbulent kinetic energy the optimum location was 0.5 s. Full scale drag force versus velocity tests of floodplain woodland trees were carried out and a drag area parameter CdA.Uo derived. The trees experienced little to no bending at low velocities, with force varying linearly with the square of velocity, while considerable deflection was observed at higher velocities, with force varying linearly with the velocity. Physical parameters including height, diameter, mass and volume of the wood are compared against the drag area parameter, with mass and volume showing a stronger correlation than height or diameter. The increase in the drag area parameter due to the presence of foliage was also investigated. The numerical incorporation of floodplain woodland vegetation is presented with respect to two-dimensional depth-averaged numerical modelling. A reach of the River Laver in North Yorkshire, England was modelled to assess the hydraulic impact of the conversion of arable land to floodplain woodland.

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Atkinson, Beth. "The restoration of native woodland from plantations on ancient woodland sites." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.649364.

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Restoring plantations on ancient woodland sites (PAWS) IS an important part of British forestry and conservation policy. Guidelines recommend the gradual removal of planted trees over clearfelling. However, this advice has not been thoroughly tested. My first study tests the assumptions that clearfelling is detrimental to woodland and shade tolerant plant species, and favours competitive species. I surveyed the ground flora of native woodlands, PAWS, clearfelled PAWS and PAWS plots where the planted trees are being gradually removed via regular thinning. Although clearfelled plots had a greater competitive-signature and more light demanding species in the ground flora, there were no differences in shade tolerant or woodland species richness between plot types. My second study investigated the leaf-miner communities. It is often assumed during restoration that as plant species richness increases the species richness of invertebrate herbivores will also increase. Whilst this was the case on PAWS plots undergoing gradual removal of planted trees it was not true on clearfelled plots. The two restoration methods therefore have different effects on the leaf-miner community. Finally I sampled Diptera and Coleoptera carrion and dung decomposers. The overall abundance of these decomposers did not differ between plot types. However, clearfelled plots had a smaller biomass of beetles and a lower abundance of the dominant, and functionally unique beetle, Anoplotrupes stercorosus. There may therefore be consequences of clearfelling for the function of decomposition. I conclude that it is essential to test restoration advice and to monitor a range of taxa, not just plants, throughout restoration. It is vital to do this when undertaking ecological restoration in order that informed management decisions can be made.

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Coney, Edward James Alan. "Conserving woodland biodiversity : an evaluation of the Woodland Grant Scheme in Kent." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8431.

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Price, M. A. "Sound propagation in woodland." Thesis, Open University, 1986. http://oro.open.ac.uk/56924/.

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A review of past research into sound propagation in woodland is presented. The attenuation of sound in woodland is small between about 800 and 2000Hz and greater at low and high frequencies. Attenuation measurements made in three contrasting woodlands are presented and compared with theoretical models. Propagation models using simple one- and two-parameter impedance models are used to calculate appropriate ground parameters for the prediction of impedance of the woodland soils. The ground parameters varied on different days in a single stand due to differences in moisture content and compaction. The overall differences between the stands are not significant. The woodland soil has a considerably lower impedance than other outdoor ground surfaces such as grassland or sand. A theoretical model for the attenuation of sound by thermoviscous absorption and scattering within an array of cylinders is assessed by means of a model experiment with wooden rods in an anechoic chamber. An input density 60% lower than the actual density gives a good agreement with measured attenuation. This modified model also predicts the attenuation by the cylinders in the presence of a ground surface. The scattering model is compared with the high frequency attenuation measured in the , woodland, using sampled trunk densities and radius, this underpredicts the observed attenuation, particularly in the stands with a dense branch and foliage structure. Addition of a second. dense, array of non rigid scatterers gives a good agreement with the measured data, thus modelling the scattering and absorbing effects of trunks, branches and leaves, in the high frequencies. Finally, a combined model is presented in which the attenuation caused by ground interference effects. at low frequencies. is added to a prediction of attenuation by the scattering model. across the whole frequency range. This model reproduces the frequency dependence of the attenuation of sound in woodland.

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Gledhill, Thomas Duncan. "A woodland history of North Yorkshire : a multi-disciplinary study of post-glacial woodland history." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1995. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3459/.

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The post-glacial history of woodland in North Yorkshire has been studied using a wide variety of sources including existing environmental studies, archaeological data, documentary information, and place-names. A critical approach has been adopted involving comparative studies of the different sources. The environmental and archaeological data available for the prehistoric period are thought to indicate that until the end of the Atlantic climatic period the vegetation of North Yorkshire was primarily environmentally determined, though mesolithic woodland burning may have created-open spaces and encouraged the growth of hazel in the uplands. During the Neolithic and Bronze Age a gradual spread of dense-agrarian settlement and intensive clearance across areas with calcareous soils, and into some drift covered lowlands, is thought to have occurred. This was probably accompanied by pastoral exploitation of the more acidic uplands causing a structural change in some upland woodland reflected by the decline of Tilia. The Iron Age and early Roman period appear to have been a time of widespread clearance, affecting even areas such as the clay lowlands of the Vale of York. Woodland appears to have become restricted to slope and bog refugia at this time. Evidence for a post-Roman woodland recovery is patchy. Secondary woodland appears to have formed principally on steep slopes such as the moorland scarp and gill sides, and around lowland bogs. At the beginning of the medieval period there appears to have been a marked contrast between the largely woodless areas of the Vale of Mowbray and the Wolds, and the remaining areas which were relatively well wooded. With the exception of the eastern fringe of the Pennines, woodpasture appears to have been the dominant form of exploitation in most of the more wooded areas in the early Middle Ages. The expansion of coppice management appears to have been slow, accounting for only a small proportion of documentary references to woodland until the 14th century. After this coppicing appears to have become widespread while many common woodpastures were enclosed or lost their trees. By the mid-nineteenth century common woodpastures were rare, occurring mainly in the Pennine uplands, and plantation accounted for a significant proportion of woodland, particularly in areas with landscape parks. The evidence for distribution and management of woodland over a long time period has facilitated the construction of interpretive models for the influence of environment, economics, and social structure on woodland history. Whilst the interaction between the environment and economic considerations offers a good model for the broad trends in clearance, and woodland distribution, the chronology of the adoption of coppice management requires a more subtle explanation. The expansion of coppice is thought to have been delayed until after the Black Death as a result of a concerted defence of common by the tenantry, which may to a large extent have consisted of freeholders.

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Smith, Karen Y. O'Brien Michael J. "Middle and late woodland period cultural transmission, residential mobility, and aggregation in the deep South." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6839.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 24, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Michael J. O'Brien. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Fraser, Sally Elizabeth Mary. "The ecology of woodland parasitoid assemblages." Thesis, University of York, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428501.

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Fellingham, Kevin (Kevin John) 1966. "To continue (approaching the Woodland Cemetery)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9531.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1998.
Portfolio drawings in pocket on p. [3] of cover.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-114).
This thesis examines the Woodland Cemetery in Stockholm, Sweden, designed and executed between 1914 and 1940 by the architects Erik Gunnar Asplund and Sigurd Lewerentz. The study consists of three parts. The first examines the significance of interment, of the return of the body to the realm of nature upon death. The second speculates upon the operation of time in relation to the idea of memory, focussing on the necessity of forgetting in the process of mourning, and in the process of architectural invention. It brings to the fore the impossibility of forgetting that which is most deeply known, and thus suggests a paradoxical relationship between that which is known and that which is new. This paradox informs those things that must be constructed in the mind and in the world in order to continue beyond a point of traumatic change. The final part is a reconstruction through drawing of eight stages in the evolution of the project. It focuses primarily on the large scale planning of the site, but is related to more detailed elements of the design in order to show the continuity of themes throughout the project, bot in its temporal and physical aspects. Although it comes at the end of the text, it is conceptually prior to the other two sections, which were developed upon the basis of the close reading of the existing drawings, and the interplay between continuity and change in the project. The conclusion seeks to bring some of these ideas together in a form that is not closed, which requires continuation.
Kevin Fellingham.
S.M.

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Brouard, Marc. "The dynamics of wild woodland rodents." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c66f4d79-c803-41ad-bbd6-be99bf86ea53.

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This thesis investigates the variation of life history traits within species, how they underpin population dynamics in woodland rodent populations and how they are effected by interactions between species. We ask how do life history traits differ between populations of the same species in similar habitats? We then go on to ask how two different species living in sympatry differ and the possible effects of interactions. We used data collected against three populations of Columbian ground squirrels (Urocitellus columbianus) in Canada and two species of woodland rodents from a site in the UK. Integral Projection Models or IPMs were used to compare the three populations of Columbain ground squirrels and identify differences between them. By using a form of perturbation analysis on the IPMs it was possible to identify the driving demographic and trait transition functions for the differences between the three populations. We then looked at interactions between wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) and the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) in the UK, and the possible effect on trapping bias. As data was limited for the two UK species, we could not construct a full IPM, but instead looked at the differences in growth rates of both species to determine what was the most important factors. Comparing the population level estimates from the IPMs for the Columbian ground squirrels, revealed significant differences between the populations. In particular the populations differed in growth rate (λ), generation length and R₀. Perturbation analysis of the three IPMs revealed the adult survival function to be the major contributor to the differences between the three population. The inheritance function also had a large impact on the offspring estimates. For the two UK rodent species we found a large impact on the trapping bias due to interactions between the two species. With a significant increase in the chance of the same species being caught within a trap as previously caught. When analysing growth rates, we found that environmental factors only impacted growth for some groups, and we suggest that this may be due to the mitigation by the woodland of impacts of the environmental conditions. We did find that the density of a third species, the yellow necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis), did have a large negative impact on growth rates on the other two species. In summary species population dynamics can very considerably between populations, even when the populations exist in potentially similar habitats. It is also possible for species living in sympatry to also have an impact on each other's population dynamics. Extreme care should then be taken when making comparisons between species based solely on single population data.

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Books on the topic "Woodland"

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Britain), Woodland Trust (Great, ed. The Woodland Trust book of British woodlands. Newton Abbot, Devon: David & Charles, 1986.

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Messely, Frank. Woodland. Antwerpen: Houtekiet, 2001.

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Datel, Robin. Woodland. Charleston, S.C: Arcadia Pub., 2012.

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Gordon, Beningfield. Beningfield's woodlands. Devizes, Wiltshire: Selectabook Ltd, 2003.

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Beningfield's woodlands. London: Viking, 1993.

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WATKINS, C. Britain's ancient woodland - woodland management and conservation. London: NCC/David and Charles, 1990.

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Woodland inspirations. Guildford: Custombooks.biz, 2009.

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Greenaway, Theresa. Woodland trees. Austin, Tex: Steck-Vaughn Library, 1991.

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1959-, Tyrrell Frances, ed. Woodland nutcracker. Toronto: Key Porter Kids, 2006.

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Woodland heritage. Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Woodland"

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Gilbert, O. L. "Woodland." In The Ecology of Urban Habitats, 291–310. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0821-5_16.

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Gilbert, O. L. "Woodland." In The Ecology of Urban Habitats, 291–310. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3068-4_16.

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Buttimer, Anne. "Woodland Polyphony." In Society and the Environment: A Swedish Research Perspective, 177–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2799-8_10.

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Gregg, Michael, John R. Bozell, and Susan C. Vehik. "Plains Woodland." In Encyclopedia of Prehistory, 432–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0523-5_44.

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Goodenough, Alice, and Sue Waite. "Woodland Wellbeing." In Wellbeing from Woodland, 9–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32629-6_2.

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Loxley, Peter. "Woodland habitats." In Practical Ideas for Teaching Primary Science, 59–82. New York: Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315620084-4.

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Hunter, Andrea A. "Early Eastern Woodland." In Encyclopedia of Prehistory, 81–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0523-5_11.

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Christiansen, George. "Late Eastern Woodland." In Encyclopedia of Prehistory, 248–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0523-5_27.

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Johnson, Jay K. "Middle Eastern Woodland." In Encyclopedia of Prehistory, 322–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0523-5_36.

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Snow, Dean. "Northeast Late Woodland." In Encyclopedia of Prehistory, 339–57. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0523-5_38.

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Conference papers on the topic "Woodland"

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Morales, Yoichi, Takashi Tsubouchi, and Shinichi Yuta. "Vehicle 3D localization in mountainous woodland environments." In 2009 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2009.5354818.

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Huang, Jiarong, Guangqin Gao, and Fang Guo. "Woodland quality evaluation with artificial neural network." In 2011 Seventh International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnc.2011.6022160.

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Thibault, Mattia. "ROOT, Woodland Ideologies in a Fantasy Game." In FDG22: 17th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3555858.3555950.

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Wray-Keene, Jennifer, Scott Keillor, and Sam Roberts. "Small Ports in Transition Port of Woodland, WA." In 16th Triennial International Conference. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784484401.068.

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Felli, Lorenzo, and Romeo Giuliano. "Access Control in woodland through Blockchain and LoRaWAN." In 2021 AEIT International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive (AEIT AUTOMOTIVE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/aeitautomotive52815.2021.9662909.

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Paradzayi, Charles, Harold Annegarn, Barend Erasmus, and Christiane Schmullius. "Polarimetric analysis over African savanna woodland using ALOS/PALSAR." In 2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417957.

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Coupal, Brian, and Paula Bentham. "If You Build It, Will They Come? Caribou Habitat Restoration for Pipeline Projects." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33577.

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The federal Recovery Strategy for the Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), Boreal Population in Canada, identifies coordinated actions to reclaim woodland caribou habitat as a key step to meeting current and future caribou population objectives. Actions include restoring industrial landscape features such as roads, seismic lines, pipelines, cut-lines, and cleared areas in an effort to reduce landscape fragmentation and the changes in caribou population dynamics associated with changing predator-prey dynamics in highly fragmented landscapes. Reliance on habitat restoration as a recovery action within the federal Recovery Strategy is high, identifying 65% undisturbed habitat in a caribou range as the threshold to providing a 60% chance that a local population will be self-sustaining. In alignment with the federal Recovery Strategy, Alberta’s Provincial Woodland Caribou Policy identifies habitat restoration as a critical component of long-term caribou habitat management. Habitat restoration initiatives of Alberta’s historical industrial footprint within caribou ranges began in 2001 and have largely focused on linear corridors, including pipelines. Initiatives include revegetation treatments, access control programs and studies, and restricting the growth of plant species that are favourable to moose and deer, the primary prey for wolves. Habitat restoration for pipelines also includes pre-construction planning to reduce disturbance and create line-of-sight breaks, and construction techniques that promote natural vegetation recovery. Lessons learned from habitat restoration programs implemented on pipeline projects in northeastern Alberta will be shared as an opportunity to improve common understanding of restoration techniques, the barriers to implementation, and potential outcomes.

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Vaccari, Simone, Casey Ryan, Yaqing Gou, Philippa Lincoln, and Paddy Abbot. "A tool for monitoring woody biomass (change) in woodland ecosystems." In 2014 15th International Radar Symposium (IRS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irs.2014.6869273.

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Shiwen, Li, Laura Steel, Cecilia A. Dahlsjö, Stuart N. Peirson, Alexander Shenkin, Takuma Morimoto, Hannah E. Smithson, and Manuel Spitschan. "Hyperspectral characterisation of natural illumination in woodland and forest environments." In Novel Optical Systems, Methods, and Applications XXIV, edited by Cornelius F. Hahlweg and Joseph R. Mulley. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2595301.

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Morales, Yoichi, Eijiro Takeuchi, and Takashi Tsubouchi. "Vehicle localization in outdoor woodland environments with sensor fault detection." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robot.2008.4543248.

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Reports on the topic "Woodland"

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Short, Mary, and Sherry Leis. Vegetation monitoring in the Manley Woods unit at Wilson’s Creek National Battleﬁeld: 1998–2020. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293615.

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Natural resource management at Wilson’s Creek National Battleﬁeld (NB) is guided by our understanding of the woodlands and prairies at the time of the Civil War battle in 1861. This report is focused on the Manley Woods unit of the park. This unit is an oak-hickory woodland in the Springﬁeld Plain subsection of the Ozarks. Canopy closure for Missouri oak woodlands can be highly variable and ranges from 30–100% across the spectrum of savanna, open woodland, and closed woodland types. In 1861, the woodland was likely a savanna community. Changes in land use (e.g., ﬁre exclusion) caused an increase in tree density in woodlands at Wilson’s Creek NB and across the Ozarks. Savannas and open woodlands transitioned to closed canopy woodlands over time. Park management plans include restoring the area to a savanna/open woodland structure. Prescribed ﬁre was reintroduced to Wilson’s Creek NB in 1988 and continues as the primary mechanism for reducing the tree canopy. The Manley Woods unit of Wilson’s Creek NB has been subject to intense natural and anthropogenic disturbance events such as a tornado in 2003, timber removal in 2005, prescribed ﬁres in 2006, 2009, and 2019, an ice storm in 2007, and periodic drought. The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (hereafter, Heartland Network) installed four permanent monitoring sites within the Manley Woods area of the park in 1997. Initially, we assessed ground ﬂora and regeneration within the sites (1998–1999). We added fuel sampling after the 2003 tornado. Although overstory sampling occurred prior to the tornado, the protocol was not yet stabilized and pre-2003 overstory data were not included in these analyses. In this report, we focus on the overstory, tree regeneration, and ground cover metrics; ground ﬂora data will be assessed in future analyses. Heartland Network monitoring data reveal that Manley Woods has undergone substantial change in canopy cover and midstory trees since 1998. While basal area and density metrics classify Manley Woods as an open woodland, the closed canopy of the midstory and overstory reveal a plant community that is moving toward closed woodland or forest structure. The most recent ﬁre in 2019 was patchy and mild, resulting in continued increases in fuels. Ground cover metrics indicate infrequent disturbance since leaf litter continued to increase. Management objectives to restore savanna or woodland composition and structure to the Manley Woods overstory, regeneration layer, and ground cover will require implementation of prescribed ﬁre in the future. Repeated ﬁres can thin midstory trees and limit less ﬁre tolerant early seral species. Additionally, mechanical or chemical treatments to reduce undesirable tree species should be considered for woodland restoration. Decreasing canopy closure is an important and essential step toward the restoration of a functioning savanna/open woodland plant community in Manley Woods. Treatments that thin the midstory and reduce fuel loading will also beneﬁt these plant communities. With the anticipated changing climate, maintaining an open woodland community type may also provide resilience through management for native species tolerant of increasingly warmer temperatures.

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Delwiche, Patricia. Riparian Woodland Restoration Project. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada397782.

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Delwiche, Patricia A. Riparian Woodland Restoration Project. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada409811.

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Delwiche, Patricia. Riparian Woodland Restoration Project. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada384679.

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Dennis, Donald F., and Donald F. Dennis. Factors Influencing Recreational Use of Private Woodland. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rn-341.

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Butler, Brett J., Jaketon H. Hewes, Brenton J. Dickinson, Kyle Andrejczyk, Sarah M. Butler, and Marla Markowski-Lindsay. USDA Forest Service National Woodland Owner Survey. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-rb-99.

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Alex Piel & Fiona Stewart, Alex Piel &. Fiona Stewart. How do chimpanzees adapt to a savanna woodland in Tanzania? Experiment, November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/1558.

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Bulter, Brett J., and Jesse Caputo. Weighting for the USDA Forest Service, National Woodland Owner Survey. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-198.

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Visser, A., M. Singleton, and B. Esser. Xenon Tracer Test at Woodland Aquifer Storage and Recovery Well. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1162248.

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Rosson, James F. The timberland and woodland resources of central and west Oklahoma, 1989. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/so-rb-193.

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