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Journal articles on the topic 'Wooden track'
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1
Zougari, A., and J. MartÍnez. "The experimental validation of a numerical model for the receptance prediction." MATEC Web of Conferences 286 (2019): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928601007.
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The traditional ballasted track with wooden sleepers covers today most railway lines constructions, including the tracks of tram and metro or the industrial railway branching. In this work, we present an experimental methodology to validate a numerical model based on finite element method, the model was previously well defined using the ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL) and adapted to represent a classical ballasted track. The obtained result of the analysis is expressed as a frequency response of the track and it is compared to the experimental result from measurements made on the metropolitan classical railway track of Barcelona.
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Modaboyina, Sujeeth, Sahil Agrawal, Ragib Khan, and Anju Bhari. "Intraorbital wooden foreign body, legacy of a notorious scrap: a case report." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 4 (April 2021): e242885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-242885.
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Wooden foreign bodies are notorious to be fragile and get retained as bits and bobs in the orbit. A 50-year-old woman presented to casualty with complaints of loss of vision and pain in the right eye associated with discharge from a wound in right eye upper lid. On imaging, a wooden foreign body was seen as continuous track of air. Meticulous dissection and search were done to remove bits and bobs of the wood. Patient, however, after 15 days of primary surgery reported with pus collection over wound site. Keeping suspicion of remnant wooden body piece(s), imaging and further exploration were carried out, removal of a 1 cm residual wooden piece was done. Retained wooden foreign body should always be suspected in postoperative cases of intraorbital wooden foreign body with infection. A close follow-up and knowledge of the same stay useful to remove any needless apprehension both of patient and surgeon.
3
Darenskiy, Oleksandr, Eduard Bielikov, Olexii Dudin, Alina Zvierieva, and Anatolii Oleshchenko. "Results of theoretical and experimental studies on determining the coefficient of subgrade reaction of sleepers for the conditions of main railways with axial loads of 30-35 tons per axle." MATEC Web of Conferences 230 (2018): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823001003.
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The article considers obtaining numerical values of the coefficient of subgrade reaction of wooden and reinforced concrete sleepers with axial loads up to 30-35 tons per axle. It has been concluded that using the rolling stock with axial loads of up to 35 tons per axle is necessary in order to ensure sustainable development of the railway complex. The performance of the railway track thus should be investigated in order to predict its operation in such conditions. Generally, such studies are performed using numerical methods. One of the parameters that are required for such calculations is the parameter which is commonly called the coefficient of subgrade reaction. Empirical dependencies of the coefficient of subgrade reaction of wooden and reinforced concrete sleepers on the axial load and on the operating conditions of the track have been obtained. The obtained results can be used in studies of the interaction dynamics of the track of main railways with rolling stock with axial loads of 30-35 tons per axle, which will give an opportunity to provide well-grounded recommendations on the rules for the arrangement and maintenance of the track in such conditions.
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Ren-liang, Shan, Zhang Xiao-nan, Lu Man, and Zhao Hong-yu. "The Complex Monolithic Movement for the Brick-wooden Building in Deformation Analysis and Reinforcement." Open Civil Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (December 30, 2016): 884–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501610010884.
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This paper first analyzes the reasons of complex monolithic movement of a brick-wooden building in Henan province in China. The building foundation integral underpinning technique and curved-track moving technique which combine the track sharing-monolithic movement method and efficient long distance movement method were put forward. These methods use the anchor static pile, in order to guarantee the safety of the building for complex monolithic movement. The analysis of the internal force and deformation of underpinning structure was calculated by finite element software SAP2000. A practice case showed that the internal force of the underpinning structure is less than the bearing capacity, which proved the efficiency of the proposed method.
5
Khvostik, M. Yu, and M. A. Starodubtseva. "Studies of the constructed rail seat supports." Vestnik of the Railway Research Institute 76, no. 6 (December 28, 2017): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2017-76-6-371-376.
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In recent decades, the use of constructed sleepers on the world's railways has been increasing: the United States, the EU countries, Japan and China. Such sleepers, having positive performance qualities of wooden sleepers (good elasticity and dielectric properties, manufacturability during laying and during repair work), do not have negative qualities of wood. The article reviews the US and EU standards for testing sleepers made of constructed materials. The classification of such sleepers is given. Examples of testing of such sleepers by specialists of JSC “VNIIZhT” for the period from 1999 to 2016 are given, including sleepers from modified wood, wooden sleepers with elastomeric coating, composite sleepers from recycled high-density polyethylene with glass-filled polymer. Features of the Russian requirements to the constructed sleepers are considered. Composite rail seat supports are promising in application. Possessing the advantages of wooden sleepers (bars), they have higher wear resistance, lower life cycle costs (recyclable), are more homogeneous and do not rot. Damping properties of composite sleepers contribute to solving the problem of reducing noise and vibration from rolling stock. In addition, their use is one of the ways to reduce the negative impact of rail transport on the environment. With a feasibility study, such sleepers will successfully replace other types of rail seat supports. Spheres of rational application of composite rail seat supports are heaving sections of the railway track, areas with weak soils, turnouts, tracks on bridges, railway tunnels, and underground tracks. Taking into account the tendency to expand the polygon for laying composite sleepers, including railway tracks, metro routes and land transport in the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan and other CIS countries, it is advisable to develop a single interstate standard containing safety requirements and test methods for constructed rail seat supports.
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Brunning, Richard, David Hogan, Julie Jones, Mark Jones, Ed Maltby, Mark Robinson, and Vanessa Straker. "Saving the Sweet Track: Thein situpreservation of a Neolithic wooden trackway, Somerset, UK." Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 4, no. 1 (January 2000): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/135050300793138417.
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Kukulski, Jacek, Piotr Gołębiowski, Jacek Makowski, Ilona Jacyna-Gołda, and Jolanta Żak. "Effective Method for Diagnosing Continuous Welded Track Condition Based on Experimental Research." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 2889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102889.
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The correct operation of the continuous welded track requires diagnosing its condition and preparation of track metrics requiring measurements of displacements of rail under operation. This is required as there are additional thermal stresses in the rails with values depending on the temperature changes of the rails. Therefore, the climatic conditions are important. This paper presents the original effective analytical method for diagnosing the condition of continuous welded track based on experimental research. The method allows for an appropriate repair or maintenance recommendation. In the experimental research, the authors considered track diagnostic conditions for two conditions: track under load and track without load. This paper presents empirical formulas for calculating rail temperature and longitudinal force based on ambient temperature, developed from long-term measurements. The formulas were developed for a track located on a straight section—both for a rail loaded and unloaded with a passing train under the following conditions: 60E1 rail, not on an engineering structure, conventional surface, wooden sleepers and very high train traffic load. The obtained results in the value of the correlation coefficient R2 ≥ 0.995 attest to very high accuracy of the calculations performed with the method proposed by the authors.
8
Tuley, Yusef, Natalia Bugaets, and Alina Malishevskaya. "Research into parameters of energy loss when trains influence the track with wooden sleepers." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 1 (84) (December 26, 2016): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2016.85851.
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Amin, MN, MA Hossain, MS Miah, MS Hassan, and MA Hoque. "Development of suitable package for transportation of guava (Psidium guajava L.)." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 2 (September 15, 2014): 337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i2.20437.
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Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a perishable and climacteric fruit. The peel surface of guava is soft. During transportation, guava surface is rupture lack of proper packaging. Two types of corrugated fibre board (CFB) cartons of 7 and 5 ply and one type of wooden box were designed and fabricated for transportation of guava in Farm Machinery and Postharvest Process Engineering (FMPE) Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur in 2013. The dimensions of the cartons were 513 x 300 x 240 mm and 400 x 300 x 300 mm. The 7 ply cartons of both the size were found better than those of 5 ply cartons in terms of static load bearing capacity. The carton of 513 x 300 x 240 mm was better than that of second one. The holding capacities of these cartons were about 18-20 kg of guava. The static load bearing capacities of both the cartons of 7 and 5 ply cartons were 90 and 70 kg, respectively. Green matured guava was harvested, sorted and packed in different packages, such as bamboo basket, wooden box, plastic crate, and CFB cartons. They were transported from Sharupkhati of Barisal to Gazipur by a track. Then the guava packages were opened in FMPE Division, BARI, Gazipur and stored at ambient temperature (28.8 ± 2°C) and humidity (87± 2%) for 8 days. The highest shelf-life of guava was found in wooden box without wrapping and the lowest shelf-life was in CFB cartons with polyethylene (0.05 mm) having 2% perforation. Wooden box was found suitable as packaging material for transportation of guava in terms of freshness, shelf-life, and packaging cost. Packaging cost of CFB cartons was higher followed by that of plastic crate, wooden box, and bamboo basket. Packaging costs of plastic crate and wooden box were cheaper than those of CFB cartons and bamboo basket. Plastic crate and wooden box should be used for local market to transport the fruits. CFB carton may be used for export market or supper market. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i2.20437 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(2): 337-350, June 2014
10
Bojarczak, Piotr, and Waldemar Nowakowski. "Application of Deep Learning Networks to Segmentation of Surface of Railway Tracks." Sensors 21, no. 12 (June 12, 2021): 4065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124065.
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The article presents a vision system for detecting elements of railway track. Four types of fasteners, wooden and concrete sleepers, rails, and turnouts can be recognized by our system. In addition, it is possible to determine the degree of sleeper ballast coverage. Our system is also able to work when the track is moderately covered by snow. We used a Fully Convolutional Neural Network with 8 times upsampling (FCN-8) to detect railway track elements. In order to speed up training and improve performance of the model, a pre-trained deep convolutional neural network developed by Oxford’s Visual Geometry Group (VGG16) was used as a framework for our system. We also verified the invariance of our system to changes in brightness. To do this, we artificially varied the brightness of images. We performed two types of tests. In the first test, we changed the brightness by a constant value for the whole analyzed image. In the second test, we changed the brightness according to a predefined distribution corresponding to Gaussian function.
11
Tverdomed, V. "THEORETICAL RESEARCH OF THE POSSIBILITY OF JOINTLESS TRACK ARRANGEMENT IN CURVED SECTIONS OF RADIUS LESS THAN 350 METERS." Collection of scientific works of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies series "Transport Systems and Technologies" 1, no. 37 (June 29, 2021): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2021-37-10.
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The traditional structure of the upper structure of the track on the main railways of Ukraine in curved sections with a radius of less than 350 m is a link structure of the track with wooden sleepers. This track design is not rational under current operating conditions. The use of a more advanced jointless track design in curves with a radius of less than 350 m is limited primarily by the condition of ensuring the transverse stability of the rail-sleeper lattice. To be able to expand the use of jointless track construction in curved sections with a radius of less than 350 m, it is necessary to know the values of the transverse forces of interaction of the structures of the upper track structure with the moving carriage. Knowing the forces of interaction, it is possible to estimate by what value the transverse stability of the rail-sleeper lattice will be provided and to make constructive decisions on its increase. The method of determination of transverse horizontal forces of interaction of track and moving carriage in curves of radius less than 350 m taking into account quasi-static compressive forces in a train is given. The reasons for these forces are related to the presence of eccentricity of the autoclutch shank in the horizontal and vertical planes. Theoretical calculations of horizontal transverse forces of interaction are carried out according to the given technique and coefficients of stability of a rail-sleeper lattice in curved sites are defined. The main conclusions concerning the possibility of operation of the jointless track structure in curved sections with a radius of 350 m and less are made.
12
Курьянова, Татьяна, Tatyana Kuryanova, Алексей Платонов, Aleksey Platonov, Марина Михеевская, Marina Mikheevskaya, Д. Паринов, et al. "Condition of production and operation of railway sleepers from various materials." Forestry Engineering Journal 7, no. 4 (January 30, 2018): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a3d07e1242b54.88703069.
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Sleepers are elements of the upper structure of the railway track. When choosing a material for the manufacture of sleepers, we are based on such basic factors as cost for the whole life cycle and performance characteristics. In connection with the depletion of wood stocks in the world and the short life of wooden sleepers, the process of using sleepers made of reinforced concrete, metal and plastic goes intensively. The service life of pine sleepers is no more than 12-15 years, reinforced concrete sleepers are about 30-50 years old, plastic ones are up to 40 years old, and metal ones are 50-60 years old. However, wooden sleepers differ in the least cost, they practically do not have restrictions on the laying areas, and in some cases have a clear advantage over other materials. Reinforced concrete, metal and plastic sleepers are more expensive than wooden ones, have a longer payback period and are recommended to be laid on roads with high freight intensity, where they can pay off as quickly as possible. It is possible to reduce the shortcomings of sleepers made of natural wood, using modified hardwood for their manufacture, which, by pressing, will be stronger than the sleepers made of natural wood, which, in its physical and mechanical properties, is not inferior to sleepers made of natural coniferous wood. However, a certain disadvantage of the modified wood is its ability to change size and shape with increasing humidity. Stabilization of sizes and forms of modified wood can be increased by impregnating it with the composition of antiseptic with stabilizer. The predicted service life of sleepers from modified wood can be significantly higher than that of wooden sleepers made of natural coniferous wood.
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Younis, Reem, Eran Berkowitz, Roni Shreter, Anat Kesler, and Itzhak Braverman. "Traumatic Optic Neuropathy and Monocular Blindness following Transnasal Penetrating Optic Canal Injury by a Wooden Foreign Body." Case Reports in Ophthalmology 9, no. 2 (July 6, 2018): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000490758.
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Purpose: To report a case of right eye blindness due to a penetrating injury in the contralateral nostril. Methods: This is a case report of a 67-year-old patient who presented to the emergency room complaining of transient blurred vision in his right eye after falling on a small branch with no apparent injury besides minor lacerations. The following day, the patient experienced blindness in the right eye. Physical examination revealed small lacerations on his left forehead and optic neuropathy on the right side with no other obvious discerning physical or imaging abnormalities. Results: After elevated suspicion and reassessment of the neuroimaging findings, a radiolucent track was observed in the nasal cavity, continuing up from the left nostril to the right optic nerve. Transnasal endoscopic surgery was performed and a long wooden branch was removed from the nasal cavity. Conclusion: A nasally penetrating wooden foreign body can cause traumatic optic neuropathy and vision loss on the unaffected side and can be very difficult to locate and image without any clear external evidence as to its presence. This case highlights the importance of maintaining a high level of suspicion in these types of cases.
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Boiko, Volodymyr, Vitalii Molchanov, Volodymyr Tverdomed, and Olena Oliinyk. "Analysis of Vertical Irregularities and Dynamic Forces on the Switch Frogs of the Underground Railway." MATEC Web of Conferences 230 (2018): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823001001.
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This article presents the analysis of vertical irregularities and dynamic forces on the switch frogs in operating conditions on the main tracks of Kiev underground railway. For main railways the deterioration problem of tongues, framed rails, switch frogs and as a consequence formation of the character in interaction on the railroad switches is quite widely studied by different scientists, but for conditions of railway underground such researches are practically absent. However, in order to use metal elements of switches rationally and efficiently, the forecast of their service operation and replacement planning, it is necessary to estimate the level of dynamic forces within the most deteriorated elements of switches at different operational stages. This problem is particularly relevant in conditions of financial restriction for track facilities. The studies allowed determining the form, parameters and basic patterns of the irregularities formation in the rolling zone on switch frogs P65 and P50 mark of crossing 1/9 on wooden beams under different operating conditions, which is the basis for determining vertical dynamic forces of interaction within the switch frog subject to setting maximum permissible speeds of movement.
15
Winiarek, Przemysław, and Aneta Kruk. "Analiza wybranych parametrów chemicznych gleb wzdłuż linii kolejowych." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 26, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 498–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2017.26.4.48.
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The aim of the study was to assess the quality of soils underneath operating railway lines. The lines selected for the examination were outside the reach of external sources of potential pollution. The samples were collected along a plain line section after and before an upgrade work, within the station area and in a railway equipment repair yard. The assessment covered the following types of sections: single-track, double-track, with wooden and concrete sleepers, adjacent to switches subject to lubrication, in the car shunting yard and visibly contaminated areas. The samples were tested for the content of PAH, zinc, copper, lead and PCB. The study did not find evidence of increased levels of the above-listed compounds as compared to the levels found in arable soils located in the vicinity of the line or of their influence on adjacent lands. The content of the examined compounds did not differ depending on the type of line section or its properties. The content of PAH, considered one of the main railway-related pollutants, was sufficiently low to classify the soil along the line and within the station area as unpolluted or slightly polluted.
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Falkowski, Tomasz, Filip Bujakowski, Piotr Ostrowski, and Grzegorz Wierzbicki. "Przydatność kryteriów litogenetycznych w konstrukcji numerycznego modelu krążenia wód podziemnych w strefie krawędziowej wysoczyzny." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 26, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 514–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2017.26.4.49.
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The aim of the study was to assess the quality of soils underneath operating railway lines. The lines selected for the examination were outside the reach of external sources of potential pollution. The samples were collected along a plain line section after and before an upgrade work, within the station area and in a railway equipment repair yard. The assessment covered the following types of sections: single-track, double-track, with wooden and concrete sleepers, adjacent to switches subject to lubrication, in the car shunting yard and visibly contaminated areas. The samples were tested for the content of PAH, zinc, copper, lead and PCB. The study did not find evidence of increased levels of the above-listed compounds as compared to the levels found in arable soils located in the vicinity of the line or of their influence on adjacent lands. The content of the examined compounds did not differ depending on the type of line section or its properties. The content of PAH, considered one of the main railway-related pollutants, was sufficiently low to classify the soil along the line and within the station area as unpolluted or slightly polluted.
17
Titarenko, M. I. "The work of rails under conditions of various average static axial loads of rolling stock." Vestnik of the Railway Research Institute 77, no. 3 (June 28, 2018): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2018-77-3-172-176.
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The analysis of failure of unhardened and heat-strengthened R65 rails under operating conditions in the tangent sections of the track is presented taking into account the influence of the most important operational factor - the average static axial loads of the rolling stock. Non-reinforced R65 rails in the jointed track on the 12.5 m long wooden sub-rail base were considered based on the results of their single replacement in the entire range of their failures. The work of rails under operating conditions is estimated at average static axial loads of rolling stock as 7.5, 9.5, 16.5 and 19.5 tf (73.55, 93.16, 161.82 and 191.21 kN) at all stages of the tonnage at each load. The influence of the average static axial loads of the rolling stock on rail failure in specific operating conditions has been revealed. The features of the change in the intensity of rail failure are considered at all stages of their operation, both for the specified and for the average network level of the static load. The obtained statistical data on the effect of axial loads of rolling stock on the operation of rails can be used in the practice of track maintenance. In conditions of increasing axial loads up to 25, 27 tf, it is necessary to use rails of the appropriate quality; also it is expedient to create new rails for such operating conditions. It is necessary to perform an evaluation of the real operational qualities of the rails in order to use the rolling stock with the increased axial loads (25, 27 tf) in the transportation process in the most efficient way. In the long term, the results of such studies will be aimed at improving the operation of the systems for running track and railway car complexes.
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Hübner, J., J. Olesch, H. Falke, F. X. Meixner, and T. Foken. "A horizontal mobile measuring system for atmospheric quantities." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 9 (September 16, 2014): 2967–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2967-2014.
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Abstract. A fully automatic horizontal mobile measuring system (HMMS) for atmospheric quantities has been developed. The HMMS is based on the drive mechanism of a garden railway system and can be installed at any location and along any measuring track. In addition to meteorological quantities (temperature, humidity and short-/long-wave down/upwelling radiation), HMMS also measures trace gas concentrations (carbon dioxide and ozone). While sufficient spatial resolution is a problem even for measurements on distributed towers, this could be easily achieved with the HMMS, which has been specifically developed to obtain higher information density about horizontal gradients in a heterogeneous forest ecosystem. There, horizontal gradients of meteorological quantities and trace gases could be immense, particularly at the transition from a dense forest to an open clearing, with large impact on meteorological parameters and exchange processes. Consequently, HMMS was firstly applied during the EGER IOP3 project (ExchanGE processes in mountainous Regions – Intense Observation Period 3) in the Fichtelgebirge Mountains (SE Germany) during summer 2011. At a constant 1 m above ground, the measuring track of the HMMS consisted of a straight line perpendicular to the forest edge, starting in the dense spruce forest and leading 75 m into an open clearing. Tags with bar codes, mounted every metre on the wooden substructure, allowed (a) keeping the speed of the HMMS constant (approx. 0.5 m s−1) and (b) operation of the HMMS in a continuous back and forth running mode. During EGER IOP3, HMMS was operational for almost 250 h. Results show that – due to considerably long response times (between 4 and 20 s) of commercial temperature, humidity and the radiation sensors – true spatial variations of the meteorological quantities could not be adequately captured (mainly at the forest edge). Corresponding dynamical (spatial) errors of the measurement values were corrected on the basis of well-defined individual response times of the sensors and application of a linear correction algorithm. Due to the very short response times (≤ 1 s) of the applied commercial CO2 and O3 analysers, dynamical errors for the trace gas data were negligible and no corrections were done.
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Hübner, J., J. Olesch, H. Falke, F. X. Meixner, and T. Foken. "A horizontal mobile measuring system for atmospheric quantities." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 5 (May 7, 2014): 4551–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-4551-2014.
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Abstract. A fully automatic Horizontal Mobile Measuring System (HMMS) for atmospheric quantities has been developed. The HMMS is based on the drive mechanism of a garden railway system and can be installed at any location and with any measuring track. In addition to meteorological quantities (temperature, humidity and short/long-wave down/upwelling radiation), HMMS also measures trace gas concentrations (carbon dioxide and ozone). While sufficient spatial resolution is a problem even for measurements on distributed towers, this could be easily achieved with the HMMS, which has been specifically developed to obtain higher information density about horizontal gradients in a heterogeneous forest ecosystem. There, horizontal gradients of meteorological quantities and trace gases could be immense, particularly at the transition from a dense forest to an open clearing, with large impact on meteorological parameters and exchange processes. Consequently, HMMS was firstly applied during EGER IOP3 project (ExchanGE processes in mountainous Regions – Intense Observation Period 3) in the Fichtelgebirge Mountains (SE Germany) during summer 2011. At a constant 1 m above ground, the measuring track of the HMMS consisted of a straight line perpendicular to the forest edge, starting in the dense spruce forest and leading 75 m into an open clearing. Tags with bar codes, mounted every meter on the wooden substructure, allowed (a) keeping the speed of the HMMS constant (approx. 0.5 m s−1) and (b) operation of the HMMS in a continuous back and forth running mode. During EGER IOP3, HMMS was operational for almost 250 h. Results show that – due to considerably long response times (between 4 s and 20 s) of commercial temperature, humidity and the radiation sensors – true spatial variations of the meteorological quantities could not be adequately captured (mainly at the forest edge). Corresponding dynamical (spatial) errors of the measurement values were corrected on the basis of well defined individual response times of the sensors and application of a linear correction algorithm. Due to the very short response times (≤ 1 s) of the applied commercial CO2 and O3 analysers, dynamical errors for the trace gas data were negligible and no corrections were done.
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Pineda de Carías, María C., Nohemy L. Rivera, and Cristina M. Argueta. "STELA D: A SUNDIAL AT COPAN, HONDURAS." Ancient Mesoamerica 28, no. 2 (2017): 543–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536116000286.
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AbstractThe Maya of Copan, Honduras used Stela D, its altar, and the surrounding structures as a sundial to record time. Archaeological investigations show that wooden posts and stelae could have been used to measure time and to perform associated rites in the northern sector of the Main Plaza of the Copan Archaeological Park. We constructed a digital model of Stela D to study the shadows cast at different times of day and on different dates of the year, such as solstices, equinoxes, and solar zenith passages. The size and orientation of the shadows may have served as a time marker that ancient residents of Copan used to accurately track the tropical year. We also found evidence that supports the iconographic interpretation of an analogy between serpents’ bodies that adorn the figure of the ruler on Stela D and shadows and sun positions on dates of major solar events that form a solar calendar that counts years from winter solstice day.
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Rahimov, Rustam, Shokhrukh Sultonov, Otabek Nigmatov, Meirkhan Baltaev, Vasila Ergasheva, and Liliya Filimonova. "Commissioning of the freight wagons with increased axle loads is a guarantee of the further development of railways of the Republic of Uzbekistan." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 05049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126405049.
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The aim of the study is to select rational axle loads of the rolling stock and establish the conditions for their circulation on the railways of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In this work, research has been carried out to assess the indicators of the stress-strain state of rail track elements from the action of the rolling stock with various axial loads. The dynamic loads from the rolling stock wheel on the rail, tensile stresses at the edges of the rail foot, in wooden sleepers (rubber under-rail pads on reinforced concrete) under the linings, in the ballast under the sleeper, as well as stresses at the main area of the roadbed, were determined. The obtained results of studies on the determination and assessment of the loading of the elements of the permanent way and sub-grade bed under the condition of not exceeding their standard values made it possible to establish the permissible speeds of movement of freight wagons with increased axle loads of 25 and 27 tf on the railways of the Republic of Uzbekistan, depending on the design of the track and the thickness of the ballast layer, which will increase the running and carrying capacity of the most loaded sections of the railway network, reduce operating costs, increase the volume of freight traffic by rail, which will create conditions for the further development of national rail transport in the implementation of export and transit potential.
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Курьянова, Татьяна, Tatyana Kuryanova, Алексей Платонов, Aleksey Platonov, Марина Михеевская, Marina Mikheevskaya, Светлана Снегирева, Svetlana Snegireva, Е. Первакова, and E. Pervakova. "THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF OBTAINING MODIFIED WOOD." Forestry Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5ab0dfc30d6f83.06547595.
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The element of the upper structure of the railway track are sleepers, which are made mainly of wood. Wooden sleepers from natural wood have a number of disadvantages. Reduce the disadvantages of sleepers made of natural wood is possible if their manufacture to use modified wood myag-kih hardwood, which by pressing will exceed the strength of the sleepers made of natural Dre-spring and its physical and mechanical characteristics is not inferior to the sleepers made of natural coniferous wood. However, one of the disadvantages of modified wood is its ability to change the size and shape with increasing humidity. Therefore, there is a need to create a new high-tech re-surdobarokamere the production of railway sleepers of the modified wood with improved ex-operational characteristics (durability, bio-logical stability, dimensional stability, wear resistance), exceeding the existing production. To increase the service life of wooden sleepers, increase their biostability and dimensional stability, raw materials for the production of sleepers must be impregnated with the composition of antiseptic and stabilizer, i.e. to conduct thermomechanical modification of wood. As raw materials it is possible to use wood of soft deciduous breeds of a birch and an aspen. Depending on the degree of pressing the sleepers of these species will exceed the strength of the sleepers of pine wood. But at the same time all properties of wood remain (damper, dielectric and others). Development of wood modification technology is possible on the basis of analysis of physical phenomena underlying technological operations. With this purpose, the theoretically calculated curves of heating of the billet in the section of the oily liquid, made on the basis of similarity criteria and on the basis of the physical phenomena of heat and mass transfer calculated duration of drying preparations. Accepted methods of impregnation, loading and relieving of the pressure during compaction
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Lenevych, Oksana. "THE IMPACT OF RECREATION LOADING ON PHYSICAL AND WATER-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BROWN FOREST SOILS." PROBLEMS OF GEOMORPHOLOGY AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE UKRANIAN CARPATHIANS AND ADJACENT AREAS, no. 11(01) (January 13, 2021): 311–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/gpc.2020.1.3214.
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The article analyses the influence of recreational load on the physical and water-physical properties of brown forest soils. It is established that the complete or partial absence of litter on the pathway contributes to the rapid evaporation of moisture from the upper horizon (0−5 cm) of the soil, reducing the porosity total, increasing the density solid phase and buk density. It was found that with the increase of the buk density by 12,5 % the water permeability of the soil decreases 33 times in comparison with the control. A significant increase in the bulk density of the structure by 39−48 % was found on partway with a width of more than 2 m. On these pathway the surface runoff of water is formed. An increase in the density of the solid phase was recorded. The results of which are characteristic of the Hp horizon of brown forest soils. The overlapping of the trail with wooden flooring on the track “Stezhkamy lehendarnoyi Tustani” had a positive effect on the physical and water-physical properties of the soil. It was found that the indicators of soil bulk density and water permeability were close to the results obtained in the control and only the increase in the density of the solid phase indicates a significant recreational impact in the past. On the roadsides of the same revealed a significant increase in soil density of 1,5 times compared to the control and 1,3 times with the results obtained on the pathway, this indicates a recreational impact to date. It is proposed to use the following criteria for degradation of natural ecosystem: quantitative and qualitative changes in vegetation (meadow ecosystems), presence/absence of forest litter (forest ecosystems), soil density, presence of additional/parallel paths, path width, depth of erosion on the pathway. Establish category (stages) of recreational degression on the tracks the National Park “Skolivski Beskydy”. On the first stage/category (“Unchanged track”) of recreational degression includes trails 0,35−0,70 m wide with relatively close indicators of soil structure bulk density to control and the presence of forest litter on the pathway. The only negative aspect in this category is the insufficient water permeability of the soil. On heavy II category there is forest litter, although its redistribution is mainly traced between the trail and its roadside. In some sections of the trail, where there is no forest litter, it is fixed by increasing the bulk density of the structure to 27 %, the width of the pathway is 0,9−1,2 m and is classified as “Little-changed track”. On pathway with 2,15−3,40 m, there is a complete or partial absence of forest litter. Bulk density increased by 38−39 %, surface water runoff is formed. It is established presence distinct partway, visibled qualitative and quantitative changes in vegetation. The presented data correspond to the pathway of III category and are classified as “Endangered track”. Category IV (“Devastated track”) includes paths on which there is no forest litter, a significant increase in soil density up to 48 %, access to the surface of the root system and the width of the path is 2,60−4,90 m. Key words: recreation influence; soil bulk density; water permeable; pathway; NPP “Skolivski Beskydy”.
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Rudan, Smiljko, and Irena Radić Rossi. "Application of the State-Of-The Art Engineering Methods in Nautical Archaeology." Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science 2, Special edition 2 (April 2018): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18048/2018-00.113.
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Modern interdisciplinary projects are connecting researchers from seemingly unrelated fields, like naval engineering and archaeology. However, archaeological remnants of the present days, such as ancient ships and ceramic transport containers, were created by engineers and artisans of the past. It is therefore meaningful to consider their function and construction from an engineering point of view, complementing the archaeological research. One track of the interdisciplinary project Archaeology of Adriatic Shipbuilding and Seafaring (AdriaS), founded by the Croatian Science Foundation, aims at better understanding of structural behaviour of the ancient seaborne structures, made of wood and ceramics. In addition, a reverse engineering method is considered in the analysis of underwater archaeological sites, by the simulation of capsizing of ancient ship. This paper presents the possibilities and limitation of the application of the state-of-the-art engineering methods in nautical archaeology. It focuses on the analysis of wooden and ceramics structures, particularly through the identification of open questions, and exploitation of proper material models. Moreover, it presents the complex fluid-structure interaction analysis of a ship capsizing event as a possible engineering tool for testing hypothesis.
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Wiharso, Ernik Yuliana, and Eddy Supriono. "PENGELOLAAN EKOWISATA MANGROVE BERDASARKAN DAYA DUKUNG EKOSISTEM DAN PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT." Jurnal Matematika Sains dan Teknologi 21, no. 1 (March 27, 2020): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33830/jmst.v21i1.701.2020.
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Currently, mangrove ecotourism is interesting by the community. Berakit Village, Teluk Sebong Subdistrict, Bintan Regency, Riau Islands Province has a mangrove ecosystem that is used as an ecotourism area and is starting to be visited by many visitors. The aim of the study was to analyze the management of mangrove ecotourism based on the carrying capacity of the ecosystem and community perceptions. Data collection on mangrove potential was carried out through a mangrove inventory on 10 transect lines, perception and socio-economic data collection was carried out through interviews by giving questionnaires to respondents, as many as 60 surrounding communities and 30 visitors, with a simple random sampling technique. Data analysis using the Tourism Conformity Index (IKW), Carrying Capacity Area (DDK) ecotourism for roaming tours of mangrove tracks. The results showed that IKW reached 87.50% (very suitable), and DDK ecotourism mangrove tracks with wooden bridges were 214 people per day, while for mangrove cruising tours boating was 231 people per day. Respondents' perceptions of mangrove ecotourism and their management are good, and have the potential to be developed for ecotourism activities. The ecotourism management strategy that can be chosen is to promote and publicize mangrove tourism in Berakit Village, develop attractive ecotourism packages, provide garbage dumps at the crowds and do beach cleaning which is affected by pollution from oil spills.
Ekowisata mangrove saat ini banyak diminati oleh masyarakat. Desa Berakit, Kecamatan Teluk Sebong, Kabupaten Bintan, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau mempunyai ekosistem mangrove yang dijadikan sebagai kawasan ekowisata dan mulai banyak dikunjungi oleh masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengelolaan ekowisata mangrove berdasarkan daya dukung ekosistem dan persepsi masyarakat. Pengambilan data potensi mangrove dilakukan melalui inventarisasi mangrove pada 10 jalur transek, pengambilan data persepsi dan sosial ekonomi dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan memberi kuesioner kepada 90 responden, 60 masyarakat sekitar dan 30 pengunjung, dengan teknik simple random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata (IKW), Daya Dukung Kawasan (DDK) ekowisata untuk wisata jelajah mangrove track. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa IKW mencapai 87,50% (sangat sesuai), dan DDK ekowisata mangrove track dengan jembatan kayu adalah 214 orang/hari, sedangkan untuk wisata jelajah mangrove dengan berperahu adalah 231 orang/hari. Persepsi responden tentang ekowisata mangrove dan pengelolaannya adalah baik, serta berpotensi untuk dikembangkan untuk kegiatan ekowisata. Strategi pengelolaan ekowisata yang dapat dipilih adalah melakukan promosi dan publikasi mengenai ekoswisata mangrove di Desa Berakit, mengembangkan paket ekowisata yang menarik, menyediakan tempat pembuangan sampah pada titik keramaian dan melakukan pembersihan pantai yang terdampak pencemaran akibat tumpahan minyak.
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Melancon, Michael. "The Ninth Circle: The Lena Goldfield Workers and the Massacre of 4 April 1912." Slavic Review 53, no. 3 (1994): 766–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2501519.
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"Stretching out ahead a frigid wasteland,…so thick a sheet of ice as never locked the Don up in its frozen source"Dante, Inferno, Canto XXXII, "The Ninth Circle"On a wintry early April day, far out in the Lena River basin to the north of Lake Baikal, a file of workers some three thousand strong marched determinedly out of the deforested hills along a road toward a company settlement on the Bodaibo River. Most walked three or four abreast on a road narrowed by the previous night's snow fall, as others trudged along a parallel railroad track a few meters away; within the sparse township, a small figure in the distance waved his arms and shouted but his voice faded in the chill late afternoon air. As the miners proceeded along lengthy stables and stacks of firewood, a uniformed guard hurried forward to persuade them to turn off onto another road. As they rounded the stables, the road curved somewhat bringing them into full view of a substantial building; only a wooden bridge over a small stream and perhaps two hundred meters stood between the workers and their goal. A company of soldiers stood in formation beyond the bridge. The workers' lines faltered uncertainly but people pushed forward from behind.
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Okatenko, V. N., S. A. Skory, and R. V. Zymovets. "KURGAN OF EARLY SСYTHIAN AGE IN KHARKIV REGION." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 27, no. 2 (June 22, 2018): 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2018.02.15.
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The publication presents the results of excavations of the mound 4 of the Dushnovo group of large-scale graveyard of the Scythian time near the city Lyubotin, Kharkiv region (the Seversky Donets basin). It is important to emphasize that no one kurgan in this group was previously investigated by archaeologists.
Part of the embankment was seriously damaged by the local people’s economic activity, and before excavation it was a height of up to 0.90 m with a diameter of about 30 m.
In the course of works the remains of a square (4 Ч 4 m) original ground-based facility, with an in-depth foundation, which once had fence walls, were found under the embankment. The massive column-pillars, which originally frame the front of the building, were leaving the entrance to it free. The area around this object was lined with bark, and in the immediate vicinity there was a fairly large wooden platform.
Several items were preserved in the robbery track, in particular, fragments of stucco dishes of the early Scythian period (a pot, a bowl, a scoop), fragments of the light-loamy Miletus amphora.
The constructive feature of the structure and the preserved things make it possible to interpret this object as a sanctuary and date approximately not later than the end of VII century BC.
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Vaiškūnaitė, Rasa, and Vilma Jasiūnienė. "THE ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTANTS EMITTED BY RAILWAY TRANSPORT." Transport 35, no. 2 (May 20, 2020): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.12751.
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Recently, concern for a rapid increase in heavy metal pollutants released by railway transport has been expressed. Most of pollutant emissions from combustion processes are related to fuel consumption in the internal combustion engines of traction rolling stock. The main pollutants released into the environment cover particulate matter, volatile non-methane organic compounds, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. In this way, it is likely that the biggest polluters of the environment are traction units with internal combustion engines. However, other types of pollution are possible, where polluters can be not only traction rolling stock with the internal combustion engines, but also electric locomotive. For example, when due to friction of metals and deterioration of rolling stock wheels, heavy metals such as aerosols are released into the atmosphere, soil, surface and ground water, etc. and severely pollute the railway environment. Along with an increase in the electrification of railways, local environmental pollution is likely to be increased in the future. High pollution by heavy metals can also occur near the track storing creosote-impregnated wooden railway sleepers. Having analysed railway transport intensity and in order to assess pollution level, the stations of three major cities of Lithuania (Vilnius, Kaunas and Klaipėda) were selected to investigate heavy metal pollutants (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn)) acting as the most toxic and widespread elements. The highest concentrations of Pb (up to 50 mg/kg) were found at a distance of 5.0 m from railway sleepers in the upper (up to 10 cm) soil layer at Vilnius Railway Station. A comparison of the results of the investigated soil across the tested stations showed that Klaipėda Railway Station was the area most polluted with Cd. The highest concentrations of Cd (up to 1.5…1.8 mg/kg) were established at a varying distance of 5…10 m from the sleepers in the upper (up to 10 cm) soil layer of light loam. Among the investigated stations, the lowest pollution by heavy metals, including Zn, was found at Kaunas Railway Station where sandy loam dominated. A comparison of heavy metal pollutants deposited on the intact used and rotten wooden railway sleepers disclosed that the latter were more heavily contaminated with heavy metals and made from 8 to 13 mg/kg for Pb, from 0.3 to 1.2 mg/kg for Cd, from 13.8 to 66 mg/kg for Zn.
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Leone, Massimo. "Resemblance and camouflage in Graeco-Roman antiquity." Sign Systems Studies 38, no. 1/4 (December 1, 2010): 167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2010.38.1-4.06.
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In the twenty-eighth book of the Naturalis Historia Pliny the Elder claims that, if a chameleon’s left leg is roasted together with a herb bearing the same name, and everything is mixed with ointment, cut in lozenges, and stored in a wooden little box, this will bestow on those who own it a perfect camouflage. The ring of Gyges (Plato, etc.), that of Midas (Pliny), the heliotropium (Pliny), the dracontitis (Philostratus): ancient cultures abound with references to objects, recipes, and techniques able to bestow different kinds of invisibility, meant as a perfect resemblance with the environment. At the same time, these same cultures also teem with references to how to avert the perfect camouflage: for instance, by being endowed with a pupula duplex, a double pupil (Ovid). The paper explores such vast corpus of texts from the point of view of a semiotics of cultures, in order to track the roots of a conception of camouflage that, from these ancient cultures on, develops through intricate paths into the contemporary imaginaires (and practices) of invisibility. The paper’s more general goal is to understand the way in which cultures elaborate conceptions of invisibility meant as the perfect resemblance between humans and their environments, often on the basis of the observation of the same resemblance between other living beings and their habitat. Ancient texts are therefore focused on in order to decipher the passage from camouflage as an adaptive natural behaviour to camouflage as an effective combat strategy.
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Yang, Bi-cheng, Feng Wang, Wei Deng, Yang Zou, Fa-ying Liu, Xi-di Wan, Xiao Yang, Huai Liu, and Ou-ping Huang. "Wooden-tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for trace analysis of toxic and hazardous compounds in food samples." Analytical Methods 7, no. 14 (2015): 5886–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay00917k.
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John Bensko. "Wooden Floor, and: Our Side of the Tracks." Prairie Schooner 82, no. 1 (2008): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psg.0.0014.
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Ahmad, Shahzad, and Vaibhav Kuchhal. "Neglected Foreign Body in Retropharyngeal Space presenting with Infected Pharyngocutaneous Sinus." International Journal of Advanced and Integrated Medical Sciences 1, no. 2 (2016): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10050-10028.
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ABSTRACT We present an unusual case of a foreign body, a hard wooden piece measuring 4 cm, in the retropharyngeal space. The patient presented with discharging sinus just below the angle of mandible left side. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan helped to make the diagnosis. Neck exploration was done under general anesthesia and sinus tract was seen in the parapharyngeal space. The tract was passing between the carotid artery and the internal jugular vein and going to the retropharyngeal space. The wooden piece was removed from the sinus tract and the tract was dissected out. The neurovascular structure was intact. We highlight the importance of contrast-enhanced CT scan and three-dimensional (3D) CT images for preoperative evaluation of the locational relationship between the foreign body and great vessels in the neck region. The external approach is more convenient because it provides adequate exposure of neurovascular structure in the neck. How to cite this article Ahmad S, Kuchhal V. Neglected Foreign Body in Retropharyngeal Space presenting with Infected Pharyngocutaneous Sinus. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016;1(2):84-85.
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Huang, Yanying, Yanfang Ma, Huawen Hu, Pengran Guo, Lei Miao, Yunyun Yang, and Min Zhang. "Rapid and sensitive detection of trace malachite green and its metabolite in aquatic products using molecularly imprinted polymer-coated wooden-tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry." RSC Advances 7, no. 82 (2017): 52091–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra10094a.
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In this study, a molecularly imprinted polymer-coated wooden-tip (MIPCWT) electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) method was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of trace malachite green (MG) and its metabolite in aquatic products.
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Ewaze, Juliet O., Richard C. Summerbell, and James A. Scott. "Semiselective isolation of the ethanol-imbibing sooty mould Baudoinia of distillery aging warehouses." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 54, no. 4 (April 2008): 331–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w08-016.
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Baudoinia compniacensis is a darkly pigmented microfungus that grows conspicuously on environmental surfaces around warehouses where alcoholic spirits are stored in wooden casks. This fungus has long been ignored because its primary isolation is very difficult. The present study describes a new semiselective isolation medium for this fungus based on the use of ethanol as a sole carbon source and low levels of nitrogen and trace elements.
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Sokolovic, Dzevada, and Muhamed Bajric. "Public roads in the opening of forests in forest management units of Sarajevo canton." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, suppl. (2015): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf15s1121s.
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The primary network of forest roads consists of public and forest truck roads. Public roads in one forest area have been mainly built due to needs of local communities, access to rural areas, the development of tourism, recreation and so on. Forest truck roads have been built and maintained by those who manage forests (the forest management), while public roads have been managed by the Directorate for Roads of the Federation of B&H and cantonal and local governments. In the last twenty years, the sector for wood assortments transport in the Federation of B&H is in charge of the private transport operators which use vehicles of large capacities and high axle loads for the purpose of transport of as large as possible quantities of wooden mass per time unit. Due to this fact, the roads have deteriorated faster. The accelerated deterioration of the roads used for the transport of wooden assortments imposes the need for the allocation of larger funds for their maintenance. Due to the increasing damages on the roads the prohibitions of use of some public roads for wooden assortments transport occur more frequently. The aim of the research is to determine the total length of public roads which open Forest Management Units of Sarajevo Canton (FMU of SC) and to investigate the possibility of using these categories of roads for forestry. For examination and analysis possibilities of using public roads for wooden assortments transport qualitative research - polls methods have been applied within the framework of the key representatives of the target groups such as forestry and the local community. In the questionnaire, two sets of questions were specified, the first one which is designed to determine the possible existence of problems of using public roads for transport of wooden assortments and possible causes of occurrence of the problems. The second group of questions gives some of the possible solutions for solving the problems of using public roads for the purpose of transport of wood assortments. The results of the survey show that the share of public roads for opening forest truck roads of Canton Sarajevo amounts 44.94%. The given results illustrate that the cases of prohibition of use of public roads for wood assortments transport are rare. The largest proportion of respondents (65%) pleaded that there are no problems (conditions) for using public roads within their territory. A share of 32% of respondents said that there are some requirements for the use of public roads for the transport of wood assortments in their territory and those are mostly demands that FMU covers the costs of maintenance of these roads. A share of 58% of respondents gave the answer that those requirements originate from self-organized groups of citizens. A share of 42% of respondents gave the answer that these requirements originate from the local community (municipalities and lower levels). In the second group of questions, where the proposal for resolving the problems of wood assortments transport in case of inability of use the existing public roads have been given the majority of respondents consider that the solution of problem is making agreement on the mode of usage and application of more control of axle loads of truck which transport wood assortments by public roads. The general conclusion of the research is that the undisturbed use of public roads for forestry needs is possible only with more consideration of the legal guidelines and with continuous agreements of all stakeholders accompanied by constant control.
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Singh, Anupam, Madhubari Vathulya, S. K. Mittal, Ajai Agrawal, Barun Kumar, Athul S. Puthalath, and Mahsa Jamil. "Chronic Discharging Sinus of Upper Lid Due to the Missed Wooden Foreign Body." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v10i2.23028.
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Background: Foreign bodies of the orbit can have a diverse range of clinical presentations, which may be perplexing to the most Ophthalmologists. Wooden foreign bodies can remain quiescent for a long time, before presenting with various complications. We report a case of Post-traumatic chronic non-healing discharging sinus in the left upper lid, which on exploration revealed the presence of the missed wooden foreign body.
Case: A 48-year-old male, presented to Ophthalmic OPD with a complaint of discharge from the left upper eyelid for 18 months. The patient had a history of minor trauma to the left upper eyelid while collecting wood in the forest, 18 months back. The patient was misdiagnosed on previous examinations elsewhere. The diagnosis of retained wooden foreign body was made at our center and surgical exploration was done to remove the same.
Observation: On clinical examination, there was a 2-3mm long sinus in the left upper eyelid with purulent discharge and granulation tissue. Surrounding skin showed hyperpigmentation and excoriation. CT scan orbit was inconclusive. MRI orbit revealed a peripherally enhancing extraconal/conal collection in the left orbit with a central hypo intense structure suggestive of a foreign body. Surgical exploration of the wound was done and a small wooden foreign body measuring 9mm was removed with excision of the sinus tract.
Conclusion: A history of trauma followed by chronic discharging sinus should evoke suspicion of a retained foreign body. Prompt imaging, followed by surgical exploration should be done to prevent misdiagnosis and inappropriate management.
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Hunt, G. B., A. Worth, and A. Marchevsky. "Migration of wooden skewer foreign bodies from the gastrointestinal tract in eight dogs." Journal of Small Animal Practice 45, no. 7 (July 2004): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2004.tb00249.x.
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Šuštiaková, Marianna, Pavol Ďurica, Radoslav Ponechal, and Marek Cangár. "Comparison of Experimental and Computational Characteristics of Light Perimeter Walls of Wooden Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 1020 (October 2014): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1020.25.
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The paper evaluated thermo-technical characteristics of the experimental walls, consisting of five different tracks in three different color surfaces at different base material. The hygrothermal behavior of the structures and layers is monitored year-round. The computational model of the laboratory room and tested samples is compiled and debugged on the basis of experimental measurements. The dynamic simulations of temperature and humidity parameters were realized.
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Depaulis, Thierry. "Ancient American Board Games, I: From Teotihuacan to the Great Plains." Board Game Studies Journal 12, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 29–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bgs-2018-0002.
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Abstract Besides the ubiquitous patolli—a race game played on a cruciform gameboard—the Aztecs had obviously a few other board games. Unfortunately their names have not been recorded. We owe to Diego Durán, writing in the last quarter of the 16th century from local sources, some hints of what appears to be a “war game” and a second, different race game that he calls ‘fortuna’. A close examination of some Precolumbian codices shows a rectangular design with a chequered border, together with beans and gamepieces, which has correctly been interpreted as a board game. Many similar diagrams can be seen carved on stone in temples and public places, from Teotihuacan (c. 4th-7th century AD) to late Toltec times (9th-12th century AD). Of this game too we do not know the name. It has tentatively been called quauhpatolli (“eagle- or wooden-patolli”) by Christian Duverger (1978)—although this seems to have been the classic post-conquest Nahuatl name for the game of chess—or “proto-patolli”, and more concretely “rectángulo de cintas” (rectangle of bands) by William Swezey and Bente Bittman (1983). The lack of any representation of this game in all Postcolumbian codices, as painted by Aztec artists commissioned by Spanish scholars interested in the Aztec culture, is clear indication that the game had disappeared before the Spanish conquest, at least in central Mexico. No Aztec site shows any such gameboard. Fortunately this game had survived until the 20th (and 21st!) century but located in the Tarascan country, now the state of Michoacán. It was discovered, unchanged, in a Tarascan (Purepecha) village by Ralph L. Beals and Pedro Carrasco, who published their find in 1944. At that time Beals and Carrasco had no idea the game was attested in early codices and Teotihuacan to Maya and Toltec archaeological sites. In Purepecha the game is called k’uillichi. There is evidence of an evolution that led to a simplification of the game: less tracks, less gamesmen (in fact only one per player, while k’uillichi has four), and less ‘dice’. From a “complex” race game, the new debased version turned to be a simple single-track race game with no strategy at all. It is possible that this process took place in Michoacán. (A few examples of the simplified game were found in some Tarascan villages.) Also it seems the widespread use of the Nahua language, which the Spanish promoted, led to calling the game, and/or its dice, patol. As it was, patol proved to be very appealing and became very popular in the Mexican West, finally reaching the Noroeste, that is, the present North-West of Mexico and Southwest of the United States. This seems to have been a recent trend, since its progress was observed with much detail by missionaries living in close contact with the Indians along what was called the ‘Camino Real’, the long highway that led from western Mexico to what is now New Mexico in the U.S. The Spanish themselves seem to have helped the game in its diffusion, unaware of its presence. It is clearly with the Spaniards that the patol game, sometimes also called quince (fifteen), reached the American Southwest and settled in the Pueblo and the Zuñi countries. It is there that some newcomers, coming from the North or from the Great Plains, and getting in contact with the Pueblos in the 18th century, found the game and took it over. The Kiowas and Kiowa Apaches are noted for their zohn ahl (or tsoñä) game, while the Arapahos call it ne’bäku’thana. A careful examination of zohn ahl shows that it has kept the basic features of an ancient game that came—in Spanish times—from Mexico and may have been popular in Teotihuacan times. Its spread northward—through the Tarascan country—is, hopefully, well documented.
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Afferrante, Luciano, and Michele Ciavarella. "Short pitch corrugation of railway tracks with wooden or concrete sleepers: An enigma solved?" Tribology International 43, no. 3 (March 2010): 610–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2009.09.010.
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Paganini, Andressa, Elaine Caroline Boscatto, and Adriano Slongo. "FATORES RELACIONADOS A LESÕES EM ATLETAS DE BOLÃO 16 CATEGORIA FEMININO NA CIDADE DE CAÇADOR/SC." Revista Interdisciplinar de Estudos em Saúde 7, no. 1 (November 29, 2018): 352–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33362/ries.v7i1.1181.
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O bolão 16 é uma modalidade esportiva onde o objetivo é derrubar nove pinos posicionados ao final de uma pista de madeira com uma bola maciça. Exige técnica, inteligência e concentração. Tendo em vista a escassez de estudos na literatura e a necessidade de aprofundar conhecimentos neste esporte específico, foi realizada a presente pesquisa para investigar a incidência de lesões e fatores relacionados às mesmas em atletas do sexo feminino, praticantes da modalidade na cidade de Caçador/SC. Trata-se de estudo transversal, descritivo, com análise quanti-qualitativa dos dados. Foi aplicado um questionário de formulário próprio para investigar informações pessoais, índice de massa corporal, tempo de jogo, dores e lesões articulares, hábitos relacionados à prática da modalidade e de outras atividades físicas. Participaram do estudo 11 atletas, com idades entre 18 a 56 anos e média de IMC 27,25 kg/m2. O tempo de prática variou de 10 meses a 27 anos. A maioria das participantes utiliza o braço direito para o lançamento e a perna esquerda para o apoio ao final do arremesso, demonstrando um movimento harmônico. No entanto, possuem alto índice de lesões/dores articulares, tendo a articulação mais acometida por dores a do joelho, seguida de quadril. Sobre o hábito de aquecimento e alongamento, todas as atletas afirmaram que o realizam; contudo foi verificado que a metade das atletas tem como prática de atividade física exclusiva o bolão, sendo necessário o incentivo a práticas preventivas voltadas ao esporte, além de orientação para a técnica adequada evitando desgaste físico entre outras consequências.Palavras-chave: Esportes. Traumatismos em atletas. Articulações. ABSTRACT: The ninepin it’s a sports mode where play mens and womens, with the objetive is drop the nine pin in the end of wooden track, with the solid ball. It requires technique, intelligence and concentration. Given the scarcity of studies in the literature and the need to deepen knowledge in this specific sport, the present research was carried out to investigate the incidence of injuries and related factors in female athletes, practitioners of the sport in the city of Caçador in Santa Catarina state. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study with quantitative qualitative data analysis. A questionnaire was used to investigate personal information, body mass index, playing time, pain and joint injuries, habits related to the practice of the sport and other physical activities. Eleven athletes, aged 18 to 56 years, with a mean BMI of 60,075 pounds ft.sq, participated of this study. Regarding the training time, it ranged from 10 months to 27 years. Most athletes use the right arm for the throw and the left leg for support at the end of the pitch, demonstrating a harmonious movement. However, they have a high index of lesions/joint pain, and the joint is more affected by pain in the knee, followed by hip pain. On the warm-up and stretching habit, all athletes stated that they perform it. However, it was verified that half of the athletes have a practice of exclusive physical activity the ninepin, being necessary the incentive to preventive practices oriented to the sport, besides orientation for the appropriate technique avoiding physical wear among other consequences.Keywords: Sports. Athletic injuries. Joint.
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Nagubadi, Venkatarao, Kevin T. McNamara, William L. Hoover, and Walter L. Mills. "Program Participation Behavior of Nonindustrial Forest Landowners: A Probit Analysis." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 28, no. 2 (December 1996): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800007343.
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AbstractThis study provides an analysis of nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners' participation in forestry assistance programs. A probit model was used for data collected from a random sample of 329 Indiana landowners. The analysis revealed that total land owned, commercial reasons for ownership, government sources of information, and membership in forestry organizations influenced NIPF landowners' program participation. Age, fear of loss of property rights, and duration since the first wooded tract was acquired also influenced program participation. Location of landowners' residence on their wooded land and landowners' knowledge of and willingness to participate in a conservation easement influenced the participation in cost-share programs.
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Matsutomi, Hideo, Kensuke Okamoto, and Kenji Harada. "INUNDATION FLOW VELOCITY OF TSUNAMI ON LAND AND ITS PRACTICAL USE." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 30, 2011): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.currents.5.
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Based on field data of inundation depth and inundation flow velocity u estimated using Bernoulli’s theorem and inundation depth, fundamental characteristics of relationship between inundation flow velocity and inundation depth are examined. Velocity coefficient Cv (= where g is gravitational acceleration, hf and hr are inundation depths at the front and the back of structure such as a rectangular building with vertical walls respectively) implicitly included in the relationship is examined through steady flow experiments. As the result, Cv0.6 is recommended as its simple and practical value. By using the relationship and Cv0.6, two simple and practical relationships are presented for two cases where inundation flow velocity exerts the largest or the smallest fluid force on structures. Fundamental characteristics of waterline (tsunami-trace) distribution around a square pillar model are also examined through steady flow experiments. Examples of tsunami-trace distribution around building in the 2009 Samoa Earthquake tsunami are presented, and compared with those by steady flow experiments. It is confirmed through the comparison and examination that the tsunami-trace distributions around buildings by the field survey are consistent with those by the steady flow experiments and contain information such as inundation flow direction, velocity and fluid force at the maximum incident inundation depth, and strength of buildings. Variation coefficient C.V. of inundation flow velocity caused by the measured point difference at the front and the back of building is also examined. In addition, based on the above results of inundation flow velocity, the existing simple and practical judgment criterion for the degree of damage to buildings is re-examined, and it is confirmed that newly proposed judgment criterion for the degree of damage to wooden buildings is consistent with the tsunami fragility curve for Japanese wooden buildings by Koshimura et al.
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Margineda, Carlos A., Ernesto Odriozola, Ana Rita Moreira, Germán Cantón, Juan Francisco Micheloud, Pedro Gardey, Maximiliano Spetter, and Carlos M. Campero. "Atypical actinobacillosis in bulls in Argentina: granulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33, no. 1 (January 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2013000100001.
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Actinobacillosis is a common cause of sporadic infection in cattle. It was mostly characterized as a pyogranulomatous inflammation of the tongue, but also soft tissues as lymph nodes, other digestive tract localization and skin. The aim of this study was to describe an episode of granulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis affecting a bull herd in Argentina during 2010. Actinobacillus lignieresii was isolated from samples collected from one of the affected bulls, and characteristic lesions were observed. Lesions other than 'wooden tongue' are usually uncommon; however, actinobacillosis should be included as a differential diagnosis for cutaneous diseases.
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Hamon, Martin, Nicolas Barthelemy, Geraldine Bolen, and Stephanie Claeys. "Thoracic sinus tract secondary to a wooden skewer penetrating the vertebral canal in a dog." Veterinary Record Case Reports 3, no. 1 (September 2015): e000220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vetreccr-2015-000220.
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Atahan, Ali O. "A recommended specification for recycled content guardrail posts." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 31, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l03-092.
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In this paper, results of an experimental study aimed to assess the suitability of a recycled content guardrail post as a substitute for conventional wooden guardrail post are presented. A series of static and dynamic tests performed on the recycled content guardrail posts show that the strength and energy dissipation of recycled posts are comparable to those of conventional wooden guardrail post. A full-scale crash test, using a 2000-kg pickup truck traveling at 100 km/h and making contact at a 25° angle, is also performed on the recycled content plastic-post W-beam guardrail system to evaluate its strength and structural adequacy. The barrier performed acceptably for National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) report 350 test designation 3-11. Results of the crash test show that the recycled content guardrail post and W-beam guardrail can successfully contain and redirect an errant vehicle, and they can be a potential substitute for nationally used guardrail posts. Finally, a recommended specification is developed for the recycled content guardrail posts based on a series of test procedures and performance levels.Key words: recycled plastics, roadside safety, crash test, guardrail post, strong-post guardrail system, recommended specifications, NCHRP report 350.
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Dodge, William B., and Daniel M. Kashian. "Recent Distribution of Coyotes Across an Urban Landscape in Southeastern Michigan." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 4, no. 2 (September 1, 2013): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/062013-jfwm-040.
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Abstract Human–wildlife interactions in urban areas are widely reported by ecologists to be the result of human encroachment on wildlife habitat. Highly mobile species, however, have been documented by both wildlife biologists and casual observers to occupy areas heavily populated by humans. Range expansion and population growth of coyotes (Canis latrans) has led to their increased presence in metropolitan Detroit, Michigan, where poor economic conditions over the last several decades have resulted in the reversion of numerous recreational areas and abandoned parcels to more wooded or vegetated conditions that have provided potential wildlife habitat. We performed an extensive survey for coyote evidence (i.e., carcasses, den sites, scats, sightings, or tracks) across metropolitan Detroit to examine distribution across both the general region and specific land cover types. We found 58% of all coyote evidence on unpaved trails, paths, and unimproved roads within edge habitats (e.g., grassland adjacent to urban non-vegetative land cover), with den sites and tracks the only types of evidence found strictly in interior habitats. Land cover around evidence points included more wooded land cover than expected in suburban areas, suggesting the importance of tree cover for coyote occupancy, and more open space and wooded land cover than expected in urban areas, highlighting the coyotes' avoidance of heavily populated areas. We speculate that habitat characterized by tree cover has likely never been limiting within metropolitan Detroit, and that reoccupation of southeastern Michigan by coyotes is more likely a consequence of expanding coyote populations outside of suburban and urban areas rather than newly available habitat resulting from land cover change.
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Amagloh, Francis Kweku, Sampson Alhassan, George Nyarko, Richard Atinpoore Atuna, Edward Ewing Carey, and Jan W. Low. "Packaging containers for long-distance transport of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam] storage roots in Ghana." Open Agriculture 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 596–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2018-0063.
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Abstract Two proposed containers (50 kg-polypropylene sack and 50 kg-wooden crate) were compared with existing packaging containers (100 kg-polypropylene and jute sacks) to transport sweetpotato storage roots from major aggregation sites to distant urban market centers. The extent of breaks, bruises and the impacts, incurred by storage roots packaged in the different containers, were assessed. Additionally, at the urban market centers, the visual quality of the transported storage roots was evaluated by both aggregators and consumers. The benefit cost ratio (BCR) for each of packaging options was calculated to ascertain their profitability for sweetpotato roots transportation. The existing polypropylene/jute sacks resulted in significant major breakages in both years (p = 0.028, 0.016) after transportation for the Afram Plains-Accra route in truck. The donkey-driven carts or tricycles used for the Bawku-Bitou route did not show any significant (p > 0.05) influence on the storage roots contained in the existing polypropylene/jute sacks. The average impact recorded at both loading and offloading sites was significantly different (13.4 - 19.3 g vs. 0 - 30.0 g; p = 0.045) for all the containers. The proposed 50 kg-woodencrate had a significantly superior (mean rank of 127; p < 0.0001) visual quality compared with the other packages. All the packaging options showed profitability, because they had a BCR > 1.40, except for the 50 kg-wooden-crate. The 50 kg-polypropylene container delivered better quality roots to urban market centers than the existing packaging containers, and was more profitable than the 50 kg-wooden crates. The 50 kg-polypropylene container is recommended for the transport of sweetpotato storage roots in Ghana.
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Office, Editorial. "Audit Research Summaries." Maandblad Voor Accountancy en Bedrijfseconomie 90, no. 4 (April 14, 2016): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/mab.90.31288.
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Zoals aangekondigd in de Editorial van het januari/februari nummer, zullen wij regelmatig enkele “Audit Research Summaries” (ARS) uit de database van de American Accounting Association in het MAB opnemen (www.auditingresearchsummaries.org). Dat audit research actueel en belangrijk is blijkt uit de uitnodiging die in februari 2016 onder audit onderzoekers is verspreid door de Foundation for Auditing Research (FAR, (http://www.foundationforauditingresearch. org). In de uitnodiging wordt opgeroepen onderzoeksvoorstellen in te dienen. Voorwaarden zijn onder andere dat onderzoekers een gedegen track-record hebben, met andere woorden gepubliceerd hebben in gerenommeerde internationale tijdschriften en ten minste een van de onderzoekers geaffilieerd is met een Nederlandse universiteit.
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Sicking, Dean L., John R. Rohde, and John D. Reid. "Design and Development of Steel Breakaway Posts." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1720, no. 1 (January 2000): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1720-07.
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The current generation of NCHRP Report 350-compliant guardrail terminals all use wooden breakaway posts in the terminal section. The first two end posts are typically breakaway cable terminal posts inserted into steel foundation tubes that are joined with a ground strut to provide the anchorage capacity. Wood is readily available and inexpensive, but it also has many drawbacks. The quality of the wood and the associated breaking forces vary widely. The strength of a wooden post is affected by many factors, including post size, ring density, knot location and size, cracks and checks, species, and moisture content. Results are presented of an effort to design and develop steel breakaway posts for guardrail terminals. The breakaway steel post system described has been successfully tested for use in a tangent terminal. The post exhibited consistent strength for redirection impacts and failed at very low loads during head-on impacts. The breakaway steel post actually improved the redirective performance of the SKT-350 during a 2020-kg (4,450-lb) pickup truck impact at the beginning of the length of need. These breakaway steel posts have been shown to meet NCHRP Report 350 performance criteria and should provide highway agencies with an alternative where wood posts are unacceptable.