Relevant bibliographies by topics / Woodchips

Academic literature on the topic 'Woodchips'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Woodchips"

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Ghane, Ehsan, Gary W. Feyereisen, Carl J. Rosen, and Ulrike W. Tschirner. "Carbon Quality of Four-Year-Old Woodchips in a Denitrification Bed Treating Agricultural Drainage Water." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 3 (2018): 995–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12642.

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Abstract. A denitrification bed is a system that can reduce the nitrate concentration in subsurface drainage water. There is a need to investigate the carbon quality of old woodchips to gain a better understanding of the effect of age on woodchip properties. The objectives of this study were to characterize the carbon quality and carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio of aged woodchips and to examine the suitability of a denitrification bed for a replicated experiment. To achieve these goals, we excavated four-year-old woodchips along the length of a 106.4 m long denitrification bed near Willmar, Minnesota, and analyzed them for particle size, C/N ratio, and carbon quality. Particle size analysis showed similarities from 12.5 to 106.4 m along the bed. We found a mean C/N ratio ranging from 58.4 ±3.17 to 153.4 ±9.57 (smallest at the inlet). The mean lignocellulose index (LCI, a measure of carbon quality) of the four-year-old woodchips ranged from 0.47 to 0.57 (highest at the inlet). The woodchip particle sizes, C/N ratios, and LCI from 25.9 to 106.4 m along the bed length were similar. In conclusion, the C/N ratio and LCI of the four-year-old woodchips showed effects of decomposition and increased woodchip carbon recalcitrance over time, respectively. Keywords: Denitrifying bioreactor, Tile drainage, Water quality, Woodchip bioreactor.
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Yu, Liu, Yong Dong He, and Yu Feng Du. "Research on the Mechanism and Microstructure of an Al-Ti-C Parent Alloy Prepared Using the Villiaumite–Woodchip Method." Materials Science Forum 960 (June 2019): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.960.30.

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X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to study the microstructure and properties of an Al-Ti-C parent alloy prepared using the villiaumite–woodchip method. The synthesis process of the Al-Ti-C parent alloy prepared using the villiaumite–woodchip method and aluminum liquid had the following stages: The first stage was the formation of titanium aluminum by titanium being displaced from the reaction between aluminum and villiaumite. The second stage was the dehydration and carbonization reactions of the woodchips at high temperatures. The third stage involved titanium aluminum, carbon aluminum, and titanium carbon compounds constitute the Al-Ti-C parent alloy with a refined effect water and carbon dioxide, which were the cracking products of the woodchips, reacted with aluminum to produce alumina and hydrogen, which accumulated in the grain boundary in the form of slag-gas pockets.
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Uusi-Kämppä, Jaana, Aaro Närvänen, Janne Kaseva, and Håkan Jansson. "Phosphorus and faecal bacteria in runoff from horse paddocks and their mitigation by the addition of P-sorbing materials." Agricultural and Food Science 21, no. 3 (September 28, 2012): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.6510.

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The growing popularity of horse keeping is accompanied by an increase of phosphorus (P) and faecal micro-organisms from outdoor paddocks. We used an indoor rainfall simulation to monitor concentrations of dissolved reactive P (DRP) and faecal coliforms in runoff and percolation water from different paddock footings. Drainage water was also monitored from two paddocks constructed of woodchips. Sand retained more DRP (p<0.0001) and coliforms from percolation water than woodchips. Some of the footings were amended with P-sorbing materials, such as [Ca(OH)2], [Fe2(SO4)3], or Fe-gypsum, to retain DRP. High DRP concentrations (17–18 mg l-1) were observed in runoff from a woodchip footing amended earlier with Ca(OH)2 and in sand footing amended with CaCO3. However, application of Fe-gypsum to woodchips decreased the DRP load in percolation water by 83% compared to the footing without Fe-gypsum. Fe compounds were better than Ca compounds. The decrease in coliforms was usually small due to the modest pH changes in the water.
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de Ramos, Rocky Marius, Michael Lochinvar S. Abundo, and Evelyn B. Taboada. "Life Cycle Assessment of Secondary Mangrove Forest in Bintuni Bay,West Papua, Indonesia." Current World Environment 12, no. 3 (December 25, 2017): 616–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.12.3.13.

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The life cycle assessment is conducted in order to assess the impact of mangrove woodchip production in Bintuni bay, West Papua Indonesia on the environment. Study includes the analysis of non-renewable energy use (MJ), global warming potential or carbon footprint (kg CO2), acidification potential (kg SO2) and ozone creation potential (kg O3) of mangrove logging, processing and shipment. Mangrove woodchip production consumes 960 MJ of non-renewable energy and gives out 59.59 kg CO2, .383 kg SO2 and 30.39 kg O3, which is the lowest in comparison with other wood products. Mangrove processing incur less fuel because it is delivered in bulk to the processing area via barges in comparison to other wood products The current shipping of mangrove woodchips to customers has the greatest environmental impact because of the use of bunker fuel. The processing of mangrove woodchips used diesel exclusively for fuel in its power sources. Forest residues from logging can be a source of renewable fuel and may also be another source of new products.
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Souček, J. "Moulds occurrence in woodchips." Research in Agricultural Engineering 60, No. 4 (November 27, 2014): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/50/2013-rae.

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The research, whose results are presented, is aimed at determination of development of moulds number in wood chips under different storage temperatures. The experiments were carried out with the moisture of samples 65%, 22% and 1%. During the long-term storage the effect of water content in material on development of moulds can be recorded. The risks linked to mould occurrence can be considerably eliminated by reduction of water content. &nbsp;
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Povilaitis, Arvydas, Aurelija Rudzianskaite, Stefanija Miseviciene, Valerijus Gasiunas, Otilija Miseckaite, and Ina Živatkauskiene. "Efficiency of Drainage Practices for Improving Water Quality in Lithuania." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 1 (2018): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12271.

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Abstract. Artificial drainage is a common agricultural practice in Lithuania. In this country, the total drained land area occupies 47% of the total land area and 87% of the agricultural land area. Therefore, this article presents recent research findings on agricultural drainage in Lithuania related to the practices designed to reduce nutrient, i.e., nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), losses from the soil via tile drainage and transport in open drains. Temporal changes in tile drainage flow over the last four decades are also discussed in this article. The results from experiments with controlled drainage practices in Lithuania showed promise. Compared to conventional drainage, controlled drainage reduced inorganic N by 42% to 77% and reduced total P by 34% to 72%. The reduced loads were the result of reduced drainage outflow. Moreover, research on the effects of additives in drainage trench backfills showed that woodchips, chopped straw, and lime additives mixed in the drainage trench backfill led to reductions in NO3-N concentrations of 78%, 69%, and 52%, respectively, in the drainage water. The addition of lime to drainage trench backfill reduced PO4-P concentrations in the drainage water by 39%, while woodchips and chopped straw increased the concentrations by 11% and 22%, respectively. It was determined that NO3-N in the drainage water was removed most effectively by woodchips and that PO4-P was removed most effectively by the addition of lime. The experiments with reactive filter materials used as in-ditch measures to remove phosphorus showed that the filter materials can be ranked as follows based on their P removal efficiencies: Polonite &gt; slag &gt; Filtralite-P &gt; dolomite chips. Polonite had an advantage over the other tested materials due to its higher porosity, low sensitivity to clogging, and greater permeability. Laboratory-scale experiments using denitrification bioreactors filled with three types of woodchips (deciduous, coniferous, and mixed) showed no significant differences in NO3-N removal efficiency among the three materials. However, the tests showed that woodchip media are capable of achieving higher NO3-N removal rates due to higher flow rates. Therefore, better optimization and proper evaluation of the effects of hydraulic retention time are needed to improve the design of denitrifying woodchip bioreactors. Keywords: Agricultural drainage, Controlled drainage, Denitrifying bioreactors, Drainage trench backfills, In-ditch filters.
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Omori, Natsuki. "Global Woodchips Supply/Demand." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 73, no. 8 (2019): 705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.73.705.

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von Ahnen, Mathis, Per Bovbjerg Pedersen, and Johanne Dalsgaard. "Nitrate removal from aquaculture effluents using woodchip bioreactors improved by adding sulfur granules and crushed seashells." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 9 (April 3, 2018): 2301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.148.

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Abstract This study examined the effects on nitrate removal when adding sulfur granules and crushed seashells to a woodchip bioreactor treating aquaculture effluents. Using a central composite design, the two components were added at three levels (0.000, 0.125 and 0.250 m3/m3 bioreactor volume) to 13 laboratory-scale woodchip bioreactors, and a response surface method was applied to find and model the optimal mixture ratios with respect to reactor performance. Adding 0.125 m3/m3 sulfur granules improved the total N removal rate from 3.27 ± 0.38 to 8.12 ± 0.49 g N/m3/d compared to pure woodchips. Furthermore, the inclusion of crushed seashells together with sulfur granules helped to maintain the pH above 7.4 and prevent a production (i.e., release) of nitrite. According to the modeled response surfaces, a sulfur granule:crushed seashell:woodchip mixture ratio containing about 0.2 m3 sulfur granules and 0.1 m3 crushed seashells per m3 reactor volume would give the best results with respect to high N removal and minimal nitrite release. In conclusion, the study showed that N removal in woodchip bioreactors may be improved by adding sulfur granules and seashells, contributing to the optimization of woodchip performance in treating aquaculture effluents.
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Hansen, N. E., D. M. Vietor, C. L. Munster, R. H. White, and T. L. Provin. "Runoff and Nutrient Losses from Constructed Soils Amended with Compost." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/542873.

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Composted organic materials used to stabilize roadside embankments in Texas promote rapid revegetation of soils disturbed by construction activities. Yet, adding compost to soil may increase total and soluble plant nutrients available for loss in runoff water. Composted municipal biosolids and dairy manure products were applied to soils in Texas according to prescribed Texas Department of Transportation specifications for stabilizing roadside soils. The specifications included a method for incorporating compost into soils prior to seeding or applying a compost and woodchip mix over a disturbed soil and then seeding. Applying compost and woodchips over the soil surface limited sediment losses (14 to 32 fold decrease) compared to incorporating compost into the soil. Yet, the greatest total phosphorus and nitrogen losses in runoff water occurred from soils where the compost and woodchip mix was applied. The greatest losses of soluble phosphorus also occurred when the compost and woodchip mix was applied. In contrast, nitrate-nitrogen losses in runoff were similar when compost was incorporated in the soil or applied in the woodchip mix. Compost source affected the nutrient losses in runoff. While the composted municipal biosolids added greater nutrient loads to the soil, less nutrient loss in runoff occurred.
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Wickramarathne, Niranga M., Richard A. Cooke, Ruth Book, and Laura E. Christianson. "Denitrifying Woodchip Bioreactor Leachate Tannic Acid and True Color: Lab and Field Studies." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 6 (2020): 1747–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14020.

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HighlightsOak leached more tannic acid, true color, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) than ash and mixed hardwood chips.The factors became similar (tannic acid, COD) or below stream levels (true color) after flushing.Eleven site-years of field bioreactor data showed decreasing tannic acid and true color over time.Post-startup tannic acid was lower in bioreactor outflow than in area streams.True color did not appear to be a reliable indicator of leachate tannic acid at low concentrations.Abstract. Woodchips have been a preferred denitrifying bioreactor medium to date, but concerns about potential harmful effects of tannins in the leachate have precluded the use of oak chips in many installations. A study was conducted to compare the suitability of oak (genus Quercus) woodchips as a denitrifying bioreactor medium relative to other types of woodchips, both in lab leachate tests and in the context of observed bioreactor leaching in the field. Assessment measures included the content of tannic acid and other compounds in the leachate, as well as leachate color, which can often be high during startup. An 84-day leaching test using rectangular bioreactor cells filled with either oak (Quercus rubra), ash (Fraxinus spp. L.), or a generic hardwood blend showed that oak initially leached higher concentrations of tannic acid, true color, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) than the other two media. The significant differences in leached concentrations among the three wood types were eliminated after a finite leaching period. Tannic acid and true color in 11 site-years of field bioreactor outflow data generally decreased over time, except following a dry period when one of the bioreactors received no drainage inflow for more than two months. The lab and field results indicated the capability of woodchip bioreactors to flush at least these two analytes to ambient stream levels. True color did not appear to be the best parameter for estimating the tannin content of woodchip leachate due to discrepancies at low concentrations. Mass normalized tannic acid leaching ranged from 0.03 to approximately 40 mg tannic acid g-1 woodchip across the lab and field assessments. Oak initially leached more tannic acid, color, and COD than the other wood types, but the eventual similarity among the wood types after flushing with a sufficient number of pore volumes meant that any potentially negative environmental impacts would likely be limited to the startup period or possibly after dry periods. Oak initially eluted higher mean total nitrogen (TN) concentrations than the other wood types, but the treatments were not significantly different by day 3, indicating that biological N removal was not significantly inhibited, even with high concentrations of tannic acid. Keywords: Chemical oxygen demand, Oak, Tannin, Water quality, Wood leachate.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Woodchips"

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Ajmani, Manu. "Sorption of veterinary antibiotics to woodchips." Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13169.

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Master of Science
Department of Civil Engineering
Alok Bhandari
In the upper Midwest, subsurface tile drainage water is a major contributor of nitrate (NO[subscript]3–N) coming from fertilizers and animal manure. Movement of NO[subscript]3-N through tile drainage into streams is a major concern as it can cause eutrophication and hypoxia conditions, as in the Gulf of Mexico. Denitrifying bioreactors is one of the pollution control strategies to treat contaminated tile drainage water. These bioreactors require four conditions which are: 1) organic carbon source, 2) anaerobic conditions, 3) denitrifying bacteria and 4) influent NO[subscript]3-N. This research focuses on investigating fate of veterinary antibiotics in woodchips commonly used in in-situ reactors. Tylosin (TYL) and sulfamethazine (SMZ) are two veterinary antibiotics which are most commonly used in the United States and can be found in tile water after manure is land applied. Partition coefficients of TYL and SMZ on wood were determined by sorption experiments using fresh woodchips and woodchips from an in situ reactor. It was concluded that the woodchips were an effective means to sorb the veterinary antibiotics leached into the tile water after application of animal manure. Linear partition coefficients were calculated and phase distribution relationships were established for both the chemicals. The fresh woodchips gave inconclusive data but predictions could be made by the information determined in the experiments using woodchips from a ten year old woodchip bioreactor. Desorption was also studied and the likelihood of desorption was predicted using the Apparent Hysteresis Index. Overall, it was found that the old woodchips allowed for quick sorption of both antibiotics. It was also found that SMZ had reversible sorption on old woodchips. Thus, it was concluded that the woodchip bioreactor would not be effective for removal of veterinary antibiotics from tile drainage. More research is required for the fate of TYL and to confirm the conclusion.
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Mohamed, M. "Fluidised bed gasification and pyrolysis of woodchips." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21074/.

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The work presented in this thesis includes experimental investigation using a basic fluidised bed to gasify woodchips and cold modelling studies to improve the fluid bed reactor dynamics incorporating bed internals, such as draft tubes and jets. Low grade fuel gas was produced from woodchips as feedstock, in a 154 mm i/d fluidised bed as the main experimental part of the project using air as the gasifying medium. The influence of a number of process variables on the gasification process were studied including fuel feedrates, temperatures and bed heights, with respect to their effects on quality and quantity of the fuel gas produced. It was found that fuel gas of about 6 MJ/Nm3 can be obtained with temperatures in excess of 700 °c and with fuel feedrates in excess of 3.5 times stoichiometric. The process also benefitted from increasing the static bed heights of the fluidised bed, which was due to the better separation of the combustion and gasification zones. The cold modelling studies coducted using a 2-D glass model employing a draft tube a nd jet system, and using a novel photographic technique produced more realistic data. This showed that both the systems in question produced induced recirculation rates which can be controlled by the process variables such as bed height, bed and jet velocities. Further studies employing these systems for biomass conversion should prove that a better fuel gas quality and quantity can be achieved. In addition a variety of feedstocks can be utilised using the same reactor configuration.
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Wade, James Patrick. "Biotic and Abiotic Remediation of Acetaminophen with Woodchip and Biochar-amended Woodchip Adsorbents." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64157.

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Pharmaceuticals and personal care products found in the environment pose a significant hazard to human and ecosystem health. While there has been significant work on the fate and remediation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewater treatment, relatively little work has explored the fate, transport and remediation of these compounds in non-point source input. This is concerning given the increasing use of pharmaceuticals in livestock production and wastewater treatment derived biosolids frequently applied to land. These experiments aimed to quantify the abiotic adsorption and biotic transformation and uptake potential of woodchips and biochar-amended woodchips as a potential sorbent strategy for diffuse acetaminophen (ACT) pollution. Batch reactions were created in triplicate, supplied with 5 mM ACT, and analyzed over an eight hr period using ultraviolet spectrophotometry (298 nm). Ultraviolet absorbance readings for each time step then were compared to standard curves and solution ACT concentration was determined. Decreases in ACT from initial concentrations were the result of either abiotic and/or biotic. Overall, the woodchips and biochar-amended woodchips showed similar removal efficiency (16-21% of initial concentration). Whole model ANOVA analysis showed biologic activity having no significant effect on ACT solution concentration. However, within group ANOVA comparison showed significant differences between abiotic and biotic WC and abiotic and biotic WC treatments (controlling for media). Thus, the media effect could have masked the effect of biology on ACT removal. Species capable of degrading ACT exist and further study into their ability to grow and survive on these sorbents requires further work.
Master of Science
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Neupane, Binod. "Incorporating Biodiversity Impact into Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Woodchips for Bioethanol Production." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2011. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/NeupaneB2011.pdf.

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Pan, Ji-ning. "The modelling and validation of one dimensional storage drying of woodchips for fuel." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294142.

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Since wood fuel when used sustainably provides an energy source that does not contribute to greenhouse warming, its use in future is likely to increase. Contractors prefer to chip trees and residues green to minimise power required and machinery wear. For non-specialised combustion systems the green woodchips should then be dried to increase their calorific value and to allow buffer storage without significant dry matter loss or the development of hazardous fungal spores. As the drying of wood chips has never been rigorously defined, a study was undertaken to determine the drying characteristics of green woodchips. A drying bin was built to simulate storage drying in one dimension. Data from three drying runs using spruce and birch whole tree provided data to validate a one-dimensional heat and mass transfer drying model converted from an existing grain drying routine. The specific energy consumption varied from 2.0 MJ/kg of moisture removed using unheated air during summer drying to 5.0 MH/kg during winter when dried with air warmed by 28°C. Dry matter loss in birch during drying and a period of two months cool storage was approximately 2%. Mean evaporation rate ranged from 1.9 kg/h in winter to 2.9 kg/h in summer. This gave a drying rate of 1% and 2.2% per day, inwinter and summer respectively. Hardwoodbirch released its moisture more readily than softwood Sitkaspruce. Airflow rates used ranged from 0.26-0.63 m3/s pertonne of dry matter. The dust levels on the woodchips ranged from 3.0 mg/m3 ofair before drying up to 55 mg/m3 of air after drying. The concentrations of colony forming units on woodchips ranged from2.0 X 104 cfu/m3 of air before drying up to 8.0 X 105cfu/m3 of air after drying.
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Ettema, William Dirk. "Alternative tile intake design for intensively managed agro-ecosystems." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1451.

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The overarching objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness and performance of ATIs. In doing so, this research provides a fundamental understanding of the flow and sediment propagation through a different combination of porous media (pea gravel and woodchips). The research hypothesizes that the theory of advection and diffusion describes the migration of flow and identifies a myriad of depositional networks of sediment. A key hypothesis of the study is that global and local pressure differentiation affects the flow pathways and distribution with intimate effects of sediment trapping efficiency and distribution within the permeameter. A significant goal of this study is to decompose the key mechanisms that affect this migration of sediment under a fixed value for the head and incoming concentration. The nature of the study is experimental and is supported by limited numerical and field analysis. Although the experimental setup is site specific to the conditions encountered in the study location, it offers a generic way of examining flow and sediment intrusion within a permeable bed. The study in that sense hypothesizes that the intrusion by Einstein is valid and it shows the change in the hydraulic gradient that occurs during an event and during a sequence of events. A secondary goal of this research is to understand the cyclicity in the migration of sediment in a sequence of different events, where the initial conditions of each run constitutes the outcome of the final result of the previous runs. The nature of those experiments is to mimic the occurrence of sequential events in nature, although the continuous examined in the laboratory as reflective of conditions representing extreme runs. This research also treats the hydraulic conductivity as a dynamic entity to reflect the effect of localized clogging on the propagation of flow. The experimental design of this research considers a series of experimental runs to address the aforementioned objectives of this research and test the posed hypothesis.
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Moberg, Mikhal. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED FILTER MEDIA TO REDUCE NITRATE AND ORTHOPHOSPHATE IN STORMWATER RUNOFF." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3677.

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Throughout Central Florida surface water and ground water are decreasing in quantity and quality in part because of excess Nitrate and Phosphorus nutrients. Stormwater runoff serves as a medium for transport of Nitrate and Phosphorus to surface water and ground water. The goal of this experiment is assess the Nitrate and Phosphorus removal in stormwater using select media. The results of a literature search, batch test experimentation and column test experimentation are used to determine an optimal media blend that may be implemented in detention ponds to reduce Nitrate and Phosphorus. The extensive literature search revealed 32 different media that may be used to remove Nitrate and Phosphorus. Each potential media was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated based on 5 criteria: 1) relevance, 2) permeability, 3) cost, 4) availability in Florida, and 5) additional environmental benefit. The top 7 performing media: Florida peat, sandy loam, woodchips, crushed oyster shell; crushed limestone, tire crumb and sawdust were selected for batch test experimentation. The aerobic conditions in batch test experimentation prohibited the growth of denitrifying bacteria, therefore media mixes were selected for column test experimentation based on Ammonia and Orthophosphate concentrations. Batch test experimentation showed the most effective media to be 50% sand, 30% tire crumb, 20% sawdust by weight (media mix 1) and 50% sand, 25% sawdust, 15% tire crumb, 10% limestone by weight (media mix 2). Media mix 1, media mix 2 and a control are tested in column test experimentation, where the control is site soil from Hunters Trace development in Ocala, Florida. Column test experimentation models a dry detention pond where water passes through a 48 inch unsaturated zone then a 48 inch saturated zone. To test Nitrate and Orthophosphate removal potential, pond water augmented with Nitrate (0.38, 1.26, 2.5 mg/L NO3-N) and Orthophosphate (0.125, 0.361, 0.785 mg/L PO4-P) was pumped into the columns. Media mix 1 and media mix 2 outperformed the control in both Nitrate and Orthophosphate removal. Media mix 1 and media mix 2 had Nitrate removal efficiencies ranging from 60% to 99% and the control had Nitrate removal efficiencies ranging from 38%-80%. Media mix 1 and media mix 2 averaged Orthophosphate removal efficiencies ranging from approximately 42% to 67%. For every run in every influent Orthophosphate concentration the saturated control added Orthophosphate to the water. The Nitrate and Orthophosphate removal performances for media mix 1 and media mix 2 could not be directly compared because of different influent saturated nutrient concentrations.
M.S.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engr MSEnvE
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Hlaváč, David. "Roštový kotel na spalování biomasy o parametrech páry 88 t / h, 9,6 MPa, 520°C." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232165.

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The thesis deals with steam boiler design of 88 tons per hour capacity and with the outlet steam parameters of 9,6 MPa and 520 °C. Fuel for boiler is wood chips. The main focus of the thesis is on heat calculation, design of dimensions and layout of heat surfaces. The thesis also include drawing of steam boiler.
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Kopeček, Marián. "Roštový kotel na spalování biomasy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241224.

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Hrnčířová, Michaela. "Návrh sušky na biomasu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229754.

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This thesis deals with reducing the moisture content of biomass drying and its subsequent use as biofuel. The work is a belt drying and its integration into the system with a grate boiler. It proposes a variety of drying options for use of different drying media. In the end, an economic evaluation of the combustion system uses a belt dryer, and a system without any possibility of drying the fuel before it enters the boiler.
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Books on the topic "Woodchips"

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Fallick, Cedric J. Kraft co-pulping of Eucalyptus marginata (Jarrah) and Pinus radiata woodchips. Melbourne: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Australia, 1987.

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Fallick, Cedric J. Properties of Eucalyptus marginata woodchips: Pulping, bleaching and black liquor studies. Melbourne: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Australia, 1985.

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Lindenmayer, David. Wildlife and woodchips: Leadbeater's possum : a test case for sustainable forestry. Sydney, NSW: UNSW Press, 1996.

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Fallick, Cedric J. Kraft pulping properties of mixtures of Eucalyptus calophylla (Marri)and Eucalyptus diversicolor (Karri) woodchips. Melbourne: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Australia, 1987.

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Casdorph, David G. Woodchip cars. Monrovia, CA: Society of Freight Car Historians, 1995.

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Small-commercial, woodchip combustion technology workshop (1987 Charlottetown P. E. I. ). Small-commercial woodchip combustion technology workshop. Ottawa: Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, 1987.

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Parker, Paul. Environmental and economic conflict: The Australian woodchip debate and policy options. London: Australian Studies Centre, Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London, 1988.

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McCormick, William A. The export woodchip industry of south east NSW: Major environmental issues. Barton, A.C.T: Dept. of the Parliamentary Library, 1986.

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Small-Commercial Woodchip Combustion Technology Workshop (1987 Charlottetown, P.E.I.). Small-Commercial Woodchip Combustion Technology Workshop, Charlottetown, P.E.I., Canada, May 25, 26, 27, 1987. [Ottawa?: s.n., 1987.

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Parker, Mike. Woodchips and Beans. Nimbus Publishing Ltd ,Canada, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Woodchips"

1

Ragland, Kenneth W., Danny J. Aerts, and Andrew J. Baker. "Pressurized Downdraft Combustion of Woodchips." In Research in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 744–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2737-7_56.

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Strehler, A. "Handling and Storage of Straw and Woodchips." In Biomass Energy, 190–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7879-2_27.

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Dar, Mehraj U. Din, Aamir Ishaq Shah, Syed Rouhullah Ali, and Shakeel Ahmad Bhat. "Woodchip Bioreactors for Nitrate Removal in Agricultural Land Drainage." In Agricultural Waste, 99–118. First edition.: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003105046-5.

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Palomo, M., A. Bhandari, H. Enriquez, and W. Rodriguez. "Natural Treatment of Surface Water and Groundwater with Woodchip Reactors." In ACS Symposium Series, 45–59. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2013-1123.ch004.

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Evald, Anders, and Henrik Houmann Jakobsen. "Flue Gas Condensing Systems at Woodchip Fired Heating Plants — Practical Experiences in Denmark." In Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 675–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1336-6_52.

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Penna, Ian. "The Eden woodchip scheme and its implications for forest fauna: a political ecology perspective." In Conservation of Australia's Forest Fauna, 63–80. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2004.007.

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Kaewluan, Sommas, Janewit Wannapeera, and Suneerat Pipatmanomai. "Characteristics of Products from Rubber Woodchip Gasification in a Fluidised-Bed Reactor: Effect of Equivalent Ratio." In Challenges of Power Engineering and Environment, 1261–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76694-0_236.

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Mortensen, Zane, Jennifer Kato, John Silveus, Alyza Valdez, Sylveen Hall, Kirstyn Nimmers, and Arlene L. Maki Haffa. "Isolation of Microbial Populations with the Ability To Use Pesticides as a Sole Carbon Source in Multichannel Woodchip Bioreactors under a Controlled Environment." In Pesticides in Surface Water: Monitoring, Modeling, Risk Assessment, and Management, 475–89. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1308.ch024.

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"Q23 Gravel/Hoggin/Woodchip Roads/Pavings." In Spon's External Works and Landscape Price Book 2014, 255–59. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482264357-64.

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"Q23 Gravel/Hoggin/Woodchip Roads/Pavings." In Spon's External Works and Landscape Price Book 2013, 244–48. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15276-68.

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Conference papers on the topic "Woodchips"

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Sangtongam, K., and A. K. Gupta. "Kinetics of Biomass and Waste During Pyrolysis and Steam Gasification." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49376.

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High temperature pyrolysis and steam gasification of paper and yellow pine woodchips have been investigated in a batch type flow reactor at defined temperatures in the range of 700°C to 900°C and known molar ratio of steam to feedstock. The initial weight loss of the material during both pyrolysis and gasification was found to be similar thus revealing that material initially undergoes pyrolysis. The weight loss increased with increase in gasification temperature and retention time during both pyrolysis and gasification. The char yield decreased with increase in reaction time due to thermal decomposition of the material and the progress in char reactions during the gasification process. The yield of char decreased with increase in the reaction temperature from low temperature of 700°C to high temperature of 900°C at any residence time in the reactor. The weight remaining from the gasification of paper was lower than that from woodchips initially but at longer residence times the paper showed higher weight remaining than woodchips because of higher mineral matter and fixed carbon in paper than woodchips. The presence of higher volatile matters in paper was easily released from structure when compared with the volatile matters of woodchips at low temperatures. The Arrhenius’s plots obtained from the weight loss data of the sample during gasification at different temperatures was used to obtain the activation energy. The activation energy for steam gasification of woodchips and paper were found to be 117.2 and 69.6 kJ/mol, respectively while the pre-frequency factor for woodchips and paper were found to be 10,029 and 3.2 s−1, respectively. The specific rate for steam gasification of woodchips and paper was compared by the Arrhenius plot. The results showed higher specific steam gasification rate of woodchips than paper at all the temperatures examined. It is conjectured that higher porosity of wood chips favors faster reaction rate because of the increased surface area for devolatilization and reaction. The biomass and wastes are good source of renewable fuels to produce hydrogen or liquid fuels using controlled steam gasification for minimum char and residue by utilizing the most desirable conditions favorable for gasification. The kinetics data assists in the modeling and simulation to provide aid in the development design tools for practical implementation.
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Nunes, L. J. R., J. C. O. Matias, and J. P. S. Catalao. "Characterization of biomass woodchips as fuel for industrial boilers." In 2016 51st International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/upec.2016.8114134.

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Ahmed, Islam, Nimit Nipattummakul, and Ashwani Gupta. "Evolution of Syngas from Co-Gasification of Polyethylene and Woodchips." In 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-6509.

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Guilvaiee, Bahareh Hassanpour, Tammo Steenhuis, and Larry Geohring. "WOODCHIPS BARRIERS FOR ATRAZINE AND NITRATE REMOVAL; EFFECT OF BIOCHAR AMENDMENT." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-321886.

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Wongchai, Warakhom, Woravit Insuan, and Anucha Promwungkwa. "Energy and Economic Analysis of Eucalyptus Plantation for Woodchips Production in Thailand." In 2018 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for Sustainable Development (ICUE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/icue-gesd.2018.8635730.

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Yan, Jing, Wenbiao Zhang, and Yong Yan. "Measurement of the Moisture Content in Woodchips Through Capacitive Sensing and Data Driven Modelling." In 2020 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc43012.2020.9129280.

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Suthar, Kerul, Jin Wang, Zhihua Jiang, and Q. Peter He. "Using Channel State Information for Estimating Moisture Content in Woodchips via 5 GHz Wi-Fi *." In 2020 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc45564.2020.9147458.

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Hassanpour, Bahareh, Christian David Guzman, Larry D. Geohring, and Tammo S. Steenhuis. "<i>Removing Atrazine from agricultural drainage water using woodchips bioreactors; effect of biochar amendment</i>." In 2017 Spokane, Washington July 16 - July 19, 2017. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.201701525.

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Emmerson, Vaughn M., and Gerardo Diaz. "Experimental Characterization of a Small-Scale Downdraft Gasifier for Biomass Waste." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37392.

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Biomass is essentially organic garbage obtained from many sources of dead or live vegetation including yard waste. According to recent data, approximately sixty million bone dry tons of biomass are produced in California each year [1]. Of this, only five million tons are used for the generation of electricity. At a global scale, 8700 Tg of biomass (dry matter) were burned without energy recovery in 1991. This number has increased especially in developing countries with the main sources being the savannas, agricultural waste, tropical forests, and fuel wood. Inefficient burning of waste, through combustion in open-air or in open dumps are a significant source of pollutants leading to possible health effects. An alternative to open air combustion is gasification, which involves the conversion of biomass to generate synthesis gas (syngas) by adding heat and limited amounts of oxygen. Several gasifying agents can be utilized, but air is commonly used in small-scale gasifiers. The use of air causes a large molar fraction of nitrogen in the syngas composition. This papers shows the experimental results obtained with a commercially available small-scale downdraft gasifier. Woodchips obtained from a nearby landfill are used as input to the gasifier and temperatures, flow rates, and syngas composition are reported and analyzed.
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Chamra, Louay M., Pedro J. Mago, Nick Stone, and Jason Oliver. "Micro-CHP (Cooling, Heating, and Power): Not Just Scaled Down CHP." In ASME 2006 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2006-88076.

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The paper will introduce the research community to the Mississippi Micro-CHP (Cooling, Heating, and Power) and Bio-fuel Center, a unique research, demonstration and education center combining the resources and expertise from Mississippi State University Engineering, Agriculture, and the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES). The center is a vertically integrated program to study and demonstrate the entire bio-fuel utilization cycle from “woodchips to micro-CHPs”: feedstock production, conversion to bio-fuel/biogas, conversion to onsite electrical power, and utilization of the resulting waste heat to provide the site’s cooling and heating needs. The “micro” designates a focus on residential, small commercial and rural applications. The coupling of micro-CHP with bio-fuels has to do with addressing regional and demographic consideration of successful micro-CHP implementation as opposed to a one-strategy-fits-all approach. The paper will contrast characteristics of residential and small commercial establishments versus commercial/industrial CHP systems and form a list of desirable characteristics for micro-CHP components and overall micro-CHP system design. Based on these evaluations, future research plans for the Center will be suggested. Another factor that will be stressed is that Micro-CHP will best be utilized if designed as part of a whole building system. The characteristics of the building are as important as the characteristics of the equipment, and both should be designed to work together synergistically.
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Reports on the topic "Woodchips"

1

Wang, Uen-Ping David. Adsorption of Sulfur Dioxide on Douglas Fir Woodchips. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1558.

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Kiran Kadam, PhD. The Fractionation of Loblolly Pine Woodchips Into Pulp For Making Paper Products. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/896388.

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Kadam, Kiran L. ,. PhD, and Jian Jiang. The Fractionation of Loblolly Pine Woodchips into Pulp Used for Making Paper Products. Test accounts, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/895358.

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Ragland, K. W., and D. J. Aerts. 100 Hour test of the pressurized woodchip-fired gravel bed combustor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/64186.

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Moorman, B. Ground penetrating radar investigations of woodchip covered slopes along the Norman Wells pipeline. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/194083.

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Truck driver suffocates when engulfed while clearing jammed woodchips being unloaded from an open top trailer with a movable floor unloading system - Massachusetts. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface08ma001.

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