Journal articles on the topic 'Wood forest sector'
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1
Mizaras, Stasys, Diana Mizaraite, Arvydas Lebedys, Aidas Pivoriunas, and Olgirda Belova. "Lithuania." Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 1, Special Edition 2 (February 1, 2005): 437–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37045/aslh-2005-0022.
Abstract:
In Lithuania forests occupy about 2 million hectares, it consists 31.3% of total land area. 32.2% of forests are privately owned. Annual removal is 6.5 million m³. The main production of the Lithuanian woodworking industry is sawn wood, furniture. Lithuanian forests are not only the source of wood products but also non- wood forest products such as berries, mushrooms, game etc. Forests are owned by 222.2 thousands private forest owners and 42 state forest enterprises. Forest industry consists 873 companies; most of there are SME’s. The main factors effecting the competitiveness of forest-wood /non-wood/servicesconsumer chain from the point of view of entrepreneurship in Lithuania: rich wood and non-wood products resources; low level of round wood prices;, favourable geographical location; low cost of labour; the possibilities to get financial support from EU funds. Barriers to entrepreneurship: low level of domestic market development for wood and non-wood products (especially for small-sized round wood); the small-scale private forestry; high transaction cost for entrepreneurship; low capital resources (GDP per capita is low; biggest part of consumption expenditures fall to food and housing); low level of investments and innovations; very weak integration of forest sector to rural development programmes; low knowledge of business establishment and management; weak connections between research and business. The main problems and research questions for enterprise development in the forest sector: domestic market development strategies; urban consumers demand for forest products and services, integration of forestry into rural development; clasterisation of wood working industry; social structure of small-scale private forest owners; conflicts resolutions of multipurpose forest utilisation.
2
Schwarzbauer, Peter, and Martin Braun. "Auswirkungen von Nutzungsrestriktionen auf die Wertschöpfungskette Holz – Beispiel Österreich." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 168, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2017.0041.
Abstract:
Impacts of harvest reductions on the value-added wood chain – the case of Austria Wooden biomass availability and the possibility of a scarcity due to a potential harvest reduction are of crucial importance to the Austrian forest-based sector but also relevant for decision makers in environmental policy. The simulation model of the Austrian forest-based sector (model: “Forst- und Holzwirtschaft”, FOHOW) was used to simulate two independent scenarios with harvest reduction in forests available for wood supply (FAWS). In one scenario the reductions are implemented on FAWS of “average” profitability, in the other scenario the reductions take place on FAWS with “poor” profitability. On the one hand, the aim of the study was the analysis of the impacts of reduced wood supply on the value-added wood chain until 2025, on the other hand the impact intensities of the two scenarios have been compared. In general, a harvest reduction resulting in less wood supply has a negative impact on the Austrian forest-based sector. While forestry and the sawmill industry suffer more from a harvest reduction in FAWS with average profitability (because of the lower supply of coniferous roundwood), a harvest reduction in FAWS with lower profitability would affect the panel and paper industry as well as the wood-based energy sector more negatively; reduced harvests in these forest areas would mainly reduce the supply of non-coniferous wood. This, in turn would fuel the competition between the use of wood for materials vs. energy and push pulp- and fuelwood prices up.
3
Maximo, Yasmin, Mariana Hassegawa, Pieter Johannes Verkerk, and André Missio. "Forest Bioeconomy in Brazil: Potential Innovative Products from the Forest Sector." Land 11, no. 8 (August 11, 2022): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081297.
Abstract:
The forest sector plays an important role in the circular bioeconomy due to its focus on renewable materials that can substitute fossil or greenhouse gas emissions-intensive materials, store carbon in bio-based products and provide ecosystem services. This study investigates the state of the bioeconomy in Brazil and its forest industry. Specifically, this study presents some examples of novel wood-based products being developed or manufactured in Brazil and discusses possible opportunities for the development of the country’s forest sector. The pulp and paper industry plays an important role in the forest sector. It has also been showing advancements in the development of cascading uses of wood invalue-added products, such as nanocrystalline cellulose, wood-based textile fibers, lignin-based products, and chemical derivatives from tall oil. Product and business diversification through the integration of the pulp and paper industry to biorefineries could provide new opportunities. Moreover, biochemicals derived from non-wood forest products, such as resin and tannins could promote diversification and competitiveness of the Brazilian forest industry. Although some engineered wood products are still a novelty in Brazil, the market for such products will likely expand in the future following the global trends in wood construction.
4
Jonsson, Ragnar. "How to cope with changing demand conditions — The Swedish forest sector as a case study: an analysis of major drivers of change in the use of wood resources." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 43, no. 4 (April 2013): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2012-0139.
Abstract:
Promotion of renewable energy sources in Europe is foreseen to result in a dramatic increase in the demand for woody biomass. This paper assesses whether wood resources in the European Union (EU) will support future demand. Possible implications for countries with ample forest resources and a well-developed forest industry, such as Sweden, of an expected mounting demand pressure are discussed. Other drivers of change in global wood product markets posing challenges for the forest sector in general are also addressed. These drivers are reviewed and, together with the results from the EUwood project and econometric wood market models, analyzed as to their impacts on the Swedish forest sector. Demand is foreseen to vastly exceed the potential supply of woody biomass in Europe, putting a tremendous pressure on the Swedish forest resource and necessitating trade-offs between different ecosystem services. Further, projections suggest that Sweden will decrease in importance in production as well as consumption terms for all wood products.
5
Leyton-Brown, David. "Hewers of Wood: The Forest Products Sector." International Journal 42, no. 1 (1986): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40202430.
6
Leyton-Brown, David. "Hewers of Wood: The Forest Products Sector." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 42, no. 1 (March 1987): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070208704200104.
7
Smyth, C. E., G. Stinson, E. Neilson, T. C. Lemprière, M. Hafer, G. J. Rampley, and W. A. Kurz. "Quantifying the biophysical climate change mitigation potential of Canada's forest sector." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2014): 441–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-441-2014.
Abstract:
Abstract. The potential of forests and the forest sector to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is widely recognized, but challenging to quantify at a national scale. Forests and their carbon (C) sequestration potential are affected by management practices, where wood harvesting transfers C out of the forest into products, and subsequent regrowth allows further C sequestration. Here we determine the mitigation potential of the 2.3 × 106 km2 of Canada's managed forests from 2015 to 2050 using the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS3), a harvested wood products model that estimates emissions based on product half-life decay times, and an account of emission substitution benefits from the use of wood products and bioenergy. We examine several mitigation scenarios with different assumptions about forest management activity levels relative to a base-case scenario, including improved growth from silvicultural activities, increased harvest and residue management for bioenergy, and reduced harvest for conservation. We combine forest management options with two mitigation scenarios for harvested wood product use involving an increase in either long-lived products or bioenergy uses. Results demonstrate large differences among alternative scenarios, and we identify potential mitigation scenarios with increasing benefits to the atmosphere for many decades into the future, as well as scenarios with no net benefit over many decades. The greatest mitigation impact was achieved through a mix of strategies that varied across the country and had cumulative mitigation of 254 Tg CO2e in 2030, and 1180 Tg CO2e in 2050. We conclude that (i) national-scale forest sector mitigation options need to be assessed rigorously from a systems perspective to avoid the development of policies that deliver no net benefits to the atmosphere, (ii) a mix of strategies implemented across the country achieves the greatest mitigation impact, and (iii) because of the time delays in achieving carbon benefits for many forest-based mitigation activities, future contributions of the forest sector to climate mitigation can be maximized if implemented soon.
8
Smyth, C. E., G. Stinson, E. Neilson, T. C. Lemprière, M. Hafer, G. J. Rampley, and W. A. Kurz. "Quantifying the biophysical climate change mitigation potential of Canada's forest sector." Biogeosciences 11, no. 13 (July 3, 2014): 3515–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3515-2014.
Abstract:
Abstract. The potential of forests and the forest sector to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is widely recognized, but challenging to quantify at a national scale. Forests and their carbon (C) sequestration potential are affected by management practices, where wood harvesting transfers C out of the forest into products, and subsequent regrowth allows further C sequestration. Here we determine the mitigation potential of the 2.3 × 106 km2 of Canada's managed forests from 2015 to 2050 using the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS3), a harvested wood products (HWP) model that estimates emissions based on product half-life decay times, and an account of emission substitution benefits from the use of wood products and bioenergy. We examine several mitigation scenarios with different assumptions about forest management activity levels relative to a base case scenario, including improved growth from silvicultural activities, increased harvest and residue management for bioenergy, and reduced harvest for conservation. We combine forest management options with two mitigation scenarios for harvested wood product use involving an increase in either long-lived products or bioenergy uses. Results demonstrate large differences among alternative scenarios, and we identify potential mitigation scenarios with increasing benefits to the atmosphere for many decades into the future, as well as scenarios with no net benefit over many decades. The greatest mitigation impact was achieved through a mix of strategies that varied across the country and had cumulative mitigation of 254 Tg CO2e in 2030, and 1180 Tg CO2e in 2050. There was a trade-off between short-term and long-term goals, in that maximizing short-term emissions reduction could reduce the forest sector's ability to contribute to longer-term objectives. We conclude that (i) national-scale forest sector mitigation options need to be assessed rigorously from a systems perspective to avoid the development of policies that deliver no net benefits to the atmosphere, (ii) a mix of strategies implemented across the country achieves the greatest mitigation impact, and (iii) because of the time delays in achieving carbon benefits for many forest-based mitigation activities, future contributions of the forest sector to climate mitigation can be maximized if implemented soon.
9
Морковина, Светлана, Svetlana Morkovina, Иван Торжков, and Ivan Torzhkov. "Mechanisms of Diversification in Forest Sector." Forestry Engineering Journal 7, no. 3 (November 1, 2017): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59c21ba6be03a9.24492898.
Abstract:
In the article substantiates that development of forest complex of the Russian economy is not possible without the implementation of structural reforms and emphasis on diversification of forestry as an important industry segment. Reasons for diversification of forest complex are shown, including: disparities in development of technological chain - forestry-logging-woodworking; technological, territorial and economic fragmentation of forest, harvesting and processing enterprises and industries; infrastructural and economic barriers; low level of Research and Advanced Development and industrial innovation at all stages of technologically related industries. It is proved that diversification of forestry should be carried out at the level of the most significant sub-systems: reforestation and afforestation in order to transfer to the technologies allowing reducing the period of growing of wood and target assortments. Diversification of forestry is possible during the transition from forest crops to plantation afforestation through the establishment of industrial forest plantations on the lands of forest fund. To reduce the risk component in the diversification of forest production, creation of industrial forest plantations must be carried out not far from industrial consumers of wood, which will ensure the economic feasibility of growing, harvesting and delivery of wood raw material. The proposed mechanism of diversification in combination with biotechnology will provide increasing demand for timber, with significant reduction of the environmental load on natural forest stands, allowing you to preserve natural ecosystems for purposes of recreation. Introduction of biotechnology in forestry will reduce the gap in development segments of the forest complex and increase wood supply for diversified industries. Diversification of forestry and development of industrial plantation afforestation is constrained by legal framework and absence of measures of financial support of enterprises of forest complex.
10
Montgomery, Claire A. "Modeling the United States Housing Sector." Forest Science 47, no. 3 (August 1, 2001): 371–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/47.3.371.
Abstract:
Abstract New residential construction and improvement of existing housing account for most of the solid wood products consumption in the United States. It is important for forest policy analysts and those interested in wood products markets to understand the implications of changes in macroeconomic variables on housing markets and, hence, on wood products markets and forests. In past studies of U.S. housing markets used for long-run forest policy analysis, the time series properties of the macroeconomic data used to estimate the models were ignored. To the extent that estimation results are sensitive to those properties, the resulting model forecasts may be misleading. This study reports a structural model of the housing sector in the United States estimated using five alternative specifications to account for the time series properties of the data. Estimation results were compared, and model forecast performance was evaluated. Several stable estimation results emerged. However, further investigation is indicated for some potentially important relationships that were sensitive to model specification. FOR. SCI. 47(3):371–389.
11
Sokolov, Vladimir, Elena Goryaeva, and Olga Vtyurina. "ON STRATEGY OF THE RUSSIAN FOREST SECTOR DEVELOPMENT." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 3, no. 1 (2019): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-3-1-223-230.
Abstract:
The Russian forest sector is running down. To remedy the situation, a strategy for developing the forest sector of the Russian Federation until 2030 was developed. The strategy basically repeats the mistakes of various concepts, strategies and programs developed in recent years for the Russian Federation as a whole and its subjects.Essentially, these documents are aimed at developing the forest industry, i.e. use of wood. The strategy analysis shows the unsatisfactory nature of this document, as it is based on the provisions of the detrimental Forest Code of 2006.The strategy primary error is underresourcedplanned indicators of forest products export and domestic consumption of wood raw materials. The strategy does not fix problem of forestry financing under a market economy. Based only on wood accounting, forest evaluationsare counterproductive for the forest sector, as they underestimate the value of forest areas, which are of great environmental and social importance. Further development of the forest sector will largely depend on the ability of the Federationto dialog withits subjects, forest companies and enterprises, scientific and public organizations in the field of forest policy and practice.
12
Sokolov, Vladimir A., Olga P. Vtyurina, and Nastassia V. Sokolova. "FOREST RESOURCES OF THE LOWER PRIANGARE OF THE KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY: PROSPECTS AND LIMITATIONS." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 3, no. 1 (May 21, 2021): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2021-3-1-257-262.
Abstract:
The Government of the Krasnoyarsk Territory has adopted a Forest Sector Development Strategy until 2030. Harvesting up to 36 million m of wood per yearis planned according to the strategy. About 20 million m3 per year should be procured in the Lower Angara region.At present, there is no verifiable information of economically available wood resources. The method for calculating the annual allowable cutacting for more than 100 years has disproved due to unrealistic forest management standards. The normal forest modellaid down in the method has not been implemented anywhere.The forest fund is federally ownedso it is the state instead of the region authority should provide up-to-date reliable information of forests to makesuccessful management decisions and developing strategic planning documents. A principle of effective forestry as production industry will be an objective market ecological and economic assessment of forest resourcesthat could be provided by the re-emerged forest inventory. Implementation of purposedcapital investment projects in the Lower Angara region will be difficult due to uncertainty of providing with wood resources required. Organization of forest use should be more flexible and promote both development of the forest sector and maintenance of the biosphere role of forests.
13
Lessard, Guy, Donald Blouin, Emmanuelle Boulfroy, Frank Grenon, and Mélanie Ruel. "CERFO: 25 years of innovations in the forestry sector." Forestry Chronicle 86, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 328–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc86328-3.
Abstract:
With activities in most regions of Quebec, CERFO (Centre d’enseignement et de recherche en foresterie de Sainte-Foy inc.) has developed a recognized expertise in forestry topics including silviculture, sustainable forest management, forest ecology, harvesting operations, GIS and wood processing. The Centre is known for addressing practical issues using engineering processes for silviculture, forest management, harvesting and wood supply and for being a technological transfer centre. 2009 marked the 25th anniversary of the Centre and as such this is a good opportunity to summarize the important accomplishments of the Centre in applied research, technical assistance and customized training. Key words: silviculture, forest management, ecology, irregular high forest, forest certification, management of harvesting operations, optimization, wood processing, agroforestry, technological transfer, training
14
ABRUDAN, Ioan Vasile, Viorel MARINESCU, Ovidiu IONESCU, Florin IORAS, Sergiu Andrei HORODNIC, and Radu E. SESTRAS. "Developments in the Romanian Forestry and its Linkages with other Sectors." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 37, no. 2 (November 2, 2009): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha3723468.
Abstract:
The evolution of the forestry sector in the last two decades in Romania has been significantly influenced by the post 1989 political and economic changes, forest restitution and the European Union accession process. Based on the analysis of forestry statistics, legislation and institutional changes this paper underlines the main developments in the forestry sector in the last twenty years and the linkages with other sectors that had an impact on its development. The significant change in forest ownership (based on which 45% of the Romanian forest is nowadays in non-state hands), the unprecedented re-organisation of the forest sector through the institutional separation of the regulatory, control and forest management functions, the changes in forest administration (including the establishment of more than 110 private forest districts) and the full privatisation of the wood harvesting and processing sector complemented by foreign investments have shaped the forest sector development in a context in which the forest resource remained almost unchanged. Major developments have been recorded in the establishment and management of large protected areas as National Forest Administration Romsilva is currently administrating 22 national and nature parks. Both positive and negative interactions of forestry with environmental protection, wood processing, agriculture, rural development, road infrastructure and tourism sectors have also impacted the evolution of the forest sector. Development policy options recommended by authors include among others the strengthening of the public authority responsible for forestry, reorganisation of the state forest administration and supporting the access of forest owners to the national and EU funding and compensation schemes for forestry.
15
Jayasinghe, Priyangi, S. Denise Allen, Gary Q. Bull, and Robert A. Kozak. "The status of forest certification in the Canadian value-added wood products manufacturing sector." Forestry Chronicle 83, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc83113-1.
Abstract:
With forest certification on the rise in Canada, a nation-wide mail survey was implemented in 2004 to gain insight into the attitudes of value-added wood products manufacturers towards certification. The majority of firms in this sector (64.8%) were not interested in forest certification, and only 17.6% were involved with forest certification at the time of the survey. Another 17.6% did express interest in becoming involved within the next five years. Low levels of knowledge and awareness regarding forest certification and a perceived lack of consumer demand for certified forest products were identified as factors contributing to the significant lack of interest in adopting certification. Although uptake remains limited, a cluster analysis identified a sizeable segment of manufacturers (43.5%) that has a "wait and see" attitude towards forest certification pending future developments in consumer markets. Logistic regression indicated that manufacturer interest in forest certification is linked to both awareness of chain of custody certification and a belief that certification can act as a competitive differentiation tool. Canadian value-added wood products manufacturers that are currently engaged or interested in forest certification tend largely to be ethically motivated and expressed concerns about the future health of forests and sustainable forest management. However, these same respondents were generally doubtful about the ability of forest certification to provide short-term financial gains. Key words: forest certification, chain of custody, value-added wood products manufacturers, Canada
16
Prins, Kit. "La consommation de bois est-elle durable sur le long terme?" Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 165, no. 3 (March 1, 2014): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2014.0061.
Abstract:
Is consumption of forest products sustainable over the long term? The article presents trends and an outlook for the forest sector, for Europe and Switzerland, from 1913 to 2030. The first half of the twentieth century saw over-use of European forests, but in the second half, the situation changed: consumption of forest products increased, while forests expanded, growing stock rose and Europe became a net exporter of timber. Official scenarios foresee a continuation of these trends in the twenty-first century. Yet, to this end, the forest sector must stay competitive. For example, mobilising enough energy wood, on a sustainable basis, is a major challenge for the sector. The forest sector has demonstrated in the past its flexibility and adaptability, and so could be well placed to lead the way towards the green economy.
17
Charvet, Felix, Felipe Silva, Luís Ruivo, Luís Tarelho, Arlindo Matos, José Figueiredo da Silva, and Daniel Neves. "Pyrolysis Characteristics of Undervalued Wood Varieties in the Portuguese Charcoal Sector." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 2537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092537.
Abstract:
Charcoal production in Portugal is mostly based on the valorization of woody residues from cork oak and holm oak, the latter being considered a reference feedstock in the market. Nevertheless, since wildfire prevention became a priority in Portugal, after the recent dramatic wildfires, urgent actions are being conducted to reduce the fuel load in the forests, which is increasing the amount of biomass that is available for valorization. Additionally, biomass residues from agriculture, forest management, control of invasive species, partially burnt wood from post-fire recovery actions, and waste wood from storm devastated forests need also to be considered within the national biomass valorization policies. This has motivated the present work on whether the carbonization process can be used to valorize alternative woody biomasses not currently used on a large scale. For this purpose, slow pyrolysis experiments were carried out with ten types of wood, using a fixed bed reactor allowing the controlled heating of large fuel particles at 0.1 to 5 °C/min and final temperatures within 300–450 °C. Apart from an evaluation of the mass balance of the process, emphasis was given to the properties of the resulting charcoals considering its major market in Portugal—barbecue charcoal for both recreational and professional purposes.
18
Blanchet, Pierre, and Charles Breton. "Wood Productions and Renewable Materials: The Future Is Now." Forests 11, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11060657.
Abstract:
The forest sector plays a key role in meeting the climate change challenge. Forest products and renewable materials are masterpieces in achieving this role. This editorial destails the benefits of these forest prodcuts and celebrates the contributions of the authors who submitted their work to this special edition of Forests journal. This edition presents 11 papers, which include the characterization of a new fiber supply, the description of advanced materials and their environmental impact, and an examination of structural products, wood protection, and modifications.
19
Paillé, Gilbert G. "Challenges in the private forest sector of Canada." Forestry Chronicle 74, no. 4 (August 1, 1998): 522–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc74522-4.
Abstract:
The author describes what he sees as the five biggest challenges facing stakeholders of the Canadian forest sector at the beginning of the XXI century. The first is building strong political support for forest development through information and education at a time when public opinion is opposing it; the second is prioritizing the development of private forests by reversing the northerly direction historically followed by forest activities in Canada; the third is defining sustainable forest development and implementing it on a stable land base, following sound forest practices codes and certification standards, with full public involvement; the fourth is convincing forest land owners to invest more attention, time, effort and even money in growing more wood and offering more services on their properties in order to fulfill an increasing demand; and the last challenge is convincing all levels of government to each support their share of the forest activities to ensure a sustained flow of benefits to forest land owners, industrial shareholders, and society as a whole.
20
Nunes, Leonel Jorge Ribeiro, Catarina Isabel Rodrigues Meireles, Carlos José Pinto Gomes, and Nuno Manuel Cabral de Almeida Ribeiro. "Socioeconomic Aspects of the Forests in Portugal: Recent Evolution and Perspectives of Sustainability of the Resource." Forests 10, no. 5 (April 26, 2019): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050361.
Abstract:
Portuguese forests have always played an essential role in the socioeconomic development of national rural areas, but also in several forest-based industrial sectors, such as the cork, pulp and paper, and wood panels industries. In addition to these dominant sectors, there are also several other uses for forest timber, such as being the major raw materials to the production of furniture or devoted to the growing biomass pellets production industry. This review article presents the evolution of the forest industrial sector throughout the recent past, and its impact on the development of the rural environment, from a socioeconomic perspective, namely concerning the jobs and value-added creation, as well as the importance of the forest in national industrial development. It shows the importance of sustainable forest management for the development of the rural environment, as an essential sector for the creation of wealth and for the establishment of populations in the interior regions of the country.
21
Leiter, Mathias, Mathias Neumann, Tomohiro Egusa, Koji Harashina, and Hubert Hasenauer. "Assessing the Resource Potential of Mountainous Forests: A Comparison between Austria and Japan." Forests 13, no. 6 (June 7, 2022): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13060891.
Abstract:
Domestic wood production in Japan is low, and more than 60% of the wood consumed is imported. This is surprising because two-thirds of Japan’s land area is covered by forests. The dominant explanations for this low wood self-sufficiency rate are the lack of forest road infrastructure and the small-scale forest ownership structure. Austria is a country that is similar in topography and ownership structure but has a high wood self-sufficiency rate. Therefore, previous research has compared Japan to Austria. However, these studies did not address basic forest properties in much detail. This study uses national forest inventory data from both countries to assess the forest structures and utilization percentages of the annual wood increment. In contrast to the hypothesis, the results show that the two countries have similar increment rates. In contrast to former studies, the findings indicate that Japanese plantation forests have a higher timber stocking volume than Austrian forests. In Japan, the proportion of the standing volume in the 40–60-year-old age class is much higher compared to the other age classes, indicating an unbalanced growing stock. The results show that the utilization percentage is much higher in Austria (88%) than in Japan (53%). Therefore, the Japanese forest sector has a high potential to increase the harvest of wood.
22
Dieter, Matthias, and Hermann Englert. "Zur Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der europäischen Holzwirtschaft – eine Constant-Market-Share-Analyse | Competitiveness in the European forest industry sector – a constant market share analysis." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 160, no. 12 (December 1, 2009): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2009.0375.
Abstract:
The objective of the presented study is to analyse the international competitiveness of the European forest industry sector and that of Switzerland in particular using constant market share (CMS) analysis. The analysis is conducted based on bilateral trade data in monetary terms for the years 2000 to 2005. Timber commodities are grouped into two sectors (the wood sector and the paper sector) as well as into three processing levels (raw wood, semi-finished and finished products). CMS analysis is conducted on two aggregation levels: the forest industry sector on the whole and the forest products sector as part of the semi-finished products sector. The analyses of both aggregation levels show similar results. Most of the traditionally industrialized countries show only low export growth rates. Countries with fast growing economies in general, in particular those from South East Asia and most of the Eastern European countries show high growth rates as well as high positive competitiveness effects. A positive relationship can be identified between a country's timber export growth rate and its competitiveness effect. Within Europe, Eastern European countries are gaining competitive advantage over Middle and Western European countries. CMS analysis indicates low international competitiveness for the Swiss forest industry sector, whereas Austrian and German forestry industry sectors are characterized by higher values of international competitiveness.
23
Adams, Darius M., and Richard W. Haynes. "Changing Perspectives on the Outlook for Timber in the United States." Journal of Forestry 83, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/83.1.32.
Abstract:
Abstract Rates of population and economic growth and the intensity of private forest management are but three of a much broader array of conditions influencing the long-term outlook of the U.S. forest sector. Equally important sources of uncertainty are trends in interest rates, the species and product mix of forest products consumption, use of wood for energy, forest products exports, the cost of wood in Canada, rate of technical improvement in wood and fiber processing, and levels of national forest harvests. Simultaneous changes in only a few of these conditions can lead to future trends in the forest sector that differ significantly from traditional expectations of increasing forest resource scarcity in the United States.
24
Tomoff, Kiril. "The Role of Forests in Witte's Industrialization Drive." Russian History 22, no. 1-4 (1995): 249–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633195x00106.
Abstract:
AbstractRussia's forests played a crucial role in the industrialization drive that Minister of Finance Sergei Witte led beginning in 1892. While most histories of Imperial Russian industrialization understandably concentrate on heavy industry, railroads, and coal, the main focii of Witte's industrial policy and rhetoric,1 this essay argues that forests contributed crucial sources of income and industrial fuel for Witte's campaign while providing the material for the expansion of a distinct forest industrial sector. The forest income of the Ministry of State Domains became a growing source of revenue for a government that needed all the money it could get as it financed railroad construction to propel heavy industry through a period of rapid growth. Forests also provided charcoal and fuel wood for industrial and non-industrial consumption throughout the 1890s. Wood provided all or most of the fuel for Urals metallurgy, the textile industry, still Russia's largest, and a growing forest industrial sector. Forests even helped satisfy the fuel demands of the showcase areas of rapid industrialization, the railroads and southern metallurgy. This essay demonstrates that the rate at which timber was being felled outstripped forest exports and population growth. It argues that industrial consumption of wood fuel, including charcoal, spurred the development of a timber industry which was to remain in place to satisfy the steep increase in forest exports during the second industrialization spurt before 1914. Forests' importance to Russia's industrialization should not be ignored.
25
Laaribya, Said. "Analysis of the Non-Wood Forest Products Sector in Morocco - Case Study: The Itzer Forest." SilvaWorld 2, no. 2 (September 30, 2023): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.61326/silvaworld.v2i2.5.
Abstract:
Non-wood forest products (NWFPs) are wild plant and animal products harvested from forests. The aim of this study is to present a qualitative diagnosis, based on a qualitative value chain approach, of the use of NWFPs in the Itzer rural forest environment. The survey result based on -participatory workshops indicated that three categories of non-wood products (Aromatic and medicinal plants (AMP), Beekeeping, and Agro-pastoral sector) represent an essential source of income to the local population. Without NWFPs valuation, it is necessary to effectively manage and conserve NWFPs populations, by adopting appropriate management practices that can mitigate negative impacts. The contribution that NWFPs can make to the livelihoods of rural populations has encouraged the idea that more intensive management for these products could contribute to sustainable development and conservation objectives.
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Caballero Deloya, Miguel. "El sector forestal de México de cara al siglo XXI." e-CUCBA 9, no. 17 (December 29, 2021): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/ecucba.vi17.234.
Abstract:
The Mexican forestry sector is result of adverse effects which have impacted the forestry ecosystems along decades. The presentnatural resource condition present reflects significant problems in the three components of sustainability, economic, social andenvironmental. From the Economic perspective, the volume of wood harvest has practically remained static along the two lastdecades. As a result, the international trade deficit of wood products has been increasing significantly. The contribution of theforestry sector to the gross national product (PIB) remains below 1 %. From the social perspective, poverty and margination in ruralarea continues with no expectation of possible solution in the near future. The nation confronts an uncertain future, relative to theadverse impact of climate change, increasing degradation and contamination of terrestrial y marine ecosystems, biodiversity lossand forest communities poverty. From de the Economic Outlook, Mexico faces a growing demand of Forest derived goods andservices. The exposed problem poses the urgent need of a thorough planning for the conservation, use and sustainable managementof forest resources under a long run perspective. For the future supply of goods and services provided by the natural resource, amarket prospective is needed, starting from the estimated future Forest ecosystem supply and demand for the three Sustainableconditions. Relevant aspects to consider for future planning are: Sustainable Forest management from watersheds; promotion tocommunity development; commercial Forest plantations as supplement of natural Forests; support to the productive and valuechain, establishment of dendroenergy Forest plantations, Effective territorial use planning and adequate and effective governance.
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Sharma, Jitendra Vir. "Forestry Sector in India is Net Source of Green House Gases (GHGS)." Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering Technology 5, no. 1 (February 27, 2017): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12974/2311-8741.2017.05.01.1.
Abstract:
More than 275 million people are deriving their sustenance and livelihood needs from forests and causing forest degradation due to unsustainable harvest of forest produce. India is committed to achieve sustainable development of forests. The inadequate finance, capacity and research are key issues for sustainable development of forests in India. The consumption of wood and wood-based products has been considered for the estimation of emissions from forestry sector. The carbon sequestration has been estimated on the basis of productivity of forests and tree outside forests. The forestry sector in India will be a net source of Green House Gases (GHGs) till 2051 if policies and programs of forestry sector are implemented at the current pace and commitment. The forestry sector will also be net source of GHG till 2051 if the policies and programs suggested above are implemented moderately but the intensity of emissions will be low. The forestry sector may become net sink of GHG’s only if policies and programs are implemented aggressively with full commitment. The aggressive implementation of policies and programs will not only improve the quality of forests but also improve the quality of the life of the forest dependent communities by providing them a sustained livelihood which in turn benefit environment. The political commitment is very low for the forestry sector in India. If this continue in future, it would not be possible to achieve the scenario based on aggressive scenario. The Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) for forestry sector announced by the Government of India on 2nd October, 2015 are extremely difficult to achieve.
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Effendi, R., Triyono, D. Poedjowadi, and Handoyo. "The views of forestry employees on the cultivation of food crops in forest areas: a case study in Central Java." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 917, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/917/1/012018.
Abstract:
Abstract The environment and forestry sectors are expected to contribute to achieving food sovereignty. However, the cultivation of food crops in forest areas for commercial purposes is still limited since incommodity nomenclature, the food cropsareonly as crops. The objective of this study was to find out the views of forestry employees in Central Java on the cultivation of food crops in forest areas. Data was collected through a survey and analyzed through a descriptive quantitative method. The results showed the views of forestry employees were as follows. First, food crops need to be cultivated in forest areas on a large scale to increase forest benefits for communities and companies. Food crops such as paddy and maize were cultivated using an intercropping system during forest regeneration, shade-resistant food crops such as coffee and porang were cultivated under forest stands and fruit crops such as durian and mangosteen were cultivated in a mixture with woody trees. Second, foods obtained from the forests were recorded in statistics of environment and forestry and accounted for as contributions of environment and forestry sector. Therefore, the forests need to be managed for wood and food production to support food sovereignty.
29
Moreau, Lucas, Evelyne Thiffault, and Robert Beauregard. "Assessing the Effects of Different Harvesting Practices on the Forestry Sector’s Climate Benefits Potential: A Stand Level Theoretical Study in an Eastern Canadian Boreal Forest." Forests 14, no. 6 (May 26, 2023): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14061109.
Abstract:
The contribution of the forest sector to climate change mitigation needs to rely on optimal strategies that include forest management, wood supply, wood product disposal, and replacement of GHG-intensive materials and energy sources. Our study aimed to assess the impact of alternative forest management practices applied at the stand scale on the capacity of the forest sector to reduce its radiative forcing, using the boreal forests of eastern Canada as a case study. We simulated management of a balsam fir–white birch stand over a sixty-year period and determined the sectorial carbon and radiative forcing budget for a reference scenario (no harvest) and for nineteen clearcut and partial cut alternatives. The results suggest that logging may not significantly reduce carbon emissions compared to a preservation practice and does not yield any climate benefits in terms of radiative forcing. In a context for which the substitution effect of wood products on markets is expected to be limited, the mitigation potential of a scenario is mostly driven by the capacity of the forest ecosystem carbon sink to compensate for the substantial CO2 and CH4 emissions from wood product decay in landfills. The improved assessment of carbon emission temporality, incorporation of ecosystem carbon dynamics, and improved consideration of substitution and the decay of wood products are essential in the development of any forest management strategy. Neglecting these elements can lead to misconceptions and prevent informed mitigation decisions.
30
Gayda, S. V. "ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПОКАЗНИКА ЦИРКУЛЯРНОСТІ В ЛІСОВОМУ СЕКТОРІ ЗА ПРИНЦИПАМИ ЦИРКУЛЯРНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ." Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 49 (December 30, 2023): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.36930/42234908.
Abstract:
It is substantiated that the implementation of the circular economy in the forest sector is important and relevant, as it helps to preserve forest resources, contributing to the efficient use of materials and the reduction of wood residues, as well as the restoration and reuse of wood products. Analyzed and ranked according to the degree of importance of the principles of the hierarchy of 10R strategies of the circular economy in the forest sector in the form of a watering can, where the upper levels have a higher priority compared to the lower ones. The percentage of importance of each strategy according to the priority of actions of 10R strategies to achieve maximum circularity and sustainability was determined, in particular: Refuse (18.72%); Rethink (17.05%); Reduce (15.05%); Reuse (13.05); Repair (11.04%); Repurpose (9.03%); Remanufacturing (7.03%); Refurbish (5.02%); Recycle (3.01%); Recover (1.00%); Dispose (0.00 %). The state of the circular economy in the processes of logging, production of products from primary raw materials and processing of used (consumed) wood products in Ukraine was analyzed, which made it possible to determine the indicator of circularity in the forest sector. The method of determining the circularity index according to the 10R strategies of the circular economy for the three main components of the forest sector with the formation of three possible growth scenarios has been developed. The indicators of circularity for scenario No. 1 were determined, which characterize the 1st lowest level of efficiency for traditional technologies of utilization and useful use of wood resources with values for the processes: logging 6.02%, manufacturing of wood products 10.03%, processing of used wood 25, 09% Circularity indicators are calculated for scenario No. 2, which characterizes the 2nd middle level of efficiency, with emphasis on advanced technologies and business models based on the extension of the service life and life cycle of products with values for the processes: logging 26.09%, manufacturing of wood products 43.14%, processing of used wood 61.71%. Circularity indicators were calculated for scenario No. 3, characterizing a developed circular economy – the 3rd maximum level of efficiency, built on smart production and smart consumption with values for the processes: logging 43.15%, manufacturing of wood products 76.24%, recycling of used wood 93.15%. Possible weighted average indicators of circularity according to three scenarios were determined: No. 1, which characterizes the situation in the forest sector of Ukraine and is 13.71%; No. 2, which predicts the situation in the forest sector of Ukraine in the next 10-15 years at the level of 43.65%; No. 3, which predicts the situation in the forest sector of Ukraine in the perspective of 2050 at the level of 70.85%. Ways to increase the circularity index in the forest sector based on the principles of the circular economy, which include minimizing waste, optimizing the use of resources, and preserving natural capital, are outlined.
31
Morin, Mathieu B., Daniel Kneeshaw, Frédérik Doyon, Héloïse Le Goff, Pierre Bernier, Véronique Yelle, Anne Blondlot, and Daniel Houle. "Climate change and the forest sector: Perception of principal impacts and of potential options for adaptation." Forestry Chronicle 91, no. 04 (August 2015): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2015-069.
Abstract:
As evidence points to the importance of climate change (CC) impacts on forests, it is critical to understand how forestry and forest-dependent communities will be affected. People active in the Quebec forest sector were consulted about their perceptions on the most important potential impacts and adaptation measures. Preoccupations covered many aspects of natural ecosystems, forest-based communities, and industries. Expected impacts and adaptation measures were grouped according to biomes and sectors. Prioritized impacts included increases in extreme meteorological events and natural disturbances. Impacts were also expected for human or economic systems such as reductions in wood volume and quality, difficulties in accessing forests, and additional costs for forest operations. Adaptation was perceived to come from new policies, a greater awareness, and local and regional adjustments to forest operations and management. Identified barriers to adaptation included lack of knowledge or understanding of CC impacts, lack of scientific support and knowledge transfer, and lack of leadership in CC issues at a regional scale. This synthesis will help orient future needs in climate-sensitive forest management planning and identify ways to increase adaptive capacity of the forest sector.
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Кожухов, Николай, Nikolay Kozhukhov, Николай Кожемяко, Nikolay Kozhemyako, Андрей Фитчин, and Andrey Fitchin. "Conceptual Approaches to Formation of Wood Industry Cluster in Russia." Forestry Engineering Journal 7, no. 3 (November 1, 2017): 236–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59c220b73cefc7.30242194.
Abstract:
World experience shows the effectiveness of the creation of clusters in various industries. A lot of work and research domestic and foreign scholars and practitioners are dedicated to study and development of mechanisms of realization of industrial policy. The article analyzes the main indicators of the forest industry and forestry in Tomsk region in recent years, the basic provisions are revealed, Factors determining the development trends of the industry are analyzed. The authors identified the major systemic problems hindering the progressive development of forest sector in Tomsk region, including low level of development of periodic yield, the lack of transport and economically available forest resources, inadequate production structure and export of forest products, financial situation of enterprises of the sector, insufficient staffing, weak territorial cooperation of the enterprises and organizations. The article defines the objective conditions for creation of timber industry cluster in Tomsk region, goals, objectives and directions of sustainable development of the forest sector in Tomsk region on the basis of cluster approach are identified. Among the main areas that determine competitiveness of products and possibility of increasing the efficiency of forest management, the following issues are highlighted: development of deep processing of wood through the use of low-grade wood and wood waste, development of transport infrastructure in forests, improving human potential, expanding the range of manufactured timber enterprises in the cluster of products and implementation of joint projects. The conclusions can provide theoretical basis for further research in the field of economic security and development of timber processing complex and forestry. Obtained results can be used both by researchers in further research work to explore issues of cluster development of timber industry and regional authorities and business structures functioning in the sphere of forest industry.
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Koulelis, Panagiotis P., and Evangelia N. Daskalakou. "Modeling Per Capita Demand of Wood Products in Greece: Variables with Impact to Demand and Forest Management Implications." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 6, no. 2 (August 22, 2017): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v6i2.11735.
Abstract:
The current study presents the trends of wood product trade in Greece during the last several decades. Greece, like many Mediterranean countries, is a net importer of wood and wood products and has established a consecutive dependency on imports during the past few decades. Variables like income and import prices are tested in order to highlight their meaningfulness on the demand for wood and wood products. Analysis based on multiple linear double log models showed that import prices were found to be the most important variable for wood panels and paper demand. Simultaneously, income was found to be the most important for wood fuel demand, as was expected. Income and import prices were found to be elastic regarding the demand for wood panels and paper. More, income was found to be inelastic to wood fuel demand. Further analysis of the above factors suggests a new forest policy plan based on the development of the current forest ecosystems and the creation of new forests through afforestation and reforestation, using native species in order to constrain the amount of expensive imports. From this perspective, a new forest policy based on sustainable forest management could lead to the increase of production and new investments in the national forest sector.
34
Koulelis, Panagiotis P., Stefanos Tsiaras, and Zacharoula S. Andreopoulou. "Greece’s Forest Sector from the Perspective of Timber Production: Evolution or Decline?" Forests 14, no. 12 (November 28, 2023): 2331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14122331.
Abstract:
Greece’s trade patterns in wood and wood products align with the broader trade dynamics in the Mediterranean region, where wood and wood products are primarily imported. Using Pettitt’s test, this study revealed a consistent decline in the production of selected wood and wood product categories in Greece, coupled with a noteworthy increase in imports. Following the economic crisis of 2008, a temporary dip in import trends in some categories was observed. Furthermore, Pettitt’s test helped identify the specific years when significant shifts occurred in the time series data. In the latter part of the analysis, the study underscored the significance of various factors within the wood removal production sector, including urbanization, economic growth, personal income, and the labor force. National imports of goods and wood fuel were also identified as playing pivotal roles at the national level. Recognizing the link between economic indicators and wood removals has the potential to inform decisions related to sustainable resource management, conservation initiatives, and strategies for economic development.
35
Sjølie, Hanne K., Greg S. Latta, and Birger Solberg. "Potentials and costs of climate change mitigation in the Norwegian forest sector — Does choice of policy matter?" Canadian Journal of Forest Research 43, no. 6 (June 2013): 589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2012-0457.
Abstract:
Forests are important contributors to the global carbon cycle and mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration and the supply of wood that substitutes for fossil fuels and greenhouse gas (GHG)-intensive building materials. However, current climate policies only partially credit forest carbon sequestration and bioenergy policies are handled independently of forestry. Using Norway as a case study, we analyze two sets of simulated carbon tax/subsidy policies, one crediting forest carbon sequestration while maintaining predetermined harvest levels and utilization of wood, and another targeting GHG fluxes in the entire forest industrial sector allowing harvest levels and wood markets to change in response to the policy. Results indicate that GHG emission reduction potentials differ substantially between the two policies, being several times higher for the latter than the former policy at a given carbon price. This suggests that (i) previous research efforts in Europe have not captured the full mitigation potential as they have not included adaptations in the harvest level and the wood market and (ii) climate policies should target GHG fluxes in the entire sector to utilize its potential contribution for mitigating climate change.
36
Giurca, Alexandru, Liviu Nichiforel, Petru Tudor Stăncioiu, Marian Drăgoi, and Daniel-Paul Dima. "Unlocking Romania’s Forest-Based Bioeconomy Potential: Knowledge-Action-Gaps and the Way Forward." Land 11, no. 11 (November 8, 2022): 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11112001.
Abstract:
As national governments continue developing bioeconomy strategies, the forest-based sector becomes increasingly important. Romania’s forest sector can be at the heart of a sustainable circular-bioeconomy transition. However, despite recently launching its national forest strategy, the country has yet to produce a comprehensive bioeconomy strategy where the forest sector is properly acknowledged and integrated. Here, we discuss the potential opportunities and challenges for developing a national circular–bioeconomy strategy that builds around the forest-based sector. Methodologically, we build on qualitative insights from two foresight workshops conducted with 16 international experts. Conceptually, we draw on recent forest-based circular-bioeconomy literature, which we synthesize and use to complement the insights provided by workshop participants. Three main key findings emerged from this analysis: (i) Several knowledge gaps related to biomass availability, carbon storage, biodiversity status, ecosystem services, or governance arrangements persist. (ii) A circular forest bioeconomy must focus on regional and rural development, including both traditional wood use, as well as new wood-based products. Finally, (iii) the transition to a forest-based bioeconomy requires substantial investments in areas such as forest infrastructure, education, and labor force. Forward-looking policies can address these challenges by fostering new ways of thinking, collaborating and researching the bioeconomy. We anticipate our article to be a starting point for more informed discussions around the role of forests and the forest-based sector in Romania’s future bioeconomy strategy. Furthermore, as work around the implementation of the national forest strategy has recently commenced, the ideas discussed here could help decision-makers better integrate and coordinate national and European forest policies with bioeconomy ambitions.
37
Borovics, Attila, Éva Király, and Péter Kottek. "Projection of the Carbon Balance of the Hungarian Forestry and Wood Industry Sector Using the Forest Industry Carbon Model." Forests 15, no. 4 (March 26, 2024): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15040600.
Abstract:
As forest-based climate change mitigation has become a crucial element of international climate policy it is of increasing importance to understand the processes leading to the carbon offsetting capacity of the sector. In our study, we assessed the climate benefits of contrasting forest management strategies: decreasing harvest and enlarging the forest carbon stock, or increasing harvest to increase carbon uptake, wood product carbon pools, and substitution effects. We developed the Forest Industry Carbon Model (FICM) which is a new carbon accounting tool covering forest biomass, dead organic matter, soil, and harvested wood product pools, as well as avoided emissions through product and energy substitution. We modeled the carbon balance of the Hungarian forest industry under three different scenarios. In the business as usual (BAU) scenario, we assumed no changes in the current harvest and afforestation levels. In the extensification scenario, we assumed that the harvest and afforestation levels drop to half, while in the intensification scenario, we assumed an increase in afforestation, improved industrial wood assortments, and a gradual increase in logging, reaching the highest level as per sustainability criteria by 2050. Our results show that the intensification scenario is characterized by the largest net removals and the maximized product and energy substitution effects. By 2050, the net forest industry carbon balance reaches −8447 kt CO2 eq under the BAU scenario, while −7011 kt CO2 eq is reached under the extensification scenario and −22,135 kt CO2 eq is reached under the intensification scenario. Although substitution effects are not accounted for under the land-based (LULUCF) sector in the greenhouse gas inventory, the emission reductions in the industry and energy sectors have beneficial effects on the national carbon balance. Modeling results show that the 2030 LULUCF greenhouse gas removal target set by EU legislation for Hungary is reached under the intensification scenario. To achieve this outcome, widespread innovation is needed in the wood sector. The modeling results show that nonutilization of forests can only be a very short-term solution; however, its favorable effects will be reversed by 2050 resulting in additional emissions compared to the BAU scenario.
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Niquidet, Kurt, and Devon Friesen. "Bioenergy potential from wood residuals in Alberta: a positive mathematical programming approach." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, no. 12 (December 2014): 1586–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0205.
Abstract:
A major risk for many existing and planned wood-based bioenergy facilities is the uncertainty regarding future feedstock supply. Many bioenergy projects use waste generated from primary sectors such as lumber, and, therefore, carry the inherent risk of supply fluctuations if these industries change. To assess the long-term viability of a wood-based bioenergy facility, it is necessary to understand how biomass feedstock fluctuates with other sectors and at what cost supply can be made available. We address these issues by constructing a positive mathematical programming (PMP) model of the Alberta forest sector that focuses on optimizing fibre transfer routes. Through the use of PMP, we derive a marginal cost function for harvesting and hauling fibre to each processing facility. The results indicate that woody residual supply is quite sensitive to market conditions in the primary sector. For the most part, to support bioenergy expansion, feedstock will need to be sourced from the forest, as very few surplus mill residues are available even at high lumber prices. However, we estimate the marginal cost of delivering harvesting residues to be significant, which suggests that policy support will be needed for further bioenergy development.
39
Ratnasingam, Jegatheswaran, Florin Ioras, Saeid Reza Farrokhpayam, Manohar Mariapan, Hazirah Ab Latib, and Kang Chiang Liew. "Perceptions by Smallholder Farmers of Forest Plantations in Malaysia." Forests 12, no. 10 (October 10, 2021): 1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12101378.
Abstract:
Plantation forests are perceived to be the supplementary source of wood material for the large wood products industry in Malaysia, amidst the steadily reducing supply from her natural forests. Despite the government’s initiated plantation forests scheme, the participation of smallholder farmers has been limited. Smallholder farmers constitute the largest proportion of private farmers involved in all sectors of agricultural and plantation tree crop cultivation, including commodities such as rubber and palm oil. Therefore, this study examines the lack of interest among smallholder farmers to participate in establishing forest plantations, although they have a strong presence in the palm oil and rubber sectors. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted among 12,895 smallholder farmers currently involved in palm oil, rubber and other tree-crop cultivation. The study found that this group has little knowledge and awareness of the forest plantation scheme available, and there is a prevailing perception that the establishment of forest plantations is not environment-friendly and leads to biodiversity loss. The poor economic return, small land holding, and poorly structured market and supply chain are perceived as the significant constraints faced that limit the interest among the target groups to participate in this sector. Any effort to reverse this trend and garner higher interest from the target group will necessarily require a new policy framework that boosts the economic outlook of forest plantations among smallholder farmers.
40
Zabel, Astrid, Tobias Schulz, and Eva Lieberherr. "Grüne Wirtschaft: eine Annäherung an mögliche Zielkonflikte und Synergien im Wald." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 169, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2018.0143.
Abstract:
Green economy: an approximation of possible goal conflicts and synergies in the forest The development of sectors of a “sustainable” or “green” economy often involve trade-offs with other demands for resources and scarce land. The ambition to use agricultural areas more economically and to promote renewable energy production, has led to several recent changes in the legislation in Switzerland. These changes are likely to create a dynamic that will intensify trade-offs in forests. In this paper we discuss two examples of the renewable energy sector – wood biomass and wind power. We explore how these growing sectors could affect the provision of forest ecosystem services. We identify both conflicts as well as synergies, whereby we find that especially effects of increased energy wood use will strongly depend on the sylvicultural practices applied. The research project “ATREE” will broaden this analysis, including further sectors of the “green” economy and will present corresponding policy recommendations to resolve such tradeoffs.
41
Purwestri, Ratna C., Miroslav Hájek, Miroslava Šodková, and Vilém Jarský. "How Are Wood and Non-Wood Forest Products Utilized in the Czech Republic? A Preliminary Assessment of a Nationwide Survey on the Bioeconomy." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2020): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020566.
Abstract:
The Czech forests occupy 33.7% of the total country area; thus, wood and non-wood forest products (NWFPs) are important resources for the country. To date, the country has not adopted a forest bioeconomy strategy. A forest bioeconomy is defined as all activities that relate to the forest ecosystem services (FES). This study aimed to provide an initial evaluation regarding the use of forest products and related factors, and to make recommendations on developing wood consumption and promoting other FES for the adoption of a forest bioeconomy strategy in the country. The research study was part of a nationwide survey in June 2019. An online panel of 1050 respondents aged 18–65 years old was recruited based on a quota sampling procedure. Wood products were the most preferred material for furniture (96.3%) and building materials (46.3%). In total, 38.6% of Czech residents used wood as a source of energy, mostly in the form of firewood. It is challenging to switch the practice from using fossil-based heating to wood boiler energy source. The further development of wood into products with a high added value is recommended. Picking mushrooms and berries were among the popular activities in relation to NWFPs. The promotion of wood and NWFPs is encouraged, starting with increasing awareness and knowledge of the strength of the forest-based sector as a renewable energy resource and the importance of FES, using different channels as sources of information.
42
Vance, Eric D., Ben H. Cazell, H. Nick Chappell, Howard W. Duzan, Marshall A. Jacobson, John R. Johnson, and James L. Rakestraw. "Enhancing Forest Technology: Research Priorities of the Southern Forest Sector." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 34, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/34.1.38.
Abstract:
Abstract The southern forest sector has undergone dramatic changes over the past decade, including shifts in land ownership (from integrated forest product companies to organizations with different objectives and time horizons) and losses of forestland to development. The ability to support sustainable biomass production for traditional and emerging markets is at risk because of a decline in industry research infrastructure and because of dilution of government agency and university forest productivity research with other priorities. To assess forest productivity research priorities, a survey was distributed to integrated forest products companies, real estate investment trusts, timber investment management organizations, and consulting organizations based in the South. Environmental services were a top priority for all organization types, cited as a high or very high priority by 74% of respondents, followed by forest management (64%), improving wood quality delivered to mills (57%), and biotechnology and tree improvement (39%). The highest priority individual research needs were to quantify the potential of managed forests to sequester carbon and sustain water quality and biodiversity and to update growth and yield models to account for changing stand, genetic, management, and environmental factors. Respondents rely mostly on university cooperatives and industrial research organizations for both basic and applied/technology transfer research.
43
Lanfredi, Maria, Rosa Coluzzi, Vito Imbrenda, Bogdana Nosova, Massimiliano Giacalone, Rosario Turco, Marcela Prokopovà, and Luca Salvati. "In-between Environmental Sustainability and Economic Viability: An Analysis of the State, Regulations, and Future of Italian Forestry Sector." Land 12, no. 5 (May 3, 2023): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12051001.
Abstract:
Forest management is a complex topic at the interface between sustainability and the resilience of socioeconomic and environmental systems. The influence of market forces, supranational, country and regional policies, as well as climate change, on forest goods and services, is expected to increase in the near future. Such a complex interplay between economic and environmental forces is common to most European countries. The aim of this study is to operationally delineate and discuss the transition of the environmental sustainability and economic viability of forestry in Italy. This country encompasses the typical Mediterranean ecosystems with broad forest coverage in mountainous and hilly areas, where expanding woodland areas have been observed in the last decades mainly as a consequence of the decline of agropastoral activities, especially in disadvantaged and marginal areas. The consequent increase in wood biomass was frequently conceived as an element of environmental criticality, exposing woods to high vulnerability to wildfires and a consequent reduction in their economic value, possibly exacerbated by local warming. These dynamics usually took place in contexts where only a part of the overall forest heritage was subjected to regular management, despite the efforts made through various policies such as the Constitutional Law 3/2001 and the recent Law on Forests and Forestry Supply Chains. The latter policy tool, enhancing the concept of “active forest management” aimed to establish a sustainable approach to forest resources, leading to a broader forest area for formal planning and controlled harvesting. These dynamics took place in parallel with the inherent expansion in forest certification schemes formally promoting long-term environmental sustainability and a wider spectrum of forest ecosystems. Timber and non-wood materials and products are key elements from the perspective of achieving sustainable (climate-neutral) development in advanced economies.
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Brand, David G. "Forest management in New South Wales, Australia." Forestry Chronicle 73, no. 5 (October 1, 1997): 578–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc73578-5.
Abstract:
Forest management policy in New South Wales, Australia, has been dramatically changing during the past two decades in response to public controversy and widening expectations of the values that the forest should provide to society. The nature of NSW forest management today is a reflection of the unique Australian forest ecology, the nature of the forest sector, and the emergence of conflict and polarized views on forest management in the past two decades. Recent efforts have made progress in resolving the forest debate. The key elements have included an expanded protected areas reserve system, expanded reliance on plantation forests for wood supply, increased wood security for native forest industries in return for a commitment to value-adding and the implementation of an ecologically sustainable forest management framework. Like other Australian States, NSW is currently negotiating Regional Forest Agreements with the Commonwealth Government that will set the stage for future directions in forest management. Key words: forest policy, Australia, New South Wales forest management
45
Adayi, George M., John F. Eshun, Eric D. Marfo, Nikolay A. Babich, Vladimir I. Melekhov, and Denis N. Klevtsov. "Forest Resources of the Republic of Ghana." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 5 (October 20, 2022): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2022-5-186-194.
Abstract:
The Republic of Ghana is among the 50 countries in the world with the highest biodiversity of plant and animal species. The network of forest reserves in the country is the basis for the rich biodiversity conservation. One third of the Ghana’s territory was covered with natural rainforests at the beginning of the 20th century. These forests are now classified as reserves and vulnerable areas. Ghana has two main types of vegetation: savannahs and forests. Their features are determined by the amount of precipitation, moisture level, geology and soils. An inventory of Ghana’s forest resources revealed that the area of forests had been reduced by 19 %. Biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation, ecotourism and the improvement of living conditions have become important areas in Ghana’s forestry. This has led to significant changes in forest management and logging technologies. The large-scale afforestation programs initiated in the country support the conservation of many populations of flora and fauna. The forest sector includes forest management and woodworking industry, which contribute significantly to currency earnings in Ghana via the export of wood products. Revenue from the export of primary forest products amounted to USD 230.2 million in 2015. Ghana uses 26 types of wood species to produce various parts of garden furniture for export. The forest sector employs more than 100,000 workers. Ghana earns enormous revenues from the export of sawn timber and wood products, so there is an afforestation program. The government’s policy is requiring all timber companies that cut down trees to plant seedlings for the restoration of rainforests. Ghana is ready for a large-scale afforestation campaign so as to contribute to solving the problem of deforestation and climate change that humanity is facing.
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FIGUEIRA, CLAUDECILIA CHAVES DE OLIVEIRA, MARCELINO CARNEIRO GUEDES, and ANA MARGARIDA CASTRO EULER. "HARVESTING AND PROCESSING OF NATIVE WOOD FROM UPLAND TROPICAL FORESTS IN AMAPÁ, EASTERN AMAZONIA." FLORESTA 50, no. 4 (September 29, 2020): 1827. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v50i4.66018.
Abstract:
Knowledge about the activity of the timber sector and local industries assists in the management of a forest economy based on sustainable use in the Amazon. In this study, the situation of the timber sector of the municipality of Porto Grande-AP was examined to detail the extraction and processing of native wood from the Amazon and the sustainable use of this resource by the local sector. Forms were applied in all sawmills of the municipality, which collected information on factors of production and commercialization of native wood for the year 2017. In addition, interviews with local merchants were done and secondary data collection from several institutions related to the sector was conducted. All sawmills in the municipality exercise licensed activity and processed 69,300 m3 of wood in the period, with an average extraction of 21 m3/ha. The sawmills productive income was 55%, above of the 35%, maximum recently established by CONAMA. There is no destination for productive of residual waste generated by most sawmills and lumber is marketed mainly to the Northeast of Brazil for use in civil construction. Thus, in order to guarantee better economic and environmental performance of the sector, it is recommended that sawmills search for new forest areas as sources of raw material, participate in forest certification programs, and seek ways to use residual waste for bioenergy generation. The government recommends that new forests be managed through actions that solve land tenure problems and increase the supply of public forests, and for certified management units the recommendation is to reduce licensing costs, and simplify the bureaucratic processes of environmental agencies.
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RATNASINGAM, Jegatheswaran, Geetha RAMASAMY, Weiching TOONG, Florin IORAS, Cristina Maria CANJA, Mirabela Ioana LUPU, and Ioan Vasile ABRUDAN. "Carbon Stocking in the Natural Forests - The Case of Malaysia." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 43, no. 1 (June 16, 2015): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4319978.
Abstract:
Forested land in the world is about 28% of the global land area, accounting for 80% of the terrestrial carbon stored as biomass and soil organic carbon. Human activities, namely fossil fuel combustion and deforestation resulted in anthropogenic emissions into the atmosphere. Deforestation is being focused in this study in view of the role of forests as carbon stocks. Carbon is normally referred to as biomass of the tree. Several studies revealed that carbon is mostly sequestered in the aboveground part of biomass. As Southeast Asia has the highest level of deforestation, this study focused on observing carbon stocks in Malaysian forests. The conducted estimation of forest carbon stocks reveals carbon stock increment owing to the increment in the forested land. Yet, the forest transition process necessary for expanding the areas of forested land appears to be difficult to achieve. The economic development in the agricultural sector, land conversion for industrialization and settlement, expansion of wood-based industry and employment opportunities in the wood-based sector may hamper forest transition.
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Bonislavska, Arina. "WAYS TO IMPROVE THE SYSTEM OF STATE REGULATION OF THE FOREST SECTOR IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR AND EUROPEAN INTEGRATION." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Public Administration 17, no. 1 (2023): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2616-9193.2023/17-2/7.
Abstract:
Forests are an important segment of the country's economy, which is seriously suffering due to active military operations. The shelling caused many fires, some of which started in the "emerald belt" – nature conservation areas. In addition, a large number of destroyed forests were artificially planted, which eliminates the possibility of their natural restoration. At the same time, wood remains important for exports that support our country's economy in this difficult time, and a resource for construction materials that will be needed in huge quantities to rebuild the destroyed infrastructure. This is what determines the need for the fastest possible improvement of the state system of regulation of the forest sector, taking into account modern challenges and needs, as well as the European integration processes that are actively taking place in the country. The content of the modern regulation system of the forestry sector is revealed in the article. The main problems of the functioning of the system of regulating the activities of forest sector entities operating in Ukraine are highlighted. The experience of European countries regarding the reform of the forest management system is considered and the expediency of its implementation in domestic practice is substantiated. To reveal the research topic, a thorough analysis of Ukrainian and foreign scientific, legislative and journalistic sources was carried out. This made it possible to come to the conclusion that in order to improve the functioning of the domestic forest sector, it is necessary to: to diversify the methods and tools of fiscal and credit stimulation of business in the forest sector; use innovative methods and technologies in the management of forestry and woodworking business; apply the tools of preferential taxation in the case of implementation of projects to increase the level of utilization of non-liquid wood, sawn residues, lumpy waste, sawdust and shavings; to stimulate the production of biofuel based on the processing of wood waste; carry out a comprehensive review of laws and by-laws regulating forest relations, with the aim of bringing them into line with the legislative framework of the European Union; use benchmarking, factoring and fundraising technologies. These conclusions were obtained as a result of the analysis of the Ukrainian experience of reforming the system of state regulation of the forest sector and potential directions for its further transformation into the conditions of European integration and reconstruction of Ukraine.
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Khvesyk, Michael, and Alexander Shubalyi. "Trends and prospects processing industries forest complex of Ukraine." Journal Scientific and Applied Research 1, no. 1 (February 24, 2012): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v1i1.28.
Abstract:
The paper presents the key trends forestry processing industries in Ukraine. The analysis of changes in the structure of production in terms of basic forestry sectors. The basic performance of the wood industry. The analysis of trends in output of major products of wood processing. The tendencies of pulp and paper production and the manufacture and studied the dynamics of foreign trade balance in terms of the for-estry sector. The necessity of further development of areas of deep processing of timber and other forest re-sources to reduce the export and import of raw materiALS.
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Top, Yener, and Adem Özbek. "Financial Literacy in Micro-Scale Enterprises Operating in Forest Products Sector." Drvna industrija 73, no. 1 (March 19, 2022): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2022.2035.
Abstract:
Enterprises are one of the main components of the economic system and they are indispensable for maintaining the sustainability of economic activities. The majority of these enterprises are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Sustainability of SMEs depends on their good financial management. Inadequate financial literacy causes SMEs’ owners to make inaccurate financial decisions. The forest products sector is mostly composed of micro-scale enterprises in which financial problems are common. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the financial literacy status of the owners of micro-scale and wood-processing enterprises. For this purpose, 78 enterprises were selected as study population. Data were collected by applying a structured questionnaire to 43 of these companies by the face-to-face interview method. The structured questionnaire consisted of multiple-choice and open-ended questions and statements prepared on the Five Likert scales. Data were analysed by using the Independent-Sample T-Test, Mann-Whitney U-Test and correlation test. The reliability coefficient of the data was found to be 0.791. Of the enterprises, 58 % produced in the furniture sub-sector and 42 % in the wood products sub-sector. This study provides evidence that there was no statistically significant difference between the knowledge means of economics and financial behaviour of the furniture and wood products sectors. However, the enterprise owners’ knowledge of financial analysis positively affected their financial literacy and financial behaviour.