Academic literature on the topic 'Wood forest sector'
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Journal articles on the topic "Wood forest sector":
1
Mizaras, Stasys, Diana Mizaraite, Arvydas Lebedys, Aidas Pivoriunas, and Olgirda Belova. "Lithuania." Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 1, Special Edition 2 (February 1, 2005): 437–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37045/aslh-2005-0022.
Abstract:
In Lithuania forests occupy about 2 million hectares, it consists 31.3% of total land area. 32.2% of forests are privately owned. Annual removal is 6.5 million m³. The main production of the Lithuanian woodworking industry is sawn wood, furniture. Lithuanian forests are not only the source of wood products but also non- wood forest products such as berries, mushrooms, game etc. Forests are owned by 222.2 thousands private forest owners and 42 state forest enterprises. Forest industry consists 873 companies; most of there are SME’s. The main factors effecting the competitiveness of forest-wood /non-wood/servicesconsumer chain from the point of view of entrepreneurship in Lithuania: rich wood and non-wood products resources; low level of round wood prices;, favourable geographical location; low cost of labour; the possibilities to get financial support from EU funds. Barriers to entrepreneurship: low level of domestic market development for wood and non-wood products (especially for small-sized round wood); the small-scale private forestry; high transaction cost for entrepreneurship; low capital resources (GDP per capita is low; biggest part of consumption expenditures fall to food and housing); low level of investments and innovations; very weak integration of forest sector to rural development programmes; low knowledge of business establishment and management; weak connections between research and business. The main problems and research questions for enterprise development in the forest sector: domestic market development strategies; urban consumers demand for forest products and services, integration of forestry into rural development; clasterisation of wood working industry; social structure of small-scale private forest owners; conflicts resolutions of multipurpose forest utilisation.
2
Schwarzbauer, Peter, and Martin Braun. "Auswirkungen von Nutzungsrestriktionen auf die Wertschöpfungskette Holz – Beispiel Österreich." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 168, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2017.0041.
Abstract:
Impacts of harvest reductions on the value-added wood chain – the case of Austria Wooden biomass availability and the possibility of a scarcity due to a potential harvest reduction are of crucial importance to the Austrian forest-based sector but also relevant for decision makers in environmental policy. The simulation model of the Austrian forest-based sector (model: “Forst- und Holzwirtschaft”, FOHOW) was used to simulate two independent scenarios with harvest reduction in forests available for wood supply (FAWS). In one scenario the reductions are implemented on FAWS of “average” profitability, in the other scenario the reductions take place on FAWS with “poor” profitability. On the one hand, the aim of the study was the analysis of the impacts of reduced wood supply on the value-added wood chain until 2025, on the other hand the impact intensities of the two scenarios have been compared. In general, a harvest reduction resulting in less wood supply has a negative impact on the Austrian forest-based sector. While forestry and the sawmill industry suffer more from a harvest reduction in FAWS with average profitability (because of the lower supply of coniferous roundwood), a harvest reduction in FAWS with lower profitability would affect the panel and paper industry as well as the wood-based energy sector more negatively; reduced harvests in these forest areas would mainly reduce the supply of non-coniferous wood. This, in turn would fuel the competition between the use of wood for materials vs. energy and push pulp- and fuelwood prices up.
3
Maximo, Yasmin, Mariana Hassegawa, Pieter Johannes Verkerk, and André Missio. "Forest Bioeconomy in Brazil: Potential Innovative Products from the Forest Sector." Land 11, no. 8 (August 11, 2022): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081297.
Abstract:
The forest sector plays an important role in the circular bioeconomy due to its focus on renewable materials that can substitute fossil or greenhouse gas emissions-intensive materials, store carbon in bio-based products and provide ecosystem services. This study investigates the state of the bioeconomy in Brazil and its forest industry. Specifically, this study presents some examples of novel wood-based products being developed or manufactured in Brazil and discusses possible opportunities for the development of the country’s forest sector. The pulp and paper industry plays an important role in the forest sector. It has also been showing advancements in the development of cascading uses of wood invalue-added products, such as nanocrystalline cellulose, wood-based textile fibers, lignin-based products, and chemical derivatives from tall oil. Product and business diversification through the integration of the pulp and paper industry to biorefineries could provide new opportunities. Moreover, biochemicals derived from non-wood forest products, such as resin and tannins could promote diversification and competitiveness of the Brazilian forest industry. Although some engineered wood products are still a novelty in Brazil, the market for such products will likely expand in the future following the global trends in wood construction.
4
Jonsson, Ragnar. "How to cope with changing demand conditions — The Swedish forest sector as a case study: an analysis of major drivers of change in the use of wood resources." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 43, no. 4 (April 2013): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2012-0139.
Abstract:
Promotion of renewable energy sources in Europe is foreseen to result in a dramatic increase in the demand for woody biomass. This paper assesses whether wood resources in the European Union (EU) will support future demand. Possible implications for countries with ample forest resources and a well-developed forest industry, such as Sweden, of an expected mounting demand pressure are discussed. Other drivers of change in global wood product markets posing challenges for the forest sector in general are also addressed. These drivers are reviewed and, together with the results from the EUwood project and econometric wood market models, analyzed as to their impacts on the Swedish forest sector. Demand is foreseen to vastly exceed the potential supply of woody biomass in Europe, putting a tremendous pressure on the Swedish forest resource and necessitating trade-offs between different ecosystem services. Further, projections suggest that Sweden will decrease in importance in production as well as consumption terms for all wood products.
5
Leyton-Brown, David. "Hewers of Wood: The Forest Products Sector." International Journal 42, no. 1 (1986): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40202430.
6
Leyton-Brown, David. "Hewers of Wood: The Forest Products Sector." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 42, no. 1 (March 1987): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070208704200104.
7
Smyth, C. E., G. Stinson, E. Neilson, T. C. Lemprière, M. Hafer, G. J. Rampley, and W. A. Kurz. "Quantifying the biophysical climate change mitigation potential of Canada's forest sector." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2014): 441–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-441-2014.
Abstract:
Abstract. The potential of forests and the forest sector to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is widely recognized, but challenging to quantify at a national scale. Forests and their carbon (C) sequestration potential are affected by management practices, where wood harvesting transfers C out of the forest into products, and subsequent regrowth allows further C sequestration. Here we determine the mitigation potential of the 2.3 × 106 km2 of Canada's managed forests from 2015 to 2050 using the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS3), a harvested wood products model that estimates emissions based on product half-life decay times, and an account of emission substitution benefits from the use of wood products and bioenergy. We examine several mitigation scenarios with different assumptions about forest management activity levels relative to a base-case scenario, including improved growth from silvicultural activities, increased harvest and residue management for bioenergy, and reduced harvest for conservation. We combine forest management options with two mitigation scenarios for harvested wood product use involving an increase in either long-lived products or bioenergy uses. Results demonstrate large differences among alternative scenarios, and we identify potential mitigation scenarios with increasing benefits to the atmosphere for many decades into the future, as well as scenarios with no net benefit over many decades. The greatest mitigation impact was achieved through a mix of strategies that varied across the country and had cumulative mitigation of 254 Tg CO2e in 2030, and 1180 Tg CO2e in 2050. We conclude that (i) national-scale forest sector mitigation options need to be assessed rigorously from a systems perspective to avoid the development of policies that deliver no net benefits to the atmosphere, (ii) a mix of strategies implemented across the country achieves the greatest mitigation impact, and (iii) because of the time delays in achieving carbon benefits for many forest-based mitigation activities, future contributions of the forest sector to climate mitigation can be maximized if implemented soon.
8
Smyth, C. E., G. Stinson, E. Neilson, T. C. Lemprière, M. Hafer, G. J. Rampley, and W. A. Kurz. "Quantifying the biophysical climate change mitigation potential of Canada's forest sector." Biogeosciences 11, no. 13 (July 3, 2014): 3515–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3515-2014.
Abstract:
Abstract. The potential of forests and the forest sector to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is widely recognized, but challenging to quantify at a national scale. Forests and their carbon (C) sequestration potential are affected by management practices, where wood harvesting transfers C out of the forest into products, and subsequent regrowth allows further C sequestration. Here we determine the mitigation potential of the 2.3 × 106 km2 of Canada's managed forests from 2015 to 2050 using the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS3), a harvested wood products (HWP) model that estimates emissions based on product half-life decay times, and an account of emission substitution benefits from the use of wood products and bioenergy. We examine several mitigation scenarios with different assumptions about forest management activity levels relative to a base case scenario, including improved growth from silvicultural activities, increased harvest and residue management for bioenergy, and reduced harvest for conservation. We combine forest management options with two mitigation scenarios for harvested wood product use involving an increase in either long-lived products or bioenergy uses. Results demonstrate large differences among alternative scenarios, and we identify potential mitigation scenarios with increasing benefits to the atmosphere for many decades into the future, as well as scenarios with no net benefit over many decades. The greatest mitigation impact was achieved through a mix of strategies that varied across the country and had cumulative mitigation of 254 Tg CO2e in 2030, and 1180 Tg CO2e in 2050. There was a trade-off between short-term and long-term goals, in that maximizing short-term emissions reduction could reduce the forest sector's ability to contribute to longer-term objectives. We conclude that (i) national-scale forest sector mitigation options need to be assessed rigorously from a systems perspective to avoid the development of policies that deliver no net benefits to the atmosphere, (ii) a mix of strategies implemented across the country achieves the greatest mitigation impact, and (iii) because of the time delays in achieving carbon benefits for many forest-based mitigation activities, future contributions of the forest sector to climate mitigation can be maximized if implemented soon.
9
Морковина, Светлана, Svetlana Morkovina, Иван Торжков, and Ivan Torzhkov. "Mechanisms of Diversification in Forest Sector." Forestry Engineering Journal 7, no. 3 (November 1, 2017): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59c21ba6be03a9.24492898.
Abstract:
In the article substantiates that development of forest complex of the Russian economy is not possible without the implementation of structural reforms and emphasis on diversification of forestry as an important industry segment. Reasons for diversification of forest complex are shown, including: disparities in development of technological chain - forestry-logging-woodworking; technological, territorial and economic fragmentation of forest, harvesting and processing enterprises and industries; infrastructural and economic barriers; low level of Research and Advanced Development and industrial innovation at all stages of technologically related industries. It is proved that diversification of forestry should be carried out at the level of the most significant sub-systems: reforestation and afforestation in order to transfer to the technologies allowing reducing the period of growing of wood and target assortments. Diversification of forestry is possible during the transition from forest crops to plantation afforestation through the establishment of industrial forest plantations on the lands of forest fund. To reduce the risk component in the diversification of forest production, creation of industrial forest plantations must be carried out not far from industrial consumers of wood, which will ensure the economic feasibility of growing, harvesting and delivery of wood raw material. The proposed mechanism of diversification in combination with biotechnology will provide increasing demand for timber, with significant reduction of the environmental load on natural forest stands, allowing you to preserve natural ecosystems for purposes of recreation. Introduction of biotechnology in forestry will reduce the gap in development segments of the forest complex and increase wood supply for diversified industries. Diversification of forestry and development of industrial plantation afforestation is constrained by legal framework and absence of measures of financial support of enterprises of forest complex.
10
Montgomery, Claire A. "Modeling the United States Housing Sector." Forest Science 47, no. 3 (August 1, 2001): 371–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/47.3.371.
Abstract:
Abstract New residential construction and improvement of existing housing account for most of the solid wood products consumption in the United States. It is important for forest policy analysts and those interested in wood products markets to understand the implications of changes in macroeconomic variables on housing markets and, hence, on wood products markets and forests. In past studies of U.S. housing markets used for long-run forest policy analysis, the time series properties of the macroeconomic data used to estimate the models were ignored. To the extent that estimation results are sensitive to those properties, the resulting model forecasts may be misleading. This study reports a structural model of the housing sector in the United States estimated using five alternative specifications to account for the time series properties of the data. Estimation results were compared, and model forecast performance was evaluated. Several stable estimation results emerged. However, further investigation is indicated for some potentially important relationships that were sensitive to model specification. FOR. SCI. 47(3):371–389.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wood forest sector":
1
Murphy, David Gerald. "Cooperative industrial relations in the B.C. solid wood products sector." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31245.
Abstract:
The initiation of more cooperative relations between the companies and the union (IWA-Canada) in the B.C. solid wood products sector, on the one hand, and between these two and the federal government, on the other hand, appears to signal an end to the "exceptionalism" which precluded the establishment of "corporatism" in Canadian industry. As the sector has been under tremendous pressure from various structural and technological changes, as well as interest groups both inside the forest industry and outside of it, does this change in industrial relations provide a model for the future forest industry or is it an impediment to change, as many critics contend.
This thesis will explore the formation of "Fordist" industrial relations in the sector and the present "crisis" in Fordism as it relates to the sector, in order to understand the factors impelling cooperative industrial relations, and how these factors will affect these relations in the future. As these factors are undermining Fordism, they might also undermine the tentative, defensive cooperation between the three parties. In place of this exclusive policy-making regime a new, broad-based, decentralized, and more democratically controlled forest sector might emerge which will encourage cooperative industrial relations, but without the dominance of the old Fordist structures. The ensuing changes will widely affect economic, political and social relations throughout the province.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
2
Amoah, Martin. "Assessment of raw material utilisation efficiency of the forest-wood chain as influenced by the forest sector reform in Ghana." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-opus-55502.
3
Yazdeen, Haji Haji. "Integrating Material Flow Cost Accounting with Life cycle assessment to Assess the Economic an Environmental Performances of Selected Wood Industries in the Landes de Gascogne Forest, France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0153.
Abstract:
Il y a une préoccupation croissante quant à l’impact de nos modes de consommation et de production sur notre planète, au point que nous atteignons les limites de croissance avec la planète incapable d’assimiler indéfiniment les effets des activités anthropiques. En conséquence, au cours des dernières années, les préoccupations croissantes concernant le changement climatique ont poussé les organisations commerciales à changer leurs priorités, non seulement pour atteindre des objectifs économiques, mais également pour considérer les objectifs écologiques. La foresterie, qui est une partie importante de la nature, a traditionnellement été un fournisseur de matières premières renouvelables pour l’utilisation industrielle (sciage, pâte et papier, panneaux de particules, etc.) et pour le bois de chauffage domestique. Bien que de nombreuses études aient été menées dans ce domaine, peu d’attention a été accordée à l’importance de l’évaluation monétaire de l’impact environnemental négatif pour déterminer le véritable prix des produits en bois et prendre une décision éclairée pour l’investissement. Cette étude vise à évaluer la performance économique et environnementale de cinq produits en bois de pin maritime, issus du processus Gate-to-Gate dans la forêt des Landes de Gascogne en France. Les données ont été collectées sur la base d’une revue de la littérature et des références mentionnées dans le chapitre quatre et le chapitre cinq de cette étude, puis ces données ont été utilisées dans l’analyse du logiciel semipro pour identifier l’impact environnemental (Gate-to-gate) pour les produits étudiés par la méthodologie d’évaluation du cycle de vie (LCA) et un modèle de coût a été établi pour chaque produit par la méthodologie de coût du cycle de vie (LCC). Ensuite, les deux méthodologies ont été liées en utilisant la comptabilité des coûts des flux de matières (MFCA), et les résultats ont correspondu à la part de marché spécifiée dans le chapitre trois par l’analyse des flux de matières (MFA)There is an increasing understanding that our consumption and production patterns have to change to stay within our planetary boundaries, the planet being unable to indefinitely assimilate the effects of current anthropic activities. Correspondingly, in recent years, growing concerns about climate change pollution and biodiversity loss have driven business organizations to change their priorities, not only to achieve economic objectives, but also to consider ecological goals. Forestry, an important part of natural systems, has been a traditional supplier of renewable raw materials for industrial use (e.g., sawmilling for construction wood, pulp and paper, particle boards), as well as for domestic fuelwood. Although many studies have been conducted in this field, little attention has been paid to the importance of the monetary valuation of negative environmental impacts in order to determine the true price of wood products to take informed investment decisions. This study aims to assess economic and environmental performance of five maritime pinewood products during the gate-to-gate process (harvesting to semifinal product) in the Landes de Gascogne Forest (“Landes Forest”) in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of France. The product groups considered are construction wood, pulp, plywood, pellets and pallets. For this purpose, the study uses several systemanalytical methods in combination: material flow analysis (MFA), life-cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle costing (LCC) and material flow cost accounting (MFCA). The relevant MFA data in Chapter 3 was collected from an industrial partner and based on databases, literature sources and other references to obtain Life Cycle Inventories for the LCA study in Chapter 4. The LCA software SimaPro was used for this analysis, applying the ReCiPe life-cycle impact assessment method to identify the environmental impact (gate-to-gate) of the studied products. A cost model based on the Environmental Prices Handbook was developed in Chapter 5 to estimate the external costs based on the environmental impact results. This has been set for each product group and integrated into environmental LCC to compare the external with the internal costs, in far as possible with the data available. The methodologies have been tied together in Chapter 6 using MFCA; results correspond to the market share specified in Chapter 3 by MFA. We found that, among the studied products, unbleached pulp and plywood production have the highest economic and environmental costs at €32.36/€15.13 and €27.22/€7.14, respectively. That means that the best use of raw timber is as construction wood due to two reasons: first, the long lifespan of construction wood compared to other studied products; second, not only is less energy is required in the production process, but chemical materials are also absent from the process. This study proposes a suitable methodology framework for the economic and environmental assessment of forest products and other industries. Moreover, this work reviews the design and monitoring of wood from a sustainable resource and environmental impact perspective The environmental impacts costs (external costs or externalities) and key internal costs have been estimated for studied product groups. [...]
4
Richou, Elsa. "La filière forêt-bois française confrontée aux défis de l’écologisation : de l’arbre «sensible» à la malforestation." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU1080.
Abstract:
En ce début de XXIe siècle, la filière forêt-bois française est considérée comme un acteur majeur dans la réflexion en cours sur les conséquences du changement climatique et les moyens d’y remédier. Ainsi, le bois, assimilé à une ressource dite renouvelable, est appelé à devenir un substitut de choix aux ressources moins « pérennes » issues, par exemple, de la pétrochimie. En ce sens, la filière forêt-bois, qui a bien perçu l’enjeu, doit mais aussi souhaite produire plus. En effet, le programme national de la forêt et du bois (PNFB 2016-2026) prévoit une mobilisation supplémentaire à hauteur de 12 millions de mètre cubes à l’horizon 2026. Cependant, la filière fait face de nos jours aux conséquences de l’écologisation croissante des esprits, à l’œuvre dans la société française. En ce sens, la sylviculture pratiquée actuellement se voit remise en cause à travers la promotion de la notion de la malforestation. Par ailleurs, la société réinvestit significativement la forêt en tant qu’espace de ressourcement, à travers la sylvothérapie, avec en parallèle l’émergence d’une nouvelle approche de l’écosystème forestier portée par des réflexions autour de l’arbre sensible.Dans ce contexte, notre recherche doctorale vise à mettre en évidence, d’une part, comment la filière forêt-bois, et surtout son industrie, est interrogée par le phénomène d’écologisation ; et d’autre part, la façon dont les acteurs de cette même filière perçoivent les enjeux induits par cette remise en cause contemporaineSince the beginning of the 21st century, the French forest-wood sector has been considered a major player in the current debate on the impacts of climate change as well as a tool to address this issue. Wood, which is considered a "renewable" resource, is destined to become a substitute of choice for less "sustainable" resources (i.e. petrochemicals ressources). In this sense, the forest-based sector, which has clearly perceived the challenge, must, but also wishes to produce more. Therefore, the national forest and wood programme (PNFB 2016-2026) foresee an additional mobilization of 12 million cubic metres by 2026. However, the sector is nowadays facing the consequences of the increasing écologisation of the minds at work in French society. On this account, the forestry currently practised is being called into question through the promotion of the notion of malforestation. In addition, society is significantly reinvesting in the forest as a space for resourcefulness, through forest bathing, with the parallel emergence of a new approach to the forest ecosystem based on reflections on the sensitive tree.In this context, our PhD research aims to highlight, on one hand, how the forest-bases sector, and especially its industry, is being questioned by the phenomenon of écologisation ; and on the other hand, how the actors of this same sector perceive the stakes induced by this contemporary questioning
5
Nordigården, Daniel. "Outsourcing in the Wood Product Manufacturing Sector A Combined Customer and Supplier Perspective." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell marknadsföring och industriell ekonomi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10243.
Abstract:
Outsourcing can be defined as transferring an activity from internal to external control. This thesis studies outsourcing in the wood product manufacturing (WPM) sector from both a customer and supplier perspective. The research design is a multiple case study approach, and it is based on six Scandinavian companies in the door, floor and window industries and one larger supplier of raw material. This study provides an understanding of driving forces for outsourcing in a different context than previously studied and has identified cost reduction in combination with reallocating resources from non-core activities as main driving forces. Compared to several other industrial sectors, outsourcing strategies for the WPM firms have little to do with accessing external sources’ capabilities. In the literature, there is often a main focus on the strategic level of outsourcing, however, such heavy resource-based focus in terms of a core competence approach in the formulation of outsourcing strategies at the customer side risks forgetting that components can still be vulnerable to supplier failure. Here, more focus needs to be put on the operational level when considering outsourcing. This thesis illustrates customers considering outsourcing where there are not any given outsourcing supplier partners developed. At the same time, for the supplier side, forward integration and specialising by taking over outsourcing is complicated by an initial divergent production flow of sawn timber. When not all contexts have developed supplier markets for directly managing outsourcing, it should not be assumed that general outsourcing models are directly applicable. In general, the question of whether or not to outsource seems too complex to simply be considered as either “in or out”. A company needs safeguards when conducting outsourcing and in a situation where there is a non-developed supplier market, parallel in-house production becomes an alternative.
6
Peña, José Luis Marcelo. "Diversidade florística, dendrologia e dendroecologia em florestas estacionais decíduas do Centro e Norte do Peru." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-04082017-143653/.
Abstract:
Neste estudo analisamos a diversidade e endemismos da flora lenhosa das florestas estacionais decíduas (FEDs) do norte e centro do Perú. Caracterizamos a diversidade das plantas lenhosas ao longo dos vales, para definir os valores de conservação da área a nível nacional. Os resultados indicam que as FEDs do vale do Marañón apresentam valores significativamente altos em endemias em relação às outras FEDs do Perú e FEDs vizinhas e o padrão de endemismos e estrutura populacional das espécies variam no gradiente geográfico e altitudinal. Em constraste, as FEDs do vale do rio Tambo, centro do Perú, são moderadamente ricas em espécies do que a média das FEDs neotropicais e apresentam escassos endemismos. Esta região necessita de mais esforços de pesquisas para conhecer mais profundamente os elementos da biodiversidade. Neste estudo, também realizamos a caracterização dendro-anatômica do lenho das árvores de 87 espécies, sendo o primeiro registro da anatomia da madeira das árvores dos dois vales. Das análises do lenho das 183 espécies registradas nas florestas do norte e centro do Perú, só 157 apresentam anéis de crescimento e precisam ser analisadas em detalhe com outras pesquisas de desenvolvimento cambial e técnicas tradicionais de análises dendrocronológicas. A derivação desta informação pode alcançar alto impacto em estudos de variabilidade climática e aplicações na conservação. Assim mesmo, a análise preliminar dendrocronológica das taxas de crescimento do tronco revelam que as árvores de Cedrela kuelapensis apresentam as taxas de crescimento mais altas e ressaltam como um excelente recurso para programas de reflorestamento nos vales interandinos, além, das populações endêmicas de Cordia iguaguana e Esenbeckia cornuta são principalmente de exemplares jovens. Esperamos que as informações dos cinco capítulos constituam-se uma eficiente e importante ferramenta para melhorar a gestão dos recursos florestais dos vales estudados.In this study we analyzed the diversity and endemism of the woody flora of Seazonally dry tropical forests (SDTF) in northern and central Peru. We characterized the diversity of woody plants along the valleys to define the conservation values of the area at the national and international levels. The results indicate that the SDTF s of the Marañón Valley show surprisingly high values in endemics in relation to other SDTF s in Peru and neighboring SDTFs, and the pattern of endemism and population structure of the species varies in geographic and altitudinal grades. In contrast, the SDTFs of the Tambo River Valley, central Peru, are moderately rich in species that average the neotropical SDTFs and have scarce endemism. This region needs more efforts to get to know the elements of biodiversity more deeply. In this study, we also performed the dendroanatomic characterization of 87 species and is the first report of the anatomy of the wood for the two valleys. From the analysis of the wood of the 183 species recorded in the forests of northern and central Peru, only 157 have growth rings and need to be analyzed in detail with other studies of exchange rate development and traditional techniques of dendrochronological analysis. The derivation of this information can reach high impact in studies of climatic variability and conservation applications. Likewise, the preliminary dendrochronological analysis of growth rates reveals that Cedrela kuelapensis showed the highest growth rates and stands out as an excellent resource for reforestation programs in the inter-Andean valleys, in addition, Cordia iguaguana and Esenbeckia cornuta endemic populations are mainly from young individuals. We hope that the information in the five chapters constitutes in efficient and important tool to improve the management of forest resources in the valleys studied.
7
Jayasinghe, Piyangi. "Forest certification in the Canadian value-added wood products manufacturing sector." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/16845.
Abstract:
Third party forest certification has been recognized as a policy mechanism for achieving sustainable forest management (SFM), and has been in practice for more than a decade. In Canada, forest certification is reported to be gaining momentum, influencing both forest management practices and the forest products industry. However, little information is available on how forest certification affects the forest products industry. Questions like "what are forest products manufacturers' attitudes towards forest certification" are rarely investigated, despite their importance to the progress of forest certification. The scarcity of research is particularly evident in the Canadian value-added wood products manufacturing sector. A Canada-wide mail survey was conducted during April and July of 2004 among value-added wood products manufacturers to address this information gap in the industry. One thousand surveys were sent out. The response rate was 13.14%, with no statistically significant response bias. According to the results of the survey, 64.8% of Canadian value-added manufacturers are not interested in forest certification. Over seventeen percent of the sector (17.6%) is currently involved with forest certification, while another 17.6% is interested in becoming involved within next five years. Two results were highlighted with regard to the majority's lack of interest towards adopting forest certification: their low level of knowledge on forest certification and a perceived lack of consumer demand for certified forest products. In general, all respondents cared about sustainable forest management and the concept of forest certification, but were doubtful about forest certification's ability to provide marketing and production-related benefits. A logistic regression and a cluster analysis were conducted to distinguish between firms that are interested and not interested in forest certification. Logistic regression highlighted two points: firms that are not interested in forest certification had a significantly lower level of knowledge of chain of custody certification (chain of custody certification certifies the use of raw materials from certified forests in forest products); and firms that are interested in forest certification had a stronger belief that certification would help to differentiate them from their competition. Cluster analysis grouped firms that are interested in forest certification into two clusters: one cluster had a very positive attitude towards forest certification and its ability to provide benefits, while the other indicated that they would "wait and see" how consumer markets for certified forest products develop.Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
8
Amoah, Martin [Verfasser]. "Assessment of raw material utilisation efficiency of the forest-wood chain as influenced by the forest sector reform in Ghana / Martin Amoah." 2008. http://d-nb.info/989820181/34.
9
Wördehoff, René. "Kohlenstoffspeicherung als Teilziel der strategischen Waldbauplanung." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-87F3-1.
Abstract:
Die Speicherung von Kohlenstoff im Wald ist ein hochaktuelles, klimapolitisches Thema. Dabei werden als Speicher die lebende und die tote Baumbiomasse sowie die aus
dem geernteten Holz hergestellten Produkte und deren Substitutionseffekte betrachtet.
Die Kohlenstoffbindung in der lebenden Baumbiomasse der Wälder ist vornehmlich von
der Baumart, dem Standort und der Waldbehandlung abhängig. Außerhalb des Wal-
des, bei den Holzprodukten und deren Substitutionspotenzial, ist die Art und Dauer
der Verwendung maßgeblich für die Kohlenstoffbindung. Forstbetriebe können durch
ihre strategische Ausrichtung das Teilziel der Kohlenstoffspeicherung stärker gewichten und somit zum gesellschaftlich geforderten Klimaschutz einen Beitrag leisten. Dazu
sind jedoch Kenntnisse über baumarten-, standort- und behandlungsspezifische Effekte notwendig, welche die Kohlenstoffspeicherung beeinflussen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden
Simulationen einer naturnahen und einer kohlenstofforientierten waldbaulichen Behandlung der fünf wichtigsten Baumarten im niedersächsischen Landeswald auf bedeutenden
Standortseinheiten durchgeführt.
Die Hauptwirtschaftsbaumarten im Landeswald von Niedersachsen sind Eiche, Buche,
Fichte, Douglasie und Kiefer. Die analysierten Standorte verteilen sich auf jeweils vier
Wuchsbezirke im Tief- und Bergland. Für die Identifikation wichtiger Kombinationen
aus Wasser- und Nährstoffversorgung sowie der entsprechenden Leistungsfähigkeit der
Baumarten wurden Informationen der Standortskartierung sowie der Forsteinrichtung
der Niedersächsischen Landesforsten genutzt.
Auf der Grundlage der Betriebsinventur der Niedersächsischen Landesforsten konnten Modelle zur Generierung von Einzelbaumdaten erstellt werden, die insbesondere zur
Schätzung der aktuellen Bestandesgrundflächen und der zu Grunde liegenden Durchmesserverteilungen genutzt wurden. Mit ihrer Hilfe konnten realitätsnahe Weiserbestände
als Grundlage der Simulationen, entsprechend den Informationen aus Forsteinrichtung
und Standortskartierung, generiert werden.
Damit die waldbauliche Behandlung abgebildet werden kann, ist es notwendig die
Durchforstungsstärke und -art nachzubilden. Unter Verwendung von ertragskundlichen
Versuchsflächendaten der Nordwestdeutschen Forstlichen Versuchsanstalt wurden erstmalig mittels Quantilsregression baumartenspezifische Funktionen zur Bestimmung der
maximalen Bestandesgrundfläche für Nordwestdeutschland hergeleitet. Diese stellen aufgrund der größeren Datengrundlage und der verwendeten Methoden eine Verbesserung
im Vergleich zum vorher benutzten Ansatz der Nordwestdeutschen Forstlichen Versuchsanstalt dar. Mit ihnen lässt sich die maximale Bestandesgrundfläche sicherer schätzen.
Zur Definition eines praxisnahen Nutzungskonzeptes mit unterschiedlichen Pflegephasen abgegrenzt durch bestimmte Höhenbereiche, wird die aktuelle Bestandesgrundfläche ins
Verhältnis zur maximal möglichen Grundfläche des Bestandes gesetzt. Mit dem neu
erstellten Konzept kann nun eine grundflächengesteuerte, gestaffelte Durchforstung ab-
gebildet werden. Wobei mit den entwickelten Methoden auch die Nachbildung anderer
Nutzungskonzepte möglich ist.
Mit den generierten Weiserbeständen und dem Waldwachstumssimulator WaldPlaner
wurden die Auswirkungen der verschiedenen waldbaulichen Behandlungen auf die Bestandesentwicklung und die Kohlenstoffspeicherung untersucht. Dazu wurden u. a. die
Einzelbaumdaten mittels bekannter Funktionen aus der Literatur in Biomasse umgerechnet, ein neuer Holzverwendungsschlüssel zur Verteilung des eingeschlagenen Rohholzes
zu Produktklassen aufgestellt und ein Modell zur Kaskadennutzung in die Auswertung
integriert.
Durch die Bildung einer Kohlenstoffspeicherrate sind Rückschlüsse über den Einfluss
der Wasser- und Nährstoffversorgung auf die Kohlenstoffspeicherung möglich. Sie erlaubt die Vergleichbarkeit der Baumarten, der Standorte sowie der einzelnen Speicher.
Es zeigt sich bei einer Gesamtbetrachtung der untersuchten Pools (lebende und tote
Baumbiomasse, Holzprodukte sowie deren Substitutionspotenzial), dass sich die Kohlenstoffspeicherraten deutlich zwischen den Baumarten unterscheiden und sich folgende
Reihung ergibt: Douglasie, Fichte > Kiefer > Buche, Eiche.
Der Forstbetrieb kann durch eine standortgemäße Baumartenwahl und -mischung, die
Waldbehandlung und der Berücksichtigung der erwartbaren Holzqualitäten und Risiken
das Teilziel der Kohlenstoffspeicherung im Rahmen des strategischen Managements stärker gewichten. Dabei haben standortgerechte Nadelbaumarten eine große Klimaschutzwirkung. Sie sollten allerdings nur insoweit angebaut werden, als das die multifunktionale
Nachhaltigkeit der Wälder nicht verletzt wird. Im Bereich der Holzverwendung ist die
Kaskadennutzung und stoffliche Nutzung weiter auszubauen, um möglichst viele Holzprodukte im Zivilisationskreislauf zu halten und abschließend energetisch zu nutzen. Auf
forstpolitischer Ebene ergeben sich verschiedene Handlungsfelder. Einerseits sind konkrete Wege zur Lösung von Zielkonflikten zwischen nationaler Klimapolitik und anderen
Strategien (z. B. Nationale Biodiversitätsstrategie, Waldstrategie 2020) zu entwickeln.
Andererseits ist die große Bedeutung der Wälder als Kohlenstoffspeicher und nachhaltiger Rohstofflieferant, intensiver als bisher, der Gesellschaft näher zu bringen. Dessen
ungeachtet besteht noch enormer Forschungsbedarf über den Einfluss des Klimawandels
und verschiedener Risiken sowie der Kaskadennutzung auf die Kohlenstoffspeicherung
im Forst-Holz-Sektor.
Books on the topic "Wood forest sector":
1
D.G. Bell & Associates., Canadian Forestry Service, Alberta Forest Service, and Canada-Alberta Forest Resource Development Agreement., eds. Forest sector secondary industry development study. Edmonton, Alta: Canadian Forestry Service, 1987.
2
Raw Materials Research and Development Council (Nigeria). Multi-Disciplinary Task Force on Wood and Wood Products Sector. Report of the Multi-Disciplinary Task Force on Wood and Wood Products Sector. Lagos: The Council, 1989.
3
Markku, Kallio, Dykstra Dennis P, Binkley Clark Shepard, and International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis., eds. The Global forest sector: An analytical perspective. Chichester [West Sussex]: Wiley, 1987.
4
Backman, Charles A. The forest industrial sector of Russia: Opportunity awaiting. New York: Parthenon Pub. Group, 1998.
5
Canadian Industry Program for Energy Conservation. Status of energy use in Canadian wood products sector. [Ottawa]: Office of Energy Efficiency, 2010.
6
Associates, Woodbridge Reed and, Canada Forestry Canada, and Canada-British Columbia Forest Resource Development Agreement., eds. Substitution: The real threat to BC's wood products sector. Victoria, B.C: Forestry Canada, 1989.
7
United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Compliance, ed. EPA Office of Compliance Sector Notebook Project. Washington, DC: Office of Compliance, Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.
8
Committee, Raw Materials Research and Development Council (Nigeria) Multi-Disciplinary. Multi-Disciplinary Committee report of a techno-economic survey on wood and wood products sector. 4th ed. Abuja: Raw Materials Research and Development Council, Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, 2003.
9
Raw Materials Research and Development Council (Nigeria). Multi-Disciplinary Task Force on Wood and Wood Products Sector. An update report of the Multi-Disciplinary Task Force for the Techno-Economic Survey of the Wood and Wood Products Sector. Abuja: The Council, 1996.
10
Skog, Kenneth. Status and trends for the U.S. forest products sector: A technical document supporting the Forest Service 2010 RPA assessment. Madison, WI: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2012.
Book chapters on the topic "Wood forest sector":
1
Kato, Takashi. "Japan’s Wood Products Import and Forest Sector." In Global Concerns for Forest Resource Utilization, 337–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-6397-4_27.
2
Nabuurs, Gert-Jan. "Significance of wood products in forest sector carbon balances." In Forest Ecosystems, Forest Management and the Global Carbon Cycle, 245–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61111-7_23.
3
Hurmekoski, Elias, Antti Kilpeläinen, and Jyri Seppälä. "Climate-Change Mitigation in the Forest-Based Sector: A Holistic View." In Forest Bioeconomy and Climate Change, 151–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99206-4_8.
Abstract:
AbstractForests and wood use can contribute to climate-change mitigation by enhancing carbon sinks through afforestation, reforestation and improved forest management, by maintaining carbon stocks through natural or anthropogenic disturbance prevention, by increasing offsite carbon stocks, and through material and energy substitution by changing the industry production structure and enhancing resource efficiency. As forests grow fairly slowly in Europe, increasing the wood harvesting intensity decreases the carbon stocks in aboveground biomass, at least in the short to medium term (0–50 years) compared to a baseline harvest regime. The key issue is the time frame in which the decreased carbon stock in forests can be compensated for by improved forest growth resulting from improved forest management and the benefits related to wood utilisation. Thus, there is a need to address potential trade-offs between the short- to medium-term and the long-term (50+ years) net emissions. An optimal strategy needs to be tailored based also on regional specificities related to, for example, local climatic and site conditions, the state of the forests, the institutional setting and the industry structures. This chapter presents a way to assess the effectiveness of forest-sector climate-change mitigation strategies across different contexts and time horizons, combining the climate impacts of forests and the wood utilisation of the technosphere. We identify potential ‘no-regret’ mitigation pathways with minimum trade-offs, and conclude with the research and policy implications.
4
Vizzarri, Matteo, Roberto Pilli, Anu Korosuo, Ludovico Frate, and Giacomo Grassi. "The Role of Forests in Climate Change Mitigation: The EU Context." In Climate-Smart Forestry in Mountain Regions, 507–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80767-2_15.
Abstract:
AbstractThe European Union (EU) aims at reaching carbon neutrality by 2050. Within the land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) sector, forestry will contribute to this target with CO2 sink, harvested wood products (HWP), and use of wood for material or energy substitution. Despite the fact that the forest sink currently offsets about 9% of the total EU GHG emissions, evaluating its future mitigation potential is challenging because of the complex interactions between human and natural impacts on forest growth and carbon accumulation. The Regulation (EU) 2018/841 has improved robustness, accuracy, and credibility of the accounting of GHG emissions and removals in the LULUCF sector. For the forest sector, the accounting is based on the Forest Reference Level (FRL), i.e., a projected country-specific value of GHG emissions and removals against which the actual GHG emissions and removals will be compared. The resulting difference will count toward the EU GHG target for the period 2021–2030. Here, we provide an overview of the contribution of forests and HWP to the EU carbon sink for the period 2021–2025 (proposed FRLs) and focus on the contribution of mountain forests to the EU carbon sink, through exploring co-benefits and adverse side effects between climate regulation and other ecosystem services.
5
Hetemäki, Lauri, and Hans Verkerk. "Climate-Smart Forestry Approach." In Forest Bioeconomy and Climate Change, 165–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99206-4_9.
Abstract:
AbstractThe climate-smart forestry approach was pioneered in 2015 and has been generating increasing interest since then. It was developed as a response to the often very narrow and partial perspective on how forests and the forest-based sector can contribute to climate-change mitigation. Moreover, its basis is the understanding that, in order to effectively enhance climate mitigation, efforts should be made to find synergies and minimise trade-offs with the other ecosystem services forests provide, such as biodiversity, wood production and recreation. By doing this, greater support can be generated for climate mitigation measures. The approach acknowledges that there is no one-size-fits-all toolkit to cover all circumstances, but rather measures have to be tailored according to regional characteristics and institutions. In summary, climate-smart forestry is a holistic approach to how forests and the forest-based sector can contribute to climate-change mitigation that considers the need to adapt to climate change, while taking into account specific regional settings.
6
Hurmekoski, Elias, Lauri Hetemäki, and Janne Jänis. "Outlook for the Forest-Based Bioeconomy." In Forest Bioeconomy and Climate Change, 55–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99206-4_4.
Abstract:
AbstractThe state of the world’s managed forests is determined by the societal demands for wood resources and other ecosystem services. The forest-based sector is experiencing a number of structural changes, which makes the task of looking ahead important, but challenging. One of the main trends in the forest-based industries is diversification. On one hand, this refers to the emergence of new factors influencing the demand for forest-based products, which leads to substitution between forest-based products and alternative products. On the other hand, it refers to new market opportunities for forest-based industries in, for example, the construction, textiles, packaging, biochemicals and biofuels markets. As the importance of some of the traditional forest-based industries, such as communication papers, is declining, and new opportunities are simultaneously emerging, the sector will not necessarily be dominated by single sectors in the long term. However, research illuminating the possible impacts of the expected structural changes of the forest-based sector remains scarce. The uncertainties in the future outlook of the forest-based sector also imply great uncertainties in the demand for roundwood globally, and by extension, the extent of trade-offs between different ecosystem services and land uses.
7
Górriz-Mifsud, Elena, Aitor Ameztegui, Jose Ramón González, and Antoni Trasobares. "Climate-Smart Forestry Case Study: Spain." In Forest Bioeconomy and Climate Change, 211–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99206-4_13.
Abstract:
AbstractIn Spain, 55% of land area is covered by forests and other woodlands. Broadleaves occupy a predominant position (56%), followed by conifers (37%) and mixed stands (7%). Forest are distributed among the Atlantic (north-western Iberian rim), Mediterranean (rest of the peninsula including the Balearic Islands) and Macaronesian (Canary Islands) climate zones. Spanish woodlands provide a multiplicity of provisioning ecosystem services, such as, wood, cork, pine nuts, mushrooms and truffles. In terms of habitat services, biodiversity is highly relevant. Cultural services are mainly recreational and tourism, the latter being a crucial economic sector in Spain (including rural and ecotourism). Regulatory services, such as erosion control, water availability, flood and wildfire risk reduction, are of such great importance that related forest zoning and consequent legislation were established already in the eighteenth century. Climate change in Southern Europe is forecast to involve an increase in temperature, reduction in precipitation and increase in aridity. As a result, the risks for natural disturbances are expected to increase. Of these, forest fires usually have the greatest impact on ecosystems in Spain. In 2010–2019, the average annual forest surface area affected by fire was 95,065 ha. The combination of extreme climatic conditions (drought, wind) and the large proportion of unmanaged forests presents a big challenge for the future. Erosion is another relevant risk. In the case of fire, mitigation strategies should combine modification of the land use at the landscape level, in order to generate mosaics that will create barriers to the spread of large fires, along with stand-level prevention measures to either slow the spread of surface fires or, more importantly, impede the possibility of fire crowning or disrupt its spread. Similarly, forest management can play a major role in mitigating the impact of drought on a forest. According to the land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) accounting, Spanish forests absorbed 11% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in 2019. Investments in climate-smart forestry provide opportunities for using all the different parts of the Spanish forest-based sector for climate mitigation––forest sinks, the substitution of wood raw materials and products for fossil materials, and the storage of carbon in wood products. Moreover, this approach simultaneously helps to advance the adaptation of the forest to changing climate and to build forest resilience.
8
Hetemäki, Lauri, and Jyri Seppälä. "Planetary Boundaries and the Role of the Forest-Based Sector." In Forest Bioeconomy and Climate Change, 19–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99206-4_2.
Abstract:
Abstract‘Planetary boundaries’ is a concept that has been introduced by Earth system scientists to refer particularly to anthropogenic pressures on the Earth system that have reached a scale where abrupt global environmental change can no longer be excluded. In the planetary boundaries discussion, climate change plays a central role due to its overarching impacts on all the other planetary boundaries. For example, climate change critically impacts biodiversity and land-use changes. Consequently, climate change shapes policies, strategies and actions at the global, continental, national, regional and individual levels. The main policy through which the EU is seeking to address climate change and direct the region to live within the planetary boundaries is the European Green Deal (EGD), launched in 2019. The EGD clearly acknowledges the role forests can play in sinking carbon and suggests measures to enhance forest restoration and conservation. However, it falls short of recognising the role that the forest-based bioeconomy can also play in achieving the EGD objectives. History shows that European forests can simultaneously increase the carbon sink, biodiversity and wood production.
9
Hurmekoski, Elias, Jyri Seppälä, Antti Kilpeläinen, and Janni Kunttu. "Contribution of Wood-Based Products to Climate Change Mitigation." In Forest Bioeconomy and Climate Change, 129–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99206-4_7.
Abstract:
AbstractForest-based products––often referred to as harvested-wood products (HWPs)––can influence the climate through two separate mechanisms. Firstly, when wood is harvested from forests, the carbon contained in the wood is stored in the HWP for months to decades. If the amount of wood entering the market exceeds the amount of wood being discarded annually, this can lead to a HWP sink impact. Secondly, HWPs typically have a lower fossil carbon footprint than alternative products, so, for example, using wood in construction can lower fossil emissions by reducing the production of cement and steel, resulting in a substitution impact. The international greenhouse gas (GHG) reporting conventions and the related Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidance covers the HWP sink impact, but not the substitution impacts. The HWP sink impact is restricted to tracing biogenic carbon flows, whereas the substitution impact typically covers fossil carbon flows exclusively. Importantly, the substitution and HWP sink impacts do not represent the climate- change mitigation impact of wood use, as such. Instead, they are important pieces of the broader puzzle of GHG flows related to the forest sector. This chapter presents the state-of-the-art approaches for determining the HWP sink and substitution impacts, and concludes with the policy and research implications.
10
Karjalainen, Timo, Ari Pussinen, Seppo Kellomäki, and Raisa Mäkipää. "The History and Future Dynamics of Carbon Sequestration in Finland’s Forest Sector." In Carbon Dioxide Mitigation in Forestry and Wood Industry, 25–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03608-2_2.
Conference papers on the topic "Wood forest sector":
1
Serengil, Yusuf. "The Roadmap to Achieving Climate Neutrality in Türkiye: A Comprehensive Analysis of Long-Term Forestry Strategies." In 3rd International Congress on Engineering and Life Science. Prensip Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61326/icelis.2023.59.
Abstract:
In 2021, Türkiye ratified the Paris Agreement and committed to achieving climate neutrality by 2053. As mandated by the agreement, Türkiye submitted its first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and has been conducting simulations to identify alternatives to establish its Long-Term Strategy (LTS). Our study focused on the LULUCF (Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry) sector of Türkiye, mainly focusing on forestry. Our analysis shows that the forests in Türkiye offset approximately 8-10% of the country's total greenhouse gas emissions in 2021, down from over 20% in 2014. This reduction in offset percentage is due to a drop in the removal rate of forests over the last ten years. To achieve climate neutrality, this trend of reduction must be reversed. Recent inventory data shows that forest management is the central activity, with afforestation and other land use activities contributing less than 1%. However, when analyzing their effectiveness, it is important to consider the co-benefits of mitigation policies and measures. Our study concluded that Türkiye should prioritize forest management, including wildfire prevention and improved use of wood products, by investing in research and innovation. The forest products industry should also enhance the added value of wood products and embrace circularity to reduce raw material demand. By reducing the harvest rate, the carbon stock and increment of forests can be enhanced. Acceleration is needed towards achieving sectoral targets to achieve a climate-smart forestry perspective.
2
RÖHLE, Heinz. "GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND MANAGEMENT IN MIXED FOREST STANDS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.122.
Abstract:
In 2017, the global population stands at about 7.6 billion. Due to the medium variant of the population projections, developed by the UN, the world population will grow to nearly 10 billion by the middle of this century. As a consequence, the worldwide demand for wood will increase. Therefore, the forest sector has to develop concepts in order to cope with the increasing demand for wood, the altering environmental conditions and the challenge of climate change. Modified silvicultural treatment programs may contribute to solving these questions. Appropriate measures are the conversion of pure stands into mixed stands, the promotion of natural regeneration instead of artificial regeneration and the creation of structured forests consisting of indigenous or foreign tree species, which are better adapted to climate change and/or are growing faster. Mixed stands often exceed the volume as well as the biomass productivity of pure stands and increase the biodiversity of forest landscapes. Forest simulation models are a prerequisite for the management of mixed stands. They provide enhanced opportunities of planning for forest conversion and facilitate the decision support in forest practice. These model approaches support the development of goal oriented thinning programs and make it possible to test and optimize alternative silvicultural concepts without the establishment of experimental plots. The Bavarian State Forest Enterprise (Bayerische Staatsforsten) is managing 808731 ha of forest area in the southern part of Germany. Since 2005 this enterprise is converting pure, coniferous stands (> 200000 ha of forest area) into mixed, uneven-aged forests. A simulation program (single tree simulator) is used in order to achieve this goal.
3
Skorik, A., and Yu Stepanova. "ON THE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT." In Manager of the Year. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/my2021_292-297.
Abstract:
This article lists the most acute problems of the forest industry today: illegal logging, forest fires, and outdated data on forest management. The article describes the positive results of the federal project “Forest Conservation”, which has been in operation since 2019, and the results of the first GIL cycle, which covered 85 regions and ended at the end of last year. The LesEGAIS system was launched, and a new Strategy for the development of the Russian forest complex until 2030 was adopted. The updated version of the Forest Code of the Russian Federation has entered into force. A unified electronic control system for industrial, sanitary and other wood felling is being created. The measures taken should restore order in the forestry sector and make forest management as careful and transparent as possible.
4
Araujo, Rafael M. C., Alvaro A. V. Soares, Antonilmar A. L. Silva, Bruno F. Martins, and Murillo G. Carneiro. "Modeling of growth and production of Eucalyptus spp stands using supervised machine learning." In Encontro Nacional de Inteligência Artificial e Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/eniac.2023.232893.
Abstract:
The forest sector is one of the most important pillars of the Brazilian economy due to its high wood productivity. Several studies are being carried out seeking to develop a computational method capable of estimating production efficiently in order to reduce production costs. The objective of the study was to develop machine learning models capable of estimating present and future eucalyptus production with high precision, evaluating relevant supervised learning models, like neural networks and support vector machine (SVM), in relation to the Clutter model, widely adopted by the forestry industries. A case study conducted on real data obtained from a continuous forest inventory showed that SVM is efficient to estimate growth and production of eucalyptus.
5
Šneler, Filip, Gordana Brcković, and Trina Mjeda. "Evaluating Environmentally Sustainable Production Practices in Rural Areas." In 7th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2021.299.
Abstract:
Forests and forestry are the ecological and economic infrastructure of every state. The EU strategy for the forest-based sector is particularly related to rural development, since, in such areas, forests are mostly spread, thus representing an opportunity for more balanced development, or in other words - survival of rural areas. Croatia is no exemption. The goal of forest management in the Republic of Croatia is the sustainable and harmonious use of all forest functions and the permanent improvement of their condition, by promoting environmentally sustainable production practices in such a way that the local or rural environment has financial benefits. Looking at forests as perfect factories, ranging from the production of wood pulp as raw materials, oxygen and food, water purifiers, carbon tanks and all the way to the intangible and generally useful functions of forests, it is necessary to observe their all-encompassing importance. We are facing global climate change, which significantly influences the restoration and erection of new forest stands, that is one of the most important procedures for sustainable forest management in Croatia. Current techniques and knowledge that are being applied contribute to discouraging results, therefore it is crucial to introduce and promote new environmentally friendly practices, aiming to increase the productive function of forest land and forest as an ecosystem. In accordance with the sustainable development of forest land, research was conducted in the lowland part of Sisak-Moslavina County in Croatia. The aim of the research is to study the cost-effectiveness and compare the adaptation of new methods and practices of reforestation, with the end result of the forested area as a production unit, and that was conducted working on two land sections. On the surface of the first section, which was previously chemically prepared, a classic renovation was performed by sowing acorns employing a spreader. The acorn was collected by the local population. Processing of the second section included planting seedlings, while the section was previously mechanically prepared by grinding biomass and an integral method of soil preparation in rows with a spacing of 3 m. The internal planting distance between the plants was 0.80 - 1.0 m, and work was carried out with the help of external contractors, the local population. The use of new environmentally sustainable technologies has resulted in 29% higher financial costs of forestation. However, using new practices compared to the classical ones, the financial viability in terms of economic profit of the rural area was determined. The application of new silvicultural practices is initially more expensive, but results in a shorter period of time to achieve targeted results, while the increase in costs refers to the involvement of the local community that participated in the works.
6
Polyanskaya, O. A., A. Mikhailova, and A. Tambi. "GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CURRENT ECONOMIC SITUATION OF THE LPC OF RUSSIA AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT." In Modern machines, equipment and IT solutions for industrial complex: theory and practice. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mmeitsic2021_101-106.
Abstract:
The Russian Federation is the richest forest power in the world, however, it is significantly inferior to a number of countries in the production of wood products. The development of the timber industry complex (LPC) is currently of particular importance, since it can make a great contribution to the country’s economy and, accordingly, affect a significant increase in the volume of Russia’s gross domestic product. In addition, the Russian LPC has significant potential and provides its products to almost all the leading sectors of the national economy. That is why the authors of the article pay attention to the strategy for the development of the LPC until 2030. In addition, the authors analyze the current state of the Russian timber industry, the impact on the industry of the current economic situation, the main economic results of the forest sector enterprises for the period from 2016 to 2020. The expectations of market participants and the prospects for the development of the industry are considered. The analysis of measures of support from the state is carried out. The main problems of the industry development are outlined.
7
Bardulis, Andis, Dana Purvina, Arta Bardule, and Andis Lazdins. "Potential role of tree introduction in agricultural land to reduce greenhouse gas emissions." In 22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2023.22.tf038.
Abstract:
The European Union (EU) has proposed legislative revisions to achieve climate neutrality in EU by 2050. The Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) Regulation, adopted in 2018, is being revised to ensure that accounted greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from LULUCF are balanced by equivalent accounted removals of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. This study focuses on the impact of targeted tree introduction in agricultural land in Latvia, specifically afforestation of drained organic soil and implementation of agroforestry systems (riparian buffer strips), on national GHG reduction targets for the LULUCF sector. The potential contributions of selected measures were evaluated using evaluation methods including GHG emissions factors based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines and recent scientific studies. The study differentiated between different land use categories by GHG emissions from soil and CO2 removals in living biomass, dead wood, litter, mineral soil, and organic soil. Basic scenarios were compared with additional scenarios that included afforestation of drained organic soils and implementation of agroforestry systems. The study analysed the possibilities of achieving LULUCF sector goals for 2030, 2035, and 2050 with the selected scenarios. According to the basic scenarios, the LULUCF sector has been a continuous source of GHG emissions since 2019, partly compensated by forest management by 2040, but after 2040 forest management becomes a source of GHG emissions as well. The study shows that afforestation of organic soils currently used for agricultural production can reduce GHG emissions and ensure the achievement of national LULUCF targets for 2021-2025, with a significant decrease in GHG emissions by 3.9 million t CO2 eq. during the 2021-2025 period if compared to the basic scenario. However, the study finds that national target of net GHG removals is not achieved for 2026-2030 according to both basic and afforestation scenarios if no additional measures, e.g., establishment of the shelter belts, are implemented.
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SCHMID, SEBASTIAN, ULRICH DAHMEN, LONGXIANG SHAO, KAI-UWE SCHRODER, and JURGEN ROSSMANN. "DEVELOPING AN EXPERIMENTABLE DIGITAL TWIN OF A NOVEL FORESTRY MACHINE: APPLICATION, EXPERIENCES, AND BENEFITS." In Structural Health Monitoring 2023. Destech Publications, Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2023/36807.
Abstract:
The forestry sector in central Europe aims for a fully mechanized wood harvest. This goal is currently restricted by the limited reach of forest harvesters on the market and legislative specifications on the distance between skid trails. As a consortium of industry and academia, we are developing a novel forestry machine that is designed to fell and skid trees in the inter-field between skid trails and which is equipped with a lightweight boom for an extended reach; to date, felling in the inter-field is not reachable for harvesters and is done in manual labor. As a key risk, overturning the whole forestry vehicle prevents a transfer of current harvester designs to an extended reach. To avoid overturning, we apply a consequent lightweight design for the boom of the new forestry machine. The development of the forestry vehicle will be supported by a versatile use of Experimentable Digital Twins (EDT), which are one promising concept to push the idea of Digital Twins into practice. The EDT allows for interaction in a pure virtual or in a hybrid environment. The tasks of EDT in the context of the new forestry machine will include a virtual prototype in the development phase, a driver assistance system in the operational phase, and a central hub for a strain-based monitoring system in the operational phase. This contribution gives an insight into our present work on the EDT of the novel forestry machine, emphasizing the load monitoring system of the lightweight boom. On a conceptual level, we present the load monitoring system, addressing the challenges specific to this application. We outline the proposed strain sensor distribution and describe the interaction with the EDT.
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Daugaviete, Mudrite, Galina Telysheva, Ojars Polis, Ausma Korica, and Kaspars Spalvis. "Plantation forests as regional strength for development of rural bioeconomy." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.001.
Abstract:
The establishment of plantation forests in areas not viable for agriculture can make a significant contribution to the economy. The yield from 1 ha of plantation forest depends on the management purpose - obtaining of round wood (pulpwood, sawnlog, veneer log, tare), bioenergy and extraction of tree foliage (broadleaved and coniferous). In Latvia, based on 2019 data, plantation forests achieve 2760 ha of Scots pine, 7855 ha of Norway spruce, 7431 ha of Birch, 2123 ha of Grey alder, 1274 ha of Black alder and Populus spp. and 618 ha of Salix spp. Estimated and projected gains are calculated both as round wood over 20 to 50 years: pine - 410-to 994 thou. m3; spruce, - 335 to 2.906 thou. m3, birch - 1.040 -2.452 thou. m3. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain gross income from the whole plantation forest area in Latvia: pine-12.42-63.8 mln. EUR; spruce - 40.1 -192.3 mln. EUR; for birch - 32.2 -202.7 mln. Eur. Additionally to that, 18.6 -21.6 t ha-1 and 24.0 -37.0 t ha-1 of processed foliage can be obtained from 1 ha of pine and spruce forest plantations (40-50 years old). Alnus incana sp. (5-20 years), yielding 19.65-122.65 thou. Solid m3 and Salix spp. (3-5 years), yielding 58.71-84.97 thou. solid m3, are used for energy production, furthermore Alnus spp. wood can be used than valuable raw material for plywood production. At the same time, it is possible to capture 106-1477 thou. tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Systematic investigations of chemical composition of above mentioned Latvian plantation trees, wood and bark, have shown that incorporation of extraction treatment in existing processing schemes will allow to manufacture high value added monomeric and oligomeric products which are of great demand for substitution of synthetic ones in different economy sectors (agriculture, including means for plant protection, food industry, polymer production, pharmacy etc.). Creation of small and medium-sized enterprises in rural region in close proximity to plantations opens the opportunity for the appearance of new working places, including organization of new nurseries, plantation services, private businesses for processing of various lignocellulosic waste into new special products / semi-products / feedstock for green industrial materials and chemicals, at the same time diminishing the logistics expenses.
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Booth, Adam M., Christian Sifford, Cora Siebert, and Brian Buma. "COARSE WOOD INHIBITS DEBRIS FLOW RUNOUT IN FORESTED SOUTHEAST ALASKA." In 115th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019cd-329561.
Reports on the topic "Wood forest sector":
1
Ahammad, Ronju, and Francisco X. Aguilar. Socio-economic indicators for the assessment of sustainability in the Swedish forest sector, and linkages with the national environmental quality objectives. SLU Future forests, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.6cbejge10k.
Abstract:
Sweden’s Environmental Quality Objectives (EQOs) have been adopted to help describe the environment the country wishes to achieve, and are a promise to future generations of clean air, a healthy living environment, and rich opportunities to enjoy nature. Here, we assessed selected socio-economic indicators adapted from the Montréal Process for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests (MP) to examine trends in the Swedish forest sector of direct relevance to the EQOs. We did this with the aim of raising awareness about important socio-economic dimensions related to the EQOs, and to explore the linkages between the EQOs and the forest bioeconomy. We focused on the forest sector because of its central importance to meeting the EQOs, and fundamental social and economic roles it plays in Swedish society. The MP was chosen as our guiding framework because it was developed to assess national-level sustainable forest conservation and management, thus, incorporating critical economic, environmental and social dimensions. We applied a mixed methods approach based on a literature review, analyses of national and multilateral databases, and consultation with experts to identify and interpret selected indicators. We identified forest sector socio-economic indicators relevant to the EQOs related to forest property and ownership, economic value and consumption of wood and wood products, employment, wood energy, access to greenery, per capita forest availability, and cultural values. Interpretation of national-level indicators estimated for the 2000-2020 period point to overall progress toward maintaining forest conservation and production areas and a sector that has added substantial economic value through the processing of wood and wood products. Forests are an importance source of renewable energy and increasingly support the location of non-wood energy sources through the placement of wind power mills across forested lands. Downward trends were observed in fewer forest owners, a shrinking workforce, and per capita forest area which might be explained by processes of bequeathing, higher industry efficiencies and continued population growth. Selected indicators related to production forests, wood energy, per capita protected forests and cultural importance suggest these can directly support relevant EQOs including living forests, limited climate impact, rich plant and animal life. Through exports and hiring foreign workers, the Swedish forest sector has kept a direct linkage with the consumption of wood products abroad and in supporting economic wellbeing in lesser-developed nations through wages from forestry and non-wood seasonal employment, respectively. There is limited current information on cultural aspects such as heritage values and reindeer herding. Available data suggest a declining trend in damages to cultural remains within forest felling areas. We recommend regular and periodic assessment of the cultural and conservation values for Swedish forests to strengthen the ability to assess social and ecological sustainability relevant to the EQOs.
2
Dugan, Alexa, Al Steele, David Hollinger, Richard Birdsey, and Jeremy Lichstein. Assessment of Forest Sector Carbon Stocks and Mitigation Potential for the State Forests of Pennsylvania. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6893743.ch.
Abstract:
Forests and their products provide many benefits including clean water, recreation, wildlife habitat,
wood products, energy, as well as carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation. This project
assesses past and future carbon sequestration and mitigation potential across the forest sector of
Pennsylvania with a focus on State Forest lands. This research resulted from a collaboration between
the U.S. Forest Service and the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (PA
DCNR).
3
Giacometti, Alberto, and Hilma Salonen. Championing sustainable construction using timber in the Baltic Sea Region. Nordregio, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2023:7.2001-3876.
Abstract:
Timber construction can radically cut carbon emissions. The construction sector is accountable for c. 40% of global emissions, a third of which comes from the production of building materials. Replacing concrete and steel with timber offers a huge opportunity to reach the carbon neutrality goals. Nordic and Baltic countries have a unique advantage in leading the way, given the vast forest resources available, a long legacy of the forestry industry and wood building, the in-built industrial capacity, and the well-functioning and interlinked supply chains across the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). Yet, decisive policy measures are needed to overcome technical, regulatory, and cultural obstacles. Challenging the status quo and creating a market shift demands holistic and collaborative approaches that can enable systemic change, as well as targeted measures to navigate through country-specific obstacles.
4
Smith, Adam, and Sunny Adams. Fort Leonard Wood miscellaneous buildings, NRHP Section 110 inventory and evaluation. Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (U.S.), October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/24641.
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucciq, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: San Francisco Bay Area Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293533.
Abstract:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that the resources of the National Park System are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities that may threaten or influence their stability and preservation. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) that form a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies (rock types), bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. Mappable geologic units may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2021). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section or exposure area of the unit is designated as the stratotype (see “Definitions” below). The type section is an important reference exposure for a named geologic unit that presents a relatively complete and representative example for this unit. Geologic stratotypes are important both historically and scientifically, and should be available for other researchers to evaluate in the future. The inventory of all geologic stratotypes throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS is centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network-level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory & Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project (Henderson et al. 2020). Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic stratotypes within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources were established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the San Francisco Bay Area Inventory & Monitoring Network (SFAN). The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic landmarks and geologic heritage resources. The review of stratotype occurrences for the SFAN shows there are currently no designated stratotypes for Fort Point National Historic Site (FOPO) and Muir Woods National Monument (MUWO)...