Academic literature on the topic 'Wood displacement'
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Journal articles on the topic "Wood displacement"
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Kajikawa, Shohei, Takashi Iizuka, and Keisuke Yamaishi. "Displacement Behavior of Wood in Boss Forming Using Open-Die Wood Forging." Key Engineering Materials 504-506 (February 2012): 1261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.504-506.1261.
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Biomass materials such as wood are attracting renewed attention as alternative fuels in order to help resolve environmental resources caused by the use of fossil fuels. In this study, the possibility of products being processed from wood bulk was investigated by means of boss forming using open-die forging. Additionally, the difference in formability and deformation behavior during forging was investigated by changing the experimental conditions, such as the moisture content of the wood billets used, the forming pressure, and the forming temperature. The experimental results showed that wood had enough liquidity to be forged, and that two sudden and large increases in displacement occur during forging. Finally, the conditions governing these displacements were summarized from these results
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Zemljic, Borut. "Abomasal displacement in cattle." Veterinarski glasnik 57, no. 5-6 (2003): 335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0306335z.
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Left abomasal displacement can be treated among other techniques also with the rolling technique accompanied with a percutaneus paramedian abomasopexy using toggle pin fixators of cornel wood. This method is reliable, quick and cheap.
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Pereira, Rodrigo Allan, Francisco Carlos Gomes, Roberto Alves Braga Júnior, and Fernando Pujaico Rivera. "DISPLACEMENT MEASUREMENT IN SAWN WOOD AND WOOD PANEL BEAMS USING PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY." CERNE 25, no. 1 (March 2019): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01047760201925012619.
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Jones, Michael T., and Paul R. Sievert. "Effects of Stochastic Flood Disturbance on Adult Wood Turtles, Glyptemys insculpta, in Massachusetts." Canadian Field-Naturalist 123, no. 4 (October 1, 2009): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v123i4.1000.
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The homing ability of non-marine turtles has been studied in a variety of taxa, and many species appear to be capable of short-range homing on the scale of several hundred meters or a few kilometers following experimental displacement. However, the behavioral response of turtles following a naturally caused displacement has seldom been reported. In this paper, we describe the effect of displacement ranging from 1.4 to 16.8 km (average = 4.8 km) by severe floods in a stream system in Massachusetts. We radio-tracked 38 adult Wood Turtles (Glyptemys insculpta) at five separate sites in Franklin County, Massachusetts, for periods ranging from one to four activity seasons and documented the displacement of a total of 12 Wood Turtles during seven floods between 2004 and 2008. Based on the average rate of displacement per flood and annual flood frequency, we estimate that, during our study, floods displaced over 40% of this Wood Turtle subpopulation annually. We present evidence that displacement results in elevated mortality rates and that displaced Wood Turtles mate and nest in the year following displacement at rates well below average; on a longer time scale, however, displacement by flooding may be an important mechanism of population connectivity in some areas. We also present evidence that most Wood Turtles avoid stream segments with stream gradient steeper than 1%; this may in part reflect an adaptation to avoid severe floods. Regional models and empirical data from stream gages suggest that flood intensity may currently be on an increasing trend. Conversion of upland from forest and fields to impervious surfaces and hardening of upstream riverbanks may have exacerbated recent flooding and decreased the resiliency of the riparian system to increased precipitation.
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Lee, M. C., Y. L. Tsai, R. Z. Wang, and M. L. Lin. "Finding the displacement of wood structure in heritage building by 3D laser scanner." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-5/W3 (August 11, 2015): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-5-w3-165-2015.
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Heritage buildings are highly prone to long term damage from the microclimate, scourge and vandalism, which can result in damaged materials, structures, painting and cultural heritage items. This study will focus on finding the displacement of wood structural members through the use of a 3D laser scanner and the 4D concept of time. The results will compare the scans from different periods to find the difference (if any) in the structural member position. Wood structures usually consist of numerous wood members connected to form the structure. However, these members can be damaged in various ways such as physical mechanisms, chemical reactions, and biological corrosion. When damage to the wood structure occurs, the structural displacement can be affected, and if affected severely, can lead to a building collapse. Monitoring of the structural displacement is the best way to discover damage immediately and to preserve the heritage building. However, the Cultural Heritage Preservation Law in Taiwan prohibits the installation of monitoring instruments (e.g strain gauge, accelerometer) in historic structures (heritage buildings). Scanning the wood structure with 3D lasers is the most non-intrusive method and quickly achieves displacement through visualization. <br><br> The displacement scan results can be compared with different periods and different members to analyze the severity of damage. Once the 3D scanner is installed, the whole building is scanned, and point clouds created to build the visual building model. The structural displacement can be checked via the building model and the differences are measured between each member to find the high risk damaged areas or members with large displacement. Early detection of structural damage is the most effective way means of preservation.
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Sadiyo, Sucahyo, Imam Wahyudi, Fengky Satria Yoresta, Nurhasanah, and Muhammad Sholihin. "ANALISIS KEKUATAN SAMBUNGAN GESER GANDA ENAM JENIS KAYU PADA BERBAGAI SESARAN MENURUT DIAMETER DAN JUMLAH BAUT." PERENNIAL 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2012): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v8i2.215.
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This research aims to determine the effect of double shear connection strength of six types of timber in various displacement based on diameter and the number of bolts. Six types of wood used are bangkirai, punak, meranti, sengon, bintangur and kapur. Double shear connection consists of the main member (wood) and side member (steel plate) with bolts connected. The average moisture content of sengon, meranti, bintangur and bangkirai are relatively similar (about 12 %), while kapur and punak are slightly higher at around 14 %. In contrast, the average density of six wood species are greatly vary ranging from the lowest sengon 0.26 g cm-3, to the highest 0.82 g cm-3 of bangkirai wood. The total load and load per bolt on double shear connection using bolts connector are influenced by the type of wood, diameter and number of bolts. There is a strong tendency that the higher specific gravity or density of the wood makes higher total load and load per bolt on double shear connection for each displacement. In addition, an increasing number of bolts makes the total load increased. On the other hand, it decreases load per bolts for each of bolts diameter. The use of 10 pieces of 7.9 mm diameter bolts on double shear connection for almost all type of wood produces the highest average total load compared to the other bolt diameter for both displacement 1.5 mm and 5 mm. In the same connection displacement the highest load per bolt is still obtained from using 7.9 mm bolt diameter but with the use of 4 pieces of bolts for almost all types of wood with the exception for punak and bitangur showing the highest values are obtained from 6 pieces of bolts. Bangkirai wood, kapur, punak, bintangur and meranti can be used as the main member in double shear connection by using bolt with diameter 6.4 mm, 7.9 mm and 9.5 mm because of fulfilling the requirements of PKKI (1961). Key words: Bolts, double shear connections, displacement, total load, load per bolt
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Silva, Filipe G. A., Jose Xavier, Fábio A. M. Pereira, José J. L. Morais, Nuno Dourado, and Marcelo F. S. F. Moura. "Determination of cohesive laws in wood bonded joints under mode I loading using the DCB test." Holzforschung 67, no. 8 (December 1, 2013): 913–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2013-0012.
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Abstract The cohesive laws (CLs) have been investigated by means of direct and inverse methods concerning wood bonded joints under pure mode I. The experimental results were obtained by tests with double cantilever beam. The direct method is based on the differentiation of the relation between strain energy release rate and crack opening displacement at the crack tip. An equivalent crack method was used to evaluate the strain energy release rate in the course of the test without monitoring the crack length, which is difficult to observe exactly. The crack opening displacement was determined by postprocessing local displacements measured by digital image correlation. The inverse method requires a previous assumption of the CL shape, and as such, a trilinear law with bilinear softening relationship was selected. The cohesive parameters were identified by an optimization procedure involving a developed genetic algorithm. The idea is to minimize an objective function that quantifies the difference between the experimental and the numerical load-displacement curves resulting from the application of a given law. A validation procedure was performed based on a numerical analysis with finite elements. Both methods in focus provided good agreement with the experimental data. It was observed that CLs adopted by the inverse method are consistent with the ones obtained with the direct method.
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Sebera, Václav, Miguel Redón-Santafé, Martin Brabec, David Děcký, Petr Čermák, Jan Tippner, and Jaromír Milch. "Thermally modified (TM) beech wood: compression properties, fracture toughness and cohesive law in mode II obtained from the three-point end-notched flexure (3ENF) test." Holzforschung 73, no. 7 (June 26, 2019): 663–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2018-0188.
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AbstractThe fracture properties of thermally modified beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood (TMW) at 180° and 200°C were evaluated in mode II using the three-point end-notched flexure (3ENF) scheme assisted by three-dimensional (3D) stereovision equipment for obtaining displacements and strains. The compliance-based beam method (CBBM) provided the strain energy release rates (GII) of TMW and cohesive laws for both native wood (W) and TMW. Based on the CBBM and equivalent crack length approach (ECLA),GIIwas obtained directly from the force-deflection data. The thermal modification (TM) process reduced the compressive strength by 4.4% and increased the compressive elastic modulus by 38.3%, whereasGIIwas reduced substantially by 40.8% and 67.9% at TM180°Cand TM200°C, respectively. TM also increased wood brittleness that was visible on the displacement slip reduction. The resulting mean cohesive models can be used for numerical analyses. The fracture properties of TMW have to be taken into consideration for constructional wood application, when cyclic loading may lead to microcracking and material fatigue.
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İşleyen, Ümmü K., Rahim Ghoroubi, Ömer Mercimek, Özgür Anil, and Recep Tuğrul Erdem. "Behavior of glulam timber beam strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer strip for flexural loading." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 40, no. 17-18 (April 9, 2021): 665–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684421997924.
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In the last 20 years, the use of wooden structures and their dimensions have gradually increased. The wood application has increased in different structures such as multistory buildings, sports, industrial facilities, road and railway bridges, power transmission lines, and towers. The widespread use and size of wood structures have increased the research on developing special types of wood products supported by composite materials. Laminated wood elements are the leading composite wood materials. Laminated wooden beams allow making much larger openings than standard solid wood structural elements. The development of the sizes and usage areas of wooden structures has increased the capacity of glulam structural elements and reveals the need to improve their performance. Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are the most suitable options for increasing the bearing capacity values of glulam beams and improving general load–displacement behaviors. In this study, the use of CFRP strips in different layouts to increase glulam wooden beams and the application of CFRP fan-type anchors in the CFRP strip endpoints are the studied variables. Anchored and non-anchored glulam wooden beams reinforced with CFRP strips with different layouts were tested using a three-point bending test. The ultimate load capacity, initial stiffness, displacement ductility ratio, energy dissipation capacity, failure mechanisms, and general load–displacement behavior of wooden beam test specimens were obtained and interpreted as a result of the experiments.
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Abdullah, Nur Dalila, Ummi Raba'ah Hashim, Sabrina Ahmad, and Lizawati Salahuddin. "Analysis of texture features for wood defect classification." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i1.1553.
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Selecting important features in classifying wood defects remains a challenging issue to the automated visual inspection domain. This study aims to address the extraction and analysis of features based on statistical texture on images of wood defects. A series of procedures including feature extraction using the Grey Level Dependence Matrix (GLDM) and feature analysis were executed in order to investigate the appropriate displacement and quantisation parameters that could significantly classify wood defects. Samples were taken from the KembangSemangkuk (KSK), Meranti and Merbau wood species. Findings from visual analysis and classification accuracy measures suggest that the feature set with the displacement parameter, d=2, and quantisation level, q=128, shows the highest classification accuracy. However, to achieve less computational cost, the feature set with quantisation level, q=32, shows acceptable performance in terms of classification accuracy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wood displacement"
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Poirier, Nicole A. "Displacement washing of wood pulp." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65442.
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De, Debnath. "Reactive polymer enhanced miscible displacement in porous media /." *McMaster only, 1996.
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Hynek, Pavel. "Wood surface form improvement by real time displacement of tool trajectory." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414972.
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Ling, Hong. "Implementation of Stochastic Neural Networks for Approximating Random Processes." Master's thesis, Lincoln University. Environment, Society and Design Division, 2007. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20080108.124352/.
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Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) can be viewed as a mathematical model to simulate natural and biological systems on the basis of mimicking the information processing methods in the human brain. The capability of current ANNs only focuses on approximating arbitrary deterministic input-output mappings. However, these ANNs do not adequately represent the variability which is observed in the systems natural settings as well as capture the complexity of the whole system behaviour. This thesis addresses the development of a new class of neural networks called Stochastic Neural Networks (SNNs) in order to simulate internal stochastic properties of systems. Developing a suitable mathematical model for SNNs is based on canonical representation of stochastic processes or systems by means of Karhunen-Loève Theorem. Some successful real examples, such as analysis of full displacement field of wood in compression, confirm the validity of the proposed neural networks. Furthermore, analysis of internal workings of SNNs provides an in-depth view on the operation of SNNs that help to gain a better understanding of the simulation of stochastic processes by SNNs.
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Christoforo, André Luis. "Avaliação da rigidez rotacional em estruturas planas de madeira concebidas por elementos unidimensionais com dois parafusos por nó." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-31032016-164903/.
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Neste trabalho, é desenvolvido um programa através do método dos deslocamentos, em que o mesmo leva em consideração a influência do efeito da semi-rigidez rotacional nas ligações formadas por dois parafusos sobre o comportamento mecânico da estrutura. Esta configuração de parafusos é devidamente escolhida em função de sua corrente aplicação em estruturas de madeira, principalmente em estruturas auxiliares ou de cobertura. Vários exemplos de estruturas típicas de cobertura são executados considerando-se as três formas que o presente programa analisa, evidenciando-se a importância do comportamento semi-rígido sobre as ligações.In this work, a program is developed through the method of the displacements, in that the same get the worst of the influence of the effect of semi-rigidity rotational in the connections formed by two screws about the mechanical behaviour of the structure. This configuration of screws is chosen properly in function of your current application in wood structures, mainly in auxiliary structures or of covering. Several examples of typical structures of covering are executed being considered the three analysis forms in that the present program executes, being evidenced the importance of the semi-rigid behaviour about the connections.
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Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar Jesus. "A phylogenetic perspective on fine root ecology: assessing the role of root evolution on fine root functional traits and ecological interactions in woody angiosperms." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1384641579.
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Wang, Yue. "Studies on Hazard Characterization for Performance-based Structural Design." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-05-7742.
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Performance-based engineering (PBE) requires advances in hazard
characterization, structural modeling, and nonlinear analysis techniques to fully and
efficiently develop the fragility expressions and other tools forming the basis for
risk-based design procedures. This research examined and extended the state-of-the-art
in hazard characterization (wind and surge) and risk-based design procedures (seismic).
State-of-the-art hurricane models (including wind field, tracking and decay
models) and event-based simulation techniques were used to characterize the hurricane
wind hazard along the Texas coast. A total of 10,000 years of synthetic hurricane wind
speed records were generated for each zip-code in Texas and were used to statistically
characterize the N-year maximum hurricane wind speed distribution for each zip-code
location and develop design non-exceedance probability contours for both coastal and
inland areas.
Actual recorded wind and surge data, the hurricane wind field model, hurricane
size parameters, and a measure of storm kinetic energy were used to develop wind-surge and wind-surge-energy models, which can be used to characterize the wind-surge hazard
at a level of accuracy suitable for PBE applications. These models provide a powerful
tool to quickly and inexpensively estimate surge depths at coastal locations in advance of
a hurricane landfall. They also were used to create surge hazard maps that provide storm
surge height non-exceedance probability contours for the Texas coast.
The simulation tools, wind field models, and statistical analyses, make it possible
to characterize the risk-consistent hurricane events considering both hurricane intensity
and size. The proposed methodology for event-based hurricane hazard characterization,
when coupled with a hurricane damage model, can also be used for regional loss
estimation and other spatial impact analyses.
In considering seismic hazard, a risk-consistent framework for
displacement-based seismic design of engineered multistory woodframe structures was
developed. Specifically, a database of probability-based scale factors which can be used
in a direct displacement design (DDD) procedure for woodframe buildings was created
using nonlinear time-history analyses with suitably scaled ground motions records. The
resulting DDD procedure results in more risk-consistent designs and therefore advances
the state-of-the-art in displacement-based seismic design of woodframe structures.
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Schuldt, Bernhard. "Effects of experimental drought on hydraulic properties and leaf traits of upper canopy and understory tree species in a perhumid tropical forest in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-ADD8-8.
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KALNÁ, Eva. "Hodnocení vegetačních pozůstatků někdejšího osídlení ve vybrané příhraniční oblasti." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-47814.
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Eva Kalná, 2010:Evaluation of vegetation remnants of former settlements in selected border areas. It was chosen region Zhůří for this work, which is one of the displaced villages at Šumava Mountains, which was part of the Dobrá Voda military training area. First, the work is devoted to the history of the village and then to changes in vegetation both directly and indirectly influenced by humans. The part of theme of this paper is primarily exploring areas of interest in terms of plant species, providing evidence of former settlements and making photographs and map outputs for each species found. The next theme is the evaluate of using the area from 1949 to the present, which over decades has fundamentally changed. Work also focuses on comparisons between the state of use from the 1949 today state habitat.
Books on the topic "Wood displacement"
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Barczak, Thomas M. Factors affecting strength and stability of wood cribbing: Height, configuration, and horizontal displacement. Pgh. [i.e. Pittsburgh] Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1988.
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Auslander, Leora, and Tara Zahra, eds. Objects of War. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501720079.001.0001.
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Historians have become increasingly interested in material culture as both a category of analysis and as a teaching tool. What new insights can historians gain about the past by thinking about things? A central object (and consequence) of modern warfare is the radical destruction and transformation of the material world. And yet we know little about the role of material culture in the history of war and forced displacement: objects carried in flight; objects stolen on battlefields; objects expropriated, reappropriated, and remembered. This book illuminates the ways in which people have used things to grapple with the social, cultural, and psychological upheavals wrought by war and forced displacement. Chapters consider theft and pillaging as strategies of conquest; soldiers' relationships with their weapons; and the use of clothing and domestic goods by prisoners of war, extermination camp inmates, freed people, and refugees to make claims and to create a kind of normalcy. While studies of migration and material culture have proliferated in recent years, as have histories of the Napoleonic, colonial, World Wars, and postcolonial wars, few have focused on the movement of people and things in times of war across two centuries. This focus, in combination with a broad temporal canvas, serves historians and others well as they seek to push beyond the written word.
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Massam, Diane. Niuean. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793557.001.0001.
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This book presents a detailed descriptive and theoretical examination of predicate-argument structure in Niuean, a Polynesian language within the Oceanic branch of the Austronesian family, spoken mainly on the Pacific island of Niue and in New Zealand. Niuean has VSO word order and an ergative case-marking system, both of which raise questions for a subject-predicate view of sentence structure. Working within a broadly Minimalist framework, this volume develops an analysis in which syntactic arguments are not merged locally to their thematic sources, but instead are merged high, above an inverted extended predicate which serves syntactically as the Niuean verb, later undergoing movement into the left periphery of the clause. The thematically lowest argument merges as an absolutive inner subject, with higher arguments merging as applicatives. The proposal relates Niuean word order and ergativity to its isolating morphology, by equating the absence of inflection with the absence of IP in Niuean, which impacts many aspects of its grammar. As well as developing a novel analysis of clause and argument structure, word order, ergative case, and theta role assignment, the volume argues for an expanded understanding of subjecthood. Throughout the volume, many other topics are also treated, such as noun incorporation, word formation, the parallel internal structure of predicates and arguments, null arguments, displacement typology, the role of determiners, and the structure of the left periphery.
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Redfield, Marc. Shibboleth. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823289066.001.0001.
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In the Book of Judges, the Gileadites use the word shibboleth to target and kill members of a closely related tribe, the Ephraimites, who cannot pronounce the initial shin phoneme. In modern European languages, shibboleth has come to mean a hard-to-falsify sign that winnows identities and establishes and confirms borders; it has also acquired the ancillary meanings of slogan or cliché. The semantic field of shibboleth thus seems keyed to the waning of the logos in an era of technical reproducibility—to the proliferation of technologies and practices of encryption, decryption, exclusion and inclusion that saturate modern life. In the context of an unending refugee crisis and a general displacement, monitoring and quarantining of populations within a global regime of technics, Paul Celan’s subtle yet fierce reorientation of shibboleth merits scrupulous reading. Building on Jacques Derrida’s Shibboleth: For Paul Celan, but following its own itinerary, this book interprets the episode in Judges together with texts by Celan, passages from William Faulkner’s Absalom! Absalom!, and Doris Salcedo’s 2007 installation Shibboleth at the Tate Modern, pursuing the track of a word to which no language can properly lay claim—a word that is both less and more than a word, that signifies both the epitome and the ruin of border control technology, and that thus, despite its violent role in the Biblical story, offers Celan a locus of poetico-political affirmation.
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Blaustein, George. Pictures from an Institution. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190209209.003.0004.
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The founding Americanist institution in postwar Europe took place in a baroque, bomb-damaged castle and had only the tenuous approval of the US military government in Austria. Leopoldskron Castle had been owned by the theater impresario Max Reinhardt before the Nazis expropriated it. The Salzburg Seminar in American Civilization, a transnational collaboration of student organizations and Christian relief agencies, repurposed the castle in 1947 to bring American thought and art to occupied Europe. Scholars, novelists, and poets carried the American word abroad and, in turn, were shaped by their encounters in the ruins. This chapter is the story of that institution’s early years, perched between the imaginary geography of Mitteleuropa and the political geography of the Cold War. The Seminar preceded the Marshall Plan, and its previously unexplored archives yield dramas of denazification, displacement, and the bifurcation of Europe.
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Hornblower, Simon, and Giulia Biffis, eds. The Returning Hero. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811428.001.0001.
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This interdisciplinary book, which takes its origin from an international conference held in Oxford, brings together experts in ancient Greek (and Roman) history, literature, archaeology, and religion. It is about ancient Greek returns and returning, chiefly—but by no means only—of mythical Greek heroes from Troy. One main, and certainly the most ‘marked’, ancient Greek word for ‘return’ is nostos, plural nostoi, as in the English derivative ‘nostalgia’. The nostos theme runs through Greek literature (prose and poetic) and history from Homer’s Odyssey to Lykophron’s Alexandra, and nostoi were archaeologically and epigraphically commemorated. nostos-related traditions were important ingredients of colonial foundation myths, and helped to define Greek ethnicity, and to crystallize personal and communal identities: two chapters are concerned in different ways with emotions and personal identity, making use of the theoretical tool of place attachment. The special problems and vocabulary of exile are explored in the long Introduction. One chapter shows that failed nostoi can be more interesting than successful ones. Evidential absence (notably that of women) can be as important and illuminating as presence: mythical women are the main subject of another chapter, and they feature extensively in several more. The chapters in this book explore both literary and material evidence so as to achieve a better understanding of the nature of Greek settlement in the Mediterranean zone, and of Greek and Roman perceptions of home, displacement, and returning.
Book chapters on the topic "Wood displacement"
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Nakipoğlu, Mine. "Towards a Model of the Relation Between Prosodic Structure and Object Displacement in Turkish." In Word Order in Turkish, 261–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11385-8_8.
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"Displacement is the New Dispossession: A Word from Our Neighbors." In More Art in the Public Eye, 176–87. Duke University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781733099325-017.
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Polinsky, Maria, and Eric Potsdam. "Deriving VOS from VSO in Tongan." In Polynesian Syntax and its Interfaces, 61–88. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198860839.003.0004.
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Research on word order has established several possible ways in which VOS order can be derived from VSO order. This chapter considers the derivational relationship between VSO and VOS in the Polynesian language Tongan. VSO order is basic in Tongan, and we address the derivation of VOS from this basic order in the context of multiple possibilities. We argue that Tongan VOS is better analyzed as rightward displacement of the subject as opposed to leftward displacement of the object proposed by Otsuka (2005a,c). The clause-final subject shows many of the hallmarks of rightward movement, including information-structural restrictions, locality with respect to the matrix clause, lack of clitic doubling, and connectivity with respect to case and binding. Given that rightward movement has an uneasy place in syntactic theory, we take pains to establish that the analysis is successful and worth further scrutiny.
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"8 From Nicholas Love’s Mirror to John Heigham’s Life: Paratextual Displacements and Displaced Readers." In Discovering the Riches of the Word, 190–212. BRILL, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004290396_010.
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Keohane, Georgia Levenson. "Toward a New Disaster Finance." In Capital and the Common Good. Columbia University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231178020.003.0005.
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Looks at complex manmade disasters—thornier, in some ways, than natural disasters because they do not readily lend themselves to risk transfer. Displacement and dislocation—refugees fleeing conflict—are political failures, not market failures. Nevertheless, this chapter looks at whether there are ways to improve how donor funds are raised and spent in humanitarian relief, particularly as protracted human emergencies become long-term development challenges. The chapter’s concluding observations, with examples from investment for peace initiatives in the Middle East, return us to the original Bretton Woods theme: that economic development and political stability are necessarily intertwined.
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Nguyen, Catherine H. "Vietnam by Removes: Storytelling and Postmemory in Minh Tran Huy." In Post-Migratory Cultures in Postcolonial France, 96–111. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786941138.003.0006.
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Minh Tran Huy participates in the production of a second-generation Vietnamese French literature that departs from the first-generation’s autobiographical immigrant narrative. In two novels, La Princesse et le pêcheur [The Princess and the Fisherman] (2007) and Voyageur malgré lui [Travelers in Spite of Themselves] (2012), Tran Huy engages with the postmemory that interrogates war and the trauma of the French colonization of Indochina, the American military engagement during the Vietnam War and refugee displacement from Vietnam to France that parents and families experienced. Attending to Tran Huy’s position as a second-generation Vietnamese French woman writer, I argue that she (re)presents the second generation’s postmemory through the mode of storytelling. Storytelling highlights the interpersonal exchange and transmission that occurs through the spoken word between generations despite traumatic silence.
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Elsky, Julia. "A Jewish Poetics of Exile." In Writing Occupation, 29–62. Stanford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503613676.003.0002.
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Benjamin Fondane lived through two displacements: first when he immigrated from Romania to France in the 1920s; and then again when he went into semihiding in Paris under the Occupation. Although he had come to French in search of a literary community through language adoption, in his wartime poetry he questions the possibility of a monolingual language. This chapter focuses on Fondane’s revisions of his poetry during the war, and in particular on L’Exode, his literary representations of the June 1940 flight toward the Southern Zone. Fondane writes in many languages at once: he not only incorporates the names of Hebrew letters and transcriptions of prayer in his French text but he also states that even if only one word existed in the world there would still be no one language. In this chapter, Fondane’s texts are also put into dialogue with Jacques Derrida’s Monolingualism of the Other.
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Košćak, Nikola. "Figure bjelina." In Periferno u hrvatskom jeziku, kulturi i društvu / Peryferie w języku chorwackim, kulturze i społeczeństwie, 125–60. University of Silesia Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/pn.4038.08.
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Stylistics and rhetoric have always neglected stylogenic procedures associated with the writing level of the language message, procedures based on manipulating the spacing between the words remaining peripheral even in one of the most elaborate overviews of the figures of writing, that of the German rhetorician H. F. Plett, who displays a series of procedures the basis of which is playing of graphemes (or graphs), punctuation and spelling signs. The method of this research will be inspired by the research of Plett, who divides and defines the graphemic figures (as he calls the processes known as figures of writing) by the addition, subtraction, permutation, substitution and equivalence of individual elements of the writing. According to these operations, five subtypes of these figures will be identified and exemplified: the addition, subtraction, permutation, substitution and equivalence figures of spacing, depending on whether any conventional record is modified by adding, omission or displacement of spacing, by replacing spacing with any other means of writing, or about whether any equivalence of the methods of manipulating the spacing between the word within a record is shown. The corpus consists of examples from the Croatian advertising, journalistic and literary discourse, also including examples from other contexts, in order to address the omnipresence of these figures in contemporary culture.
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Watt, Paul. "Beginnings." In Estate Regeneration and its Discontents, 223–62. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447329183.003.0008.
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This chapter examines the beginning phase of regeneration, and emphasises how residents became disillusioned, not least due to unsatisfactory consultation processes. Two examples of early-stage regeneration are discussed: the long-running, incomplete Canning Town/Custom House scheme in Newham, and the more recent Northwold estate scheme in Hackney. Residents raised similar concerns at each: inadequate consultation, unclear information, anxieties about demolition and the breakup and displacement of the existing community, and that the primary beneficiaries would be property developers rather than themselves. Residents often regarded consultation as confused and confusing, not due to ‘ignorance’ but rather resulting from the one-sided, obfuscatory and sanitised nature of consultation, including surveys that omit the D-word – ‘demolition’. The final section analyses residents’ responses to comprehensive redevelopment involving demolition. A profound value gap exists between regeneration rationales and mass media place myths about estates (‘sink estates’), and residents’ own attachments to their homes and neighbourhoods. Reponses to demolition are impacted by tenure and associated rehousing rights, with council/social tenants (with most rights) being relatively more favourably inclined than owner-occupiers or temporary tenants. The minority of social tenant demolition supporters tended to be those who were already un-homed either due to overcrowding or poor-quality housing.
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Oreskes, Naomi. "Drift Mechanisms in the 1920s." In The Rejection of Continental Drift. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117325.003.0010.
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The final chapter of the third edition of The Origin of Continents and Oceans was devoted to the dynamic causes of drift, and Wegener’s tone in these final fifteen pages was decidedly more tentative than in the rest. Frankly acknowledging the huge uncertainties surrounding this issue, he proceeded on the basis of a phenomenological argument. Mountains, Wegener pointed out, are not randomly distributed: they are concentrated on the western and equatorial margins of continents. The Andes and Rockies, for example, trace the western margins of North and South America; the Alps and the Himalayas follow a latitudinal trend on their equatorial sides of Europe and Asia. If mountains are the result of compression on the leading edges of drifting continents, then the overall direction of continental drift must be westward and equatorial. Continental displacements are not random, as the English word drift might imply, but coherent. This coherence had been the inspiration for an earlier version of drift proposed by the American geologist Frank Bursley Taylor (1860–1938). A geologist in the Glacial Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under T. C. Chamberlin, Taylor was primaril known for his work on the Pleistocene geology of the Great Lakes region. But his knowledge extended beyond regional studies: as a special student at Harvard, he had studied geology and astronomy; as a survey geologist under the influence of Chamberlin and G. K. Gilbert, he had published a number of articles on theoretical problems. One of these was an 1898 pamphlet outlining a theory of the origin of the moon by planetary capture; in 1903, Taylor developed his theoretical ideas more fully in a privately published book. Turning the Darwin–Fisher fissiparturition hypothesis on its head, Taylor proposed that the moon had not come from the earth but had been captured by it after the close approach of a cornet. Once caught, (lie tidal effect of the moon increased the speed of the earth’s rotation and pulled the continents away from the poles toward the equator. In 1910, Taylor pursued the geological implications of this idea in an article in the Bulletin of the Geological Society of America entitled “Bearing of the Tertiary Mountain Belt on the Origin of the Earth’s Plan.”
Conference papers on the topic "Wood displacement"
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Arno, Sally, Neal Kinariwala, Richelle Takemoto, Daniel Hennessy, Nguyen Q. Nguyen, Keith Chan, Joseph Fetto, and Peter S. Walker. "Stress Evaluation of a Short, Medium and Long Stem Proximal Fill Femoral Implants." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-204081.
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The femoral stem of a traditional total hip arthroplasty is believed to be essential for fixation and stability. Stems achieve early stability in a non-physiological fashion by a combination of friction and circumferential displacement of bone, similar to that of a nail being impacted into a piece of wood. In contrast, the “Revelation” femoral prosthesis, produced by DJO Surgical Corporation, relies upon a proximal lateral expansion (“Lateral Flare” design concept) to achieve stability.
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Kakihara, Takahiro, and Kiyoshi Yanagihara. "Development of Bio-Mass Fuel for Small Displacement Engine to Reduce CO2: Feasibility of Disposed Alcoholic Beverages as Bio-Mass Source." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54736.
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This study deals with bio-ethanol distilled from disposed alcoholic beverages. Through the various experiments while using a small displacement engine which is equipped with electric fuel injection (E.F.I.) system, the feasibility of the disposed alcoholic beverages; leftover-beer is investigated as one of the bio-mass sources. Currently bio-masses are classified into the following seven bio-mass sources, livestock excreta, sewage sludge, human waste sludge, waste of food, agricultural residue, wood-based (wood chips) bio-mass and crops. In those bio-mass sources, the authors pay their attention to the amount of leftover-beer after a banquet. Our investigation clarifies that about 12 l of beer is left and disposed after a banquet of 150 people. Since beer contains 5% alcohols, 600 cc of ethanol can be obtained without fermentation process. Thus in order to obtain alcohol as a fuel, in collaboration with some hotels, leftover-beer is collected. As to a fuel, higher concentration of distilled alcoholic beverages is preferable. Therefore a new double distillation system is developed to separate water, and 85.9% bio-ethanol fuel is produced from 5% alcoholic density of leftover-beer. The ethanol evaporation characteristic of this bio-ethanol is investigated, it is equal to 98% ethanol reagent. This showed that it can be mixed with gasoline. Also, in order to confirm its performance as a fuel, the obtained ethanol is experimented with 121 cc of small displacement engine which is equipped with E.F.I. system. The results of this experiment are compared to unleaded gasoline and showed that it has the same performance of engine power, especially in case of before top dead center (B.T.D.C.) 15.0 deg.. We also calculated the volume of CO2 emission discharged in distilled ethanol under driving conditions B.T.D.C. 15.0 deg., 4000 rpm, for 1 hour. The CO2 production of distilled ethanol is 34.4 kgCO2, on the other hand, CO2 production of unleaded gasoline is 2.82 kgCO2. This result shows that the system with high energy efficiency to separate ethanol and water is desired. Furthermore, the density of acetaldehyde from exhaust gas is analyzed. An extremely low reading of 28 ppm is obtained. The results prove the effect of acetaldehyde to the human body is negligible. Finally, employing 50 cc motorcycles with our developed E.F.I. system, experiment with bio-mass ethanol is executed. The results proved the feasibility of our developed bio-ethanol can be a new low emission bio-mass source.
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Yu, Hailing, and David Jeong. "Railroad Tie Responses to Directly Applied Rail Seat Loading in Ballasted Tracks: A Computational Study." In 2012 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2012-74149.
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This paper describes work in-progress that applies the finite element (FE) method in predicting the responses of individual railroad crossties to rail seat pressure loading in a ballasted track. Both wood and prestressed concrete crossties are examined. The concrete tie is modeled as a heterogeneous medium with prestressing wires or strands embedded in a concrete matrix. The constitutive relations employed in the models are: elasticity followed by damaged plasticity for the concrete material, linear elastic bond-slip relations with potential initiation and evolution of damage to the bond for the steel-concrete interfaces, orthotropic elasticity followed by failure dictated by orthotropic stress criteria for the wood ties, extended Drucker-Prager plasticity for the granular and frictional ballast material, and elastic half space for the subgrade. The corresponding material parameters are obtained from the open literature. Under a simplified pressure load uniformly distributed over the rail seat area, the FE method predicts tensile cracking at the tie base below the rail seats of a concrete tie and compressive failure in the rail seats of a wood tie. The rail seat force-displacement relations are obtained from the simulations. The resultant rail seat forces at which tie failures occur are compared for concrete and wood ties. The FE method appears to be a promising tool for studying the railroad tie behavior under rail seat loading conditions in a ballasted track. Experimental data will be sought to calibrate the material parameters and verify the modeling approach. Additional track components, particularly rails, rail pads and fasteners, will be incorporated in future modeling efforts. This detailed modeling approach may help to shed light on the rail seat deterioration failure mechanisms observed in some concrete ties.
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Mikoshiba, Tadashi, Chikahiro Minowa, and Toshio Chiba. "Dynamic Behavior of the Five Storied Pagoda Under the Earthquake and the Wind." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77022.
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Five storied pagoda is built of wood and is known as a high earthquake proof structure. The pagoda is composed of the frame and the center column. The center column is structurally independent of the frame structure. Many researchers have mainly been interested in its dynamic characteristics under the earthquake. They have focused on the acceleration response of the pagoda. This time, we observed not only its dynamic characteristics under seismic load but also under strong wind load. We focused on the displacement response of the pagoda. By integrating the acceleration data twice, the displacement of the structure was obtained. Under low level earthquake, the pagoda swayed about the central axis of the structure. On the other hand, the pagoda was statically deformed by the wind pressure and swayed in the deformed central axis of the structure. The dynamic behavior of the pagoda in the wind is distinctly different from that of the earthquake.
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Gergel, John T., Vishali M. Vasudevan, and Matthew H. Hebdon. "Railroad Tie Lateral Resistance on Open-Deck Plate Girder Bridges." In 2020 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2020-8053.
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Abstract On open-deck railroad bridges, the crossties (sleepers) are directly supported by the bridge superstructure and anchored with deck tie fasteners such as hook bolts. These fasteners provide lateral resistance for the bridge ties, and in railroad bridge design, their spacing is controlled by the required lateral resistance of the ties. Currently there are no provisions to assist in the calculation of lateral resistance provided by railroad ties on open-deck bridges, and as a result there are no specific requirements for the spacing of deck tie fasteners. This has led to different design practices specific to each railroad, and inconsistent fastener spacing in existing railroad bridges. A research plan was conducted to experimentally quantify the lateral resistance of timber crossties on open-deck plate girder bridges using different wood species and types of fasteners. Experimental tests were conducted on four different species of timber crossties (Beech, Sycamore, Southern Pine, and Oak) with three different types of fasteners (square body hook bolt, forged hook bolt, and Quick-Set Anchors). A structural test setup simulated one half of an open-deck bridge with a smooth-top steel plate girder, and hydraulic actuators to apply both vertical and horizontal load to a railroad tie specimen. The three main contributions to lateral resistance on open-deck bridges were identified as friction resistance between tie and girder due to vertical load from a truck axle, resistance from the fastener, and resistance from dapped ties bearing against the girder flange. Initial testing conducted at Virginia Tech isolated each component of lateral resistance to determine the friction coefficient between tie and girder as well as resistance from just the fastener itself. Results indicate that friction resistance varies based on the magnitude of vertical truck axle load, species of wood, and quantity of creosote preservative on the tie, while fastener resistance varies based on type of fastener and displacement of the tie. With the experimental results, a preliminary equation for calculating the overall resistance of open-deck timber crossties is developed, which allows for a recommendation of fastener spacing based on the type of fastener, wood species, and anticipated lateral loads on the structure.
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Lindstro¨m, Anders, and Stefan Hallstro¨m. "Energy Absorption of Sandwich Panels Subjected to In-Plane Loads." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95771.
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The energy absorption mechanisms of sandwich panels subjected to in-plane compression are studied. Quasi-static experiments are performed and analysed in order to support the development of a modelling strategy for failure initiation and propagation in sandwich panels. The test specimens consist of balsa wood cores and glass-fibre reinforced polyester faces. During compression of a tested panel, the displacement field on one outer face is measured using a digital speckle photography (DSP) equipment. The absorbed energy is related to debonding, delamination and crushing of the face sheets and crushing of the core. At initial failure, the load drops dramatically and is then relatively constant during continued compression. The energy per unit length necessary for propagation of the damage is considerably lower than for damage initiation. Assuming that the damage propagation is uniform through the thickness of the panels a simple model of damage growth is developed. Calibration of the model is however dubious due to the large scatter in the experimental results. The studied material shows damage mechanisms favourable for efficient energy absorption but the behaviour is far from being optimal.
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Schubert, Jim, and Konrad Fichtner. "Gasification/Cogeneration Using MSW Residuals and Biomass." In 13th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec13-3154.
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The City of Edmonton presently collects and processes about 230,000 tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) and recyclables per year at the composting and materials recovery facilities located at the Edmonton Waste Management Centre. Over 60% of the waste materials that are brought to the facilities are recycled and composted. Remaining residuals from both the composting and materials recovery facilities have little value in terms of being further recycled and are currently being landfilled. The residuals do have a significant calorific value and have the potential to produce enough electricity to provide 100% of the power and heating for facilities at the Edmonton Waste Management Centre (EWMC), with remaining energy for adjacent developments. The City is considering advanced thermal treatment (not conventional incineration) of the residual waste (after recycling and composting) as a way to close the loop in waste management in terms of minimizing waste materials that are landfilled and reducing the net energy requirement for waste processing and disposal to nil. Other renewable biomass waste streams (e.g.: wood or agricultural waste) could complement operation of the facility and make it more economically viable (economies of scale). There are also other environmental benefits such as reductions in the overall greenhouse gas (GHG) and other harmful emissions by displacement of fossil fuel as an energy source.
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Alam, Shah, and Guoqiang Li. "A Study of Hybrid Composite Sandwich Beam." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11845.
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Abstract This study presents the testing and numerical modeling results of composite sandwich beams. The sandwich beams are constructed from balsa wood in the core and high strength steel wire and E-glass fiber reinforced polymer composite in the facings. The testing of these beams is performed using a monotonic static four-point loading to failure in accordance with ASTM C393-00. Local strain distribution in the mid-span of the beams is obtained using strain gauges. Mid-span deflections of the beams are real-time measured using linear variable displacement transducer (LVDT). From the experimental results, flexural properties of the beams are calculated, including bending stiffness, bending strength, core shear strength, and facing modulus, core modulus, etc. The experimental results have shown that the beams have all failed in the compression zone by local buckling of the top face and shear of the core. The bottom skin does not exhibit any type of premature failure or distress. No bond failure of the composite in the tension zone is observed in any of the tested beams. Finite element modeling of the beam has been conducted using ANSYS. The mechanical properties of the skin and core material used in finite element modeling have been determined by testing of coupons. The predicted results are compared to experimental results, with a reasonable agreement.
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Ozola, Lilita, and Janis Fabriciuss. "Risk analysis in the design of timber portal frames with semi-rigid knee joints." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.1104.
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<p>The complex behaviour of anisotropic wood material and semi-rigid connections in knee joints of timber portal frames leads to a discussion on additional design conditions entailing strength failure criteria. Also the assessment of the consequences of deformation development and increase of global displacements of a system due to the load duration impact in semi-rigid connections is essentially important for a sustainable design. Some important affecting factors: the resistance of wood in tension perpendicular to the direction of the grain, development of deformations in semi- rigid connections and uncertainty of bearing capacity are examined regarding their role in a safety format.</p>
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Anderson, Benjamin, Edwin Shim, Hammam Zeitoun, and Eu Jeen Chin. "Approach to Lateral Buckling and On-Bottom Stability Interaction Assessment." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10250.
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Lateral buckling and on-bottom stability are often considered independently during pipeline design. However, it is expected that the interaction between lateral buckling and on-bottom stability will become an increasingly common and important pipeline design consideration; as projects move into higher temperature / higher pressure (HT/HP) design conditions in areas of cyclonic metocean environments. The interaction of lateral buckling and on-bottom stability occurs mainly at shallow water depths. This interaction is not expected in deeper water depths where the hydrodynamic loading from storms is less significant at the sea floor. The main challenges faced in assessing lateral buckling and stability interaction include; bounding storm-induced horizontal out-of-straightness (HOOS), capturing the increased tendency to buckling due to lift and inline forces from hydrodynamic loading, and the post-buckle response at unplanned and planned initiation sites during a storm event. In cases where pipeline absolute stability cannot be assured, storm-induced HOOS can be introduced into the pipeline. This HOOS can govern the buckling design; rather than HOOS due to pipelay, or vertical out-of-straightness (VOOS) due to bathymetric features. In addition, the lift and inline forces due to the storm loading increases the tendency for pipelines to buckle, and increases the likelihood of rogue buckle formation. Subsequently, storm loading may play a significant role in terms of initiation and response of uncontrolled lateral buckling, and therefore the extents of buckle control schemes (if required). Furthermore, it is important to consider the response at planned initiation sites under storm loading. Severe storm loading can result in significant lateral displacement of planned buckles; affecting the strains and bending moments in the pipeline and influencing the buckling design. This paper outlines the approach and knowledge gained from recent experiences in the design of pipelines subject to lateral buckling and severe cyclonic metocean conditions. The insight gained can be applied to other systems where the interaction of lateral buckling and on-bottom stability is of a concern. In order to perform appropriate assessments, Wood Group Kenny used a number of advanced finite element (FE) models which simulate buckle responses under various sea states for on-seabed and at snake bend location.