Journal articles: 'Wood-decaying'

1

Dai, Y. C., B. K. Cui, H. S. Yuan, and B. D. Li. "Pathogenic wood-decaying fungi in China." Forest Pathology 37, no. 2 (April 2007): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.2007.00485.x.

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Oh, S., D. P. Kamdem, D. E. Keathley, and K. H. Han. "Detection and Species Identification of Wood-Decaying Fungi by Hybridization of Immobilized Sequence-Specific Oligonucleotide Probes with PCR-Amplified Fungal Ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacers." Holzforschung 57, no. 4 (June 26, 2003): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2003.052.

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SummaryWe developed an effective detection method for wood-decaying fungi by hybridization of immobilized Sequence-Specific Oligonucleotide Probes with florescent-labeled PCR-amplified fungal rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequences. This method takes advantage of both the sequence specificity of Southern blot hybridization and the sensitivity of the previously reported PCR-based fungal species identification methods. Bothin vitrocultured fungal strains and naturally decaying wood samples were used to demonstrate that this method is robust and practical for detection of incipient wood-decaying fungi. It can be a useful tool for microbial ecology, plant pathology, protection of wood products in service, preservation efforts for high-value furniture and wood-based art and DNA fingerprinting for tracking the source of contamination of wood decay fungi.

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Iqbal, A. Muhammed, Kattany Vidyasagaran, and Narayan Ganesh. "Host specificity of some wood decaying-fungi in moist deciduous forests of Kerala, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 4 (April 26, 2017): 10096. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3168.9.4.10096-10101.

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The low diversity tropical forest is dominated by host specialized wood decaying fungi (Hymenochaetales, Polyporales) with narrow host range. To understand whether or not wood decaying fungi in a highly diverse tropical moist deciduous forest have any kind of host specialization, sporophores of 22 species of wood decaying fungi were recorded on 17 tree species in three seasons viz., pre monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon from the moist deciduous forests of Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India. Only two of the 22 species with three or more records showed signs of host specialization. In the case of other fungi, the number of host tree species increased with increasing number of occupied or colonized logs. The findings support the assumption that most of the wood decaying fungi have broad host ranges in highly diverse forest types in the tropics.

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Bobeková, Elena, Michal Tomšovský, and Petr Horáček. "Application of molecular genetic methods for identification of wood-decaying fungi in wood constructions." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 56, no. 2 (2008): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200856020281.

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The aim of the paper is to evaluate the utilization of molecular biology methods for detection of wood decaying fungi directly from decomposed wood using a commercial DNA extraction kit developed for soil substrates (PowerSoil™ DNA isolation kit). The experiment based on dry rot fungus (Serpula lacrymans) detection from inoculated wooden pieces under laboratory conditions was followed by field detection of wood-decaying fungi from wood structures on building constructions. Fungal DNA was identified using the PCR–based methods including species-specific PCR and sequencing of amplified ITS region of ribosomal DNA.

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Ogura-Tsujita, Yuki, Kenshi Tetsuka, Shuichiro Tagane, Miho Kubota, Shuichiro Anan, Yumi Yamashita, Koichi Tone, and Tomohisa Yukawa. "Differing Life-History Strategies of Two Mycoheterotrophic Orchid Species Associated with Leaf Litter- and Wood-Decaying Fungi." Diversity 13, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13040161.

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Mycoheterotrophic orchids depend completely on mycorrhizal fungi for their supply of carbon. The life-history traits of mycoheterotrophic plants (MHPs) can differ according to the characteristics of the associated mycorrhizal fungi. We compared the life-history strategies of two mycoheterotrophic orchids associated with wood- and leaf litter-decaying fungi over a maximum of six years of field monitoring. Seventy percent of the aboveground stems of Erythrorchis altissima, associated with wood-decaying fungi, disappeared from the host wood within two years after tagging, likely due to nutrient depletion. In contrast, Gastrodia confusa, associated with leaf litter-decaying fungi, occurred continuously (18 to 108 fruiting stalks) every year within a small-scale plot (12 × 45 m) for six years through seed and clonal propagation. Our results support the idea that mycoheterotrophic orchids associated with wood-decaying fungi disappear from their habitats due to nutrient depletion after their host wood has mostly decayed, while mycoheterotrophic orchids associated with leaf litter-decaying fungi can survive in small-scale habitats where substantial leaf fall regularly occurs to sustain the associated fungi. Our study provides basic information about a unique life-history strategy in MHPs associated with saprotrophic fungi and an understanding of the variation in life-history strategies among MHPs.

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Rothman, Jessica M., Peter J. Van Soest, and Alice N. Pell. "Decaying wood is a sodium source for mountain gorillas." Biology Letters 2, no. 3 (April 25, 2006): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0480.

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Like several other non-human primates, mountain gorillas ( Gorilla beringei beringei ) in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda consume decaying wood, an interesting but puzzling behaviour. This wood has little obvious nutritional value; it is low in protein and sugar, and high in lignin compared to other foods. We collected pieces of wood eaten and avoided by gorillas, and other foods consumed by gorillas, and measured their sodium content. Wood was substantially higher in sodium than other dietary items, and wood pieces from stumps eaten contained more sodium than those that were avoided. Wood represented only 3.9% of the wet weight food intake of gorillas, but contributed over 95% of dietary sodium, leading us to conclude that decaying wood is an important sodium source for Bwindi gorillas. Because sodium has been leached from the weathered soils characteristic of the subhumid and humid tropics, and because terrestrial plants generally do not require sodium, tropical herbivores, including gorillas, often encounter problems locating the sodium essential for their well-being. Decaying wood is an unexpected sodium source.

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Kaila, Lauri. "A new method for collecting quantitative samples of insects associated with decaying wood or wood fungi." Entomologica Fennica 4, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.83745.

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A trapping method for collecting quantitative samples of insects, especially beetles (Coleoptera) associated with decaying wood or wood fungi, is described. The trap is a modification of the window flight trap, attached to dead tree trunks, preferably close to the basidiocarps of polypores. Sampling during the summer of 1990 in southern Finland showed that large numbers of insects living in decaying wood or polypores can be caught with this method without destroying the habitat. Several threatened species were found during this sampling.

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Shirouzu, Takashi, Dai Hirose, and Seiji Tokumasu. "Host tree-recurrence of wood-decaying Dacrymycetes." Fungal Ecology 5, no. 5 (October 2012): 562–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2012.01.006.

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9

Boddy, Lynne. "Interspecific combative interactions between wood-decaying basidiomycetes." FEMS Microbiology Ecology 31, no. 3 (March 2000): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2000.tb00683.x.

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Tiwari, C. K., Jagrati Parihar, and R. K. Verma. "Additions to wood decaying fungi of India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 2, no. 6 (June 26, 2010): 970–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.o2214.970-3.

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11

Clausen, Carol A. "Bacterial associations with decaying wood: a review." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 37, no. 1-2 (January 1996): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0964-8305(95)00109-3.

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12

Betlej, Izabela, Andres Bogusław, and Krzysztof J. Krajewski. "Evaluation of fungicidal effects of post-culture medium of selected mold fungi and bacteria in relation to Basidiomycetes fungi, causing wood destruction." BioResources 15, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 2471–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.2.2471-2482.

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The results of the post-culture fungicidal medium from Trichoderma viride Pers. and Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. mold fungi and Acetobacter xylinum bacteria were studied relative to selected fungi belonging to Basidiomycetes, which cause wood decay. The obtained results confirmed that post-culture liquids derived from the cultivation of various microorganisms might have a differentiated fungicidal effect on wood-decaying fungi. The lowest concentration of fluid from A. xylinum culture added to the growth medium of the studied fungi that completely inhibited the growth was 5mL/100mL.The fungicidal effect of the liquid from the mold fungus culture on the tested wood-decaying fungi turned out to be definitely low. Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd proved to be the most sensitive species. Pleurotus cornucopiae (Paulet) Rolland showed complete resistance to the liquid added to the growth medium, derived from mold fungi. The A. xylinum bacterial culture-fluid may be subject to further analysis as a natural biocide in protecting wood against wood-decaying fungi.

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13

Johnson, Gary C. "A comparison of the efficacy of six media for isolating wood-decaying Hymenomycetes." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-014.

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Six media reported to be useful for isolating Hymenomycetes from decaying wood were compared. Plates containing these media were inoculated with small segments taken from decaying wood collected in the field. Hymenomycetes and other microorganisms that grew from the segments were recorded. A malt extract – potato dextrose agar medium that incorporated benomyl, neomycin, and streptomycin was the most successful at isolating the white or brown rot fungi.Key words: isolation media, Hymenomycetes, Basidiomycotina, wood decay fungi, benomyl.

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Edman, Mattias, and Anna-Maria Eriksson. "Competitive outcomes between wood-decaying fungi are altered in burnt wood." FEMS Microbiology Ecology 92, no. 6 (April 7, 2016): fiw068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiw068.

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15

Mlynarek, Julia J., Amélie Grégoire Taillefer, and Terry A. Wheeler. "Saproxylic Diptera assemblages in a temperate deciduous forest: implications for community assembly." PeerJ 6 (December 4, 2018): e6027. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6027.

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Saproxylic insects, those associated directly or indirectly with decaying wood for all or part of their life cycle, compose a large proportion of forest organisms. Flies (Diptera) are often the most abundant and species-rich group of insects in forest microhabitats, yet most work to date on saproxylic insect diversity and ecology has focused on beetles (Coleoptera). We compared saproxylic Diptera assemblages reared from two tree species (sugar maple and American beech) at two stages of decay (early/young and advanced/old) for a total of 20 logs in an eastern Canadian Nearctic old-growth forest. We found that communities are distinct within both species type and decay stage of wood. Early decay stage wood is more variable in community composition than later decay stage; however, as the age of the decaying wood increases, the abundance of Diptera increases significantly. Most indicator species are discernible in later decay stage and wood type. We venture to suggest that stochastic and deterministic processes may play a role in driving Diptera communities in temperate deciduous forests. To retain the highest saproxylic Diptera diversity in a forest, a variety of decaying wood types at different stages of decomposition is necessary.

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Fekete, Frank A., Vikas Chandhoke, and Jody Jellison. "Iron-Binding Compounds Produced by Wood-Decaying Basidiomycetes †." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55, no. 10 (1989): 2720–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.55.10.2720-2722.1989.

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17

LIU, JIAN-KUI, ZONG-LONG LUO, NING-GUO LIU, RATCHADAWAN CHEEWANGKOON, and CHAIWAT TO-ANUN. "Two novel species of Paradictyoarthrinium from decaying wood." Phytotaxa 338, no. 3 (February 16, 2018): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.3.6.

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Two new hyphomycetes, Paradictyoarthrinium aquatica and P. hydei were collected and isolated from submerged wood and decaying wood in China and Thailand respectively. Morphologically, they line well with Paradictyoarthrinium in having superficial, gregarious, black, powdery fruiting bodies, macronematous conidiophores with unevenly dictyoseptate, muriform, subglobose to ellipsoidal dark brown conidia, but they differ from the other species in having short conidiophores. Phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU, ITS and RPB2 sequence data showed that six taxa of Paradictyoarthriniaceae, including the two new species, form a monotypic clade among the phylogenetically close families in Pleosporales with good support. Six isolates of Paradictyoarthrinium formed four distinct clades and represent four different species. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of the new species are provided, as well as the comparisons with related taxa.

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18

Pouska, Václav, Petr Macek, Lucie Zíbarová, and Harald Ostrow. "How does the richness of wood-decaying fungi relate to wood microclimate?" Fungal Ecology 27 (June 2017): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2016.06.006.

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Dumais, Daniel, and Marcel Prévost. "Germination and establishment of natural red spruce (Picea rubens) seedlings in silvicultural gaps of different sizes." Forestry Chronicle 92, no. 01 (January 2016): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2016-021.

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Red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) is difficult to regenerate from natural seeding following silvicultural treatment. In order to study its germination and establishment, we monitored the dynamics of new seedlings over 10 years in silvicultural gaps of different sizes (small: < 100 m2, medium: 100–300 m2, large: > 700 m2). Seedling density was higher in small gaps but survival rate did not exceed 40%, leaving few live seedlings after 10 years (< 200 ha-1). Mounds were the best microtopography for seedlings. Our results confirm the important role of decaying wood and moss for understory germination and establishment. Decaying wood was important for the establishment in large gaps while humus was more favourable in medium gaps. In small gaps, germinants and established seedlings were found as much on moss as humus and decaying wood. However, low observed densities suggest that planting in small or medium gaps should be explored for accelerating species renewal, especially if advance regeneration is deficient.

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Czarnecka, Magdalena, and Oliver Miler. "Decay processes in woody debris influence the taxonomic and functional composition of littoral macroinvertebrates." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 75, no. 10 (October 2018): 1596–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0364.

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We examined the effects of woody debris decay state on the densities, taxonomic and functional composition, and diversity of macroinvertebrates in littoral zones of undeveloped lakes. Our study revealed that the interacting effects of increasing roughness and softness of the wood, as well as changes in the quality of food resources with progressing decomposition of woody debris, exerted the strongest impacts on macroinvertebrate communities. Structurally complex, decomposed wood supported higher densities and species richness of macroinvertebrates than undecayed wood. We also found several taxa that were typical for decayed wood, including macroinvertebrates considered as xylophages. Decaying wood underpinned greater functional richness than undecayed wood, with high densities of collector–gatherers and shredders that could benefit from organic matter originating from decomposing wooden tissue, as well as predators attracted by numerous potential prey inhabiting this complex habitat. As decaying wood enhanced abundant and diverse macroinvertebrate communities, which in turn could subsidize upper trophic levels, it provides a valuable habitat in littoral zones, particularly in lakes with already sparse macrophyte cover.

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Adamo, Martino, Samuele Voyron, Mariangela Girlanda, and Roland Marmeisse. "RNA extraction from decaying wood for (meta)transcriptomic analyses." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 63, no. 10 (October 2017): 841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2017-0230.

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Wood decomposition is a key step of the terrestrial carbon cycle and is of economic importance. It is essentially a microbiological process performed by fungi and to an unknown extent by bacteria. To gain access to the genes expressed by the diverse microbial communities participating in wood decay, we developed an RNA extraction protocol from this recalcitrant material rich in polysaccharides and phenolic compounds. This protocol was implemented on 22 wood samples representing as many tree species from 11 plant families in the Angiosperms and Gymnosperms. RNA was successfully extracted from all samples and converted into cDNAs from which were amplified both fungal and bacterial protein coding genes, including genes encoding hydrolytic enzymes participating in lignocellulose hydrolysis. This protocol applicable to a wide range of decomposing wood types represents a first step towards a metatranscriptomic analysis of wood degradation under natural conditions.

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Rajala, Tiina, Mikko Peltoniemi, Taina Pennanen, and Raisa Mäkipää. "Relationship between wood-inhabiting fungi determined by molecular analysis (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and quality of decaying logs." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, no. 12 (December 2010): 2384–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x10-176.

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We investigated the fungal communities inhabiting decaying logs in a seminatural boreal forest stand in relation to host tree species, stage of decay, density, diameter, moisture, C to N ratio, Klason lignin content, and water- and ethanol-soluble extractives. Communities were profiled using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting of the rDNA ITS1 region coupled with sequencing of fungal DNA extracted directly from the wood. In addition, polypore fruit bodies were inventoried. Logs from different tree species had different fungal communities and different physicochemical properties (e.g., C to N ratio, density, ethanol extractives, and diameter). Ascomycetes comprised a larger portion of communities inhabiting deciduous birch ( Betula spp.) and European aspen ( Populus tremula L.) logs compared with those living on coniferous Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.). A relationship between mycelial community structure and density of decaying spruce logs suggested a succession of fungi with mass loss of wood. The fruit body inventory underestimated fungal diversity in comparison with the culture-free denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis that also detected inconspicuous but important species inhabiting decaying wood.

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Vasant Pandit Mali, Vijay Udhav Gore. "Survey of Wood-Decaying Fungi from Vaijapur Taluka,Aurangabad (M.S.) India." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1009.007.

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The survey and collection of wood-decaying fungi were carried from Vaijapur Taluka, Aurangabad (M.S.) India. Thirty-seven wood-decaying fungi were collected from July 2016 to November 2019 after a regular interval, 20 to 25 days after heavy rainfall. From that eleven different genus and twelve species of macro-fungi were identified according to morphological and microscopic features. Based on observations the Auricularia mesenterica, Flavodon flavus, Phellinus badius and Schizophyllum commune are dominating macrofungi while Cellulariella acuta, Daldinia concentric, Funalia floccosa, Ganoderma lucidum, Leucocoprinus cepistipes, Phellinus gilvus, Trametes cingulata and Xylaria polymorpha were rarely observed macro-fungi.

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KRIVOSHEINA, MARINA G. "Description of the immature stages of Discobola annulata (Linnaeus, 1758) and D. margarita Alexander, 1924 (Diptera, Limoniidae) with notes in their biology." Zoosymposia 3, no. 1 (December 22, 2009): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.3.1.7.

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After a summary on the biology of Discobola, a general description is presented of the larva and pupa of the genus, followed by a more specific description of the larva and pupa of D. annulata (Linnaeus, 1758) and, for the first time, D. margarita Alexander, 1924. D. annulata was reared from decaying wood blocks of Alnus, Populus and Betula and from mold under the bark of Abies and Picea. The larvae of D. margarita develop inside fruiting bodies of Piptoporus and in decaying fallen wood blocks of Ulmus, Betula and Quercus. A key to larva and pupa of the two species is provided.

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Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita, Julio Mena-Portales, Josepa Gené, Jose Cano, and Josep Guaarro. "New Bactrodesmiastrum and Bactrodesmium from decaying wood in Spain." Mycologia 105, no. 1 (January 2013): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/12-004.

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FURUKAWA, IKUO. "Durability of chitosan-coated woods against wood-decaying fungi." Wood Preservation 16, no. 5 (1990): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5990/jwpa.16.245.

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Tramoy, Romain, Mathieu Sebilo, Thanh Thuy Nguyen Tu, and Johann Schnyder. "Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in decaying wood: paleoenvironmental implications." Environmental Chemistry 14, no. 1 (2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en16049.

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Environmental contextCarbon and nitrogen isotopes in terrestrial organic matter are widely used for reconstructing past environments, but organic matter is exposed to degradation as soon as it is deposited during what is called early diagenesis. This study explores the effects of this process on organic carbon and nitrogen isotopes, and concludes that it homogenises an environmental signal by integrating all their components. Thus, early diagenesis may not preclude paleoenvironmental reconstructions. AbstractThe effect of early diagenesis on carbon and, especially, nitrogen isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) of organic matter is not well understood and is of interest for accurate paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Wood samples were incubated in distilled water and river water to assess the effects of early diagenesis on carbon and nitrogen dynamics. Elemental content and isotopic composition of carbon and nitrogen as well as mass loss of wood pieces were determined. Mass loss in river water was three times greater than in distilled water. This difference was attributed to the development of two different types of fungi characterised by various degradation rates. Carbon dynamics of wood samples showed similar patterns in both type of water: (i) a sharp increase in carbon content, possibly related to carbohydrate degradation, before it slowly returned towards initial values, and (ii) no significant changes in δ13C values. In contrast, nitrogen dynamics of samples showed complex patterns: (i) N release associated with 15N depletion in distilled water, attributed to uptake of 15N-enriched pool (i.e. proteins) by fungi, and (ii) N accumulation associated with 15N enrichment in river water. The latter pattern was attributed predominantly to microbially mediated importation of 15N-enriched nitrate from river water. Although challenging, the present results suggest that early diagenesis may average an environmental signal by integrating individual signals (woods, fungi, water) and microbial processes. Considering the non-linear behaviour of early diagenesis, this integration is probably almost instantaneous on the geological time scale, which may not preclude paleoenvironmental reconstructions.

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Ono, Kazuko, Toshimitsu Hata, Tsuyoshi Yoshimura, and Kazuhiko Kinjo. "Wood decaying properties of the termite mushroom Termitomyces eurrhizus." Journal of Wood Science 63, no. 1 (September 29, 2016): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10086-016-1588-x.

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Harkrider, J. Robert. "Life history of Neoplasta parahebes (Diptera: Empididae: Hemerodromiinae)." Canadian Entomologist 143, no. 4 (August 2011): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n11-012.

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AbstractThe life history of Neoplasta parahebes MacDonald and Turner in a mountain stream in Southern California is reported. Female N. parahebes were separated from sympatric female Neoplasta hebes Melander by ovipositor morphology. Adults readily fed on adult midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) smaller than themselves. Ovarioles of gravid females contained an average of 74.8 eggs. Mating occurred in a unidirectional position. Females oviposited under the bark of submerged decaying wood. Eggs averaged 459 μm × 115 μm in size; most were laid within a 24 h period and, at room temperature, hatched in 10–11 days. There are three larval instars. Densities of larval N. parahebes were as high as 9.2 per 100 cm2 of wood surface in submerged dead tree branches. Branches also contained larvae of Orthocladius lignicola Kieffer, a wood-boring chironomid; larval N. parahebes readily fed on the midge larvae in their tunnels. Pupation occurred in the decaying wood.

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Miric, Milenko. "Decay of oak Wood provoked by fungus Stereum hirsutum (Willd. ex Fr.) S. F. Gray. and its' essential physiological requirements." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 91 (2005): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0591179m.

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White rot fungi usually decompose cell walls of attacked wood destroying tissue elements (i.e. parenchyma cells, wood fibres, tension wood, tracheas etc) in different amount, depending to wood-species as well as to its' zones. Different fungi secrete specific enzymes that are responsible for certain damages. As consequence, the wood structure use to be significantly and unfixable decomposed and changed. Microscopical analyses that have been run provided clear and indicative information relating to effects of fungal activity on wood tissue. Physiological requirements of fungi are for shore of the highest importance in understanding of mechanism of decaying process in the wood. The most important factors as like temperature and concentration of H ions, as well as main nutrients as sources of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus can affect the behaviour of wood decaying fungi. The impacts of these factors on the growth and production on mycelial mass of Stereum hirsutum (Willd. ex Fr.) S.F. Gray., have been investigated. This fungus is one of the most frequent appearing on the Sessile- and Pedunculate Oak weakened trees or felled logs, behaving as parasite as well as saprophyte. As a causer of Oak sapwood white rot S. hirsutum causes significant damages of wood at forest- as well as at industrial storages.

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Liu, Xin, Min Zhao, and Qiuyu Wang. "Biological characteristics of five wood-rotting fungi and wood-decaying ability to Betula platyphylla." Frontiers of Forestry in China 4, no. 4 (September 10, 2009): 508–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11461-009-0073-8.

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Hendrickson, O. Q. "Abundance and activity of N2-fixing bacteria in decaying wood." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 9 (September 1, 1991): 1299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-183.

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Populations of N2-fixing bacteria exceeded 106/g in moderately decayed trembling aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.) and white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) logs. Lower numbers were found in red maple (Acerrubrum L.) and conifer logs (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill., Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) at similar decay states. Populations were assayed using a combined-carbon medium in semisolid agar under aerobic conditions. Single carbon sources generally yielded lower and more variable numbers. With water and carbon supplements, aspen and birch wood showed high potential nitrogenase activity (>400 nmol C2H4•g−1•day−1) at 30 °C under aerobic conditions, and even greater activity (>1000 nmol C2H4•g−1•day−1) during a 3-day incubation under waterlogged conditions. In the absence of supplemental carbon, aspen wood remained active but birch wood did not. Wood from other species supported much lower nitrogenase activity under aerobic conditions, and waterlogging was strongly inhibitory. A highly decayed white pine (Pinusstrobus L.) log had low populations (<104/g) of N2-fixing bacteria and did not reduce C2H2 under any treatments. Results support the hypothesis that a relationship exists between (i) populations and activity of N2-fixing bacteria and (ii) the decay susceptibility of wood of different species.

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Sahu, Neha, Zsolt Merényi, Balázs Bálint, Brigitta Kiss, György Sipos, Rebecca A. Owens, and László G. Nagy. "Hallmarks of Basidiomycete Soft- and White-Rot in Wood-Decay -Omics Data of Two Armillaria Species." Microorganisms 9, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010149.

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Wood-decaying Basidiomycetes are among the most efficient degraders of plant cell walls, making them key players in forest ecosystems, global carbon cycle, and in bio-based industries. Recent insights from -omics data revealed a high functional diversity of wood-decay strategies, especially among the traditional white-rot and brown-rot dichotomy. We examined the mechanistic bases of wood-decay in the conifer-specialists Armillaria ostoyae and Armillaria cepistipes using transcriptomic and proteomic approaches. Armillaria spp. (Fungi, Basidiomycota) include devastating pathogens of temperate forests and saprotrophs that decay wood. They have been discussed as white-rot species, though their response to wood deviates from typical white-rotters. While we observed an upregulation of a diverse suite of plant cell wall degrading enzymes, unlike white-rotters, they possess and express an atypical wood-decay repertoire in which pectinases and expansins are enriched, whereas lignin-decaying enzymes (LDEs) are generally downregulated. This combination of wood decay genes resembles the soft-rot of Ascomycota and appears widespread among Basidiomycota that produce a superficial white rot-like decay. These observations are consistent with ancestral soft-rot decay machinery conserved across asco- and Basidiomycota, a gain of efficient lignin-degrading ability in white-rot fungi and repeated, complete, or partial losses of LDE encoding gene repertoires in brown- and secondarily soft-rot fungi.

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Sahu, Neha, Zsolt Merényi, Balázs Bálint, Brigitta Kiss, György Sipos, Rebecca A. Owens, and László G. Nagy. "Hallmarks of Basidiomycete Soft- and White-Rot in Wood-Decay -Omics Data of Two Armillaria Species." Microorganisms 9, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010149.

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Wood-decaying Basidiomycetes are among the most efficient degraders of plant cell walls, making them key players in forest ecosystems, global carbon cycle, and in bio-based industries. Recent insights from -omics data revealed a high functional diversity of wood-decay strategies, especially among the traditional white-rot and brown-rot dichotomy. We examined the mechanistic bases of wood-decay in the conifer-specialists Armillaria ostoyae and Armillaria cepistipes using transcriptomic and proteomic approaches. Armillaria spp. (Fungi, Basidiomycota) include devastating pathogens of temperate forests and saprotrophs that decay wood. They have been discussed as white-rot species, though their response to wood deviates from typical white-rotters. While we observed an upregulation of a diverse suite of plant cell wall degrading enzymes, unlike white-rotters, they possess and express an atypical wood-decay repertoire in which pectinases and expansins are enriched, whereas lignin-decaying enzymes (LDEs) are generally downregulated. This combination of wood decay genes resembles the soft-rot of Ascomycota and appears widespread among Basidiomycota that produce a superficial white rot-like decay. These observations are consistent with ancestral soft-rot decay machinery conserved across asco- and Basidiomycota, a gain of efficient lignin-degrading ability in white-rot fungi and repeated, complete, or partial losses of LDE encoding gene repertoires in brown- and secondarily soft-rot fungi.

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Muñoz-López, N. Z., A. R. Andrés-Hernández, H. Carrillo-Ruiz, and S. P. Rivas-Arancibia. "Coleoptera Associated with Decaying Wood in a Tropical Deciduous Forest." Neotropical Entomology 45, no. 4 (February 24, 2016): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13744-016-0367-0.

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Edman, Mattias, Mårten Gustafsson, Jan Stenlid, Bengt Gunnar Jonsson, and Lars Ericson. "Spore deposition of wood-decaying fungi: importance of landscape composition." Ecography 27, no. 1 (February 2004): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-7590.2004.03671.x.

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Li, Luen-Luen, Safiyh Taghavi, Sean M. McCorkle, Yian-Biao Zhang, Michael G. Blewitt, Roman Brunecky, William S. Adney, et al. "Bioprospecting metagenomics of decaying wood: mining for new glycoside hydrolases." Biotechnology for Biofuels 4, no. 1 (2011): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-4-23.

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Sack, Ute, and Wolfgang Fritsche. "Enhancement of pyrene mineralization in soil by wood-decaying fungi." FEMS Microbiology Ecology 22, no. 1 (January 17, 2006): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1997.tb00358.x.

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Morel, Mélanie, Edgar Meux, Yann Mathieu, Anne Thuillier, Kamel Chibani, Luc Harvengt, Jean-Pierre Jacquot, and Eric Gelhaye. "Xenomic networks variability and adaptation traits in wood decaying fungi." Microbial Biotechnology 6, no. 3 (January 2, 2013): 248–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12015.

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Hervé, Vincent, Frédéric Mothe, Charline Freyburger, Eric Gelhaye, and Pascale Frey-Klett. "Density mapping of decaying wood using X-ray computed tomography." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 86 (January 2014): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.10.009.

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Goud, J. Vinay Sagar, N. S. V. S. S. S. L. Hima Bindu, B. Samatha, M. Ram Prasad, and M. A. Singara Charya. "Lignolytic enzyme activities of wood decaying fungi from Andhra Pradesh." Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science 8, no. 1 (June 2011): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13196-011-0019-2.

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Singh, Adya P. "The ultrastructure of the attack of Pinus radiata mild compression wood by erosion and tunnelling bacteria." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 7 (July 1, 1997): 1095–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-120.

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An inspection of 12-year-old, copper–chrome–arsenate (CCA) treated Pinus radiata wood from an industrial cooling tower showed extensive surface decay of wood. Electron microscopic examination of decaying mild compression wood indicated that compression wood cells were attacked exclusively by bacteria, which were of erosion and tunnelling types. The highly lignified outer S2 wall and the middle lamellae in the compression wood tracheids were resistant to erosion bacteria, and were only occasionally attacked by tunnelling bacteria. These observations are discussed in relation to the information available on the structure and chemical composition of compression wood. Key words: compression wood, bacterial attacks, CCA-treated wood, Pinus radiata wood, erosion bacteria, tunnelling bacteria.

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Alshammari, Nawaf I., Vajid N. Veettil, Abdel Moneim E. Sulieman, and S. L. Stephenson. "Impact of Field and Laboratory Environmental Conditions on the Diversity of Wood-Decay Fungi in the Forests of Northwest Arkansas." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 14, no. 3 (August 29, 2020): 1801–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.14.3.18.

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Environmental factors such as temperature and humidity directly affect the growth and fruit bodies of fungi. We studied the diversity of wood decaying fungal species, which have grown on same substrate in forest as well as laboratory environment. Ten specimens of fruit body of wood-decaying fungi and 24 random pieces of coarse wooden debris were collected from the forest of northwest Arkansas. The samples of coarse woody debris were incubated in laboratory-growth chambers for two months to promote the fungal growth. Fourty-two different species of wood-decay fungal isolates were recovered and identified by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing. The isolates from the forest belonged to twenty-two different taxa whereas twenty taxonomic groups were reported from the growth compartments. Remarkably, data observed from two sets did not shared any taxon. These results indicated that environmental growth conditions play crucial role on fungal diversity even if grown on same substrates.

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Zhuang, Liangpeng, Weihua Guo, Makoto Yoshida, Xueyang Feng, and Barry Goodell. "Investigating oxalate biosynthesis in the wood-decaying fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum using 13C metabolic flux analysis." RSC Advances 5, no. 126 (2015): 104043–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra19203j.

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Edman, Mattias, and Marten Gustafsson. "Wood-Disk Traps Provide a Robust Method for Studying Spore Dispersal of Wood-Decaying Basidiomycetes." Mycologia 95, no. 3 (May 2003): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3761898.

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Pries, Malte, and Carsten Mai. "Treatment of wood with silica sols against attack by wood-decaying fungi and blue stain." Holzforschung 67, no. 6 (August 1, 2013): 697–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2012-0133.

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Abstract Pine sapwood was treated with various types of silica sols. Whereas alkaline sols were not able to penetrate deeper into wood, neutral and acidic sols showed good penetration. The weight percent gain of treated specimens amounted to 20–25%; bulking was negligible or even slightly negative. All silica sols in the treated specimens were stable against water leaching. A water submersion test revealed hydrophobation of the wood only after treatment with a cationic silica sol; all other silica sols increased the rate of water uptake. The addition of 2% cationic sol to a malt-agar growth medium caused growth inhibition of 40–50% of the wood decay fungi Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor, whereas the other silica sols did not inhibit growth. Pine sapwood and beech wood blocks treated with the cationic sol showed a strong reduction in mass loss compared to the control samples after incubation with C. puteana (pine) and T. versicolor (beech) according to EN 113 and CEN/TS 15083-1; all other silica sols did not inhibit fungal decay. The cationic silica sol reduced blue staining by Aureobasidium pullulans compared to the untreated control but did not fully prevent it; all other silica sols did not inhibit blue staining.

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Edman, Mattias, and Mårten Gustafsson. "Wood-disk traps provide a robust method for studying spore dispersal of wood-decaying basidiomycetes." Mycologia 95, no. 3 (May 2003): 553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2004.11833101.

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Dupuis, Éloïse, Evelyne Thiffault, Julie Barrette, Kokou Adjallé, and Christine Martineau. "Bioenergy Conversion Potential of Decaying Hardwoods." Energies 14, no. 1 (December 26, 2020): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010093.

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Unharvested hardwoods are abundant in eastern Canada, due to the low quality of their fiber and the absence of outlets in conventional wood transformation industries. The objective of this study was to assess the biochemical and thermochemical energy conversion potential of decaying hardwoods and compare their relationships with external and internal indicators of tree degradation. We characterized how wood-decay processes altered the physical and chemical properties of these woods and affected their digestibility yield and their performance according to indexes of stability and efficiency of combustion. DNA analysis on wood samples was also performed to determine the relative abundance of white-rot fungi compared to that of other saprotrophs. All properties stayed within the range of variations allowing the wood to remain suitable for conversion into bioenergy, even with increased decay. We found no significant differences in the physical and chemical properties that are crucial for energy production between wood from externally-assessed live and decayed trees. However, the proportion of wood area affected by rot was significantly associated with increased digestibility yield, and with decreased combustion reactivity. We could not detect any specific effect associated with increased relative abundance of white-rot fungi. These results suggest that the utilization of biomass from decayed hardwoods instead of live trees for bioenergy production should not alter the conversion efficiency and even potentially increase the performance of biochemical pathways, and hence, support their use as feedstock for bioenergy production.

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Wiklund, Karin. "Phosphorus concentration and pH in decaying wood affect establishment of the red-listed moss Buxbaumia viridis." Canadian Journal of Botany 81, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b03-048.

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Many red-listed species grow on decaying wood in the boreal forest, and their persistence depends on dispersal to new patches. To investigate whether substrate quality could affect establishment and distribution of the red-listed moss Buxbaumia viridis (DC) Moug. & Nestl., cultivation experiments as well as a field investigation of wood quality were performed. Spore germination was negatively affected by low pH and phosphorus (P) concentration in cultivation media, while nitrogen (N) concentration did not significantly affect germination. Results from the experiments were supported by the field investigation, where the probability of sporophyte occurrence increased with increasing pH. In addition, the interaction between substrate type (wood or humus) and P was significant. Occurrence of sporophytes was not significantly affected by N concentration in the wood. The results from the cultivation experiments and the field study imply that the safe site for germination and establishment of Buxbaumia viridis is either a substrate with continuously high moisture or a substrate with lower moisture but with increased pH and (or) P content, attained, e.g., by throughfall and litterfall from deciduous trees, and that non-optimal pH, P, and moisture conditions could restrict establishment and distribution of the species.Key words: bryophyte, decaying wood, germination, protonema, safe site, substrate quality.

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Binbuga, Nursen, Kristen Chambers, William P. Henry, and Tor P. Schultz. "Metal chelation studies relevant to wood preservation.1. Complexation of propyl gallate with Fe2+." Holzforschung 59, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2005.032.

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Abstract We previously found that a combination of various organic biocides with low-cost non-biocidal antioxidants gave enhanced (synergistic) efficacy against wood-decaying fungi. The best laboratory results were obtained with propyl gallate, perhaps due to its dual antioxidant/metalchelating properties. In this study we report on potentiometric titration experiments for the complexation of Fe2+ with propyl gallate. The results suggest four coordination compounds are present in the pH range from 3 to 12. These are [(H2PG)Fe]+, (HPG)Fe, [(PG)Fe]−, and [(HPG)2Fe]2− {PG=O3C6H2CO2CH2CH2CH33−}. Equilibrium constants for the formation of all complexes are given. A plot of species present versus pH clearly indicates that propyl gallate strongly complexes with Fe2+ at the mildly acidic pH levels normally present in wood, with some complexing still possible in relatively acidic environments present in decaying wood. Propyl gallate complexes more strongly than catechol at the pH values of normal wood. Propyl gallate may also interfere with the proposed fungal redox cycles. Metal complexation may thus be an important part in the overall mechanism by which propyl gallate and organic biocides synergistically protect wood. Furthermore, the metal chelating properties of heartwood extractives, such as the hydrolysable tannins from which propyl gallate is made, may be an important factor in natural durability.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Wood-decaying'

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