Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wood chipping

Academic literature on the topic 'Wood chipping'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Wood chipping"

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D. B. Churchill, S. L. Hedden, J. D. Whitney, and L. N. Shaw. "Chipping Citrus Wood for Gasification." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 2, no. 2 (1986): 238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.26748.

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Uhmeier, Andreas, and Kent Persson. "Numerical Analysis of Wood Chipping." Holzforschung 51, no. 1 (January 1997): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hfsg.1997.51.1.83.

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Coatanlem, Pascale, Raoul Jauberthie, and Frank Rendell. "Lightweight wood chipping concrete durability." Construction and Building Materials 20, no. 9 (November 2006): 776–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.01.057.

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Kováč, J., J. Krilek, and M. Mikleš. "Energy consumption of chipper coupled to a universal wheel skidder in the process of chipping wood." Journal of Forest Science 57, No. 1 (January 25, 2011): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/27/2010-jfs.

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The chipper for chips is an energy consuming machine. Many factors influence the result of chipping which influence the whole process. The paper deals with the process of wood chipping by a chipper in order to determine its energy consumption. The main purpose was the determination of input power and comparison of revolution frequency on the outlet shaft of a skidder regarding the dimension of the torque depending on variable parameters which characterize the process of wood chipping during the measurement and the analysis of energy consumption of a chipping machine was carried out.
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Conlin, Timothy S. S. "In-woods chipping: Possible evidence for allelochemical interaction of leachate generated from trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) bark and wood waste." Forestry Chronicle 77, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc77345-2.

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A portable delimber-debarker-chipper, designed for in-woods chipping operations, was used to produce waste bark and wood residue from winter-harvested tree-length trembling aspen logs. The residue was then utilized to create leachate, which was subsequently used to treat white spruce, lodgepole pine, paper birch, aspen and Calamagrostis canadensis seedlings grown in sand-filled pots. Treatment with the leachate significantly decreased height growth and shoot and root dry weights of all species relative to the control treatment. Root: shoot ratios of all tree species except lodgepole pine were increased significantly by application of leachate. The root: shoot ratios of treated C. canadensis were significantly increased during one season, but significantly reduced in the following season. The data indicated that leachate from aspen bark and wood residue contain allelochemical properties that could affect the regenerative capacity of aspen cutblocks harvested for in-woods chipping operations. Key words: aspen, leachate, allelochemistry, Populus tremuloides, in-woods chipping
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Pichler, Philip, Martin Leitner, Florian Grün, and Christoph Guster. "Experimental determination of highly dynamic forces during wood trunk comminution with a drum chipper." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 49, no. 2 (January 11, 2018): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2018.786.

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Using large wood chips for heating systems in industrial applications is becoming popular. As a result, the requirements of the machinery that produces these large wood chips have increased, especially on the chipping tools and on the surrounding supportive components. This paper evaluates the acting main forces on a chipping drum that produces large wood chips via field and laboratory-based experimental measurements. In this study, a variety of strain gauges are applied to selected areas of the rotating chipping drum to measure localised strain conditions during wood-stem cutting. Four different wood species were investigated for comparison. Furthermore, the influence of sharp and dull knives is analysed. With the aid of experimental measurements and analysis on a laboratory scale, linear models are developed to determine the chipping force, which is cutting depth-dependent, for a variety of wood species. Testing parameters for such models are proposed via load spectra. The variability of the acting force value is evident. The maximum load on the drum affects at 10% of the time of a single cut. The largest applied forces are between 1.6 and 1.8 higher than the calculated average force. The commuting hornbeam sample exhibits the highest resistance against chipping compared to the three-other species. Additionally, a change in the load is easily recognised in the field test when utilising dull chipping blades. A reconstruction of the alternate load direction is based on laboratory testing.
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Grigorev, Igor, Anatoly Shadrin, Anna Voronova, Nikolay Kostyukevich, Dmitry Levushkin, Vyacheslav Borisov, and Roman Diev. "IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF WOOD CHIPPING OPERATIONS." INMATEH Vol.61 61, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35633/inmateh-61-24.

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The paper presents a novel approach to the problem of utilizing wood chips as a valuable raw material. It shows how advances in machine vision can enable the conversion of wood chips from waste to a valuable resource. Empirical dependencies that are used to calculate the slip velocity of wood chips on the walls of the tank have been obtained. The problems of particle–fluid and particle–particle interactions within the flow are solved. Findings may be applied not only in countries with traditionally developed wood industries but also in many others.
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Cadei, Alberto, Luca Marchi, Omar Mologni, Raffaele Cavalli, and Stefano Grigolato. "Evaluation of Wood Chipping Efficiency through Long-Term Monitoring." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 3, no. 1 (November 13, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecf2020-08078.

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A high volume of wood forest biomass is be available at the roadside when whole three (WT) harvesting systems are applied. Besides, salvage logging operations are favourable conditions to accumulate a large amount of low-quality biomass due to the recovery of damaged trees. In mountain regions, such as the Alps, the forest’s accessibility can be a significant constraint for the eco-efficiency of chipping operations. The present study aims at evaluating the efficiency of wood-chipping operations in mountain areas based on long-term monitoring. One chipper-truck was monitored over 1200 working hours using telemetry. Different efficiency parameters were collected: machine position, collected using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver, and engine parameters, collected using the CAN Bus system based on J 1939. Efficiency parameters were used to compare different in-wood or landing configurations. The results show the influence of the different location of the chipping sites according to the road network. Chipping operations in space-constrained sites cause an increase in delay time and CO2 emissions.
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Zarins, Marcis, Toms Torims, Maris Bumanis, and Andris Chamans. "Diagnostics of Drum Type Wood Chipping Machines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.775.

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This paper investigates diagnostic methods and proposes modern service technologies for wood-processing equipment. The aim of this study is to ensure systematic, research-based wood-processing services and continuous, no-failure operation of facilities. We describe the working principle of a particular industrial, drum-type wood chipper and discuss the problems that occurred during operation, including potential excess engine load or construction imperfections. First experiments show that knife wear progresses even faster than previously expected. Cutting regime calculations are provided, along with a description of actual improvements and a comparison of cutting regimes before and after improvements. The intended result of this research is a monitoring unit with help of a few modifications, can be used on any drum-type wood processing equipment.
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Manzone, Marco, and Raffaele Spinelli. "Wood chipping performance of a modified forager." Biomass and Bioenergy 55 (August 2013): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.01.006.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wood chipping"

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Hellström, Lisbeth. "Fracture processes in wood chipping." Licentiate thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Natural Sciences, Engineering and Mathematics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-7827.

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In both the chemical and mechanical pulping process, the logs are cut into wood chips by a disc chipper before fibre separation. To make the wood chipping process more efficient, one have to investigate in detail the coupling between theprocess parameters and the quality of the chips. The objective of this thesis is to obtain an understanding of the fundamental mechanisms behind the creation of wood chips. Both experimental and analytical/numerical approaches have been taken inthis work. The experimental investigations were performed with an in‐house developed equipment and a digital speckle photography equipment. The results from the experimental investigation showed that the friction between the log and chipping tool is probably one crucal factor for the chip formation. Further more it was found that the indentation process is approximately self‐similar, and that the stress field over the entire crack‐plane is critical for chip creation. The developed analytical model predicts the normal and shear strain distribution. The analytical distributions are in reasonable agreement with the corresponding distributions obtained from a finite element analysis.

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com, ronaldchapman1@bigpond, and Ron Chapman. "Fighting for the Forests: A History of The Western Australian Forest Protest Movement 1895-2001." Murdoch University, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20090121.162055.

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As the first comprehensive study of Western Australian forest protest the thesis analyses the protest movement's organisation, campaigns and strategies. Its central argument is that the contemporary Western Australian forest protest movement established a network of urban and south-west activist groups which encouraged broad public support, and that a diversity of protest strategies focused public attention on forest issues and pressured the state government to change its forest policies. The forest protest movement was characterised by its ability to continually adapt its organisation and strategies to changing social and political conditions. This flexible approach to protest not only led to victories in the Shannon River Basin, Lane-Poole Reserve and old growth forest campaigns, but also transformed forest protest into an influential social movement which contributed to the downfall of the Court Liberal Government in 2001.
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Niedzwiecki, Lukasz. "Energy requirements for comminution of fibrous materials - qualitative chipping model." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12298.

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This paper aims to derive qualitative model for energy requirements for wood chipping process. There is relationship shown between energy requirements and properties of biomass, which is quite variable material. Relationship between comminution machinery and energy necessary for the process is highlighted. Derivation of the model is focused on chipping but in general it’s possible, to make it available both for different types of biomass (f. ex. agricultural residues) or for different type of comminution machinery (f. ex. hammermills) just by using different material properties adjusted to machinery mechanics. Properties used in derivation are mend to be easy to measure. Model is mend to be used as a base for quantitative model that, thanks to measurements performed on real comminution machinery and using wood with known properties, could give answers for two important questions: Would hypothetical changes in desired size of output material increase total system efficiency, taking into consideration lowest efficiency of combustion process (i. ex. higher amounts of unburned fuel)? How to optimise comminution as an operation in biofuel supply chain, with respect to energy used for the process?
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Hellström, Lisbeth. "On the wood chipping process : a study on basic mechanisms in order to optimize chip properties for pulping." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, teknik och matematik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-11911.

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In both the chemical and mechanical pulping process, the logs are cut into wood chips by a disc chipper before fibre separation. To make the wood chipping process more efficient, one have to investigate in detail the coupling between process parameters and the quality of the chips. One objective of this thesis was to obtain an understanding of the fundamental mechanisms behind the creation of wood chips. Another objective with the thesis was to investigate whether it was possible to, in a way tailor the chipping process so as to reduce the energy consumption in a following mechanical refining process. Both experimental and analytical/numerical approaches have been taken in this work. The first part of the experimental investigations, were performed with an in-house developed chipping device and a digital speckle photography equipment. The results from the experimental investigation showed that the friction between the log and chipping tool is probably one crucial factor for the chip formation. Further more it was found that the indentation process is approximately self-similar, and that the stress field over the entire crack-plane is critical for chip creation. The developed analytical model predicts the normal and shear strain distribution and to be more specific, the model can predict the compressive stresses parallel to the fibre direction for an assumed linear elastic and orthotropic material. The analytical distributions were found to be in reasonable agreement with the corresponding distributions obtained from a finite element analysis. To be able to study the chipping process under realistic conditions, which for example means to use chipping rates representative for a real wood chipper, a laboratory chipper was developed. Details regarding the chipper and how to evaluate the force measurements are given together with an example of how the force on the cutting tool (the knife) varies with time during cutting. To investigate the influence of a certain chipping process parameter, the chips were after production in the laboratory chipper, refined in a pilot refiner during conditions optimized for TMP (thermomechanical pulp) and CTMP (chemithermomechanical pulp) processes. It was concluded that the details concerning the chip process had a large impact on e.g. the energy consumption in both first stage and second stage refining. Results showing this are given in this thesis.
För både kemisk och mekanisk pappersmassa så tillverkas flis av trädstockar med hjälp av en skivhugg innan fibrerna separeras. För att göra flisningsprocessen mer effektiv, måste kopplingen mellan processparametrar och fliskvalitet studeras. Ett mål med denna avhandling är att ge fundamental kunskap om mekanismerna bakom bildandet av träflis. Både experimentella och analytiska/numeriska metoder har använts i detta arbete. De experimentella undersökningarna har gjorts med hjälp av egen utvecklad utrustning. Resultaten från den experimentella undersökningen visar att friktionen mellan stammen och flisningsverktyget har betydelse vid flisning. Vidare observerades det att inträngnings processen är approximativt självlik (self similar) och att det är spänningsfältet över hela sprickplanet som är kritiskt för bildandet av en flis. Den utvecklade analytiska modellen förutsäger normal- och skjuvspänningsfördelningen över sprickplanet och kan mer specifikt förutsäga den kompressiva belastning som verkar parallellt fiberriktningen i ett linjärt elastiskt och ortotropt material (trä). De analytiskt bestämda fördelningarna stämmer relativt väl överens med motsvarande fördelningar beräknad med finit element analys. För att kunna studera flisningsprocessen under realistiska förhållanden, vilket bl.a. betyder att skärhastigheter som är representativa för en verklig process skall användas, så utvecklades inom ramen för avhandlingsarbetet, en laboratoriesflishugg. Detaljer rörande flishuggen samt hur uppmätta lastsignaler skall utvärderas ges tillsammans med ett exmpel på hur kraften på skärverktyget (kniven) varierar under ett skärförlopp. Inverkan av en viss flisningsprocessparameter undersöktes genom att flis tillverkades i laboratorieflishuggen varefter de raffinerades i en pilotraffinör under förhållanden som var optimerade för TMP (termomekanisk massa) och CTMP (kemitermomekanisk massa) processerna. Det konstaterades att detaljer i flisningsprocessen hade stor inverkan på t.ex. energiåtgången i både första stegs – och andrastegsraffinering. Resultat som verifierar detta ges i avhandlingen.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Submitted. Paper 4: Submitted. Paper 5: Submitted.

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Abdallah, Rami. "Détermination des facteurs influençant la coupe et la qualité des plaquettes issues du déchiquetage du bois par des machines forestières." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10096/document.

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Le broyage de bois de qualité secondaire est un processus en pleine expansion avec l'augmentation de l'utilisation de la biomasse pour la production d'énergie. La transformation du bois en plaquettes facilite l'automatisation des chaudières. Peu de recherches ont traité le mécanisme de la formation des plaquettes et des efforts de coupe durant cette opération. Lors de ce travail de thèse, nous nous sommes focalisés sur le système de déchiquetage à disque. Un banc d'essais de taille réelle a été construit afin de permettre la variation de plusieurs paramètres, tels que la vitesse de coupe, la vitesse d?amenage, les angles de coupe, la direction d'amenage, la hauteur du contre-couteau, le mode de coupe, le nombre des couteaux et leur saillie.Les expérimentations ont montré que la taille des plaquettes augmente avec l'augmentation de l'avance par dent, l'angle de coupe réel et l'angle de taillant, et diminue avec l'augmentation de la vitesse de coupe. Le processus de la formation des plaquettes est composé de deux mécanismes, qui sont le cisaillement et la propagation de fissures. La mesure des efforts de coupe et de la puissance électrique consommée pour une bande passante pouvant atteindre 3 kHz complète ces données granulométriques. Grâce au banc d'essais de déchiquetage, nous avons pu montrer la corrélation ou l'indépendance de facteurs influents intervenant dans l'optimisation des conditions de coupe
Chipping wood of second quality is a rapidly growing process because of the increasing use of the biomass in energy production field. The utilization of wood chips as a combustible, make it easier to automate the wood boilers function. Few studies were carried out in order to understand the mechanism of the chip formation and the evolution of cutting force during the chipping operation. In this thesis, we focused our analysis on the disc chipper. A test bench of real dimensions was built up in order to be able to vary many parameters such as cutting and feeding speed, cutting angles, feeding direction, anvil height, cutting directions, knives number and their height.Experimental study showed that chip size grows when the feeding tooth, the cutting angle and the sharpness angle increase, whereas it decreases when the cutting speed increases. The process of the chip formation is composed of two mechanisms that are shear and cracks propagation. Measurement of cutting force and electric power consumption for a bandwidth up to 3 kHz bring important results to the chip size study. The chipping test bench allowed us to reveal the correlation or the independency between the parameters needed to optimize the chipping operation
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McEwan, Andrew Mark. "The effect of tree and bundle size on the productivity and costs of cut-to-length and multi-stem harvesting systems in Eucalyptus pulpwood." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31119.

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There is currently a global increase in Eucalyptus pulpwood plantations. Harvesting systems traditionally utilised in the northern hemisphere are being used in Eucalyptus pulpwood plantations worldwide. However, the small tree size and complexity of debarking Eucalyptus have provided harvesting with productivity and cost challenges not previously experienced in northern-hemisphere conditions. Much research has been invested in these two harvesting methods in northern-hemisphere species and conditions. There is little research available on mechanised processing-machine productivity and costs in Eucalyptus. This investigation aimed to quantify the effect that tree and bundle size has on the productivity of different processing machines in Eucalyptus plantation pulpwood. This was done through regression analysis, whereby productivity models that included tree size and bundle size were constructed. The research also aimed to determine whether or not the multi-stem systems were more cost-effective in smaller tree sizes. The research investigated five mechanised harvesting options that forestry managers could use in Eucalyptus pulpwood plantations. These systems consisted of one CTL system, one full-tree system with single-stem processing and three full-tree systems with multi-stem processing. The CTL system used a harvester to process the trees into logs and to extract them. The full-tree system with single-stem processing used a dangle-head processor (DHP) to process trees into logs. The first full-tree system with multi-stem processing used a chain-flail debrancher debarker (CFDD) to produce debarked and debranched tree lengths, which were slashed into logs. The remaining full-tree, multi-stem systems both produced chips. The first used a chain-flail debrancher debarker chipper (CFDDC) and the second, a CFDD feeding into a stand-alone disc chipper (CFDD&C). The productivity data, measured as m3 per productive machine hour (PMH), was then statistically analysed using regression techniques. Productivity equations were formulated, considering tree size and bundle size, as well as the quadratic functions of these two variables and the interaction between them. Bundle size was only applicable to the multi-stem processing machines. The productivity equations successfully predicted processing-machine productivity, using tree size and bundle size as input variables. Apart from the 0.075 m3 tree size class, the CFDD had the highest overall productivity. The costs of the five systems were then calculated for different tree sizes. No single system was more cost-effective than the others across all tree sizes. In 0.075 m3 trees, the CFDDC system proved the most cost-effective. All systems evidenced high costs in the 0.075 m3 trees, ranging between $19.43 per m3 for the CFDDC system to $28.84 for the harvester system. In 0.40 m3 trees, the cost differences between systems were lower, ranging from $6.91 per m3 for the DHP system to $11.84 per m3 for the CFDD&C. This study confirms that the CTL system was very expensive to operate in the small tree sizes (0.075 m3). There is a cross-over point at 0.25 m3 per tree, where the CTL system costs become lower than those of the full-tree system. At the 0.40 m3 tree size, the full-tree system is slightly more expensive than the CTL system. Copyright
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Plant Production and Soil Science
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Books on the topic "Wood chipping"

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Irish, Lora S. Chipping Away presents chip carving classics "one". Kitchener, Ont: Chipping Away, 1999.

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Blanton, Rita. Chipping Away presents 110 patterns for chip carvers. Kitchener, Ont: Chipping Away, 2001.

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Dennington, Roger W. Forest management and the chipping headrig. Atlanta, Ga: USDA Forest Service, 1986.

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Folkema, Michael P. Handbook for small-to-medium size fuelwood chipping operations. Pointe Claire, Québec: Forest Engineering Research Institute of Canada, 1989.

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Andrisani, John. The short game magic of Tiger Woods: An analysis of Tiger Woods' pitching, chipping, sand play, and putting techniques. New York: Crown Publishers, 1998.

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Evaluation of in-woods chipping options for beetle-killed lodgepole pine wood. Victoria, B.C: Pacific Forestry Centre, 2006.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Woodworking Sawmill Equipment for Chipping and Splitting Wood. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Woodworking Sawmill Equipment for Chipping and Splitting Wood. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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United States. Army. Corps of Engineers., ed. Environmental assessment: Barge loading facilities in conjunction with wood chipping and sawlog mill : Tennessee River mile 145.9R. [Knoxville, Tenn.?: Tennessee Valley Authority, 1990.

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United States. Army. Corps of Engineers., ed. Environmental assessment: Barge loading facilities in conjunction with wood chipping and sawlog mill : Tennessee River mile 145.9R. [Knoxville, Tenn.?: Tennessee Valley Authority, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wood chipping"

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Sonde, V. M., P. P. Shirpurkar, M. S. Giripunje, and P. P. Ashtankar. "Experimental and Dimensional Analysis Approach for Human Energy Required in Wood Chipping Process." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 683–91. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3383-9_61.

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Sonde, V. M., P. N. Warnekar, P. P. Ashtankar, and V. S. Ghutke. "An Approach to Form Manual Power Generalized Experimental Model for Wood Chipping Process." In Advances in Lightweight Materials and Structures, 461–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7827-4_46.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wood chipping"

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Song, Xiaoxu, Meng Zhang, Z. J. Pei, T. Deines, Q. Zhang, P. F. Zhang, and D. H. Wang. "Size Reduction of Poplar Wood Using a Lathe for Biofuel Manufacturing: A Preliminary Experiment." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63748.

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Poplar wood can be used as feedstocks for manufacturing of cellulosic biofuels (e.g., ethanol) as liquid transportation fuels. Producing ethanol from poplar wood involves reducing poplar wood into small particles, hydrolyzing cellulose inside poplar particles to fermentable sugars, and converting these sugars to ethanol. Size reduction is usually done by wood chipping and biomass milling. In the literature on poplar biofuels, there are no reports on particle formation mechanisms or effects of size reduction on sugar yield. One important reason for the lack of such knowledge is that particle formation in current size reduction methods is not well controlled. This paper presents the first attempt to use a lathe to generate poplar particles (or chips) with well controlled mechanisms of chip formation. The objective is to experimentally determine relations among chip thickness, uncut chip cross-section area, shear angle (representing the deformation severity of the chips), crystallinity index, and sugar yield.
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Heist, Ashley M., Richard M. Ziernicki, and Ben T. Railsback. "Analysis of the Hazards of Wood Chipper Accidents." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62786.

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It is well known in the tree care industry that operators can become caught or snagged by material entering a wood chipper. The consequences can be devastating. On commercial wood chippers with mechanical infeed systems, a caught operator can be pulled into the machine by the infeed system. Due to the speed of the infeed system, once an operator has been caught there is a limited window of time before serious injury or death can occur. Commercial wood chippers commonly pull in branches at speeds of 20 inches per second (50.8 centimeters per second) or faster. Therefore, caught operators may have no more than a few seconds to either free themselves from the branches or activate a device to stop the feeding mechanism. As an operator is being pulled into the chipper toward the chipping mechanism, various factors can limit the caught operator’s ability to access or activate a feed-stop device. Consequently, operators are sometimes unable to save themselves from catastrophic injury or death. This paper analyzes the hazards associated with wood chipper accidents and assesses the effectiveness of various safety devices intended to protect operators from this danger. The investigation includes a historical review of wood chipper safety devices and ultimately reveals the importance and effectiveness of feed-stop devices that can be passively activated by an operator who has become caught. The paper addresses commercial wood chippers with mechanical infeed systems.
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Leshchinskaya, Alexandra. "A. Leshchinskaya. MICROWAVE WOOD CHIP TREATMENT USE IN CHEMICAL PULP MANUFACTURING (TECHNICAL-ECONOMIC ASSESMENT)." In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9706.

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MICROWAVE WOOD CHIP TREATMENT USE IN CHEMICAL PULP MANUFACTURING (TECHNICAL-ECONOMIC ASSESMENT) A. Leshchinskaya Plekhanov Russian University of Economics. 36 Stremyannyy Pereulok, 115093 Moscow, Russia, e-mail: alixfl@mail.ru] Keywords: chemical pulping, microwave wood modification, pulp, softwood, wood chips. Large volumes of cellulose are produced from wood chips by chemical methods. Low permeability of many wood species causes problems in the chemical pulp industry. These include: very long cooking times, high chemical consumption, large material losses, high energy consumption, and environmental pollution. New microwave (MW) wood modification technology can provide an increase in wood permeability for liquids and gases, which solves many of these problems. The technology works by applying intensive MW power to green wood, which generates steam pressure within wood cells. High internal pressure destroys weak elements of wood structure, opens pores and forms micro and macro cracks. A several thousand-fold increase in wood permeability can be achieved in species previously found to be impermeable to liquids and gases. It allows a significant increase in the speed of pulp cooking and improves a production processes. The study of the technology showed radical potential improvements in the pulp industry through: increase in mill throughput significant reduction of chemical consumptionreduction of energy consumption • increase in pulp quality and yield improvement of environmental performance. Pulp manufacturing process includs timber chipping, microwave chip treatment, steaming, cooking, washing, and pulp making. The use of MW wood chip treatment in pulp mills with outputs of 50,000 to 500,000 air dry tons (ADT) per year requires MW equipment with power from 1000 to 10,000 kW. Economic modelling of this technology used in different pulp mill conditions allowed assessment of the effect of capital costs, electricity costs, labour costs and other cost components to specific total costs of MW chip processing. Economic assessment of MW technology application showed that specific costs of softwood chip processing at electricity costs of 0.08 - 0.12 US$/kWh are 25.4 -33.7 US$/ADT of pulp. Electricity costs form the most significant part of the total specific costs of MW processing and form 51-69% shear in the total specific costs. Under the same conditions capital costs form 15-20% shear, and labour costs form 5-18% shear of the total specific costs. The electricity cost increase from $0.04 to $0.24/kWh provides specific MW processing cost rise by 2.7 to 3.1 times at pulp mill output range 50,000 to 500,000 ADT/year. New technology use allows benefits up to 7 – 22 Mil US$ per year for pulp mills with output of more than 200,000 ADT/year. The technology can be used by pulp mills with batch and continuous digesting and is not limited by mill throughput. Ecological impacts and high economic advantages of this MW technology application in pulp and paper industry provide good opportunity for commercialisation.
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Hyman, Barry, Sanjeev Khanna, Yuyi Lin, and Jim Borgford-Parnell. "A Case Study of Using Capstone Design as Basis for Curriculum-Wide Project-Based Learning." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62697.

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This paper describes an NSF funded project in the Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (MAE) Department at the University of Missouri. A primary goal of this project is to systematically increase project-based learning (PBL) experiences throughout the MAE curriculum. To accomplish this goal, recent capstone design projects that need further refinements serve as the basis for PBL activities throughout the MAE curriculum. A major tool for facilitating these refinement efforts is a new senior/graduate Design Management course in which each student in this course learns how to plan and manage design projects. These students then implement their learning by serving as project team managers in the courses in which the refinement activities are being conducted. This paper provides a detailed case study of five refinements to one capstone design that took place in four different MAE courses during the Spring 2011 semester. The paper describes a Fall 2009 capstone project that consisted of designing a portable wood chipper. The student design was very promising, leading to a chipper with significantly greater chipping capacity than commercially available chippers of the same size and weight. However, several faculty members reviewed the results and identified additional opportunities for refining the design. This paper describes activities during Spring 2011 when students in four different MAE courses developed refinements to the original design. The roles of the Design Management students in these activities are discussed. The paper also includes a discussion of the methods and findings of the formative assessment process, including interviews with, and surveys of, faculty and students.
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Bulgarino, Nicole A. "Savannah River Site Biomass Cogeneration Facility." In ASME 2013 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2013-98160.

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Ameresco & Department of Energy Savannah River partnered together to install three biomass fueled energy plants. The main plant is a 20 megawatt steam power plant and the other two smaller plants are thermal heating plants. All three facilities are located on the Department of Energy Savannah River Site (SRS). These facilities were developed and financed under an Energy Savings Performance Contract (ESPC), which utilizes energy and operational savings to fund the capital investment and operations cost over the performance period. Ameresco was fully responsible for the design, installation, oversight, management, safety, environmental compliance, and continues to be responsible for the operations and maintenance of the Biomass Cogeneration Facility. This is the largest biomass facility installed under ESPC in the federal government. The facilities have the capacity to combust 385,000 tons of forest residue annually. In the first year alone, the energy and operation cost savings at SRS is in excess of $34 million. Clean biomass and bio-derived fuels (such as tire derived fuel and untreated pallets) is the primary fuel source for all of the new boilers. Biomass is used to fuel two steam boilers capable of producing 240,000 lb. /hr. of high-pressure steam and to power a steam turbine capable of generating up to 20 MW of electricity. The smaller thermal plants provide biomass-produced steam for the areas’ heating and industrial processes. These plants satisfy winter steam requirements for both domestic heat and process steam and is fueled solely with biomass wood chips, utilizing fuel oil as backup source of fuel. Key benefits of the SRS biomass project include: • Over 2,000,000 MBtu/yr. of thermal renewable energy production and a minimum of generation of 77,000,000 kWh of green power • Annual Energy Reductions of approximately 500,000 MBtu/yr. • No-cost Renewable Energy Credits retained by the DOE SR • Support of the South Carolina Biomass Council Goals • Decrease of water intake from the Savannah River by 1,400,000 kgal/yr., supporting water conservation efforts in the region • Reduction of 400 tons/yr. of Particulate Matter (PM) emissions • Reduction of 3,500 tons/yr. of Sulfur Dioxide emissions • Reduction of 100,000 tons/yr. of Carbon Dioxide emissions The smaller heating plants include the main boiler systems and live bottom trailer fuel storage. The Biomass Cogeneration Facility includes the biomass boiler systems, the steam turbine generation system, and the facility auxiliary systems as well as the site infrastructure within these boundaries. The Facility has been designed, built, and tested per industrial/commercial codes for cogeneration facilities. The main components of the Facility are listed below: • Fuel Yard – Material Unloading & Storage and Delivery System ○ Biomass Fuel Chip unloading system ○ Fuel Storage Area ○ Transfer conveyors ○ Fuel Screening System ○ Tire Derived Fuel Storage & Unloading Area ○ Whole Log Chipping System & Storage • Water Treatment System – Water treatment system to treat river water for use in boilers as well as cooling tower for condensing turbine • Boiler Systems – (2) Boiler Island from metering bin, water side and flue gas side, pollution control devices and stacks • Chemical Treatment System – Chemical skids, injection skids for cooling tower and boiler treatment • Steam Turbine Generator System & Turbine Cooling System – (1) steam turbine and generator & Cooling Tower with cooling tower pumps • Emergency Generator System – (1) back diesel generator • Plant Control System – Master SCADA system which integrates all systems and balance of plant equipment I/O into one control system
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Mao, Xiaoan, Patcharin Saechan, and Artur J. Jaworski. "Evaluation of Random Stack Materials for Use in Thermoacoustic Refrigerators." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24763.

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In a thermoacoustic refrigerator, energy conversion between thermal and acoustic power is achieved by means of an oscillatory motion of a compressible fluid along a solid body referred to as “stack”. Traditionally, stacks have been most often made by arranging large number of thin plates at equal spacing to fill out the cross section of a thermoacoustic resonator. Other geometries such as circular pores, square or hexagonal pores (honeycombs) or pin-arrays can also be considered. Most common irregular geometry includes layers of woven wire mesh stacked along the resonator length. The advantages of thermoacoustic engines over other conventional energy conversion devices lie in their relatively simple hardware assembly, without the need for any dynamic sealing and lubrication. However, the fabrication of stacks, for example made out of very thin parallel plates, is usually costly and impractical, while using pre-fabricated stacks (e.g. ceramic catalytic converter substrates or honeycomb used in aerospace industry) has high materials costs, which limits the cost advantages of thermoacoustic engines. However, many of these problems could be avoided if irregular stack geometries made out of random (very often waste) materials could be used. There is a wide range of such candidate materials, including glass or steel wool, ceramic chippings, waste material from metal machining (swarf, Scourers), beds of glass or metal balls etc. However the main difficulty is the lack of experimental data characterising the performance of such stacks at the design stage. In this paper, the performance of a standing wave thermoacoustic refrigerator with a stack made of a few chosen random materials, is measured and compared to the one with a parallel plate stack. It is hoped that this work will be beneficial for developing low-cost thermoacoustic prime movers and heat pumps.
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Reports on the topic "Wood chipping"

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Mechanic crushed underneath four-ton wood chipping machine. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface12nj024.

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Barge loading facilities in conjunction with wood chipping and sawlog mill, Tennessee River Mile 145. 9R: Environmental assessment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6304723.

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