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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Womens liberation'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

DeLair, Eva. "Spiritual Liberation or Religious Discipline: The Religious Right’s Effects on Incarcerated Women." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/3.

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The history of the prison system in the US is inextricably linked to Christianity. Penitentiary shares its root word, penitence, with repentance. Quakers and Congregationalists started the very first prisons because they viewed the corporal punishment of that time to be cruel (Graber 20). Even today, prisons are required to hire chaplains to make sure incarcerated people have the freedom to practice religion inside of the prison. The largest volunteer group serving incarcerated people is Prison Fellowship, an arm of the Religious Right which began in the 1970s and is now the largest faith based group of its kind1 (Prison Fellowship “Benefits”). Under the umbrella of Prison Fellowship, a pre-release program called InnerChange Freedom Initiative was developed with the specific goal of transforming incarcerated men in order to lower recidivism rates. The Religious Right claims to have positive effects on incarcerated people beyond cultivating spirituality, such as better rehabilitation and lower recidivism. However, their claims have not withstood scientific scrutiny. This begs the question, what are the effects of the Religious Right’s programming inside of prisons? The US prison system, created with the intent of protecting society from criminals, was developed primarily by straight, white, Christian men who intended the system to be for men. Every aspect of a resident’s life is controlled by someone else;

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2

Broomfield, Kelcey Anyá. "The Liberation WILL be Televised: Performance as Liberatory Practice." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami156391494189893.

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3

Griffin, Lara. "The Chicago Women's Liberation Union: White Socialist Feminism and Women's Health Organizing in the 1970s." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1438529943.

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4

Schaaf, Meggin L. "Women and the Men Who Oppress Them: Ideologies and Protests of Redstockings, New York Radical Feminists, and Cell 16." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2142.

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The American civil rights movement created a ready environment in which exploited people protested their social status and demanded change. Among the forefront, women contended against their male oppressors and demanded autonomy. Ultimately, however, women disagreed amongst themselves regarding the severity of their oppression and the ideal route to implement change. Thereafter, radical feminism became a strong force within the women's liberation movement. Group members denied that capitalism oppressed women, and countered that women's status as a sex-class remained the essential component in their subjugation. To obtain true freedom, women had to reject the deeply ingrained social expectations. As radical feminists, Redstockings, New York Radical Feminists, and Cell 16 shared the goal of female freedom, but the process of acquiring freedom remained unique to each group. Nevertheless, although they focused on distinct issues, they each identified men as the source of female oppression and offered legitimate alternatives to social expectations.

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5

Morgan, Joanne. "Social Change and Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique: A Study of the Charismatic Author-Leader." University of Sydney. Sociology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/508.

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In this thesis I explore the significance of the publication of Betty Friedan�s The Feminine Mystique (1963) to the emergence of the second wave Women�s Liberation Movement in the US in the late 1960s. To this end, I deploy key concepts provided through social movement theory (eg collective identity, collective action frames, social problem construction). I also incorporate Max Weber and Antonio Gramsci�s insights on the indispensable role played by leaders who demonstrate a clear and effective political will. Weber�s three part model of pure charisma is used as a general template for understanding the impact of Friedan�s text. I critique aspects of Weber�s theory of charisma, in particular his failure to appreciate that the written word can mark the initial emergence phase of charisma rather than its routinisation. I augment Weber�s insights on charismatic leadership by attending to Gramsci�s emphasis on the necessity of winning the �war of ideas� that must be waged at the level of civil society within advanced capitalist societies. I examine Gramsci�s understanding of the power available to the organic intellectual who is aligned with the interests of subaltern groups and who succeeds in revealing the hegemonic commitments of accepted �common sense�. In the latter part of this thesis, I apply these many useful concepts to my case study analysis of Betty Friedan�s The Feminine Mystique. I argue that Friedan�s accessible, middlebrow text gave birth to a new discursive politics which was critically important not only for older women, but for a younger generation of more radicalised women. I emphasise how Friedan�s text mounted a concerted attack on the discursive construction of femininity under patriarchal capitalism. I question Friedan�s diagnostic claim that the problems American women faced were adequately captured by the terminology of the trapped housewife syndrome. I conclude by arguing that social movement researchers have to date failed to appreciate the leadership potential of the charismatic author-leader who succeeds in addressing and offering a solution to a pressing social problem through the medium of a best-selling, middlebrow text.

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6

Nuckels, Cuevas Ashley M. ""Loosey goosey" liberation: A critical feminist ethnographic study of the community created through the safe spaces of book clubs." Scholarly Commons, 2015. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/202.

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In the twenty-fifth anniversary edition of Reading the Romance , Janice Radway offers a new introduction in which she states that women continue to be limited in their access to discursive spaces where they can participate and engage equally. This thesis argues that women have created their own discursive spaces, or safe spaces, to compensate for their restricted access to the public sphere through book clubs. By utilizing a critical ethnographic approach and feminist theory, this thesis analyzes the communal constructs and safe space of one book club in the Midwest U.S. This critical ethnography of this book club provides an important perspective because its members are both heterosexual and lesbian women, thus providing an intersectional perspective about this safe space. After six months of data collection, three themes emerged: current events, family and personal experiences. By analyzing these themes I was able to conclude that these women have constructed a safe space that protected and fostered them through difficult and challenging times and experiences while also giving them the place to safely be themselves by exploring nontraditional gender roles and sharing their identities.

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7

Wyker, Cyrana B. "Women in wargasm : the politics of women's liberation in the Weather Underground organization." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002835.

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8

Wyker, Cyrana B. "Women in Wargasm: The Politics of Womenís Liberation in the Weather Underground Organization." Scholar Commons, 2009. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/93.

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In this thesis I examine women's participation in the violent revolutionary organization, Weatherman/Weather Underground. My attempt is to uncover Weatherman's view of women's liberation, their differences to the women's liberation movement and examine the practices implemented. I discuss Weatherman, more generally, in the context and circumstances of their emergence from the Students for a Democratic Society in the late sixties. Influenced by popular revolutionary thinkers Weatherman declared itself and its members revolutionaries dedicated to bringing about a socialist revolution in the United States through strategies of guerilla warfare. Weatherman's insistence on revolutionary violence situated masculinity and machismo within the center of their politics and practice. Weatherman promised its female members liberation through violence and machismo in the fight for a socialist revolution. I explore Weatherman's political position on women's liberation and the result of their politics evident in autonomous women's actions and sexual practices. In addition, I contend that Weatherman's politics more generally, and women's participation in Weatherman was shaped by the cultural hegemony of masculinity, termed by Connell as hegemonic masculinity. Exploration of women's participation in political violence is important to the acknowledgment of women as agents of aggression and the gender fluidity they represent. Weatherwomen's acceptance and adoption of masculinity provides an example of gender fluidity in contexts outside of common homosexual, transgendered, or queer representations. Furthermore, varying perceptions of women's liberation during the late sixties and early seventies has yet to be explored outside of the narrow scope of the autonomous feminist movement. Women who participated in the Weatherman/Weather Underground, their politics of women's liberation and methods in which to accomplish liberation have been ignored by historians of feminism and the New Left. This thesis uncovers the politics of women's liberation in the Weatherman/ Weather Underground, through which I examine the meaning of women's liberation, methods of liberation, and the empowered and limited position of women within the Weatherman/Weather Underground.

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9

Ramlawi, Rachel L. "Queen of the Hill." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1605097917011871.

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10

Jahn, J. "Martinican women's novels : oppression, resistance and liberation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.605017.

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This doctoral thesis is the first comprehensive work on Martinican women’s literature. I demonstrate that Martinican women authors have been just as prolific as their male counterparts and have increasingly contributed significant social criticism from a specifically female perspective. The aim is to rectify the imbalance in the attention given to women writers from Guadeloupe and those from Martinique, and to remedy the disproportion of critical studies dedicated to male Martinican writers compared to those by their female counterparts. The thesis provides a general overview of Martinican women authors and focuses on Nicole Cage-Florentiny, Suzanne Dracius, Fabienne Kanor, Marie Flore-Pelage and Audrey Pulvar in particular. These five authors belong to a generation of writers who are less concerned with revolutionary and ideological manifestos, but with the specific problems with which women are confronted on a daily basis. What is thereby generated is a canon of Martinican women’s literature, or French Antillean literature more generally, that can be situated in its own context, rather than assimilated into African-American, Third-World or Francophone African literary canons. They break silences on taboo subjects, putting into the forefront rape, incest, madness, miscegenation, silencing, exile, dysfunctional relationships and lesbianism, and present distinctively female experiences of racism, sexism, and class elitism. My analysis shows these authors establish new forms of resistance against patriarch oppression, not only in their approaches to representing women’s subjugation, but also in how they appropriate, subvert, and reject available Western literary techniques. They situate the root of their society’s problems in the time of slavery and colonialism, and insist that changes need to be made today, thereby incorporating an awareness of their past yet maintaining a new and all-inclusive femi-humanism. Their female aesthetic and shift away from male-centred beliefs, portrayals and stereotypes and towards a new understanding of the position of women as mothers, sisters, wives, lovers, and as authors of their own subjectivities, is a much-needed component in a complete and critical literary representation of Martinican society.

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11

Lynn, Jessica Louise. "Country Women: Back-to-the-Land Feminism and Radical Feminist Praxis in the Women's Liberation Movement." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1123.

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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF JESSICA LOUISE LYNN, for the Master of Arts degree in HISTORY, presented on March 25, 2013, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: COUNTRY WOMEN: BACK-TO-THE-LAND FEMINISM AND RADICAL FEMINIST PRAXIS IN THE WOMEN'S LIBERATION MOVEMENT MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Robbie Lieberman Historians of American History, cultural movements, the 60s-era, and even the counterculture frequently categorize second-wave feminism as a monolithic movement, its complexity minimized, its successes devalued. While there are a handful of feminist historians who have offered in depth, corrective histories to the popular narrative of the 60s-era, still missing from the historiography of the second-wave is a comprehensive analysis of the feminist women, and women who became feminists, in the counterculture's back-to-the-land movement. In studying a few feminist farms and communes that developed in the late 1960s, particularly in Mendocino County, California (and some that have survived to present day), and the literature produced therein, I hope to further the historical understanding of how second-wave radical feminist theory was put into practice, and to reveal how the praxis of radical feminism through living on the land enabled women to experience empowerment on a daily basis, and consequently how that empowerment has influenced subsequent generations' feminist undertakings. Back-to-the-land feminism suggests a way to bridge the gap between radical and cultural feminists, or at least suggests radical, social, and cultural feminism was at work as an intersectional, cross-referential aspect of women's liberation and was less divisive, teleological, or chronologically static than scholars thus far have contended. By examining back-to-the-land feminism, we can locate a specific praxis of radical feminist theory. Women's experiences using back-to-basics survival techniques on back-to-the-land communes (such as challenging traditional gender roles by learning "male" oriented work), creating alternatives to capitalist consumer culture (like attempting self-sufficiency and trade networks), experimenting with sexuality and finding empowerment in lesbian partnerships, and using grassroots organizing strategies for women's coalition building and empowerment were some of the ways radical feminist theory was put into practice. In the process of this historical examination I will explore some pertinent questions: Was opting to "drop out" of society to live in experimental, socialistic communities that were usually anti-government and outside of the hegemonic social order inherently apolitical? If so, does this necessarily oust them from feminist social movement? Were the back-to-the-land feminists enacting cultural feminist values, and if so, were they doing so at an earlier time than cultural feminism is said to have come (after radical feminism)? Were back-to-the-land feminists employing strategic separatism and strategic essentialism? And, what is the value in strategic essentialism, "cultural" feminism, and separatism, and how did these "-isms" help back-to-the-land women discover feminist values and enact radical feminism? Finally, how do we measure the success of back-to-the-land feminism, especially since these women are not by current academic standards necessarily considered radical feminists? By examining women's experiences in these back-to-the-land communities, exploring their discontent and subsequent feminist enlightenment, as well as locating their activism as radical feminism, I hope to bring to light an element of the feminist movement that has previously been unexamined.

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12

Billard, Elizabeth V. "Women, literacy and liberation in rural China /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb596.pdf.

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13

Baloyi, Magezi Elijah. "Patriarchal structures, a hindrance to women's rights." Pretoria : [S.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05272008-135428/.

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14

Roggeveen, Erica. "Revolutionary women in El Salvador the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, women's organizations, and the transformation of the position of women /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2003. http://thesis.haverford.edu/49/01/2003RoggeveenE.pdf.

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15

Eaton, Ramírez Helen-May. "Speaking of liberation, the emancipatory limits of Gustavo Gutiérrez's liberation theology for Latin American women." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0021/NQ41423.pdf.

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16

Browne, Sarah. "The Women's Liberation Movement in Scotland c.1968-1979." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2007. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/d2812397-63dc-4e00-9738-4e679fa4b706.

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This thesis explores the impact of the Women's Liberation Movement (WLM) in Scotland. Using documentary evidence and oral history interviews from twenty-nine participants this study charts the emergence of the movement, offering details on where it emerged, why it did and what campaigns were undertaken. It will complement other studies conducted on the WLM in various other parts of Britain, including London and Leeds. It argues for a more representative historiography in which material from other places outside of the main women's liberation centres are included, demonstrating that women's liberation was relevant to many women the length and breadth of Britain. This study covers the period of the WLM's early formation through to the supposed end of the movement in 1979. It describes what the membership was like, the movement's development through local women's liberation workshops,. newsletters and conferences and it analyses two of the most important single-issue campaigns for the movement in Scotland: abortion and violence against women. These issues were important in attracting new women to the liberation cause, forming alliances with other sympathetic groups and in educating the wider public on some aspects of seventies feminism. By providing the first full account of the WLM in Scotland, this research argues that by looking at smaller case-studies the chronology of the WLM can be questioned. The research illustrates that there were important links between the movement and other social and political groups. Moreover, in narratives of the WLM the increasing fragmentation of the movement is usually conflated with weakness and decline. Most accounts tend to describe how the decline of the movement in Britain in the late seventies was due to an inability to resolve conflict. This thesis seeks to challenge this point by arguing that fragmentation and a focus on single-issue campaigns was by no means an entirely negative development. It helped to create a diffusion of feminist ideas into wider society and in the Scottish context led to a flourishing of research and literature on women north of the border. In doing so they ensured the continued relevance of women's liberation ideas into the 1980s

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17

Sinha, Indu B. "'Escape' and 'struggle' : routes to women's liberation in Bihar." Thesis, University of Bath, 2002. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393872.

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The new technology instilled new 'forces of production' into an agrarian setting, which was yet to undergo substantial institutional change that could have subsequently led to change the 'relations of production' as well. This setting was the countryside of the state of Bihar. While, the first process went apace since 1970s, the second remained vitiated. This led to serious conflicts between the twin processes of the 'forces of production' and the 'relations of production'. This conflict has remained one of the root causes of ongoing socioeconomic conflicts expressed in militant social movements in Bihar. In the north, the antifeudal radical mobilisation (contemporary to the technological intrusion) by the poor threatened the feudal forces and the state machinery to the extent to take up partial implementation of the land-reform laws, yet it could not sustain so strong as to significantly dislodge the feudal system and radically alter the production relations. The poor gained very little in return and in absence of a sustained struggle for getting more they were left with no option but to 'escape' from their roots for a livelihood. To them, out migration to distant labour markets emerged as the rescue point. In central Bihar, the feudal stronghold was structurally weaker. The mobilisation continued to target the weaker feudal order. The poor gained substantially and not in economic terms alone. Here, 'struggle' offered an option to survive with dignity. Amidst this conflicting interaction between the modem productive forces and the traditional production relations, there emerged two dominant actors - 'market' and 'mobilisation' in north and central Bihar regions, respectively. And, this conflicting interaction offered two distinct avenues for survival for the poor - 'escape' and 'struggle'. Women directly and/or indirectly experienced and shared this whole conflicting situation in both the regions. This study is about how powerful have these dominant 'actors', i.e. market and mobilisation acted in creating 'space' for women in north and central Bihar, respectively over last three decades. The enquiry is about how far have these twin catalysts succeeded in relaxing patriarchal constraints and in bringing about changes in traditional relationships between the genders. The exploration is about how and in what forms these changes lead towards women liberation. Women liberation is the keyhole, the focus, the viewfinder - the central theme of the thesis; Market and Mobilisation are the twin catalysts, the agents for gender-relational change. Gender relation is the framework. Structural change is the setting. North and central regions of Bihar are the sites for this research. It is encouraging that the study, in the end, speaks much more than what is assumed at the beginning. The study of market forces, as a powerful catalyst for change in gender relations, leads to argue for a feminine route to liberation in north Bihar. The emergence of a 'feminine sector of production' provides the material basis for this argument. In central Bihar, the study of mobilization, as the other catalyst, leads to argue for a 'feminisation of the strategy' of mobilisation itself. In north Bihar, 'escape' by male migrants has allowed their women to act more assertively and decisively. Though left alone and often vulnerable, this opportunity allows them discover their own strength in the process of coping with a difficult situation. This process is painful yet liberating. This is 'escape' route to women's liberation. In central Bihar, poor women (and men) resort to struggle against class and gender oppression. This struggle keeps poor women's lives on the verge of perpetual hardships of all kinds and also exposes rich women to different kind of challenges. Poor women have nothing to lose but their chains! This is 'struggle' route to women's liberation. The twin catalysts of market and moblisation are examined as the accelerators to the processes that create material conditions for women to emerge as stronger (than before) actors. The market-infused development has given way to a feminine regime of production (in food sector) vis-a-vis a masculine one (in cash sector) in north Bihar. This phenomenon provides strong basis for arguing in favour of feminisation of productive regime in food sector. In central Bihar, mobilisation has given passage to a fair degree of gender-relational changes and liberating opportunities for women thereby over last decades. This is most visible in growth of gender consciousness that not only has emerged out of the womb of class-consciousness but has also made its presence felt in the processes of shaping of the strategies and fixing up of the priorities for mobilisation. This is reflected in growing concern of the radical mobilisation with the issue of development. This indicates a shift in the strategy of the radical left politics for change, because the radical mobilisation basing on the Marxist ideology believes in overthrowing of the state power and aims at reconstituting of the society according to a radical set of principles. The particular engagement of the radical women's organisations (WOs) with the question of development and mobilisation of poor women (and men) against 'detrimental' of development, i.e. the 'Bureaucratic feudalism' may be explained as an indication towards a feminisation of the process of mobilisation itself. This study argues for an alternative feminine vision for development, which assigns central place to reproduction. This argues for a reversal of the development paradigm that assigns central place to production. This vision for development would encourage and strengthen the feminine productive regime in north Bihar. The present situation in central Bihar too is ripe for arguing in favour of strong mobilisation aimed at development in a region where movement, strategically, had no truce with development before. An alternative feminine vision can transform mobilisation into the 'input' for development. This alternative 'feminine vision' offers powerful insights for developing a distinct feminist perspective, which I term as the 'Women's Worldview' (WWV). The reflections of this feminine vision may be found in the 'feminine regime of production' in north Bihar and in the process of 'feminising of mobilisation strategy' in central Bihar. An expanded feminine vision emerging from the ground would provide conceptual basis for building up this fresh holistic, humanistic and inclusive feminist perspective. This perspective (WWV) may lead towards a 'feminine route' to human liberation. This study finally provides evidence to the main argument that women liberation has strong potential to culminate into an alternative process to human liberation.

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18

Bayrakceken, Tuzel Gokce. "Being And Becoming Professional: Work And Liberation Through Women." Phd thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605746/index.pdf.

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This study focuses on the relationship between women&rsquo
s work and women&rsquo
s liberation and emancipation from male domination by examining, within a feminist epistemological and methodological standpoint, the personal and occupational experiences of women doing professional work in Turkey. The aim of this study is to make a conceptual discussion by referring to the field of professional work and the particular form it takes in the Turkish case. Patriarchy at professional work, which operates differently than it does in waged work, has been approached with a socialist feminist standpoint. However, socialist feminist conceptualisation of patriarchy at work has been interpreted with a special focus on different forms of patriarchy. According to this, patriarchy is an incomplete formation which manifests itsef in different actual forms. Due to its changing and fluid nature it is maintained in different social practices. This interpretation of patriarchy with the notions of "
manifestation&rdquo
and &ldquo
practice&rdquo
provides for conceptualising the contextual features of patriarchy without being lost or dispersed in the contextuality of the patriarchal operations. It connects different contexts that arise from regional, religional, ethnic, racial, or class-based effects or social, economic, political and historical conditions without reducing them to a generalised sameness. In this context, women&rsquo
s becoming and being professionals in Turkey in the early republican period appears to be a significant example. In Turkey, Kemalism appears to be the practice which determines not only the professions but also the conditions of women&rsquo
s entery to the public realm as educated professionals. In this connection patriarchy is manifested within the interacting practices of professionalism and Kemalism. As the research design of oral history narratives of 18 women and some other biographic and historical sources indicates, women internalised professional values above and beyond Kemalist values together with their patriarchal contents. Although being professional has a certain liberating effect on women&rsquo
s lives they had to deal with patriarchal manifestations within the practices of professionalisma and Kemalism.

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19

Omberg, Katie. "The liberation of God : women writing a new theology /." South Hadley, Mass. : [s.n.], 2008. http://ada.mtholyoke.edu/setr/websrc/pdfs/www/2008/259.pdf.

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20

Ng, Catherine Wah-Hung. "A multiplicity model of oppresssion/liberation of working women." Thesis, University of Kent, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300946.

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21

Ramos, Robles Cristina. "Domestic Violence Against Women: Continuing the Struggle for Liberation." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2015. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/169.

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22

April, Thozama. "Theorising women: the intellectual contributions of Charlotte Maxeke to the struggle for liberation in South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3847_1360849448.

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The study outlines five areas of intervention in the development of women&rsquo
s studies and politics on the continent. Firstly, it examines the problematic construction and the inclusion of women in the narratives of the liberation struggle in South Africa. Secondly, the study identifies the sphere of intellectual debates as one of the crucial sites in the production of historical knowledge about the legacies of liberation struggles on the continent. Thirdly, it traces the intellectual trajectory of Charlotte Maxeke as an embodiment of the intellectual contributions of women in the struggle for liberation in South Africa. In this regard, the study traces Charlotte Maxeke as she deliberated and engaged on matters pertaining to the welfare of the Africans alongside the prominent intellectuals of the twentieth century. Fourthly, the study inaugurates a theoretical departure from the documentary trends that define contemporary studies on women and liberation movements on the continent. Fifthly, the study examines the incorporation of Maxeke&rsquo
s legacy of active intellectual engagement as an integral part of gender politics in the activities of the Women&rsquo
s Section of the African National Congress. In the areas identified, the study engages with the significance of the intellectual inputs of Charlotte Maxeke in South African history.

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23

Lyons, Tanya. "Guns and guerrilla girls : women in the Zimbabwean National Liberation struggle." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl9918.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 290-311. This study investigates the roles and experiences of "women warriors" in Zimbabwe's anti-colonial national liberation war, and reveals certain glorifications which have served to obscure and silence the voices of thousands of young girls and women involved in the struggle. The problems associated with the inclusion of women in an armed/military guerrilla force are discussed, and the (re)presentation of women in discourses of war, fictional accounts, public and national symbols and other multiple discursive layers which have re-inscribed the women back into the domestic examined. The Zimbabwean film Flame highlights the political sensitivity of the issues, including accusations of rape by male comrades in guerrilla training camps. An overview of women's involvement in Zimbabwean history, anti-colonial struggle, and the African nationalist movement provides the background for a critique of western feminist theories of nationalism and women's liberation in Africa. Historical records are juxtaposed with the voices of some women ex-combatants who speak their reasons for joining the struggle and their experiences of war. White Rhodesian women's roles are also examined in light of the gendered constructions of war.

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24

Black, Amy N. "Objectification or liberation? : bisexual and lesbian women's experiences with physical appearance /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2006. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/fullcit/3239900.

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25

Roberts, Chadwick Lee. "Consuming Liberation: Playgirl and the Strategic Rhetoric of Sex Magazines for Women 1972-1985." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1302714550.

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26

Ono, Sayako. "Ballet as liberation : dreams, desire and resistance among urban Japanese women." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2015. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/22783/.

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This thesis explores how ballet, a western performing art, provides middle-class women with a sense of fulfillment and an opportunity to escape hegemonic gender ideals in Japan. In everyday situations Japanese women are expected to dedicate their time and energy to others - husbands, parents, children and workplace superiors. I argue that indulging their own personal enjoyment is not encouraged by broader society, while in the post-bubble era the expression of neoliberal and globalised individualism is recognised among younger generations. Within this context of expected behaviour, some women use and consume ballet as a tool of resistance, albeit a fragile one, against the 'traditional' gender norms of Japanese society. Among anthropologists ballet is rarely a mainstream topic for analysis becauseit is seen as a western 'high art', far removed from their traditional fields of study. Therefore the following thesis offers a novel anthropological perspective on the study of ballet as performed by middleclass amateur housewives and by doing so highlights contemporary Japanese notions of gender relations and sense of embodied selfhood.

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Blackford, Catherine. "Ideas, structures and practices of feminism, 1939-64." Thesis, University of East London, 1996. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/1233/.

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A dominant theme in histories of twentieth century women's politics is the argument that there have been two 'waves' of high profile activity and unity: the pre 1914 suffrage Movement and the post 1960s Women's Liberation Movement. As a result of this historical temporality, the years 1918-68 have generally been presented as a period of longterm decline in women's politics. Since the late 1980s, research on women's politics in the interwar years has begun to challenge this consensus. However, there has been limited re-evaluation of women's political organisation in the 1940s and 1950s. Existing research presents this period primarily in terms of decline, and offers an interpretation of 1940s and l950s feminism through the unsympathetic lens of a 'second wave' definition of feminism based on opposition to women's traditional domestic roles. Using recently released archival material which has yet to be incorporated into analysis of women's politics in this period, and drawing on shifts in feminist thinking since the 1980s, the thesis offers a re-evaluation of self identified feminism in the period 1939-64. Taking as its primary focus, the Married Women's Association, a feminist organisation concerned with the legal economic rights of married women, the thesis argues that a new strand of feminism emerged in the late 1930s. Although the key themes of this 'new' feminism - economic equality and independence of the full-time housewife - were distinctive to the l940s and 1950s, they also revealed intimations of ideas and issues taken up by the Women's Liberation Movement from the late l960s. By arguing for equality in difference, 'new' feminists applied the language of equal rights to women's position in the private sphere. In the process they argued that full-time housewives, as workers and marital partners, were entitled to economic independence in the form of a legal right to half the male wage. From the late 1950s however, growing feminist recognition of married women's dual role led to the beginnings of a discussion about the effects of women's domesticity on their status in the workplace; this was to develop into a critique of the role of full-time housewife for women.

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Uchem, Rose. "LIBERATIVE INCULTURATION: THE CASE OF IGBO WOMEN." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 2002. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,2446.

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MuÌˆller, Tanja R. "The making of elite women within revolution and nation building : the case of Eritrea." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273565.

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30

Oliver, Liz. "Liberation or limitation? : a study of women's leisure in Bolton c1919-1939." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337202.

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31

Setch, Eve Grace. "The Women's Liberation Movement in Britain, 1969-79 : organisation, creativity and debate." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342279.

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This thesis challenges a historiography of British feminism of the 1970s which outlines a simplistic progression from unity towards fragmentation and disintegration. I argue that the divisions within feminism were much more complex than is assumed and that they were present from the very beginnings of the movement. Activities at grassroots level were as critical in the production of feminist theory as the major theorists, such as Kate Millett and Shulamith Firestone, who are most often cited. The project focuses largely on the internal structures and organisation of the women's movement as they developed over the 1970s, particularly in the London Women's Liberation Workshop. My principal concern is with written grassroots sources, such as the newsletter of the London Women's Liberation Workshop, national and sectarian conference papers, journals and pamphlets, all now located in various women's archives around Britain. The central section of the thesis discusses feminist fictional writing, poetry and art to show how a concern to develop theories about the position of women and the movement itself, was not limited to 'political' writings. Women's creative work did not simply display movement theory but was a part of its construction and development. The final section of the thesis takes these ideas into two specific areas of debate; domestic labour and violence against women. As in earlier sections, the concern is to look at the grassroots materials produced out of women's experiences.

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Neumann, Katja L. E. "Gendering liberation : "deprivatising" women's subjectivity in the prayer-poetry of Dorothee Soelle." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21172.

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This study investigates the artistic expressions of women’s subjectivity in the prayer-poetry of Dorothee Sölle (1929-2003). My aim is to develop a critical introduction of Sölle’s poetry, in light of her theology and in conversation with literary theory, contextualising the reception of her work and the role of reception in subjectivity as these converge in her prayerful hermeneutic. In what I come to call “liturgical reception”, I provide a perspective on Sölle’s work on the basis of translations for an English speaking context. I draw on contemporary thought, ranging from feminism and liberation theology to hermeneutics, literary theory and philosophy, to shape the contour and scope of Sölle’s work. Addressing feminist debates that consider the role of gendered subjectivity in relation to pervasive hetero-normative structures, I facilitate Mary Gerhart’s notion of the “genric” and Luce Irigaray’s work on the “sexuate” to clarify the issues arising in Sölle’s poetry in the context of language and literature, as well as classic formulations of God and the Church. Thinking through gendered subjectivity allows liberation to emerge as a poetic process that opens up personal prayer for the wider community. In light of Sölle’s early comments on “Deprivatised Prayer” [1971], I argue for a theopoetic conception of prayer which takes the Death of God not as an end point, but as a starting point for a consciously critical negotiation of gendered faith identity in community. The conditions of the Death of God, to Sölle a sign for the loss of immediacy in the sense of naïveté (Ricoeur) – and therefore a loss of unproblematic intimacy – require prayer to take into account its gendered situation, since prayer is never not embodied. Sölle’s portrayals of woman-lover, mother and artist both rely upon and differentiate the relationship between emancipation and solidarity that I see addressed by liberation hermeneutics as the work of co-creation. Thus emerges a theopoetic vision that does not dissolve gender difference in favour of a “general” salvation, but offers a critique of the process of liberation itself tied into our gendered engagements with a theological reception of women at prayer.

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Nhongo-Simbanegavi, Josephine. "Zimbabwean women in the liberation struggle : ZANLA and its legacy, 1972-1985." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339882.

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34

Laurens, Corran. "La femme au turban : images of women in France at the Liberation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295697.

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35

Doty, Angela Joy. "Mary's role in liberation from the Lucan infancy narrative." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2000. http://www.tren.com.

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36

Gurun, Anna. "Second-wave feminist approaches to sexuality in Britain and France, c.1970-c.1983." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2015. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/23072114-94b9-412a-88a6-64f536725a13.

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This thesis compares the campaigns and debates on sexuality by the British ‘Women’s Liberation Movement’ (WLM) and the French ‘Mouvement de libération des femmes’ (MLF), in the period c.1970 – c.1983. It examines five significant topics: abortion, lesbianism, pornography, prostitution, and rape, all of which were campaigned on by feminists in each country. There has been a distinct lack of historical comparative works on the two movements, and few attempts to compare their discussions and activism on sexuality, which has resulted in a limited view of each movement, something this thesis aims to rectify. Using written grassroots sources, published primary material, and oral history interviews, it argues there were broad similarities between the two movements, but differences in the scope, shape, and progression of their campaigns as a result of national, cultural, and social factors. This study covers the period when each movement was at its height but also when it began to wane in activism, and explores how each approached sexuality in public campaigns and discussions. Examining multiple topics allows a deeper comparison of the feminist approach to sexuality, including: how they dealt with outside organisations; the significance of personal experience; and connections between class, sexuality, and the limits of ‘sexual liberation’. By providing the first historical comparative analysis of the movements’ approaches, this project shows there were many parallel ideas between the two as result of similar origins and outside influences. Yet it was national events and contexts that converted these ideas on politicising the personal into distinctive feminist activism, and a ‘global sisterhood’ manifested differently on each side of the Channel.

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Hester, M. "The dynamics of domination : Men as a ruling class and the nature of women's subordination." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233917.

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Graham, Helen. "Politics, feeling, art : activating moments of the Women's Liberation Movement for contemporary politics." Thesis, University of York, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413593.

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39

Johnson, Rachel E. "Making history, gendering youth : young women and South Africa's liberation struggles after 1976." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12808/.

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This thesis is a study of youth, nationalism, silence, gender and history-making. It explores the study of a distinct `youth politics' after 1976 within histories of South Africa's liberation struggles. In particular it examines a narrative that has suggested youth politics became a masculine pursuit from the mid-1980s onwards. Within the historiographic narratives of youth politics young women often appear as a silent absence. However, it is argued that a project that aimed solely to fill in this historiographic gap would misunderstand the nature of young women's absence from struggle history. This thesis argues instead for a more complex understanding of liberation politics and the production of history as arenas for reifying, contesting and creating gender ideologies. The shifting subjectivities of young women are examined through an exploration of the politics of voice and silence in five connected contexts: the historiography of the struggle; commemorations of June 16th 1976; the public discussions of self-identified youth activists; the legal entanglements between the State and activists (trials, detention and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission); and black women's autobiographical projects. It is argued that the absence of young women from struggle histories is not just a banal twist in the historical record but rather an active, contested and ongoing process.

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Blackstone, Kathryn R. "Women in the footsteps of the Buddha : struggle for liberation in the Therīgāthā /." Richmond [U.K.] : Curzon, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb372076617.

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41

Wulu, Amber Michaela. "Liberating The Sexed Body: Oscar Wilde Erodes Victorian Conventions As A New World Is Created In The Importance Of Being Earnest." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1395269953.

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42

Nuryatno, Muhammad Agus. "Asghar Ali Engineer's views on liberation theology and women's issues in Islam : an analysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64175.pdf.

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43

Walsh, Anita Ann. "Moment of freedom : the political ideas of the British women's liberation movement, 1965-1970." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406019.

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44

Stevenson, George Stuart Michael. "The Women's Liberation Movement and the intractable problem of class, c.1968 - c.1979." Thesis, Durham University, 2016. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11430/.

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This thesis focuses on the voices, activism and experiences of working-class women engaged with the Women’s Movement between 1968 and 1979. It explores their interactions with feminism and class politics and places particular emphasis on their role in the Women’s Liberation Movement and the productive and reproductive class struggles in the period. This approach defines the WLM as a part of the wider Women’s Movement, alongside women’s industrial and community conflicts. It argues that contemporary accounts seeking to recover the significance of ‘sisterhood’ or prioritise alternative identities in the movement often do so at the expense of its working-class participants and underplay the significance of ‘class’ in the political identities of middle-class liberationists. It asserts therefore that that the integration of working-class women and class politics into the story of the 1970s Women’s Movement requires a reconsideration of the existing narratives of the WLM. In developing this perspective, it extricates the tension between the foundational and ideological importance of class and class politics at individual, regional and national levels of the WLM in Britain on the one hand and the intractable problems that class posed within and around the movement on the other. In so doing, it illustrates how both structural and cultural forms of class analysis can offer complementary insights into women’s identity construction and political consciousness, with particular validity not only for social and political movements but also for the post-war period more widely.

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45

Flaherty, Emily Grace. "The Women's Liberation Movement in Britain, 1968-1984 : locality and organisation in feminist politics." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8551/.

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This thesis offers new insights and understandings of the complexity and development of the operational and organisational forms of the Women’s Liberation Movement over the course of the 1970s and 1980s. Through focusing on the local groups of Aberdeen, Brighton and Hove, Edinburgh and Bolton as case studies of the broader movement, this research argues that there were complex processes of development at the grassroots in which women conceived of, implemented and continued to develop new feminist methods of political organisation and structure, and continued to debate issues of organisation, structure and political practice throughout the period. Furthermore, this thesis demonstrates that the development of new, alternative feminist organisational and political practices were central to the ways in which the WLM attempted to represent and manage the diverse opinions, positions, interests and socio-economic divisions within its membership from the very beginnings of the WLM. This study also explores the impact of local factors on each group and the extent to which these shaped and developed the organisation, structure and practices of local groups over the course of the 1970s and into the 1980s. In doing so, this thesis challenges a historiography that depicts the WLM as a ‘structureless’ movement and therefore as disorganised, and which outlines a simplistic ‘rise and fall’ chronology of the movement, from unity in the early 1970s to crippling division at the end of the decade. Rather, through the use of documentary evidence and oral history interviews with feminist activists, this thesis argues that attempts to solve and mange debate and disagreements between women were a significant part and purpose of feminist organisation and its subsequent development well beyond the supposed ‘end’ of the WLM in 1978.

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46

Fullerton, Barbara L. "Liberated consciousness an investigation from the perspective of feminist and Third World theologies /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.

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47

Cattich, Sandra Mary. "Reclaiming virginity, liberating desire : a study of three women's novels." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22107.

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Bibliography: p. 145-151.
In my study of Brontë's Jane Eyre and Rhys's Voyage in the Dark and Wide Sargasso Sea, I adopt a reading of Luce Irigaray's concept of virginity to explore these writer's search for an identity beyond that defined by patriarchy. Traditionally, virginity is informed by a series of dichotomies (for example, man/woman, active/passive, day/night, etc.) associated with silence and stasis, which I term static virginity. In her project of resymbolisation, Irigaray reconceives this definition in terms of a utopic goal that will provide women with the mobility or incentive to represent and articulate themselves in their own terms, which I distinguish as dynamic virginity. This paradigm allows me to interpret the dual roles that the female characters of these novels assume, on the one hand miming a discourse which implicates while it alienates them, and on the other hand struggling to articulate an authentic 'voice' beyond the confines of patriarchy. The discovery of an autoerotic awareness linked to the motherdaughter relationship, introduces virginity as a legacy of spiritual embodiment enjoyed by all women at all stages of their lives. The autoerotic becomes a means of distinguishing, representing, and therefore liberating feminine desire from its current predicate position within language. In the novels I study this process can be traced in metaphorical transformations which allow these women writers to simultaneously redeem their sexual identities from a negative patriarchal definition and speak from a dignified collective.

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O'Reilly, Kerry. "Woman to woman a missionary's letter to a friend /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.

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Broderick, Whendi Cook. "young women and empowerment : Action learning as a critical intervention in education for liberation." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.535976.

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O'Gorman, Eleanor. "Revolutionary lives : a study of women and local resistance in the Zimbabwean Liberation War." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272307.

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