Journal articles: 'Women – Violence against – Canada'

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Brownridge, Douglas A., and Shiva S. Halli. "Double Jeopardy?: Violence Against Immigrant Women in Canada." Violence and Victims 17, no. 4 (August 2002): 455–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.17.4.455.33680.

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Using a theoretical synthesis based in Nested Ecological Theory, the study fills a gap in the extant literature through an investigation of the prevalence and causes of violence against immigrant women in Canada. Based on a representative sample of 7,115 women, the results show that immigrant women from developing countries have the highest prevalence of violence. The analyses demonstrate that several variables operate differently in the production of violence against immigrant women from developed and developing nations. However, the key difference in explaining the higher prevalence of violence among those from developing countries is the sexually proprietary behavior exhibited by their partners. The results further show that sexual jealousy interacts with high female education and low male education levels in the prediction of violence among immigrant women from developing countries. Implications for future research are identified.

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Hilton, Zoe. "Book Review: Explaining Violence Against Women in Canada." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 17, no. 3 (March 2002): 343–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260502017003007.

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Brownridge, Douglas A. "Male Partner Violence Against Aboriginal Women in Canada." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 18, no. 1 (January 2003): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260502238541.

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Johnson, Holly. "Assessing the prevalence of violence against women in Canada." Statistical Journal of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe 22, no. 3-4 (June 14, 2006): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sju-2005-223-404.

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Brownridge, Douglas A., Diane Hiebert-Murphy, Janice Ristock, Ko Ling Chan, Agnes Tiwari, Kimberly A. Tyler, and Susy C. Santos. "Violence Against Separated, Divorced, and Married Women in Canada, 2004." Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 49, no. 3-4 (September 24, 2008): 308–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10502550802222121.

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Tavassoli, Afsaneh, Sima Soltani, Seyedeh Mahboobeh Jamali, and Nader Ale Ebrahim. "A Research on Violence Against Women: Are the Trends Growing?" Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 425–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.3.1664.1.

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Objectives: Violence against women is a global public health problem. Although there has been much research done on violence against women, there are few studies that provide the current scientific production. Methods: In this study, bibliometric analysis has been used to evaluate the 1984 documents from 1986 to 2020 based on the Scopus database. These documents were analyzed quantitatively by the Bibliometric R Package and the VOS viewer software. In addition, the 20 top-cited papers were analyzed qualitatively. Results: The research findings show that the United States is a leader in this field with the most highly cited articles and also the greatest number of publications followed by the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and South Africa. A total of 1984 documents were collected from the Scopus database and were analyzed in the Bibliometric R Research Package and the VOSviewer software. The results demonstrated that the average citations per year for each document were 23.39% and the annual scientific production growth rate was 16.86%. The keywords analysis indicates that most articles focus on “sexual violence”, “sexual assault”, “intimate partner violence”, “violence against women”, “sexual abuse”, “domestic violence”, “child sexual abuse”, “prevention”, and “rape.” Sources such as the “Journal of Interpersonal Violence”, “Journal of Violence Against Woman”, “Journal of Violence and Victims”, “Psychology of Women Quarterly”, “Journal of Adolescent Health”, “Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology”, “American Journal of Public Health”, “Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology”, and “American Journal of Public Health”, and “The Lancet” are the top most productive in this field. Discussion: Examining the articles showed that the vast majority of women have experienced verbal, sexual, intimate partner violence, cyber harassment, and so on.

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Mucina, Mandeep Kaur, and Amina Jamal. "INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL ISSUE: ASSIMILATION, INTERRUPTED: TRANSFORMING DISCOURSES OF CULTURE- AND HONOUR-BASED VIOLENCE IN CANADA." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 12, no. 1 (March 12, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs121202120080.

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This special issue about race, honour, culture, and violence against women in South Asian Canadian communities is proffered as an entry point to a wider, multilayered discussion about race, culture, gender, and violence. It hopes to intensify a debate on gendered violence that could tie in with analysis and commentary on individual killings in family-related sites, murders of racialized women and girls in public sites, and other forms of violence against women and girls in society. We encourage readers to consider how to understand the landscape that South Asian Canadian women and girls are confronting, while also asking critical questions about the wider settler colonial system in which we all participate as we fight gender-based violence.

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Guruge, Sepali, Brenda Roche, and Cristina Catallo. "Violence against Women: An Exploration of the Physical and Mental Health Trends among Immigrant and Refugee Women in Canada." Nursing Research and Practice 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/434592.

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Violence against women is a serious health and social problem for women worldwide. Researchers have investigated the broad physical and mental health consequences of violence against women but few have focused on immigrant and refugee women. We assessed the history of violence and the impairment of physical and mental health among 60 women participants from the Iranian and Sri Lankan Tamil communities in Toronto, Canada. Our survey findings revealed that the participants had experienced various types of violence throughout their lifespan, with psychological abuse by a spouse/partner occurring most frequently in the past 12 months. Commonly reported types of abuse included insulting, criticizing, and intimidation by partner (psychological abuse); slapping, hitting, and shoving (physical abuse); and forced sexual intercourse and sexually degrading acts (sexual abuse) by a partner/spouse. We found that a substantial proportion of the participants also had experienced physical and mental health impairment, which could be a result of the various types of violence they had experienced throughout their lifespan. Research and practice implications are provided.

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Wilson, Margo, and Martin Daly. "La violence contre l’épouse, un crime passionnel." Criminologie 29, no. 2 (August 16, 2005): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017389ar.

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Two Statistics Canada data sources provide case information on violence against Canadian wives : the "Homicide Survey", an archive of all homicides known to police since 1974, and the 1993 national telephone "Violence against Women Survey". When combined with population-at-large information, these sources illuminate risk patterns for lethal and nonlethal violence, which are similar in most, but not all, particuliars. Rates of both lethal and nonlethal violence against wives vary in relation to age, registered versus common law status, separation, and autonomy-limitating behaviour by the husband. These risk patterns are discussed in relation to factors affecting the intensity of male sexual proprietariness. Risk patterns in Quebec parallel those for Canada as a whole in most, but not all, particulars.

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Cardy, Meghan. "‘Lock Her Up’: Harassment and Violence Against Women in Alberta Politics." Political Science Undergraduate Review 3, no. 1 (February 15, 2018): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/psur48.

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Since the ‘Orange Wave’ of the 2015 election in Alberta, women within and outside of the NDP caucus have experienced incredible levels of harassment from both ideological opposition and within their own parties. This harassment occurs towards the government demonstrative of the most success in formal representation women have ever had in Albertan politics. This uptick in the frequency and severity of harassment online, in protest, and in traditional political channels such as party leadership contests lead some to question the role Alberta’s political culture played in it’s occurrence, and the impact such a culture may have in the future. Examined using theory of gendered electoral violence and in the larger context of women’s political leadership in Canada, this paper proposes that a further critical eye should be turned towards this phenomenon rather than including it as a part of the job of doing politics as a woman.

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Rodrigues, Cintia Leci, Victoria Hernandez Girnys, and Juliana Carvalho Tavares Alves. "Violence against men in the city of São Paulo: study of reported cases." Archivos de Medicina (Manizales) 18, no. 1 (June 20, 2018): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30554/archmed.18.1.2564.2018.

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Objective: The objective of this study was to elucidate a growing and poorly studied type of violence. The prevalence of violenc against men has been the object of study of international investigations in several countries such as USA, Canada and UK.In recent decades, the focus of research and public attention on violence in Brazil has focused on violence against women; Men, however, also experience significant levels of aggression Materials and methods: This paper describes and analyzed 57,893 cases of violence against man (physical, sexual, psychological, and negligence) reported by SIVVA (Information and Surveillance System of Violence and Accidents) in the city of São Paulo from 2008 to 2015. Results: Prevalence was observed throughout the 8 years evaluated in the study of domestic physical violence or by acquaintances with use of corporal force, predominating in the groups of young and adults, Caucasian, without prior use of drugs or alcohol, and half of the cases in the mentally handicapped. Conclusion: Continuing to ignore this situation will make it unfeasible for health development, the creation of support and intervention services for this growing population.

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Tam, Dora M. Y., Myrna Dawson, Margaret Jackson, Siu-Ming Kwok, and Wilfreda E. Thurston. "Comparing criminal justice responses to violence against women in Canada and China." Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development 23, no. 2 (June 2013): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02185385.2013.793020.

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McPhedran, Samara, and Gary Mauser. "Lethal Firearm-Related Violence Against Canadian Women: Did Tightening Gun Laws Have an Impact on Women’s Health and Safety?" Violence and Victims 28, no. 5 (2013): 875–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00145.

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Domestic violence remains a significant public health issue around the world, and policy makers continually strive to implement effective legislative frameworks to reduce lethal violence against women. This article examines whether the 1995 Firearms Act (Bill C-68) had a significant impact on female firearm homicide victimization rates in Canada. Time series of gender-disaggregated data from 1974 to 2009 were examined. Two different analytic approaches were used: the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) modelling and the Zivot–Andrews (ZA) structural breakpoint tests. There was little evidence to suggest that increased firearms legislation in Canada had a significant impact on preexisting trends in lethal firearm violence against women. These results do not support the view that increasing firearms legislation is associated with a reduced incidence of firearm-related female domestic homicide victimization.

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Ruíz, Elena, and Nora Berenstain. "Gender-Based Administrative Violence as Colonial Strategy." Philosophical Topics 46, no. 2 (2018): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtopics201846219.

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There is a growing trend across North America of women being criminalized for their pregnancy outcomes. Rather than being a series of aberrations resulting from institutional failures, we argue that this trend is part of a colonial strategy of administrative violence aimed at women of color and Native women across Turtle Island. We consider a range of medical and legal practices constituting gender-based administrative violence, and we argue that they are the result of non-accidental and systematic production of population-level harms that cannot be disentangled from the goals of ongoing settler occupation and dispossession of Indigenous lands. While white feminist narratives of gender-based administrative violence in Latin America function to distance the places where such violence occurs from the ‘liberal democratic’ settler nation-states of the U.S. and Canada, we hold that administrative forms of reproductive violence against Latin American women are structurally connected to efforts in the U.S. and Canada to criminalize women of color and Indigenous women for their reproductive outcomes. The purpose of these systemically produced harms is to sustain cultures of gender-based violence in support of settler colonial configurations of power.

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Little, Margaret, Lynne Sorrel Marks, Marin Beck, Emma Paszat, and Liza Tom. "Family Matters: Immigrant Women’s Activism in Ontario and British Columbia, 1960s -1980s." Atlantis 41, no. 1 (December 16, 2020): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1074022ar.

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This article uses oral history interviews to explore the ways in which different attitudes towards family and motherhood could create major tensions between mainstream feminists and immigrant women’s activists in Ontario and British Columbia between the 1960s and the 1980s. Immigrant women’s belief in the value of the family did not prevent immigrant women from going out to work to help support their families or accessing daycare and women’s shelters, hard fought benefits of the women’s movement. However, these women demanded access to job training, English language classes, childcare, and women’s shelters on their own terms, in ways that minimized the racism they faced, respected religious and cultural values, and respected the fact that the heterosexual family remained an important resource for the majority of immigrant women. Immigrant women activists were less likely to accept a purely gender-based analysis than mainstream feminists. They often sought to work with men in their own communities, even in dealing with violence against women. And issues of violence and of reproductive rights often could not be understood only within the boundaries of Canada. For immigrant women violence against women was often analyzed in relation to political violence in their homelands, while demands for fully realized reproductive rights drew on experiences of coercion both in Canada and transnationally.

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Johnson, Shelly, and Alessandra Santos. "REDressing Invisibility and Marking Violence Against Indigenous Women in the Americas Through Art, Activism and Advocacy." First Peoples Child & Family Review 7, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1068844ar.

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The incidence of crimes against Indigenous women in the Americas has a long history in the making, but in remembering this history now, in redressing the invisible violence, in rendering the invisible visible, is how we as community can put a stop to the atrocities. Two Indigenous women academics from north and south America explore the intersections between art, activism and advocacy in this article on missing, raped and murdered Indigenous women in Mexico, Guatemala and Canada. It asks questions and provides examples about how artists, activists and advocates can redress the invisibility of the violence against Indigenous women, violations of their human rights and potentially repair loss.

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Roskin-Frazee, Amelia. "Protections for Marginalised Women in University Sexual Violence Policies." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 9, no. 1 (February 24, 2020): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v9i1.1451.

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Higher education institutions in four of the top 20 wealthiest nations globally (measured by GDP per capita) undermine gender equality by failing to address sexual violence perpetrated against women with marginalised identities. By analysing student sexual violence policies from 80 higher education institutions in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, I argue that these policies fail to account for the ways that race, sexuality, class and disability shape women’s experiences of sexual violence. Further, these deficiencies counteract efforts to achieve gender equality by tacitly denying women who experience violence access to education and health care. The conclusion proposes policy alterations designed to address the complex needs of women with marginalised identities who experience violence, including implementing cultural competency training and increasing institution-sponsored health care services for sexual violence survivors.

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Janzen, Caitlin. "Safe distances and unbearable closeness: cliché representations of violence against women in Canada." Continuum 32, no. 6 (September 13, 2018): 808–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2018.1515344.

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Collier, Cheryl N. "Neoliberalism and Violence against Women: Can Retrenchment Convergence Explain the Path of Provincial Anti-Violence Policy, 1985–2005?" Canadian Journal of Political Science 41, no. 1 (March 2008): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423908080025.

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Abstract.This article examines the impact of neoliberalism on provincial policies aimed at addressing the problem of violence against women during a period (1985–2005) when welfare state retrenchment convergence has been documented both provincially and in a variety of Western democracies, including in Canada. Using measurements of both aggregate government expenditures and qualitative evaluations of anti-violence policy progression during this time frame, my analysis questions the existence of welfare state convergence in both Ontario and British Columbia. Instead, it demonstrates evidence of pronounced anti-violence policy divergence in both cases, which is better explained by a partisan theory of public policy framework.Résumé.Cet article examine l'incidence du néolibéralisme sur les politiques provinciales visant à enrayer le problème de la violence faite aux femmes au cours de la période 1985–2005. Cette période coïncide avec la remise en question de l'État providence, phénomène largement documenté à l'échelle provinciale comme dans diverses démocraties occidentales, incluant le Canada. En mesurant les dépenses publiques d'agrégat ainsi que les évaluations qualitatives de l'évolution des politiques contre la violence durant cette période, mon analyse remet en question l'existence d'une convergence dans l'évolution de l'État providence en Ontario et en Colombie-Britannique. En fait, elle démontre plutôt l'évidence d'une divergence prononcée de politiques dans les deux cas, qui peut être mieux expliquée par une théorie “partisane” des politiques publiques.

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Brophy, James, Margaret Keith, and Michael Hurley. "Breaking Point: Violence Against Long-Term Care Staff." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 29, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 10–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048291118824872.

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Direct resident care in long-term care facilities is carried out predominantly by personal support workers and registered practical nurses, the majority of whom are women. They experience physical, verbal, and sexual violence from residents on a regular basis. To explore this widespread problem, fifty-six staff in seven communities in Ontario, Canada, were consulted. They identified such immediate causes of violence as resident fear, confusion, and agitation and such underlying causes as task-driven organization of work, understaffing, inappropriate resident placement, and inadequate time for relational care. They saw violence as symptomatic of an institution that undervalues both its staff and residents. They described how violence affects their own health and well-being—causing injuries, unaddressed emotional trauma, job dissatisfaction, and burnout. They outlined barriers to preventing violence, such as insufficient training and resources, systemic underfunding, lack of recognition of the severity and ubiquity of the phenomenon, and limited public awareness.

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Beaudoin, Ginette, and Dominique Damant. "Dangerous Domains. Violence Against Women in Canada, Holly Johnson, Canadian Center for Justice Statistics, Nelson Canada, 1996." Service social 44, no. 2 (1995): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/706701ar.

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Gatewood, Britany J., and Adele N. Norris. "Silencing Prisoner Protests: Criminology, Black Women and State-sanctioned Violence." Decolonization of Criminology and Justice 1, no. 1 (October 22, 2019): 52–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/dcj.v1i1.8.

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Protests and resistance from those locked away in jails, prisons and detention centers occur but receive limited, if any, mainstream attention. In the United States and Canada, 61 instances of prisoner unrest occurred in 2018 alone. In August of the same year, incarcerated men and women in the United States planned nineteen days of peaceful protest to improve prison conditions. Complex links of institutionalized power, white supremacy and Black resistance is receiving renewed attention; however, state-condoned violence against women in correctional institutions (e.g., physical, sexual and emotional abuse, and medical neglect by prison staff) is understudied. This qualitative case study examines 10 top-tier Criminology journals from 2008-2018 for the presence of prisoner unrest/protest. Findings reveal a paucity of attention devoted to prisoner unrest or state-sanctioned violence. This paper argues that the invisibility of prisoner unrest conceals the breadth and depth of state-inflicted violence against prisoners, especially marginalized peoples. This paper concludes with a discussion of the historical legacy and contemporary invisibility of Black women’s resistance against state-inflicted violence. This paper argues that in order to make sense of and tackle state-condoned violence we must turn to incarcerated individuals, activists, and Black and Indigenous thinkers and grassroots actors.

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Lovering, Raven. "Graphic Reminders: Confronting Colonialism in Canada through Betty: The Helen Betty Osborne Story." Contemporary Kanata: Interdisciplinary Approaches To Canadian Studies, no. 1 (September 26, 2021): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2564-4661.24.

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David Alexander Robertson’s 2015 graphic novel Betty: The Helen Betty Osborne Story connects non-Indigenous Canadians to the racial realities of Canada’s intentionally forgotten past. Robertson translates Helen Betty Osborne’s biography into the accessible format of the graphic novel which allows for a wide range of readers to connect present day racial injustices to the past, generating new understandings surrounding violence against Indigenous peoples in Canada. Helen Betty Osborne, a young female Cree student was abducted and murdered in 1971, targeted for her race and gender. The horrors Betty experienced reveal the connection between her story and the contemporary narrative of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women in Canada. Betty: The Helen Betty Osborne Story deconstructs Betty’s life from the violence she is subjected to, personifying a historical figure. The graphic novel allows for a visual collision of past and present to express the cycle of colonial violence in Canada ignored by non-Indigenous Canadians despite its continued socio-economic and political impact on Indigenous peoples. As an Indigenous author, Robertson preserves the integrity of Indigenous voice and revives an integral gendered and racialized historical perspective that is necessary to teach. This close reading of Betty: The Helen Betty Osborne Story explores how Robertson uses the graphic novel to revive history and in doing so, demonstrates connections between past and present patterns of racial injustice against Indigenous women in Canada today.

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Bukhonskyi, S. О. "SOME MODERN PROBLEMS OF COUNTERACTING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE." Constitutional State, no. 43 (October 26, 2021): 122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2411-2054.2021.43.240989.

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Counteracting domestic violence is today one of the most important areas of social development. It is seen not only as a social problem, but primarily as a problem of protecting human rights and, above all, the rights of women, requires the development of appropriate legal means of solving it. When violence is committed in the family, the rights and freedoms of a particular person are violated, and through the capabilities of the aggressor and the victim, the latter’s self-defense is complicated, which requires intervention from the state and society. According to the data provided by the World Health Organization, one in six women has experienced domestic violence. According to the same data, this problem is more acute for economically underdeveloped countries, while women in these countries are more likely to recognize such violence against themselves as justified. Thus, the percentage of women who reported that they had been subjected to violence by their family members at least once in their life varies from 15% in Japan to 71% in Ethiopia. According to other sources, the level of domestic violence against women is about 23% in Sweden, 4% in Japan and Serbia, 30–54% in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Peru and Tanzania. In the United States, a woman suffers from physical violence every 18 minutes. According to statistics, 62% of the murders of women were committed by their husbands. In Peru, 70% of all reported crimes are domestic violence. Sexual violence is widespread – in Canada, New Zealand, the United States and the United Kingdom, every sixth woman has been raped. The adoption of special legislation and its introduction into the practice of the activities of authorized state bodies makes it possible to gradually eradicate these negative social traditions. International information exchange between scientists, law enforcement officials, social workers contributes to the spread of international experience in the Ukrainian legal system. In addition, Ukraine, in the course of the formation of national legislation, studies and adapts the provisions of international human rights standards, including on combating domestic violence.

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Mattoo, Deepa, and Sydele E. Merrigan. "“BARBARIC” CULTURAL PRACTICES: CULTURALIZING VIOLENCE AND THE FAILURE TO PROTECT WOMEN IN CANADA." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 12, no. 1 (March 12, 2021): 124–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs121202120086.

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The introduction of Bill S-7, the Zero Tolerance for Barbaric Cultural Practices Act, in 2015 garnered major critical attention across Canada. Amid an already tense climate of anti-immigrant sentiment in the post-9/11 era, the title chosen for the bill by the Conservative-led government catalyzed xenophobia, perpetuated the “us versus them” rhetoric, and culturalized violence. While originally touted as an opportunity to enhance protection for girls and women against the “foreign” horrors of polygamy, early and forced marriage, and “honour”-based killings, Bill S-7 instead fanned the flames of xenophobia on a mass level, failed to protect women, and, in fact, created higher risk of harms for women who are victims of gender- or family-based violence. In this commentary, we provide an overview of Bill S-7, the amendments to legislation made as a result of its passing, and some of its many problematic elements. We address the barriers to disclosing violence in racialized communities and subsequently provide suggestions on how to effectively address gender- and family-based violence in Canada in an effort to support survivors and prevent further harm.

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Ajitha Sekhar, Dr C. P. "PLIGHT OF NATIVE ABORGINES IN NORTH AMERICA." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 4 (August 1, 2022): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i04.030.

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The progress of indigenous women is very important for poverty abolition, attainment of justifiable development and the fight against gender-based violence. Unfortunately, gender discrimination and violence on women is a common problem in every part of the world. In spite of the various developments in all walks of life, cruelty on women is a continuing grief. Destructions of their cultural rights tend to create spiritual violence against aboriginal women. While the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples drew special consideration to the requirements and mainly, constitutional rights of indigenous women are called for action to defend them from violence. In spite of, more than one in three aboriginal women are assaulted during their lifetime. Lee Maracle, a world-renowned Native woman writer of Canada, had authored innumerable critically acclaimed literary works which brings out the tribulations faced by the Canadian native women. In her writings, she addresses issues concerning aboriginal women of North America. Through her writings she attempts to achieve liberation of women from the age-old power and tyranny by men. In her biography I Am Woman, she focuses on male- domination and Native women’s subjugation. They lose their individuality and identity and protest for their colour and voices of the people. There is a social prejudice between the Canadian natives and white people. Maracle emphases the Canadian aboriginal legitimacy. She says about the final journey of Native people which ends with liberation. She is one among the Natives whois brutally attacked by the intruders. Maracle concludes the Indigenous People need to rejoice their past because in doing so, it helps to raise their cultures. Celebrating their history stimulates selfimportance in being Indigenous.

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Marinescu, Valentina. "Media coverage of “grassroots” violence against women: A comparative analysis for Romania and Canada." Brazilian Journalism Research 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 140–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/bjr.v4n1.2008.138.

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Mucina, Mandeep Kaur. "WITNESSING, GRIEVING, AND REMEMBERING: LETTERS OF RESISTANCE, LOVE, AND RECLAMATION FROM DAUGHTERS OF IZZAT." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 12, no. 1 (March 12, 2021): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs121202120081.

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This article challenges public and private constructions of honourrelated violence as they impact second-generation South Asian women and girls in Canada. While much has been written about the victims of honour killings, including high profile cases of young women killed by their families in Canada, considerably less attention and space has been given to second-generation South Asian Canadian women and girl’s stories of survivance and resistance against honour-based violence (HBV). This paper moves towards storying processes of grieving and of witnessing public stories of HBV, and documents a collective writing process I undertook in collaboration with survivors of HBV. We shared narratives of grief and pain, and the power of collective storywork. The paper includes two letters that speak to the context in which second generation South Asian women are embodying resistance and reclamation, and witnessing stories of grief, loss, love, and acceptance.

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Brownridge, Douglas A., Tamara Taillieu, Ko Ling Chan, Tracie Afifi, Susy Santos, and Agnes Tiwari. "The Risk of Men’s and Women’s Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Across Activity Limitation Types in Canada." Partner Abuse 7, no. 2 (2016): 169–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.7.2.169.

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Despite the growing body of research on violence against persons with activity limitations (ALs), only a handful of studies of intimate partner violence (IPV) and ALs have included men in their analyses. This study used a nationally representative sample of 15,010 Canadians to examine the risk of IPV against men and women with and without ALs. Results showed that, with controls for age and education, men and women with any type of AL faced an elevated risk of IPV victimization. Adjusting for perpetrator-related risk factors fully accounted for the elevated risk for men with physical ALs and multiple ALs but not for men with nonphysically based ALs. Women in each AL type, on the other hand, had elevated odds of IPV after adjustments. A comparison of women with ALs to men with ALs showed that perpetrator-related risk factors accounted for women’s elevated risk for those with physical ALs and nonphysical ALs but not those with multiple ALs. Overall, although the risk of IPV is greater for women with ALs than for men with ALs, IPV is nevertheless a significant problem for men with ALs. Targeted interventions to prevent IPV for both genders are needed.

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Stewart, Lynn A., Natalie Gabora, Nicole Allegri, and Maria Claire Slavin-Stewart. "Profile of Female Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence in an Offender Population: Implications for Treatment." Partner Abuse 5, no. 2 (2014): 168–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.5.2.168.

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Despite evidence that the incidence of female-to-male intimate partner violence (IPV) in the general population is as high as that of male-to-female intimate violence, until recently little attention has been devoted to understanding women perpetrators of partner violence or to the design of programs to address their violence. This study explored the characteristics of female perpetrators of IPV in an offender population and examined the context, consequences, and motives for their aggression. There were 897 women serving a federal sentence in the Correctional Service of Canada at the time of data extraction, of whom 15% (n = 135) had a history of IPV. Results indicated that these offenders were most often classified as moderate criminal risk and high criminogenic need. Most had been victims of severe abuse during their youth and in adult relationships. Women’s motives for violence were diverse. Although most women had a history of mutual violence with their partners, 64% were the primary perpetrators in at least 1 incident. Violence in self-defense or in defense of their children were the least frequently coded categories. Similar to a comparison group of male offenders, the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment tool indicated that the most common risk factors associated with women’s IPV included past physical assault against intimate partners, substance abuse, and employment problems. These findings reinforce the need for a correctional programming targeting the diverse circumstances and motivations of women who are violent against their partners.

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Wallace, Rebecca M. M. "Making the Refugee Convention Gender Sensitive: The Canadian Guidelines." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 45, no. 3 (July 1996): 702–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300059443.

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Human rights violations committed against women have become an increasingly high priority on the international agenda.1 Rape, “honour killings.”, bride-burning, genital mutilation, forced sterilisation, forced abortion, domestic violence are all acts of violence regularly committed against women. What makes women the target of such acts is primarily if not exclusively their sex. Membership of the female sex is what creates the risk. Women have been afforded minimal redress in international fora and this has been particularly true within the context of refugee determination. Women and children make up the majority of the world's refugee population2 yet, because of their comparative lack of mobility, the refugee jurisprudence which has evolved has been based primarily on the experiences of men. However, women often fear persecution for reasons different from men, and when they do fear persecution for the same reason as men they often experience the persecution differently. There is evidence that contemporary refugee law is becoming gender sensitive. In March 1993 the Guidelines on Women Refugee Claimants Fearing Gender-Related Persecution were issued by the Chairperson of the Canadian Immigration and Refugee Board.3 The Guidelines were novel in that their promulgation made Canada the first country to recognise formally that cognisance should be given to claims by refugee applicants of alleged genderrelated persecution. This short article will identify the raison d'être of the Guidelines, articulate their principal characteristics and assess their impact both within Canada and beyond.

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NASON-CLARK, Nancy. "Religion and Violence Against Women: Exploring the Rhetoric and the Response of Evangelical Churches in Canada." Social Compass 43, no. 4 (December 1996): 515–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003776896043004006.

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Brownridge, D. A. "Cultural Variation in Male Partner Violence Against Women: A Comparison of Québec With the Rest of Canada." Violence Against Women 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 87–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10778010222182955.

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Strong-Boag, Veronica. "Experts on Our Own Lives: Commemorating Canada at the Beginning of the 21st Century." Public Historian 31, no. 1 (2009): 46–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2009.31.1.46.

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Abstract This article highlights the contested nature of public commemoration in Canada. Vigorous grassroots enthusiasm for commemoration is compared with the evolving commitment of the Historic Sites and Monuments Board, one of Canada's senior players in national commemoration. The article begins by pointing to the ongoing attention to history that pervades contemporary movement politics among the First Nations, ethno-cultural groups, women, and workers. It next considers recent popular efforts at commemoration, with a particular focus on those targeting ethnic and racial injustice, violence against women, and the invisibility of workers. It then considers the role of the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada from its founding in 1919 to the present. Ultimately, it asks what grassroots and official actors in historical commemoration contribute to the maintenance of public memory.

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Stevenson, Rochelle, Amy Fitzgerald, and Betty Jo Barrett. "Keeping Pets Safe in the Context of Intimate Partner Violence." Affilia 33, no. 2 (December 18, 2017): 236–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109917747613.

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The connection between intimate partner violence (IPV) and abuse against animals is becoming well-documented. Women consistently report that their pets have been threatened or harmed by their abuser, and many women delay leaving abusive relationships out of concern for their pets. Shelters are often faced with limited resources, and it can be difficult to see how their mandate to assist women fleeing IPV also includes assistance to their companion animals. Through surveys with staff from 17 IPV shelters in Canada, the current study captures a snapshot of the shelter policies and practices regarding companion animals. The study explores staff’s own relationships with pets and exposure to animal abuse, as well as how these experiences relate to support for pet safekeeping programs, perceived barriers, and perceived benefits for the programs. Policy implications for IPV service agencies include asking clients about concerns about pet safety, clear communication of agency policies regarding services available for pet safekeeping, and starting a conversation at the agency level on how to establish a pet safekeeping program in order to better meet the needs of women seeking refuge from IPV.

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Barrett, Betty Jo, Amy Fitzgerald, Amy Peirone, Rochelle Stevenson, and Chi Ho Cheung. "Help-Seeking Among Abused Women With Pets: Evidence From a Canadian Sample." Violence and Victims 33, no. 4 (August 2018): 604–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-17-00072.

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A growing body of research has highlighted the significant co-occurrence of violence against women and companion animals in abusive households. Collectively, this work has also documented that sizable proportions of women with pets sampled report that they delayed leaving their partner due to fear for their pets’ safety. Using data from 86 residents of 16 battered women’s shelters in Canada, this study begins to tease apart the relationship between five types of animal maltreatment (emotional abuse, threats to harm, neglect, physical abuse, and severe physical abuse) and women’s deliberations to leave violent relationships. The findings indicate that while the specific types of animal maltreatment are significant motivators for leaving an abusive partner, the length of the relationship and the physical abuse experienced by the woman better explain the degree to which concern for the well-being of the pet kept them from leaving their abuser earlier.

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Branch, Kathryn A., and Tara N. Richards. "WALTERDEKESEREDY, Violence against Women: Myths, Facts, and Controversies. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 2011, 178 p." Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie 49, no. 2 (May 2012): 208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618x.2011.01291.x.

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Pedersen, Paul E. "The looking ahead project: A lesson in community engagement and positive change." Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being 4, no. 3 (October 10, 2019): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35502/jcswb.101.

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In response to the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls movement across the country, the Greater Sudbury Police Service initiated a community engagement approach to build a project with the goal of reducing violence against Indigenous women and girls. Recognizing a need for dedicated staff to lead this project, the Greater Sudbury Police Service and the N’Swakamok Native Friendship Centre partnered and made application to receive Federal Government Justice Canada Funds to hire a violence prevention coordinator. This individual, through a Memorandum of Understanding, would be employed by both the Friendship Centre and the police. The violence prevention coordinator teamed up with the police aboriginal liaison officer to bring the project to life. Resisting any sort of “top down” approach, Indigenous women, girls and agencies formed part of a working committee that was asked to answer a question about what can be done to work proactively and reactively to help reduce the possibility of violence at a local level. The project, which was focused on building spirit, on culture and ceremony, on listening to what people with lived experience felt would be helpful, was created and titled the Looking Ahead to Build the Spirit of Our Women Learning to Live Free From Violence Project. The suite of achievements, accomplishments and activities is comprehensive and growing every day and includes a strategy document and the release of a missing persons toolkit. An outcome from this project is this example of how community engagement strategies, when properly applied, can yield success which would be impossible through any single agency approach.

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Wu, Yanqi, Jie Chen, Hui Fang, and Yuehua Wan. "Intimate Partner Violence: A Bibliometric Review of Literature." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (August 4, 2020): 5607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155607.

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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a worldwide public health problem. Here, a bibliometric analysis is performed to evaluate the publications in the Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) field from 2000 to 2019 based on the Science Citation Index (SCI) Expanded and the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) databases. This work presents a detailed overview of IPV from aspects of types of articles, citations, h-indices, languages, years, journals, institutions, countries, and author keywords. The results show that the USA takes the leading position in this research field, followed by Canada and the U.K. The University of North Carolina has the most publications and Harvard University has the first place in terms of h-index. The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine leads the list of average citations per paper. The Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Journal of Family Violence and Violence Against Women are the top three most productive journals in this field, and Psychology is the most frequently used subject category. Keywords analysis indicates that, in recent years, most research focuses on the research fields of “child abuse”, “pregnancy”, “HIV”, “dating violence”, “gender-based violence” and “adolescents”.

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Brownridge, Douglas A. "Understanding the Elevated Risk of Partner Violence Against Aboriginal Women: A Comparison of Two Nationally Representative Surveys of Canada." Journal of Family Violence 23, no. 5 (February 21, 2008): 353–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10896-008-9160-0.

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Schwan, Kaitlin, Erin Dej, and Alicia Versteegh. "Girls, Homelessness, and COVID-19." Girlhood Studies 13, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ghs.2020.130311.

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Equitable access to adequate housing has increasingly been recognized as a matter of life and death during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite this, there has been limited gendered analysis of how COVID-19 has shaped girls’ access to housing. In this article we analyze how the socio-economic exclusion of girls who are homeless is likely to increase during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. We suggest that three structural inequities will deepen this exclusion: the disproportionate burden of poverty faced by women; the inequitible childcare responsibilities women bear; and the proliferation of violence against women. We argue for the development of a research agenda that can address the structural conditions that foster pathways into homelessness for low-income and marginalized girls in the context of COVID-19 and beyond.

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Bott, Sarah, Alessandra Guedes, Ana P. Ruiz-Celis, and Jennifer Adams Mendoza. "Intimate partner violence in the Americas: a systematic review and reanalysis of national prevalence estimates." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 43 (March 20, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2019.26.

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Objectives.To describe what is known about the national prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women in the Americas across countries and over time, including the geographic coverage, quality, and comparability of national data.Methods.This was a systematic review and reanalysis of national, population-based IPV estimates from 1998 – 2017 in the Americas. Estimates were reanalyzed for comparability or extracted from reports, including IPV prevalence by type (physical; sexual; physical and/or sexual), timeframe (ever; past year), and perpetrator (any partner in life; current/most recent partner). In countries with 3+ rounds of data, Cochran-Armitage and Pearson chi-square tests were used to assess whether changes over time were significant (P< 0.05).Results.Eligible surveys were found in 24 countries. Women reported ever having experienced physical and/or sexual IPV at rates that ranged from 14% – 17% of women in Brazil, Panama, and Uruguay to over one-half (58.5%) in Bolivia. Past-year prevalence of physical and/or sexual IPV ranged from 1.1% in Canada to 27.1% in Bolivia. Preliminary evidence suggests a possible decline in reported prevalence of certain types of IPV in eight countries; however, some changes were small, some indicators did not change significantly, and a significant increase was found in the reported prevalence of past-year physical IPV in the Dominican Republic.Conclusions.IPV against women remains a public health and human rights problem across the Americas; however, the evidence base has gaps, suggesting a need for more comparable, high quality evidence for mobilizing and monitoring violence prevention and response.

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Heaman, Elsbeth. "Constructing Innocence: Representations of Sexual Violence in Upper Canada’s War of 1812." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 24, no. 2 (May 15, 2014): 114–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1025076ar.

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This essay explores the way in which rape was represented in Upper Canada circa 1812. It draws upon a broadly defined Upper Canadian print culture that drew upon and reacted against wider trends, especially those prevalent in the United States. Whereas American newspapers spoke openly of sexual violence against American women during the War of 1812, Upper Canadian sources tended to suppress any such discussion, for reasons that reflect profound cultural and political differences. Americans stoked a rowdy, popular patriotism that Canadians distrusted and sought to avert. The analysis of national differences is contextualized within broader changes in the ways that rape was constructed in the press and the courts over the first half of the nineteenth century, in ways that worked to muffle women’s public voice. But the War of 1812’s most famous heroine, Laura Secord, was not silenced. Writing almost half a century later, Secord challenged discursive conventions of gender when she had her say and made herself a hero. The final section examines how Secord and her early commentators interwove literary signals of danger and respectability in their published accounts.

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Maart, Rozena. "Race and Pedagogical Practices: When Race Takes Center Stage in Philosophy." Hypatia 29, no. 1 (2014): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12076.

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This paper presents a segment of a broader research project titled “When Black Consciousness Meets White Consciousness,” which first developed out of my research work with White women in violence‐against‐women organizations. It documents an interview between a White woman and me, a Black South African philosopher. I lived and worked in Canada at the time but I traveled to the United States for conferences on a regular basis. I was presenting my work on Black consciousness, White consciousness, and Black existentialism—relying on Derridean deconstruction and psychoanalysis—when I had the exchange with a White woman, a young faculty member in the philosophy department, which had jointly hosted the talk with the women and gender studies department. This paper offers a verbatim account of this dialogue wherein the history of philosophy is unraveled and where I draw on Jacques Derrida's “White Mythology” to demonstrate how White consciousness is engraved. It is out of this intertwined analysis that my work on White consciousness emerged in the 1990s—and with which I continue—as is evidenced throughout the paper. In unpacking this dialogue, I situate the complexities that arise from the pedagogical practices within philosophy when race takes center stage within a discipline that has written itself as though race does not exist.

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Lesco, Natalie Marie. "Beyond Invisibility: A REDress Collaboration to Raise Awareness of the Crisis of Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women." Journal for Undergraduate Ethnography 8, no. 2 (October 8, 2018): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/jue.v8i2.8688.

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This article describes the impact of a case study of the REDress project on a university campus in Nova Scotia, Canada. The REDress project is a grassroots initiative that operates at the local level to empower Aboriginal women through an evocative art exhibit: the hanging of empty red dresses symbolizing missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls and the emptiness of the societal response to the violence committed against them. Using a participatory-action research model (PAR), which guides the exploration of the kinds of ideas instilled within this community-based initiative, my research demonstrates the potential this project has to mobilize local Indigenous women’s perspectives and voices, in order to break the silence to which they are often subjected through structures of oppression. This process relies on the establishment of meaningful connections with members of the StFX Aboriginal Student’s Society and creating a transparent research process, while also encouraging action in the form of awareness building. The project makes a political statement that resists the ascribed invisibility of Aboriginal women by honouring the lives of missing and murdered Aboriginal women. As a community-based initiative, the REDress project demonstrates the beginnings of reconciliation by cultivating meaningful relationships that provide hope for the future.

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Erauw, Gregg. "Trading Away Women’s Rights: A Feminist Critique of the Canada–Colombia Free Trade Agreement." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 47 (2010): 161–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800009863.

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SummaryThe internal conflict in Colombia has resulted in documented violations of human rights and international humanitarian law. In particular, Colombian women and their human rights have been disproportionately impacted by the conflict. It is within this context that the Canada-Colombia Free Trade Agreement (CCFTA) is being proposed, and there is serious concern that Canadian investors could perpetuate the violence or become complicit beneficiaries of human rights violations in Colombia once the CCFTA is ratified. Against this background, this article takes a feminist approach to international investment law to demonstrate that international investment agreements (IIAs) and free trade agreements with investment provisions (FTAs), such as the CCFTA, maintain and reinforce gender hierarchy to the detriment of women’s socio-economic rights, needs, and interests. By engaging in a feminist critique of the CCFTA’s provisions on non-discrimination, performance, expropriation, corporate social responsibility, reservations, investor-state arbitration, and general exceptions, as well as the labour side agreement, the ramifications of international investment law on Colombian women’s rights and women’s rights generally becomes apparent. In order to remedy these shortcomings, recommendations are made to alleviate the potential strain of international investment law and the CCFTA specifically on women’s rights.

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Isaac, Adisah-Atta. "Violent Victimization against Women in Canada: Evidence from the General Social Survey 2009 Data, a Gendered Study." Open Journal of Social Sciences 05, no. 04 (2017): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jss.2017.54004.

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Bland, Roger C. "International Health and Psychiatry." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 1 (February 1996): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379604100105.

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Objective: To abstract and evaluate data on psychiatric illness and health care in Canada from a recent major World Bank/World Health Organization (WHO) publication. Method: A review of the publication and related material provides a picture of the level of disability produced by neuropsychiatric disorders. Changing patterns of life expectancy in developing countries, and some social factors associated with prevention are extracted. Results: Psychiatric disorders account for 15% of disability and premature death in developed countries. A surprisingly small percentage is accounted for by psychoses, and more than expected by post-traumatic stress disorders. Violence against women is highlighted as a risk factor for psychiatric disorders. Objectives for health care systems — improving outcomes, reaching the disadvantaged and containing costs — are detailed. Conclusions: Although little formal attention is given to psychiatric disorders, there is a wealth of information about the extent of disability produced by neuropsychiatric disorders, and future directions of health care systems.

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Bhatia, Nandi. "Diasporic Activism and the Mediations of “Home”: South Asian Voices in Canadian Drama." Studies in Social Justice 7, no. 1 (November 19, 2012): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v7i1.1058.

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Critical analyses of literatures of the Indian diaspora discuss the “home” of origin as a subtext and a site to which diasporas aspire to return even though it remains an unachievable ideal that is refracted through nostalgic retellings of a space that remains at best “imaginary” (Mishra 2007). Alternatively, some critics, as Roger Waldinger and David Fitzgerald point out, view diasporas’ relationship with the homeland in terms of “loyalty,” obscuring in the process the antagonisms that may arise depending upon one’s circumstances, antagonisms that produce “interactions” between homes of residence and those of origin (2012). In South Asian drama in Canada, many of the concerns regarding race, multiculturalism, job discrimination and violence against women and other marginalized groups are propelled by their links to the playwrights’ “home” of origin. With attention to selected plays, this paper will analyze how the networks between home and spaces of residence in multicultural Canada come alive on theatre stages through visual motifs, actors, props, and photographic collages, which confront the different trajectories of “home” that resurface in these plays. Through live scenes of imagination that speak to spectators, several plays under discussion in this essay expose how, while providing emotional sustenance for some, the baggage of “home” may also pose challenges in the home of residence. So the questions I raise are: How does home appear? To what end? And what does returning “home” teach us about the inequalities and injustices underlying the current global order?

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Leonard, Ellen M. "Comptes rendus / Reviews of books: Linking Sexuality & Gender: Naming Violence against Women in the United Church of Canada Tracy J. Trothen Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier Press, 2003. viii + 160 p." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 33, no. 3-4 (September 2004): 492–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000842980403300341.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Women – Violence against – Canada'

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